marine fisheries research, management and development ...2.2 the vessel and gear the survey vessel,...
TRANSCRIPT
Marine Fisheries Research, Management and Development Project
Marine Fisheries Resources Survey Demersal Trawling BGD/80/025/CR6
Survey Cruise Report No. 6 December 13-21, 1985
By T F White FAO Team Leader/Senior Fisheries Biologist
United Nations Development Programme, Food and /.\griculture Organization of the United Nations
BGD/80/025/CR 6
Chittagong Bangladesh July 1985
ii
Information provided in this Cruise Report is the result of analysis of data obtained during the survey cruise. Any interpretation of these data represents the opinions of the authors alone and does not necessarily represent the opinion of the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Similarly, the designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area. or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.· ·
I " "
SUMMARY
Daylight trawling was conducted on 41 randomly selected stations, ranging in depth from 1 5 to 105 metres, with an average overall catch rate of 137 kg/30 minutes trawl.: ing, The density decreased progressively between the shallow and deeper waters, the mean catch rate in the 10-20 metre depth zone being nearly fcu times that of the
deepest zone.
The most abundant species in the overall catch ware the round and hard tail scads, Decapterus maruadsi and Mega!aspis cordy/a respectivelv. These were followed by jewfish, hairtail, Lepturacanthus sava!a, Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus, catfish and goatfish, Upeneus su!phureus
Approximately 33% of the total catch consisted of so called "pelagic" species of ftsh. Few species in the survey catch were of any commercial value, due to their type or size.
Penaeid prawns were poorly represented, contributing less than 1 % to the total survey
catch. The overall demersal biomass calculated for the survey area was 230,000 m.t. although caution should be applied to any interpretation of this result due to the large associated variance.
The estimate of prawn biomass was 1200 m. t. but again, little confidence is attached
to this value.
No surface fish schools were observed.
The water over the survey area was somewhat clearer than during the previous cruise, although no significant change in the ocean conditions could be observed. The circulation pattern observed during earlier cruises appeared less pronounced.
Cruise No. Duration No. of trawl stations completed Cruise J .. -eader Biologists
CRUISE DETAILS
: 6 : 9 days from December 12-21, 1985 : 41
Mr W N Chowdhury : Mr Zubair Ahmed Chowdhury
Mr SA Ouayum Mr SA Khair Mr Shahnewaz Khan
\
IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 The Survey Area and Selection of Trawl Stations 2.2 The Vessel and Gear 2.3 Treatment of the catch 2.4 Data Analysis
3. RESULTS 3.1 General 3.2 Distribution and Abundance of the Major Species
3.2.1 Bathymetric distribution 3.2.1.1 10-20 metre depth zone 3.2.1.2 21-30 metre depth zone 3.2.1.3 31-50 metre depth zone 3.2.1.4 51-100 metre depth zone 3.2.1.5 101-200 metre depth zone 3.2.1.6 Summary- Bathymetric distribution
3.2.2 Geographical distribution
Page 1
l 1 1 2 2
3 3
3 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8
3.3 Distribution and Abundance of the Most Common Species in the Catch. 8 3.3.1 Family Sciaenidae (Jewfish) 9 3.3.2 Family Carangidae (scads) 9 3.3.3 Family Trichiuridae (Hairtail) 9 3.3.4 Family Nemipteridae (Threadfin bream) 1 O 3.3.5 Family Ariidae (Catfish) 1 O 3.3.6 Family Mullidae (Goatfish) 10 3.3.7 Family Scombridae (Mackerels) 1 O 3.3.8 Family Engraulidae (Anchovies) 11 3.3.9 Family Stromateidae (Pomfrets) 11 3.3.10 Family Penaeid prawns 11 3.3.11 Other Species 12
4. STANDING STOCK ESTIMATION
5. PELAGIC FISH
6. OCEANOGRAPHY
7. COMPAR!SION WITH OTHER CRUISE RESULTS
12
14
14
15
v
UST OF TABLES Page
1. Percentage Composition of the Catch by Family for each Depth Zone and for the Total Survey Area (Listed in order of occurrence in the total catch) 3
2. Average Catch Rates Obtained (All species combined) by Depth Strata 6
3. Total Density and Biomass 13
4. Density and Biomass of Penaeid prawns 13
5. Secchi Disc and Surface Water Temperature Measurements 15
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Survey area showing position of stations
2. Survey area showing the zones into which pooled length frequency samples were allocated
3. Catch rate (kgm/30 minutes haul) versus depth of trawling (metres) for
total Catch - Al I species
4. jewfish, Family Sciaenidae
17
18
19
20
5. catfish, Family Ariidae 21
6. hairtail, Lepturacanthus savala 22
7. indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta 23 8. spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus 24
9. lizard fish, Saurida spp. 25 10. white Pomfret Pampus argenteus 26 11. round scad, Decapterus sp. 27 12. hard tail scad, Megalaspis cordyla 28 13. pony fish, Leiognathus spp. 29 14. goatfish, Upeneus su/phureus 30 1 5. bulls eye, Priacanthus sp. 31 16. threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus 32 17. anchovy, Setipinna taty 33 18. anchovy, Sto/ephorus sp. 34 19. anchovy, Co/ia sp 35 20. penaeid prawns 36 21. Distribution of total fish stock over the survey area 37 22. catfish, Family Ariidae 38
23. hairtail, Lepturacanthus savala 39 24. indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta 40 25. spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus 41 26. lizard fish, Saurida spp. 42 27. white pomfret Pampus argenteus 43 28. round scad, Decapterus sp. 44 29. pony fish, Leiognathus spp. 45 30. yellow lined goatfish, Upeneus sulphureus 46
Vi
Page
31. Distribution of bulls eye. Priacanthus sp. 47 32. threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus 48 33. anchovy, Setipmna taty 49 34. penaeid prawns 50 35. hard tail scad, Megalaspis cordy!a 51 36. Length frequency histogram for lizard fish, Saurida tumbil 52 37. yellow lined goatfish, Upeneus su!phureus 53 38. indian mackerel, Rastrel/iger kanagurta 54 39. hairtail, Lepturacanthus savala 55 40, white pomfret, Pampus argenteus 56 41. chinese Pomfret, Pampus chinensis 57 42. grunter, Pomadays hasta 58
43. Secchi disc measurements in the survey area 59
44. Bathythermograph profiles 60
APPENDIX A
RESEARCH VESSEL R/V "ANUSP..NDHANI"
APPENDIX B ENGEL HIGH OPENING BOTIOM TRAWL
APPENDIX C SURVEY LOG SHEETS
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to understand more about the abundance and distribution of the living marine resources within the Bangladesh continental shelf the Bangladesh Government, with the assistance of FAO, commenced a comprehensive survey programme in September 1984.
Initially, the investigations concentrated on the demersal resources, which were sur· veyed using a 32m. research vessel with a high opening demersal fish/shrimp trawl. A series of cruises were planned to cover both the summer monsoon (April-September) and winter (October-March) periods. Due to the widespread influence of the monsoon discharge of the Ganges/Brahmaputra river system into the northern Bay of Bengal it was important that the survey be conducted during both seasons. This report covers the sixth of a series of cruises conducted over the winter period.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 THE SURVEY AREA AND SELECTION OF TRAWL STATIONS
The survey area extended from the 10 metre depth contour in the north and east, to the 200 metre depth contour in the south. A line drawn at 45° from the southern tip of St. Martins Island was considered to approximate the Bangladesh/Burmese marine border in the south east. In the west, the survey area extended to the Bangladesh/ Indian marine border, but in practice no trawling was conducted west of the eastern edge of the "swatch of no ground". The survey area, together with the 10,20,30,50, 100, and 200 metre depth contours is outlined on all Figures used in this report.
