413

NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 413

Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United State Crustacea: Branchiura

Roger F. Cressey

May 1978

U S DEPARTME T OF CO ERCE National Oceanic and A mosp eric Ad 1 IS ra 10 National Marine Fis erres Se Ice

NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS

National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars

The major responsibilities of the :--:atIOnal ;\Iarine Fisheries ServIce ( '\IF~I llre to mOnitor and as"eJ< the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources. to unde"tand and predlft t1uctuatu/Os in th" flllantltv and d,strlbut U/O of these resollTc(' . and to establish levels for optImum use of the reSOUTces. :--:. IFS is also ('harged with the d~velopment and ImplementatIOn of poilCle for managlOg national fi.hlOg grounds. development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulatulOs, surveillance of forell(n Ii hlnl( . Ke\ to Ileid Identiliraunn (.1 anadron IU JUH'n Ie s.llmfl Id, II 'ne Panik :-':orthwest B\' Rohert .J ;\la,'Conneli ar. i (.eorge R ",.,Ider .Januar\' 1972. 1\' + 6 p 4 fIgs F IT sa.e bl the Superll tender,t 01 Documents l?S GO\"l'rnment Prlntll1g Ofll(e, \\ ,"hI Igt m D ( 2(j4(j~

3f)~ Enl(ineering economic model lor !l.h I"ctelf COf' €n ratllln prncesses B\' K. K Almenas. L C Dunlla. R (' ~rns' J \\ C. ,t" "'I B. Hale. and.J ;\1. :\Olarchello. Octoner 1972. III + 1,·" to IIgs . t tal,le For sale by the Superintendent ofDocuments.l' ~ (.C\errm€rt Pnntln,r Of/lee, \Yashington. 0 C 20402

168. Cooperatl\'e Gulf of ;\lexicQ estdanne Imer t IT and stu.!' Florida: Phase I. area descriptIOn. Bv.J Kneeland '1c llty. W, IIdm '" Lindall. Jr. and .James E. Sykes. :-':olember ur::. \,1 + 126 P l6ligs. f)~ tables. For sale by the Superintendent )f Dnl lIT ents, l .. ' (.0\ ern nent Printing Office. Washington. 0 C ~0402

:169 Field gu.de t·l the anglelishes (Pc "acan"udae) m the western Atlantic B\' Henry A Feddern '\')vember 19,2. II + ,II p, . - f~, For sale b~ the Superintendent of Documents. L S (.overn'nen t Pnntin" Of fice \\"ashml(ton D.C. 2040:;

3,0 Collectmj( and processing data on Lsh e!

11\.1 f "hen puhhcations, calendar year 1972 LIsts and indexes. By Lee (' Thorson dnd ;\larv Ellen Engett ,'ovember 1973, iv + 23 p .. I fil(. For ,;ale I,,' the Supenntendent of Documents. LIS. Go\"ernment Printing Of-lice WashlIlJ(ton. 0 C 20-102

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NOAA Technical Report Circular 413

Marine Flora and Fauna of

the Northeastern United States .

Crustacea: Branchiura

Roger F. Cressey

May 1978

U.S. DE PARTMENT OF COMMERCE , '

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad InIS a Ion rd

National anne Flshenes Service

FOREWORD

This issue of the "Circulars" is part of a subseries entitled "Marine Flora and Fauna of t he Northeastern United States." This subseries will consist of original, Illustrated, modern manuals on the identification, classification, lind general biology of the estuarine and coastal marine plants and animals of the northeastern United 'tates. Manual~ will be publl~hed at irregular intervals on as many taxa of the region as there are pecialists available to collaborate in their preparation .

The manuals are an outgrowth of the widely used "Keys to Manne Invertebrate~ of the Woods Hole Region," edited by R. 1. Smith, published In 1964, and produced under the au~picel! of the Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine BIOlogical Laboratory, Wood. Hole, Mas In tead of revising the "Woods Hole Keys," the staff of the 'ystematlc -Ecology Program decided to ex-pand the geographic coverage and bathymetric range and produce the key in an entirely new set of expanded publications .

