Marine Life BiomeBy Lukas Struppe

Basic facts to know before you read this.

• The Marine Biome includes the ecosystems of all the bodies of SALT WATER NOT FRESH WATER.

• This biome includes the all the plants and animals living in salt water.

In this report we will be focusing specifically on the DEEP SEA

BIOME!

CLICK TO ENTER THE

DEEP SEA

The Deep Sea How Deep?How Cold?

• The Deep Sea includes three zones:• Batheypelagic Zone (1000-4000m)• Abyssopelagic Zone (4000-6000m)• Hadopelagic Zone (6000-undiscovered)

• It ranges from about 1800 meters to 11,000 meters which is the deepest discovered so far.

• Average temperature at 4000 meters is 2 degrees Celcius

The Bathypelagic Zone• This zone is closest to the surface from the Deep

Sea Biome• The Biomass decreases (amount of

organisms/living things or dead organisms) • The prey feed on dead organisms that come from

higher up while the predators feed on the prey in their zone.

• Sunlight reaches only to 1000 meters so it is Pitch Black

• Some animals use bioluminescence to see and move around.

Yum!

Abyssopelagic Zone• No light is seen here• Anything living beyond this must be able to withstand

11,000 psi. (we would get crushed)• It is the largest living zone known to man• ≈115,000,000 square miles• The biomass is extremely high here because of all the dead

organisms that float down here. • There is little or no oxygen down here. • Predators usually use bioluminescence to catch other fish or

jellyfish• Most prey are camouflaged or transparent/translucent. • The jaws of the fish are large and low as to be able to comb

through the sand for food• Most fish are blind

Fun Fact: Abyssopelagic

Comes from the Greek meaning no bottom (but there is one)

The Hadalpelagic Zone• Deepest known part of the ocean is the

Marianas trench (11,021 meters)• Mostly made up of deep trenches since

most places are not deeper than 4,000 meters.

• 2% of the ocean is part of this zone• Very few organisms live down here

because of the extreme temperature and pressure.

Bathypelagic Food Webdead biomass debris

Large Crustaceans

Small Crustaceans and/or Copopods

Fish, squid, etc.

Abyssopelagic and Hadalpelagic Food Web

• Sadly there is no food web on these zones since so little is known.

• There is A basic food web though

Click Arrow For a Food Web on all three zones.

Biomass

• Dead Biomass• Tube worms

Bacteria• Bacteria

Crustaceans

• Copepods• Large Crustaceans

Small organisms

• Small fish• Cucumbers

Predators

• Large fish• Squid, octopus e.t.c.

***Also Shows the flow of energy. It will be explained more in the next slide

YUM!!!

1. Bacteria are produced by the heat the tubeworms put out (you will learn more next slide)

2. Zooplankton and Phytoplankton feed on the bacteria so energy transfers into them

3. Copepods and small crustaceans eat these and get eaten by large Crustaceans

4. Large Crustaceans get eaten by small fish or the other way around actually

5. These get eaten by the big predators like the Angler Fish and the Vampire Squid

Energy Transfer

Primary Producers

Secondary Producers

1. Dead Biomass is the “Primary Producer even

though it is dead because it comes from the dead things

that float down from the higher up zones.

1. Copopods, and large crustaceans, and fish, all eat the bacteria arund the vents

and/or they eat the dead biomass

2. Tube Worms are so to say, primary producers because

they are hydrothermal vents. They release black smoke in

which is a chemical that bacteria can survive on using

chemosynthesis.

Bigger predators eat these animals, and usually don’t

go around eating the Primary Producers.

Its like when we eat a hamburger…

Click Video to watch!