Fifty trawl stations were selected prior to the cruise on a random basis covering the entire survey area. Stations ranged in depth from 15 to 105 metres. The survey area and selected stations are shown in Figure 1.
Previous trawl surveys conducted in these waters had found very low catch rates in waters deeper that about 80 metres. In order to maximise the information obtained from this cruise, it was decided to exclude the 100-200 metre depth zone from this survey. Thus the survey area actually extended from the 10 to the 100 metre, not the 200 metre depth contours.
The most practical cruise track to cover these stations was selected by the captain of the research vessel in consultation with the cruise leader.
2.2 THE VESSEL AND GEAR
The survey vessel, the R/V "Anusandhani" is a 32.4 metre "multipurpose" research vessel, although principally designed for stern trawling, constructEd in Japcn in 1979. Details of the vessel are provided in Appendix A.
The trawl net used was an Engel high opening fish/shrimp trawl with a cod-end mesh size of 32mm. Details of the fishing gear are provided in Appendix B.
2
A Furuno FUV-11 echo sounder was run occasionally throughout the survey cruise. In addition, a Furuno FH-103 sonar was operated when steaming in water deeper than 50 metres. The sonar beam was set at an angle of 10° and swept a forward area between 30° to port and 30° to starboard at an average beam range of 800 metres.
A retrievable bathythermograph, manufactured by Ogawa Seiki Co. Ltd. Japan was used to take temperature profiles at selected stations. Secchi disc transparencies and surface water temperatures were taken at all stations using a standard 30 cm diameter white disc
and 0-51°c thermometer and bucket respectively.
2.3 TREATMENT OF THE CATCH
Stations were trawled during daylight in order to avoid any possible bias in catch rates due to day/night variations in abundance. All hauls were of 30 minutes duration, the time commencing when the net reach the bottom, a,s determined by the net-sonde and terminating when hauling commenced. If trawls were discontinued within 15 minutes of shooting, they were considered invalid and the results discarded.
The catch was sorted into species and each weighed separately to the nearest 0.25 kg. In the event that the catch in a particular haul exceeded 500 kgs (approximate) than it was subjectively subdivided into two equal portions, one of which was sorted and the results then doubled. In the number of individuals of any species present in the catch was less than around 20 then the numbers of that species in the haul was counted in order to calculate the average weight of that species. If the number was greater than this, then a weighed sample was usually taken for length/frequency measurement and the average weight calculated in this manner.
In any event, samples of 50-200 fish were selected randomly for length measurement for most species in the catch, where the species were clearly identifiable. As the taxonomy of the catfish (Family Ariidae) and jewfish (Family Sciaenidae) was confused no length measurements were made for these two Families. Lengths were in ems, fork length.
2.4 DATA ANALYSIS
All data were recorded on proforma sheets which are shown in Appendix C. A Hewlett Packard 86 B microcomputer was used to store and analyse the catch, length frequency and oceanographic data, using programmes written specifically for the purpose. From ~hese data, density and biomass estimates were calculated as described in Section 3.4.
For the analysis of the length frequency data, the survey area was subdivided into eight zones, as shown on Figure 2. For each species, samples taken from within the same zone were pooled and a single histogram produced for that zone. The histograms were then plotted onto the maps of the survey area in the position where the samples were taken.
3
3 RESULTS 3.1 General Forty one of the fifty randomly selected staticns were trawled successfully. One haul was aborted after only three minutes of trawling after incurring net damage from a submerged stake net. Eight other stations were found to be untrawlable due to the presence of large numbers of gill and/or stake net operators in the near vicinity. Most of the aborted stations were in depths less than 25 metres and all were along the eastern side of the survey area. The following is a summary of the stations successfully trawled by depth zone. The positions of these stations are shown on Figure 1.
Depth zone 1 0-20 metres 21-30 31-50 51-100 100+
No. of successful Hauls 2 7 2
27 3
Total: 41
Bathythermograph profiles were taken at two stations, and secchi disc and surface water temperature readings taken at all stations.
3.2 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE MAJOR SPECIES Table 1 below lists all families or species groups caught during the survey cruise in order of their contribution to the combined total catch of the 41 stations. Their percentage contribution to the total catch of each depth zone is also illustrated on this table. It may be seen that while some families may have contributed relatively little to the overall catch they may have made up a significant proportion of the catch of a particular depth zone. "Trash" here is defined as small fishes, which because of their size and variety could not be identified/sorted with reasonable accuracy, together with sponges, molluscs, small crustaceans etc.
TABLE 1 Percentage composition of the catch by family for each depth zone and for the total survey area. These are listed in order of occurrence in the total catch.
FAMILY
CARANGIDAE (Jacks, Scads, Trevallies etc) SCIAENIDAE (Jewfish) TR!CHIURIDAE (Hairtail) NEMIPTERIDAE (Threadfin bream) ARllDAE (Catfish)
10-20
1.52
50.00
.95
8.52
DEPTH ZONE (METRES)
21-30 31-50 151-100 ]101-200
9.50 2.60 17.37 13.83
19.79 2.00 .16 1.78
1.96 1.20 11.64 4.35
.12 3.20 7.40 37.15
1.29 11.59 9.06
TOTAL %
13.27
8.26
7.55
7.02
6.86
4
DEPTH ZONE (METRES) FAMILY TOTAL
I 10-20 I 21-30 31-50 151-100 [ 101-200 %
MULLI DAE 10.66 (Goat-fish)
22.79 4.80 6.63
Trash Fish .38 1.47 3.60 8.49 6.32 5.89
SCOMBRIDAE 3.58 4.86 6.77 9"68 5.66 (Marckerels and tunas) STROMATEIDAE .76 7.29 10.39 5.38 5.44 (Pomfrets)
LEIOGNATHIDAE 16.79 15.99 .61 5.12 (Ponyfish)
ENGRAULIDAE 22.73 1.72 8.24 3.76 4.71 (Anchovies) SYNOOONTIDAE .76 1.65 8.79 5.57 .40 4.23 (Lizardfish)
SKATES AND 2.94 3.86 2.86 RAYS
PRIACANTHIDAE 3.68 10.08 2.80 (Bulls Eyes) CLUPEIDAE .80 (Herrings, Sardines,
3.25 .59 2.08
Shads etc,)
TRIACANTHODIDAE 2.65 6.99 1.73
ARIOMMATIDAE 1.24 10.67 1.44
MENJDAE 3.92 .40 .73 1.31 (Moon fish) SPHYRAENIDAE 1.40 1.71 3.36 1.30 (Barracudas)
CRUSTACEANS .95 .99 .08 1.00 1.38 .96 (Prawns)
.19 .55 .80 .92 CEPHALAPODA 1.28 {Squid, Cuttlefish Octopus} CARCHARHINIDAE .76 2.08 .56 .83 (Sharks) TETRAODONTIDAE 7.58 .06 .55 (Puffer Fish) HAEMUUDAE .76 1.53 .19 .50 (Grunts, Sweetlips) ELOPIDAE .37 .80 .31 .31 (Tarpon) CYNOGLOSSI DAE .57 .40 .40 .15 .40 .27 (Tongue Soles)
5
DEPTH ZONE (METRES) TOTAL FAMILY
10-20 21-30 31-50 / 51-1001101-200 %
PSETTODIOAE .28 .40 .29 .26 (Indian Halibuts)
HOLOCENTRIDAE .19 .74 .13 .25 (Squirrel fish, Soldierfisn)
CHIROCENTRIDAE .49 .20 .21 .24 (Wolf Herring)
SicklefishEs .67 .15
SERRANIDAE .25 .09 .11 (Groupers)
LACTARllDAE .49 .11 (False Trevallies)
RACHYCENTRI DAE .01 .12 .07 (Cobia)
HARPADONTI DAE .76 .05 (Bombay Ducks)
FORMIONIDAE .06 .20 .05 .05 (Black Pomfrets)
FISTULARllDAE .08 .07 .05 (Flu temouths, Cornetfishes)
TERAPONIDAE .12 .03 (Terapon Perches)
POLYNEMIDAE .12 .03 (Threadfins)
EPHIPPIDAE .12 .03 (Spa de Fish)
LUTJANIDAE .06 .02 .03 (Snappers)
GERREIDAE .05 .03 (Mojarras)
CRUSTACEANS .12 .01 .03 (Other)
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3.2.1 Bathymetric distribution The average catch rates obtained during the survey are shewn on Table 2. The "range" is 2 Standard Errors of the mean. The species composition of the catches in each depth zone are shown on Table 1,
TABLE 2
Depth zone Average catch rate Range No. of hauls (metre) ( Kg/30 minutes haul)
10-20 378 17,390 2 21-30 121 113 7
31-50 130 84 2
51-100 80 34 27 100+ 85 24 3 Average 137 1,998
Total : 41
3.2.1.1 10-20 metre depth zone
Only two hauls were made in this depth zone for an average catch rate of 378 kg/30 minute trawling. However in this case, the "average" is misleading, as the catches from the two hauls were quite different.