The "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern nited ,'tates" IS being prepared in collaboratIOn With systematic speCialists In the 'nited State~ and abroad . Each manual will be based primarily on recent and ongoing revisionary sy~tematlc re,earch and a fre h examination of the plants and animals . Each major taxon, treated in a ~eparate manual, will include an in-troduction, illustrated glossary, uniform originally Illustrated keys, annotated check 1I,t with in-formation when available on distribution, hab itat, life histOry, and related biology, reierence to the major literature of the group, and a sy tematlc Index .

These manuals are intended for use by biology students, biologi t~, bIOlogical oceano-graphers, Informed laymen, and others wishing to identify coa tal organi~m for thb rejpon. In many instances the manuals will serve a a guide to additional Information about he pecie or the group.

Geographic coverage of the " Marine Flora and Fauna of the. ' ortheastern United 'tate " i, planned to include organisms from the headwaters ot estuarie eaward to approximately the 200-m depth on the continental .helf from ~laine to Virginia, but rna) vary _omewhat y"Hh each major taxon and the intere ·ts of collaborators . Whenever po Ible repre entallve . peCimen dealt With III the manuals will be deposited In the reference collections of major mu eums in the region .

After a suffiCient number of manual of related taxonomic group have been published. the manuals will be revised . grouped, and is 'ued as peclal volume The e volume Will thu con-sist of compilations of individual manual within phyla uch a~ the Cnidaria. Arthropoda. and Mollusca. or of groups of phyla .

II

I ................ . K to the Branchiura of northeastem nited tates Annotated ternatic list

lected bibliography ysternatic inde

Acknowledgments . . . . oordinator' comments

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMF S) does not approve, rec· ommend or endorse any proprietary product or propri tary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to ••• IF , or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro-motion which would indicate or imply that • ·~IFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprie ary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to ca se directly or indlrec y the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this .... f F pu bUca tion.

III

1 3

10 10

Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Branchiura

RO ,ER F. RE EY

B,TR T

Eleven ~p .t's of ArgullUl are kno" n from tbe nortbea tt'rn l nited SIIiI' \n IIlu 1"11,>