Exactly half the catch from these two hauls consisted of jewfish (Family Scianenidae) and a further 23% of the anchovy Co/ia sp. Catfish (Family Ariidae) reprEsented 8.5% of the catch. No other commercially valuable species were reprEsented in any significant amount
3.2.1.2 21-30 metre depth zone
The average catch rate from the seven hauls made in this zone was 121 kg/30 minutes trawling, only one third the rate of the shallower zone. Jewfish were again the dominant species, with 20% of the catch. However anchovies and catfish were practically absent. Instead the most significant species after the jewfish were pony fish. Leiognathus sp. (17%) goatfish, Upeneus su/phureus (11 %) and Carangids (10%) Cmainly the hard tailed scad, Megalasp1s cordy/a and lesser amounts of Atropus atropus. Spike fish, Triacanthus brevirostris, which have no commercial value, represented 7% of the catch.
The only commercially valuable species besides those above was the Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus which contributed 3.6% to the catch in this depth zone.
3.2.1.3 31-50 metre depth zone Only two hauls were conducted in this depth zone. The average catch rate was 130 kg/30 minutes trawling, similar to that in the 21-30 metre zone.
Jewfish were practically absent from these two hauls. Catfish, pony fish and goatfish were still well represented however with 12%, 16% and 22% of the total catch respectively. Anchovies were again represented. with 8% of the catch, although the species
7
was Stolephorus heterolobus and not Co!ia sp. as they were in the hallow water hauls. The Spanish mackerel contributed nearly 5% to the catch.
Lizard fish (Sauridaspp.) were well represent€d, with approximately 9% of the catch,
3.2.1.4 51-100 metre depth zone
More than half of the total number of trawls conducted during this survey cruise were made in this depth range. The averge catch rate was only 80 l<g/30 minute trawling, approximately half the rate of the hauls made in depths between 20 and 50 metres.
Carangids, represented by Decapterus maraudsi were the most abundant species in the catch (17%) followed by hairtail, Lepturacanthus save/a ( 12%) and catfish (9%). The first two of the above had been poorly represented in the shallower water catches. Japanese threadfin bream. Nemipterus japonicus and Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta were two other species that contributed significantly to the catch from this depth zone (each approximately 7%) and which had been poorly represented in the shallower catches.
3.2.1.5 101-200 metre depth zone
Although the mean catch rate in this depth zone (85 kg/30 minutes trawling) was similar to that in the 51-100 metre zone (80 kg/30 minutes trawling) the species composition of the catches from each zone were quite dissimilar.
More then one third of the catch of the three deepest hauls consisted of the Japanese threadfin bream. Ariomna indicum, bulls eye, Priacanthus sp. and Indian mackerel each contributed a further 1 C%. The only species present in any significant amount ~n the 101-200 metre zone which was also well represented in the 51-100 metre catches was the round scad, Decapterus maraudsi.
Catfish were absent although they were present in all other depths.
3.2.1.6 Summary - Bathymetric distribution
As observed during all previous cruises (with the exception of cruise No. 5), there was a decline in :average catch rates desending from the shallow to the deeper waters. Catch rate in waters deeper than about 50 metres were around 50% of those between 20 and 50 metres and these latter were in turn about 30% of those made in the 10-20 metre zone.
Catches in depths under 30 metres were dominated by the anchovies, pony fish jewfish and to a lesser extent the scad. With the exception of jewfish, these species are more typically considered as pelagic or mid-water fish.
Between 30 metres and 100 metres, demersal species such as the goatfish, Japanese threadfin bream and catfish tended to increase in relative abundance (although anchovies and pony fish were still present in noticable amounts).
In the deepest trawls, the Japanese threadfin bream was by far the largest component of the catches. The other major species were once again pelagic fish, mackerels and
The relationship between the depth of trawling and catch rates for all species combined and for specific Families or species are illustrated on the follcwing designated
figures :
Total catch (all species combined) Jewfish (Family Sciaenidae) Catfish (Family Ariidae) Hairtail (Lepturacanthus sava!a) Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) Lizard fish (Saurida spp.) White pomfret (Pampus argenteus) Round scad (Decapterus sp.) Hard tail scad (Megalaspis cordy!a) Pony fish (Leiognathus spp.) Goat fish (Upeneus su!phureus) Bulls eye, (Priacanthus sp) Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus ;aponicus) Anchovy (Setipinna taty) Anchovy (Sto!ephorus sp.) Anchovy (Co!ia sp.) Penaeid prawns
3.2.2 Geographical distribution
Figures
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Catch rates obtained at the 41 survey stations are shown on Figure 21 plotted according to the locations of the respE:ctive stations. Catch rates have been arbitrarily subdivided into four categories, viz. under 10, 11-50, 51-100 and greater then 100 kg/30 minutes trawling. This Figure provides a general overview of the distribution of the demersal stock over the survey area.
There was no 0bvious pattern to the distribution of total catch rates over the survey area, adjacent hauls producing widely different results, Much of this variation in due to the presence of so many schooling pelagic species in the catch.
3.3. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF MOST COMMON SPECIES IN THE CATCH.
The following speciE:s/Families were most common in the survey catch. Not all are
considered to be commercially important, although determination of which species have commercial importance and which do not must be subjective, influenced by the fish marketing situation in Bangladesh and the acceptability of these species on export markets. The size and type of the fish are both important factors to be considered.
This does not imply that other species not mentioned would not have some retail value, or at least be suitable for reduction to fish meal. However because of their size, abundance, or type it is considered that most trawler operators would consider them uneconomical to sort and handle and would discard them as "trash". The amount of fish
9
considered as "trash" by this definition would be considerably higher than that categorised as "trash" on Table 1 on the basis of sorting during our survey activities.
3.3.1 Family Scianenidae (jewfish) At least four separate "types" of jewfish are recognized on the Bangladesh markets (although these do not represent four species). In general, size is the main criterion for price in the local markets, not species. No attempt was made to differentiate between species in the survey catches.