;:::::::--.~---------- pre 0 r a 1st j n g ~-~--------- ante n n a e

~------ sucker rod area

------------ s u c k e r

mouth tube L-~=---~------~.....--+----- m a x ill a

respiratory areas

_~r-~~-T-----developing eggs

~~~~~--~~---spermatheca

--l----:-4t~------ a bd 0 men

J H r 1.- ArruJ\U alo Jle, (emAle, ventral view. lAbeled.

2

1

1

o

mailer respiratory area mostly or entirely anterior to larger ( peclmens "m tl antenor" have ucker rods of 5-7 elemen ) ....................... .

a b c d e f F1rure 2.-Reeplratory area of: a. Argu'lUjaponU:lU; b. A. chnapeaJt .. Mu; c. A . Iotica...IG; d. A. 1ft alo".: f'. • ell cw,

f. A. fundt.lli.

2

Smaller respiratory area mo tly or entirely lateral to larger ( pecimen "m tlv 1ateral" hav sucker rods of 2 elements) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 7

a b c d Ficuft 3.-Reeplralor) 8I'Na 01: a. rpw icolor. b

t tlu.,. Ift4ca'

h

•

f iCUrt' 7.-Suckt'r rod or.~ r ulJu m.# awtM.

-1 (;1) Mouth tube with ale at ba. e (. ee Fig. 4c).

5 (2)

fi (2)

6 (5)

ucker rod a. Fi~re 7 .Ar~ulu megalop

M re than 5 element In ucker rod . . . Argulu.\ japonicw

Figure .-Sucker rod of ArJ(ul ... japo",~",.

Le than 6 element In ucker rod ..... 6

Antennal pine nearly a wide a long. ucker rods of 4- ~ element

Ficure 9.-Argul ... latica.uda: a. antennae; b. ueker rod8.

a

G (5) Antennal spines mu h long-er than wide ,~u(ker rod. of3-4 elem n

Fi!(Ut't' In.-.~rgulu.o ch. llpo-aJt ru" : •. ant nnll: b. u ~r roo •

5

r ulu la da

h

•

2 (1) Mouth tube with spines or scales at base ... ..... ... ..... .... ... ... .. .. .... 3

2 (]) Mouth tube without spines or scales at base ........... . 5

a b c Figure 4.-Mouth tubes of: a. Argulus japonicus ; h. A . alo8ae ; c. A. rrwgalop8.

" .

3 (2) More than 15 elements in sucker rods . . . . .... Argulus funduli

3 (2)

4 (3)

Figure 5.-Sucker rods of A rgulus funduli.

Less than 15 elements in sucker rods

Mouth tube with spines at base ( ee Fig. 4bl. Sucker rods as in FIgure 6 .......... .. Argulus alosae

Figure 6.- ucker rods of Argulus a/oaM .

4

.. .4

f iKur 7.-!:-iu kl'r rod or.~rKu11U m a/oIU.

4 (:1) Mouth tub with seals at ba. e ( e Fig. 4e). u ker rod. a Figure 7 •..• rRu/u. m galop

fi (2) More than!) element In ueker rod . . . .Argulu.\ japonicu.~

Figure .-Sucker rod or Argu/WI japorltcWl .

Fi (2) Le than 6 element In ueker rod

6 (5) Antennal pine nearly a wide a long . ueker rod, of 4-~ element

FilfUn 9.-Argu/WI lattca.uda: a. antennae; b. uck r rod .

-a

l1 un nt nn I ~pine!i much long-er than wide . ,'uck r rod, of3- J m'fl

FilfUrt· 10.- ~n/U/U

•. linl nn.; b.

a

i 1 More than 8 elements in sucker rods ................... .......... . ......8

i 1) Less than 8 elements in sucker rods . .................... .. ....... .......9

(7) More than 12 elements in sucker rods .................. ..... . ... Arbulus stizostithi

Figure H.-Sucker rods of Argulus 8tizo8tethi.

(7) Less than 12 elements in sucker rods .... . ...................... ARgulus catostomi

Figure 12.-Sucker rods of Argulus cato8tomi.

~~ __ 6

9 (7) More than 8 element in ucker rod

9 (7)

) 0 (.9)

. A rgulu. uer iralor

figurl' I~ .- Suck('r rod or ArKul ... lo r i('.olor,

L HS than 3 element. in. ucker rod

Ba~al element of sucker rod longer than terminal o •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• , 0 , 0 0 ,A.rl?uluo~ maculoo~us

Figure II Sucker rodR of rgullUl m ('ulo .....

Rn~Hl element of sucker rod "horter than terminal .. , .. , .. , . Ar:!u/II appt'ndlcu/o. u

ul. p nd. I

1

ANNOTATED SYSTEMATIC LIST

The 11 species of Argulus known from the north-eastern United States are arranged alphabetically. Notes on the distribution and hosts of each species within and without the study area are included. Comments on

,ecology and frequency are included wherever appro-priate. An asterisk denotes new host record .

Argulus alosae Gould 1841. Distribution : east coast of North America from Nova Scotia to the Gulf coast of Texas. Hosts: Microgadus tomcod; Tautogolabrus adspersu s; Alosa pseudoharengus; Dorosoma cepedianum; Clupea harengus; Cynoscion nebulosus; Gasterosteus sp. [originally reported as G. bispinosus from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Wilson, 1902)]; Strongylura marina ; Rhopilema verrilli* (medusa). This species has been reported from several species of inshore marine fish but its repeated occurrence on clupeids (Alosa, Clupea, and Dorosoma) may indicate a preference for that host family.