Half of all fish caught in the two hauls made in the 10-20 metre depth zone were jewfish, as a consequence of a catch of 135 kg of jewfish in one of the hauls. The catch of jewfish in the second haul was zero (Figure 4)
Similarly, in the 21-30 metre depth zone, jewfish represented 20% of the total catch, but again a result of one relatively large catch of 160 kg. Very few jewfish were landed in the other hauls in this depth zone.
Jewfish were practically absent from all hauls made in water deeper than about 30 metres. More than half of the jewfish caught were less then 15 cm in length, and many were less then 10 cm. Thus, although this Family of fish contributed nearly 19% of the catch in the 12-30 metre zone and 25% of the catch in the 31-50 metre zone, they are of limited economic value due to their relatively small size. Jewfish of all sizes are marketable in Bangladesh, but prices offered for the smaller fish are generally very low.
3.3.2 Family Carangidae (scads)
Carangids, which included the hard tail scad, Megalaspis cordy!a, round scad Decapterus maraudsi, Atropus atropus and Carangoides ma/abaricus represented 13% of the total survey catch. The overall mean catch rate was 10 kg/30 minutes trawling.
Carangids were present in all depths, although if the catches of individual species are examined (Figures 11 and 12), it is apparent that round scad were limited to the deeper waters (greater than 70 metres) while conversely, hard tail scad were only caught in depths less than 70 metres. Round scad represented 17% of the total catch of the 51-100 metre depth zone and 14% of the 101-200 metre :zone catch. The mean catch rates of this species in these two zones were 7.4 and 18.7 kg/30 minutes trawling respectively.
Most of the round scad were caught in the "central" area of the deeper section of the survey area (Figure 28) and the hard tail scad in the "central" area of the shallower section (Figure 35). Catches of both species in the eastern or western sections were low.
3.3.3 Family Trichiuridae ( hairtail)
Hairtail. Lepturacanthus savala were present in most of the survey hauls (Figure 6). Although they represented nearly 12% of the total landings made in the 51-100 metres depth zone, the overall survey catch rate was only 4.5 kg/30 minutes trawling. The
. average catch rate in the waters shallower than 50 metres was only around 1 kg/30 minutes trawling.
10
As with the carangids ( 3.2.2) the highest catches of hairtail were made in the ··central" part of the survey area (Figure 23). Several size (age) classes of hairtail were present in the catch. In the central and eastern sectors of the survey area, the average length was around 40 ems and ranged from around 30 up to 75 ems. In the west however, the fish appeared to be much smaller, with a mean length of only 15 ems (Figure 39). Hairtail are traditionally sold as a dried product in Bangladesh. 3.3.4 Family Nemipteridae (threadfin bream)
Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus represented 37% of the total catch from the three hauls made in the 101-200 metre depth zone, where the catch rate averaged 36 kg/30 minutes trawling (Figure 16).
They were absent from the catches made in depths less than about 50 metres, their density generally increasing with depth thereafter. They were widely distributed thro-
-ughout all deeper waters of the survey area (Figure 32).
Practically all of these fish were less then 20 cm in length and about 30% were less than 15 cm (Figure 36). Thus, although relatively abundant in the deeper water catches, they would be of limited economic value.
3.3.5 Family Ariidae (catfish) Catfish were caught in most hauls made during the survey cruise, although they were notably absent from the three hauls made in water deeper than 100 metres (Figure 5). They represented nearly 7% of the total survey catch, with a mean catch rate of 11.4 kg/30 minutes trawling.
As with several other speciEs of fish caught during this cruise, the highest catches were made in the '·central" section of the survey area (Figure 22). Local markets in Bangladesh do not discriminate between the various species of this Family. Price is again determined essentially by size (and condition), generally being somewhat higher for the larger (30 cm and above) fish. Most of the catfish landed during this cruise were "larger" fish, in excess of 300 grams and are readily marketable in Bangladesh. 3.3.6 Family Mullidae (goatfish) As with catfish, goatfish, Upeneus su/phureus were present in most hauls made during the survey with the exception of the three deepest hauls (Figure 15). The average overall catch rate was only 4.4. kg/30 minutes, trawling although this rose to 30.5 kg/30 minutes trawling in the 31-50 metre depth zone. The highest catches were made in the eastern side of the survey area (Figure 30).
The average length of the goatfish landed during this cruise was 12.5 ems and ranged from about 9 to 14 ems (Figure 37). Although goatfish are popular in European markets, fish of this size may be difficult to sell.
3.3.7 Family Scombridae (mackerels) Although Scombrids represented only 5.7% of the total survey catch (10% of the 101-200 metre depth zone catch), they are an important commercial group of fish, Two main species were landed, the Spanish (spotted) mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus, which was in general restricted to the shallower waters less than 30 metres in depth (Figure 8) and the Indian mackerel, Rastrel/iger kanagurta which was conversely restricted to the deeper waters, beyond about 70 metres (Figure 7). The overall average, catch rate of the former species was only 1.38 kg/30 minutes trawling and the latter 2.9 kg/30 minutes trawling.
11
The highest catches of the Spanish mackerel all occurred within a relati\·ely small area in the north central section of the survey area (Figure 25). Indian mackerel catches were widespread over the entire deeper we:ter area (Figure 24).
In the central and western sectors of the survey area, only a single length (age) group of Indian mackerel were present in the catches, with a mean length of 17 cm. In the eastern sector however, a second larger group was also present, with a mean length of 20 cm (Figure 38). Whether this represents a second age group of fish, second stock or perhaps even a second species is unknown.
3.3.8 Family Engraulidae (anchovies)
Anchovies were represented in catches from all depth zones and from the entire survey area. In fact 23% of the total catch of the two hauls made in the 10-20 metre depth zone consisted of the anchovy Co!ia sp. This relatively high proportion was due to a large catch of these fish in one of the two hauls (Figure 19).
In the deeper waters (25-35 metres), Co!ia sp, was replaced by another anchovy, Sto/ephorus sp., which was encountered in two hauls (Figure 18). Beyond 50 metres depth, a third species, Setipinna taty in turn replaced Sto/ephorus and this species was present in at least half the hauls in the 51-100 metre depth zone. (Figure 17). S. taty was caught mainly in the deeper waters on the eastern side of the survey area (Figure 33).
The average catch rate of anchovies was around 2 kg/30 minutes trawling, although individual hauls yielded as much as 60 kg.
3.3.9 Family Stromateidae ( pomfret)
Although white and chinese pomfret Pampus argenteus and P. chinensis represented only 5.4% of the total catch (10.4% of the catch of the 31-50 metre depth zone), they are an important species economically in Bangladesh and have a high export demand.
More than 80% of the pomfret landed wero white, not chinese pomfret. They occurred at all depths, although the highest catches were made in depths less than 50 metres. The average overall catch rate was 6 kg/30 minutes trawling, but this reached 63 kg/ 30 minutes trawling in the 31-50 metre depth zone (Figure 10). Pomfret were distributed throughout the entire survey area (Figure 27).
In the deeper waters and in the northern shallow areas. one length (age) class was present in the white pomfret catches, with a mean of approximately 20 cm. In the north eastern sector (off Cox's Bazar), a second smaller group was present with a mean length of 4 cm (Figure 40). chinese pomfret were generally larger than white pomfret with a mean length of 26.30 cm (Figure 41).