Argulus appendiculosus Wilson 1907 . Distribution : northern half of United States from Vermont to Vir-ginia west to Wyoming and also Texas and Loui-siana. Hosts: Catostomus catostomus; Ictiobus cyprinellus, /. bubalus; Ictalurus punctatus, /. melas, /. nebulosus; Amia calva; Micropterus salmoides; Morone (Roccus) chrysops; Perca fla vescens; Cy-prinus carpio; Stizostedion vitreum; Dorosoma cepedianum; Lepisosteus osseu *. Argulus appen-diculosus has so far only been reported from fresh-water, but since one of its hosts (Dorosoma) is found in coastal marine waters as well, the parasite may also be eventually found there.

Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick 1837. Distribu-tion: northern United States from Massachusetts west to Minnesota. Hosts: Catostomus commersoni, C. catostomus; Hypentelium nigricans ; Erimyzon sucet-ta; Cyprinus carpio; Notemigonus crysoleucas. So far this parasite has been found only in freshwater and on members of the families Catostomidae and Cy-prinidae.

Argulus chesapeakensis Cressey 1971. Distribution: southeast coast of United States from Chesapeake Bay south to Sapelo Island, Ga. Hosts: Opsanus tau; Archosargus probatocephalus*; Arius felis*; Mugil cephalus*; Gobiosoma bosci*; Paralichthys dentatus; Dasyatis americana*; Pteroplatea maclura*; Rachy-centron canadum. This species has so far been col-lected only from the southeast coast of the United States. It is closely related toA . laticauda, found along the northeast coast.

Argulus funduli Kroyer 1863. Distribution: east coast of North America from New Brunswick, Canada, south to the mouth of the Neches River, Texas, collected at several localities between. Hosts: Menidia notata; Lagodon rhomboides; Pseudopleuronectes ameri-canus; Cyprinodon variegatus; Fundulus grandis, F. heteroclitus, F. majalis, F. ocellaris. This species is common along the entire east coast of the United

8

States and is most oft en associated with mafln e cyprin odonti ds.

A rgulus japonicus Thiele 1900. Distribution: entire United States. Hosts: Carassius auratus (goldfish). T his argu lid is an in troduced species brought into the United 'States from t he Orient on aquarium fis h . It is very common anywhere goldfish are fou nd. 1 0 records from marine water" to date.

Arf{ulus laticauda Smith IBn. Distribution: northea. t coast of United States from . ew England. outh to Long Island Sound. Hosts: Prionotu.~ sp.; Anf{Ullla rostrata; Pspudoplpuronectes amencanus. Common on (he American eel and winter flounder of the north-ea. t coast.

Arf{ulus maculosus \Vilson 1902. Di. tribution: ea tern half of United, tales and outhea. tern Canada a far we. ( as Iowa ami collected in northern and outhern-most (ates . Hosts: lctalurus natilis, f. nebulosus; A.mia caiL'a; Ambloplites rupestris; Enm.\zon . ucetta; Esox sp.; Umbra limi; Lepisosteus osseus*. Thi common argulid ha so far been collected only in fre hwater.

Ar{?ulus me{?alops , mith 1 n. Di tribution: ea t coast of orth America from ~ew Brun wick, Canada, to Florida . Hosts: a wide varietv of in hore marine fishes (recorded from 16 pecie ) with no indication a to host preferences.

Ar{?tlius stlzastethl Kellicott 1 O. Di tribution: north-eastern quarter of the United tate from Iowa and Minne. ota east to ~ew England and ~ew Brun wick, Canada. Host: SalL'elinu~ fontinalis; . tizostedLOn L'itreum. S canaden.~e: AClpen. er fulL'escens; E ox masquinong\: Aloso sapldi. sima; Ga. terosteu p.; NotroplS sp.; ('ore{?onus sp.; Dorosoma cepedia-num *. This para ite eem to be re tricted to tho e . tates near the Great Lake and t. Lawrence River. All collection. are from fre hwater except that from Dorosoma from Wood Hole, Mas.

Ar{?tlius L'ersicolor Wil on 1902. Di tribution: cattered throughout the eastern half of the nited State. Recorded in Massachu ett . Maryland, Indiana, Georgia, and Texas. Hosts: Esox niger; Ambloplites sp.; and "perch." 0 far there are no marine record for this species. but four of the recorded states are marine coastal.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

CRESSEY, R. F. 1972. The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiural of the United

States. Bioat of Freshwater Ecosystems. Environmental Protec-tion Agency, Identification Manual No.2, 14 p.

MEEHAN , O. L. 1940. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the genus Argulus in