3.3.10 Penaeid Prawns
· Penaeid prawns are the most valuable marine resource in the Bay of Bengal and are the basis for the present Bangladesh marine trawl fishery. The dernersal trawl used during this survey was not designed specifically for prawns and thus the catch rates obtained are not considered. indicative of potential commercial catch rates. Also catch rates of penaeid prawns are usually higher at night than during daylight and as our trawling was restricted to daylight, lower catch rates could be expected on average than those of commercial trawlers which fish 24 hours per day. The catch rates do however illustrate the relative abundance and distribution of penaeid prawns throughout the survey area. The major species captured were Metapenaeus spp., Penaeus monodon, P. semisu/catus and Parapenaeopsis sculptilis.
12
Penaeid prawns were poorly represented on this survey cruise, contributir.g less than 1 % of the total survey catch. They were caught at all depths, more or less equally distributed across all depth zones (Figure 30). The average overall catch rate was only 0.7 kg/30 minutes trawling. with the highest catches taken in the "central" sector of the survey area (Figure 34).
3.3.11 Other species
The above list does not exhaust the total number of species that were landed during the survey that have, or could have commercial importance. For instance. the silver lined grunter, Pomadasys hasta was occasionally present in the catches, but the average catch rate was less than 1 kg/30 minutes trawling.
Length frequency distributions for this species and the lizard fish. Saurida tumbil are shown on Figures 42 and 36 respectively
4 STANDING STOCK ESTIMATION
An estimate of the standing stock present in each of the above depth strata and for the total survey area was made using the "swept area" method. The results are presented on Table 3, below.
In order to reduce the variance, geometric, rather than arithmetic means were used for these analyses (described by Pauly in the report prepared from the FAO Marine Fisheries Resources Survey and Exploratory Fishing Project in Burma Fl/DP/BUR/77/003, Field Document 6).
An escapement factor of 50% was used forthe calculation of biomass, i.e. it was assumed that 50% of the fish in the path of the net avoided capture by escaping through or around the net. Trawls were generally conducted against the current whenever possible at the same engine revolutions and propeller pitch. The average trawling speed was calculated to be 3.0 knots.
A large proportion of the catch consisted of "pelagic" species such as scad, mackerels, anchovies, pony fish etc which are typically associated in schools. With these species, it is generally believed that trawl warps can have a "herding" effect by directing fish not directly in the path of the net into the net. Thus, in calculating the "spread" of the net for the swept area biomass estimations, the distance between the otter boards, rather than the net wing tips should be used. In spite of this, in order to ensure that the results from this survey cruise were more or less comparable with the other cruises of this series, particularly as far as the "demersal" species of fish were concerned, the distance between the wing tips was actually used in the biomass calculations.
This distance was 18.0 metres on average. Using this value, the &rea swept by the net during a 30 minute trawl was calculated to be 0.111 km2• As a result, the biomass estimation for the "pelagic" species in particular and by extension, the total biomass also, will be somewhat overestimated.
13
TABLE 3
Total Density and Biomass
Depth zone Area Density Density Biomass Range No. of
(Metres) (Km2) (Kg/Km2
) Range (M.T.) Biomass Hauls
10-20 6,861 15,096 695,111 103,572 4,769,149 2 21-30 3,369 4,833 4,500 16,284 15,161 7 31-50 3,400 5,208 3,338 17,706 11,347 2 51-100 17,710 3,184 1,368 56,390 24,229 27 101-200 10,880 3,406 974 37,056 10,595 3
Total/ Average 42,220 5,472 79,875 231,008 3,372,320 41
Note the large variance associated with the calculations for the separate depth strata.
This is particularly evident in the 10-20 metre depth range. The catches of the two hauls
made in this depth range were so different that the density and hence biomass cal
culation are meaningless. However, ignoring the variance for the moment it would
appear that the overall stock density decreased steadily with depth, the overall average
density being around 5.5 m.t. per km2• The overall bio;n:iss was around 230.000 m.t.
ranging from 0 to 3,600,00 m.t. a meaningless result !)
Prawns demand special attention, as they are of considerable economic importance to
Bangladesh. Except for the fact that the highest density of prawns was found in the
10-20 metre depth zone, and this cannot be taken as a reliable result as only two hauls
were made, there was no obvious relationship between the density and depth. The esti
mated biomass was between 500 and 1900 m.t.
TABLE 4
Density and Biomass~ Penaeid Prawns
Depth zone Area Density Density Biomass Range No. of (Metres) (Km2) (Kg/km2
) Range (M.T.) Biomass Hauls
10-20 6,861 52 118 354 808 2 21-30 3,369 27 26 91 88 7 31-50 3,400 4 1 13 2 2 51-100 17,710 19 6 330 104 27 101-200 10,880 38 68 413 737 3
Total/ Average 42,220 28 17 1,201 714 41
Discussion about the potential yield of fish and shrimp that could be extracted on a sustained basis from these stocks will be postponed until! all cruises in the winter series are completed and a more comprehensive set of a data are available upon which to base such a calculation. The above estimations of density, biomass etc should be used with caution, in view of the relatively small number of hauls involved.
'14
5 PELAGIC FISH The s:rnar was operated periodically while cruising between stations in water deeper than 50 metres. in shallower waters, bottom reflecticn make interpretation of the echo difficult. In addition the fish finder/echo sounder was run continously throughout the entire cruise. No schools were observed on the sonar and very few, small schools were observed with the echo sounder, and these latter unusually close to the bottom. The species comprising these schools could not be determined. In spite of the absence of sightings, round scad and hard tail scad were the major species in the overall survey catch, contributing 13% of the total. Indian mackerel contributed a further 5% or so. In fact the so-called "pelagic" species, including the above, pony fish, hairtail and anchovies represented approximately third of the total catch.
6 OCEANOGRAPHY Oceanography per se was not intended to be a major research activity of the survey programme. Nevertheless, as the distribution and abundance of fish in the survey area were likely to be influenced by the seasonable monsoonal discharge of the river systems in particular it was considered useful to measure certain parameters. Turbidity, as determined using a standard secchi disc was measured at nearly all stations. The results are plotted on Figure 43 and shown on Table 5. The water was generally clear (visibility 10-20 metres) over the whole the survey area with the exception of a relatively small area west and north of Cox's Bazar. This was more or less the same situation that had been observed during the previous cruise,/ although the "brackish" water influence may have retracted further to the north since, There was no evidence of any pronounced circulation pattern. As indicated on Figure 44, water temperatures were constant to a depth of 10-15 metres thereafter they increased by 4-5°c to a thermocline which varied in depth from 20-40 metres. Thereafter, temperature declined steadyly with depth. These patterns suggested that mixing was minimal, the surface waters cooled probably by a combination of cooler water run off from the land and as a result of the cooler winter air temperatures. Surface water temperatures were recorded at all stations. These are shown on Table 5 below. They ranged from 24.2°c to 26.6°c.
Secchi disc and
Date Latitude Deg. Min
201284 21 27
211284 21 8
201284 20 57
201284 20 51
191284 20 45
191284 20 45
191284 20 35
191284 20 33
191284 20 32
TABLE 5 surface water temperature measurements
(see also Figure 54) Longitude Surface temp,
Deg. Min (Deg C)
91 37 24.4
91 30 24.4
91 23 24.7
91 22 24.4
91 22 24.6
91 31 24.4
91 54 24.4
91 59 24.4
91 52 24.4
Secchi Depth (M)
1.0
3.0
10.0
12.5
13.0
15.0
13.0
15
TABLE 5 (CONTD)
Date Latitude Longitude Surface temp. Secchi Deg. Min. Deg. Min. (Deg C) depth (M.)
191284 20 31 91 45 24.2 12.0 1812-84 20 27 91 28 25.0 181284 20 25 91 23 25.0 11.5 181284 20 25 91 20 24.5 13.0 181284 20 31 91 12 25.0 10.5 181284 20 29 91 5 25.0 17.5 181284 20 41 91 11 25.0 13.0 181284 20 51 91 3 25.0 10.0 171284 20 45 90 55 24.8 171284 20 40 90 46 24_8 13.5 171284 20 32 90 50 25.0 13.0 171284 20 20 90 51 25.2 16.0 171284 20 28 90 42 25.0 17.0 171284 20 34 90 32 24.2 13.0 161284 20 42 90 6 25.3 161284 20 48 89 54 25.5 161284 20 52 89 42 25.8 13.5 161284 21 1 89 36 25.8 14.0 161284 21 7 89 58 26.6 14.2 161284 21 18 90 5 25.8 12.5 151284 20 52 90 19 24.9 17.0 151284 20 55 90 24 24.8 16.3 151284 21 6 90 23 25.8 15.0 151284 21 7 90 32 25.4 19.0 151284 21 9 90 40 25.4 11.5 141284 21 4 90 40 25.2 141284 21 7 90 48 25.4 11.0 141284 2.1 7 90 55 25.4 13.0 141284 21 11 91 2 26.4 10.0 141284 21 7 91 5 25.1 9.5 141284 21 27 91 20 25.3 1.2
7. COMPARISION WITH OTHER CRUISE RESULTS
This survey cruise was the sixth of a series of similar cruises in the same survey area
that have been conducted since mid-September 1984. The results obtained during this
cruise were in general similar, in terms of the species composition of the catch, as
those obtained during the last cruise, No. 5. Japanese threadfin bream, catfish, goat
fish and hairtail were once again among the most abundant species.
However, there was a considerably higher proportion of "pelagic" species in the catch
from this cruise particularly the scad and Indian mackerel, which had beed present
during some of the earlier cruises, but were less noticable during cruise No. 5.
16
The overall biomass estimate of 231,000 m. t. was more or less in line with that of cruise No. 5 (250.000 m. t). although as discussed, the large variance associated with this estimate renders the result somewhat meaningless.
Penaeid prawns appeared considerably less abundant during this cruise than on any of the previous cruises, but again, as a result of the relatively small number of hauls involved and the large resultant variance undue significance should not be plac€d on this result.
There was little evidence of any water circulation or mixing over the survey area which had been present during the earlier cruises. Water clarity had improved further over the survey area suggesting a reduction in the sphere of influence of the fresh water discharge from the land. Surface water temperatures were almost the same as during cruise No. 5.
m c 0 m 0 -!-) +> ..... ..c: u
(f) c 0
·r-1
_µ 0 .µ (f)
----...
L 0 N 0 Ill
..... . : ..
:• .... . : ... ..
17
.... ...
. · :
.... ·x·· . ....
..
. .· - ..... - .. ,x_·.· ......
.· x x
x
:
-~
I \ \ .. . ·. ' \ ' ........ , . ·.
x · .. x· . .· .. 'I.
' ' ' I X •>< · ... x ! • ____ /____ x x '
---- x : L~ ~ x I ' :
..
CD
0 z
OJ (/)
:J L
LJ
,---" : X,: I <----, x I ,---- '." '· I : x ' I '\ : : X X I ~ . : \ ff! :/ .... °' I
' .x:: 0 ...
·--r . ii x r / ·~ X X I I •• I
I :,.· X .• : ( ~ I \ : x x :
\ I
I:• : I I
\ . ' x : ; I
I : :,>< x ' i I • I • Q : : . . :
I ' • X q ' ' I 6
: : I I 6
' ' ' . ' '
: >f. . . : / x 6
• I • • 6 , 6
I '· x I / : .:.: : I I
/ .x / 4 • • • Q \ ' \ I
I D
' . . .. '
·a1
I • • Q
((::·.:::· • j '· .. ,--.. •• 6 ......._, ...... . x :
---, '• I ... . ' ' • D
'I. • I
\ .... - : ' D I I
' I ---..:__ / -- , -- , .... ___ , .... _ ,' --------.... _.,.,,'
-LL
L 0 N 0 m 0
"' ...
18
. • .·
·11 • •• ••• . .. .. .,. ....
..... . ~ ' ...
.·
·.
. ' . .. ...
l I
,/ I
' I .. \
' \ \ q
l ' I I ,
.· ; .· .. ..
: •
. .. : I
l • 0 :
: : : I 8 I I I I
8 ,
... _,· ; :
: : .. .. 8 ,
8
.. .. '. q
8 Q
... ·
.. : . .. .. ..
:
---, .. , .. . . . .
--------__ ..
... .. . ...
. . ~
. . . .. . . . . . -.. , , .....
.·
.U'i ~ c 0
N c 0
c ~ ::J 0 ~ lL ..c. ......, CJ) c O)'
_J
:
: . .
.·
I I e ,
0
I , I , ,
I I I I I
- ... • I 'I. • I "• I "• I ..... .• I " ··"' a " I ~ . I ~ ---- , :.::>;2; ---.... _,/ o_. ..... _ ... -.. .
;:!$ ............... -.. ,,' .. __ ,
. .
.·
I I I I I
: I
' I I I I I I ,
q
/ q ,
0 , I I
I , I I 0 I I I
I I
I \ \ \ \ \
I I , I I I I I I I I ,
I I I I
'
19
0 -- ...... ......
x 0 -- 0 ......
x xx x x x ~ -- 0
0) x x x
x x x -- 0
CD
x x x x
x --x
0 ['--
x x x -- 0
CD
:::c x u ,..... I- E < x ....,, u 0 -- ID :::c _J I- ~ < a.. I- x w 0 Cl I-
x -- 0 LL """'"
-- 0 x (T)
x
x x
x x x 0 -- N
x x
-- a ........
·1 I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I
ID 0 ID 0 ID 0 ID C) ID 0 ID [' ID N 0 [' ID N 0 ['-- ID N 0 N N N N - ....... - ......
(LI 1 WOE I 6)1) 1..p+oJ
.QJ a
'"O ..... c QI a ..... "O (/)
>. ..... : or:i. E 0
LL
x
x
a N .......
a a .......
20
a CD
q co
0 N
x
I
a
q
q a .......
a Ol
a CD
q co
a ID
q ""3'
a Ci1
q N
a .......
a
,....... "'1" E .._,
.. :::x:
~ I-a... w Cl
u..
QI a
-0 .... .... L < >..
...-! .... E a
LL
a If)
a (Y)
21
x
x
a N
x
x
x
x
x
x :X
x
x
a
a -.......
a co
a m
a "Cf"
a (Y)
0 N
a .....
,.... LO E ~
:r: I- (!) a.. w Cl '-
u_
0 co
0 l.f)
22
0 (T)
0 N
><
0 ...... Cl
0 (\j
0 ......
0
0 ..g.) L :J C") 0 c 0
.JC
L OJ C") .....
........
........ QI L
..g.) © 0
0::
Cl CJ)
x
a CD
Cl co
a ID
23
Q en
x
x x
x
a ..... 0
Q CD
Q .......
Cl co
Cl IJl
Cl "<:!"
Cl en
Cl N
0 ........
Cl
...... E ii:'-'-J
::c. I- ~ 0.. w Cl -
LL
24
(/) :J +> 0
+> +> :J 01
({) :J L 0 E >< 0 L. QI
..0 E 0 0
CJ)
><
><
N -
>< x
N a
0 0 __,
0 O')
0 CD
0 !:"--
0 co
0 U1
0 -q-
0 ('I)
0 N
0
,.... E ......