the collections of the United States National M useum . P roc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 88:459-522.

TOKIOKA . T. 1936. Larval development and metamorphosis of Argulus japoni-

euo

3,6, 3, 5, 3, 4,

1,3,4,5, 3, 5, 3, 7,

.3 4,5 3, 6, 3, 7,

1

1

punctatw IctlObw

bubalw

1 canad TIS 1 v,trt>um

tro lura manna Talau Taut fOlab Umbra m,

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Preparat ion of the" Marine Flora and Fauna of t he Northeastern United States" is bein!( conrdinat~d hy the followin!( Board :

Coordinatin!( Editor: Melbourne R. Carriker, Colle!(e of Marine tudies, Univer-

sity of Delaware, Lewes, DE 199.';8.

Editorial Advisers: Marie B. Abbott, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods

Hole, Mass. Arthur G Humes, Bostom University Manne Program ,

Marine Biological Laboratory, Wood Hole, Mass . Wesley . Tiffney, Department of Biology, 80 ton Univer-

sity, Boston, Mas. Ruth D. Turner, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har-

vard Univer, ity, Cambridge, Ma. s.

Roland L Wi!(ley, National Marine FiRherie ,ervice Northeast Fishf'rie>! ('enter, NOAA, Woods Hole, Ma

Robert T. Wilce, D partmenl of Botany, University of Ma8-sachus!.'tts, Amherst, MaqR

The Boarn, which e. tablished the formal for the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the orthweRtern Unite • tates," InVites systematists to collabornt in the preparatIOn of manual, reviews manuHcripts , and adviMes the, cien ific Editor of the

at IOnal Manne Fi. h rie~ , cr.·ice. Th dillst rat ions wen' done bv Hillary Boyle. The manu-

snipt Wi] "ntindly reviewNI by Roland Wi~ley and Arthur Iillnlf's . '[ hI' rnatl'rtab unn rprord embndied in thi paper are h011 I'd In Ihl' 'ational,\111 urn of '8 ural Hi tory. Wa,hing-tnn, [) ('

COORDINATING EDITOR' COMMENT

Pubhcation of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the :-.Iorth-eastern United States" is most timely 111 view of the growing Ul1l-versal emphasis on environmental work and the urgent need for more precise and complete identification of coastal organi m than has been available. It i mandatory, whenever po ible, that organi ms be identified accurately to species. Accurate scientific names unlock the great quanti tie of biological infor-mation stored in libraries, obviate duplicatIOn of Ie earch al-ready done, and often make pos ible prediction of attributes of organisms that have been inadequately studied.

Roger Cressey tarted working with para itic cope pods and branchiurans a a graduate student at Bo ton Univer ity in 1958. After receiving hi doctoral degree 111 196.'i he joined the staff of the National Museum of atural Hi tory, mith onian

Marine Flora and Fauna of the ortheastern United States:

Institution. Hi ludle on para i ic elU lacean have re ulted in O\er 10 puhlication . He ha. conducted field work in the Indian O('(;,lIn, ;\Innaga, ar, I)U hea tern Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of :\le. 1('0 off the we t coa·t of Florida

Prl'paration of thi. manual wa upported in part by a grant from the Jo:m'lronmental Protection gency to the Editorial Board of the ":'>larine Flora and Fauna of the :--:orthea tern l'niied ,~tate .. " Work on the ":\!arine Flora and Fauna of the 4 '''rthen. tern l'nited ~tate " by the oordinating Editor i up-ported b\ the C"llege of :'larine . tudie. 'niversity of Dela-ware.

:'!anuals are avadable for purcha e from the uperintendent of Document, L' Gm'ernment Printing Office. Wa hington, o 2040:2. The manuals '0 far publi hed in the erie are Ii ted belo\\ :

Circular

COOK, DAVID G., AND RALPH O. BRDl'KHURST. Annelida: Oligochaeta. BORROR. ARTHUR C. Protozoa: Ciliophora.

374 37 384 386 387 389 394 397 398 399 403 405 406

MOUL, EDWIN T. Higher Plant of the Marine Fringe. McCLOSKEY, LAWRENCE R. Pycnogonida. MANNING, RAYMOND B. Cru tacea: tomatopoda. WILLIAMS, AUSTIN B. Crustacea: Decapoda. POLLOCK, LELAND W. Tardigrada. LARSON, RONALD J. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa. CA VALIERE, A. R. Higher Fungi: Ascomycetes, Deuteromycete , and Basiomycetes. COULL, BRUCE C. Copepoda: Harpacticoida. CUTLER, EDWARD B. Sipuncula. PAWSON, DAVID L. Echinodermata: Holothuroidea . HO, JU-SHEY. Copepoda: Lernaeopodida. HO, JU-SHEY. Copepoda: Cyclopoids Parasitic on Fishes. CRESSEY, ROGER F. Crustacea: Branchiura.

tl U . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1978-796-751 f l8 REGION 10 10

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