:i: .,_ 0.. w -0
0 C\I
CD ..... N .....
25
x
x
0
~ m
x x 0
N
x
0 .......
0
Cl) :J QI ~ c QJ C') L. 0
Cl) :J c.. E 0
0...
x
0 co
0 If)
x
26
C) m
x
C) C\I
x
x
x
C) .......
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
0 ....... .......
0 0 .......
0 O'l
0 ro
0 ["-...
0 co
0 If)
0 ""1"
0 en
0 N
0 ......
0
,.._ 0 E '-' -I I- (!) 0... w Cl
LL
. ·&
(/)
(/) :::l L QJ +> 0.. 0 (.) QJ
Cl
a Ul ......
x
0 (1') ......
0 (\j ......
0 ....... ......
0 0 ......
a O'l
x
0 ro
27
0 ["-..
a tO
0 Ul
x
x x
0 (\j
x
0
0
a-tO
"' -E -...._,
a :r Ul I- ~ CL w Cl
0
"""
0 .......
0
28
0 x ...... >.. \J L x 0 0
(/) ...... 0.. (f) 0 ...... a en cu
:::E
x x
x
x
('\J .......
x
x
x
0
0
a a ........
a O'l
0 CD
0 to
0 m
0 -<:!"
0 (l)
a ('\J
q ........
0
N ,,..... E ..--
"'"" ::::r: I- (.!) 0.. w 0
LL
. a.. a. (I)
(/) :J .c +> 0 c O') 0 .... C!I
_J
x
a N .......
a a .......
29
0 co
x
a N
»<
x x
a
a ....... .......
a a .......
a OJ
0 CD
0 co
a l.f)
0 ...i-
0 CT)
Q N
a -a
'"' M
E -'-"
:::r: a- ~ Cl. w Cl
LL
(/)
:J QI L :J
..r::. CL ...... :J (/)
(/)
:J QI c QI Q.
:::::>
x
a CD
0 lf1
x
30
a en
a (\J
x
x x
x
><
a .....
x
>< x
x x
x
x
a
a
a a .....
0 0)
Q (D
Q !:"--
.Q co
Q lf1
0 "<:t"
0 en
0 (\J
0 .....
0
.....:!' r-.
EE ~ '-'
I I- ~ a.. w 0
LL
. o_ o_ (/)
(/) :J
..r::. ~ c Cl (.) Cl ..... L
a.:.
Cl CT)
x
l..f') N
x
Cl N
31
x
l..f') 0 ....... .......
x
><>¢<
x x
x
x x
0
0 ....... .......
0 0 .......
0 (J)
0 CD
0 CD
0 l..f')
0 "tj"
0 CT)
0 N
a
0
'"' E ......,
I I-a.:. w 0
U1 -(!)
LL
(/) :J (..)
...... c 0 Cl.. IJ . .., (/)
r . QI ~ a.. ..... E QI
:z
0 It")
x
x
0 CT)
32
0 ru
xx
x
x
x
x
x
0 .......
x x
x><:x x xx
x xx
x x
x
x
0
0 ....... ......
0 0 ~
0 O')
0 CD
0 ["-..
0 co
0 If')
0 "'<!"
0 CT)
0 ru
0 .......
0
,,..... <D E ....., -:r I- 0 0.. w Cl
33
x
x x
x
x
;>... +> 0 +> 0 c c ..... Cl. ..... +> QI
en
U1 ...... (\j ........ CD
x
0
0 ...... ......
a 0 .....
0 en
0 m
0 ["-
0 CD
0 IJ1
0
""""
0 en
0 (\j
0 ........
0
t"""-,.... E T"-~
I I- (!) CL w 0
LL
. 0.. 0.. (})
(}) :J L 0
..c. CL (JJ
...... 0 +> CJ')
N C\I
x
0 N
CD , ...... CD N ...... ........
34
x
0 ...... N 0
0 0 ........
0 0)
0 CD
0 CD
0 iJ1
0 '<:!"
0 (11')
0 N
0
00 ,,..... E .._,
~
:::r: I-
~ 0.... w 0
LL
a. ~
d
0 u
><
0 co
0 If)
35
C) en
0 (\!
0 ......
0
0 ['-..
C) CD
'"' en E ~
CJ :c If) I-
~ c.. w Cl
0 ~ "'<t'
0 .....
0
0
36
><
x ><
>< ><
(/) r: ~ >< 0 L
0..
-0 ..... QI 0. r: QI
a..
x
><
><
. C\.I
(U 1 WOE / 6).1) ljO".l.OJ
><
><
><
><
><
Cl
Cl
Cl a ......
0 O')
a CD
0 c---
a CD
0 Ln
0
"""
a (T)
a C\.I
0
,....,, 0 E N .....,
::r: I-
~ 0.. w D
LL
I It
1---
' f I
<
50
K
g/3
0m
in °
{
:l
\ I
I II
Q
I 1
J1
5
0-1
00
-:
: : .. :
f
I , .
. 1
10
1-2
00
II
0 )
\~·;-.
\
4'7>:.
::::-----
--.,
>
20
0
,,
0 (d
' ..
. ·: .;
:;
' •
: :
• ••
...
. ...
. ..
,..,
. ,
••
-I
••
:
c}o
: ...
; .'..
·. .. .
. . .
. ~ ......
... _ ......
_
/ ....
... , {
:': r\
\ :. :'
:. : ; ·. '
, . ' I I I I ' ..
Co
x's
Baz
ar
,,'; :
. . .
....
....
....
·:.. .
. . . .
. ... .
..........
... ,~ _
_ ....
,.,.-
,.,,,..,,.
... ,,
\ ,. '
'"--'
',_,'
. .
. .#
,'
: .. .
.. . . ..
. . .. .
. .
. . .. .
.. . .
. .. '" .
.. ..-"'...
\-""''" ...
-4,
,... "'
.. ·. ~
·)
..
:.
. •
-•• :
.-•
-..
...
: •
• •
. •
• •
• ••
• •
0 .. o··
......... ·.
', \,-,
\ o
,,".
· ··
· · ··
. :.0
o·
•• :9
.:· · ·
·n: · ·
·l·9•
· ··
· ·
•·
• ·
" -s:
-,,
. .
o U
·· .
: . .
. --so
..
o .
. ..
.• . .
.
. ./J
,,-" ·
.' .
. .. . .
. . ..
.... :
......
.. : ~ .:
: ....
.. -_ ..
........
.... -
......
. :
0/
0 ··
.•
.0
••••.
1 <!
I ..
....
. ·SO
...
. 0
.. ..
I .
II:
0 0
····
.. Q
0
0 }
·· ..
. ·o
..
0 I
0
f I I I I \ I I I I I ',, ' ...
... ...... .. _
----
----
--- --
---.. .. _
.. _ -- -
.. .. _
TOTA
L CA
TCH
90
...,--
--eo
o-...
.,.,,.
... -- -.
. __
0 0
0 0
0
.. .. .
.. 0
0
0 . ...
.. ·
HH
r ..
....
.
-.. _ ---
----- --
----
--'2
flS-g
-t---
----
-
FIG
.21
0 0
0
----
... -----
-....
0 ...
0
....
..
·. I \
' ' \ I I \
\ \ \ \ \ I I I I
··o \
" "
O :
. .
0.
0 ..
. · .
92
I I ~ I I I
Chi
ttag
ong
DECE
MBE
R , ..
.... ,--
' , ..
1 ''\
, '
I l
,
0
l ,'{
,-
--'
r' I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I :
I I
I I·''
0 6
-10
I
I
I I
, .. 1
11
-20
I
I 0
) \I;
··\
/',
,,.-._
>
20
I I
0 /e
:f ~-
~ .. ~ :.:
'::.~~~'
.......
.............
l ,)
~·
.. :
.
.....
\
0 'l
:
: :
·. ... .
........
..._ 1'.
... '
I"
• •
• ..
..,
,...
....
\
' ,
.... \
\
G
' .
' ..
.. . .
. .. .
--
--,
... ,
' '
' '
'
.. ,
' : ...
, :
: .
' . .
:
• I
...
....
,'
:
• •
• •
.Q •
•
"°'-.
..,,,
,,-"
\I
\ 1'
1, _
_\
\_1\
0 I
I •• ••
..,
• ,.
,_ _
_ ,,
.... -
,
...
, ,,
,_
:•
'•
~
,' :
....
....
.. ·~
: .. .
. . .
. . .
,,
... ,...
....
''"---
id
....
...
·. ~
: .·
·•• ....
··-.
. •• :
:····....
0 .-
' .
o ,,.
...
·· ..
..
·o·
·0··
0··
····
····
20
...
·a.·
tf,
-.... ~
~~ . .
0
.• •
••
•• • ::
: :
....
....
.. :
· :-
.• 0
~!O •
• ~ •
•
• ••
• !1
....
....
....
.. : .
.. .
1VJ~6'
/ :
0 •
••
• •• :
•• ·-.~
·:~~·--·
-...()".
•• ••
/ ··•
....
.0
0 0
I I I I I I I I I \ I I I I I I ', '',,
..... .....
. ------
----
-......
...... .....
.
Cr •
•
..........
.. _ .....
...... .....
·o
Fam
i 1 y
..........
..........
........
ARI I
DAE
-.........
...
90
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
......
. 0
0 0
0 0
0
.. • ••
-•
·1-0
I} •.
••••
.
-... .......
........ _
___ ...
, ____
_ _ ----
'208
'9'1
'----
- ----
----
----
---
FIG
.22
0
0
....
...
:· ',, I I I I ,.,
" "
', \,-,
\ I I
·o
' ..
o.
0
92 \ ' \ \
I I \ \
\ \ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I \ I I I \ \ \ \
Ch
itta
go
ng
......
,--'
, ... DE
CEM
BER
< 11
-20
21
-50
I I
I I
' ,,
/\
/ ),
/:
I I/
I
,---
' :•
: I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I 1
I I
I I
I I
I /
I I
I l"I
I I
l"I
0 \
'~"'.\
I :
• I
• ,,
'
0 0
~.~:~'
?::.~~
~~~ .......
. ,,,,
>
50
I
I 0
(:-'
,.;,:'f
.
. :
. ...
.....
\ ..
.. ,
' ·. ',
.
' 0
',
: .
: .
.......
,.....
\
r I
. • •
''
, ....
..,.
\ I
I'\
\ r'
::-
,':
•• ••
• •
• .
. •
... ...
......
......
......
_
*"' ....
,'
'\
' I
' '
\
• •I
: :
. '
. . ..
.. ..
. ••'
I '1
•
• •
,Q •
•
-,
\ \
I I
I \
I I
• •
• •
• ',
; I
I ,
__
\ \_
I ~
,/ ,
'I
" ••
••
..
•
o •
' '
....
...
-..
. ,
....
....
.. -, _
_ ,
J/
.....
~"• '•
-...;;
,;;--...
. . ..
...
·::
..
. ....
....
"---
la
~
,,,,:....
····-.:.-
.............. :
... 0 ..........
.. 0 .......... 2
0 ..
. 0
.:~
...... -
...
.
· o
"·"
.'' ..
.. a.·
...
. .,
.. 0
90
o ".,
o
. .
.. ··
...
· ·
. ·
t;,-
,'~.
. . ..
.. .. .
. ... .
. ..
-.. ..
. -.
. .. .
.. .
.. 'I,
.}
I •
•'
• •·
'•
"• •
.
1rf'
,,: 0
• .
0 .... •
• ·o
· ....
..
-;
....
.. ·
50
...
.. ..
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \ \
...... Q
.,.
0 0
0 0
er ..
0 0
0
·o
0 0
0
·.
I I I I ' .. " '',·-, I I I ' \
I 0
·o
' I I I \,,
'.
0.
0 0
0 0
.. .. .
.. 0
0 ..
0 0
0 0
....
.. ·1
-00·
...
...
.
. . . .
. 90
FIG
. 23
\
' I I \ \
\ \ \ \ \ I I I I I I I I I I I I \ \ \
,~ ..
DECE
MBE
R ,--
' ,'
I '"
I\
l t/
I I
11
I
,---
' :•
l <
K
g/3
0m
_in
I
d I
\ :
I J
Q
\ I
I I
11
-20
I
I /
: :.
,/
I \
\•·I
0
\ '..
11·~,
21 -
50
I
I //
: •
/'..,
,.-,
>
50
I I
0 ,,--"
ff~
:~/"::
.~~~'
............
.... ! 0
~ ..... i.:
.
l •
-.....
.. \
0 ....
: :
: ·.
""'.......
.... ,,.
.. \
.. " .
: ..
, .· :
.. ....
: . :·',
, I I I I ' ...
cf·
: =· ~
• ··
· ··
· ·
• •
. •
.. .. _
____
_ ..
_ .. ,
,, ...
... ,,
\
: r\
\ I
• •
• •
• ••.I
L•• •
.
..,
,'
" I
I "--'
'-'
0 I
, •
•· •
• ..
• •
• •
' ...
,...
....
. .,
..-,
'
*' ~
:'
...
...
• 6
-••••••• "t
: ...
. : .
: . .
. . .
. .
',..,..,,
........
. ---
.,,,,.
,..-{,
'
. ' .. . : .
......
... .
.. '',.
,-,
.. «;c
.. I
• •'
•.: '• •
•'
• •.
0 0
.,,,, ..
;
....
.
······
·o"
....
....
29 ..
t'
O
•.-
,..
• •
A
o ''
• '•
A
..
• ,
• •
() ••
... •
•
"09
0
w
·.II
•
• ••
•• •
'!
;',-
,":
. .
. ...
... "·
....
. :
. . ..
. . ..
.
• . .
.
... ·
":1.J"
'' :
• • •
• • • •
•• ••
1,i',:
' 0
·· ..
;,··
····
.· ... ·
···
.. ..
. , I
•••• •
SB
. 0
/ ''·
···'l
....
0
II
0 0
I \ ·o
.. J
0 0
I I I I I \ \ ' I I \ .. , .... .... .... ------
------
.... .... ....
....
0
.. ... . .
.
'°'I
>-..
....
._~ -..
Rast
re 11
i g
er ka
~~gu
rta ..
........
II
0
0 0
0 0
. . .. • .
. ".
·1'0
0 ••
••. ·.
.... ---.--
------
-----"
2Cltl-
gt---
---....
90
FIG
.24
0 0 . ..
. . . .
.
----
----
----
0
"" ...
..
·.
0
·.
\ \ \ \
·11
' ·.
o.
0
· . \ \ I \
\
..
\ \ \ \ \ \ I \ \ \ I I ' \ \ \ \
er w CD ::::i!: w u w 0
0
•r-11
E 0 (T) ........ m
::s::
.. (\j
v
0
Ul I
Ul " (\j
0
.. r:-... I
Ul
L 0 N 0
m
.. -..
.·
•#. ••
., .. "' ....
41
... . ·
·. 0 •• .·
.. o···
• •••••••••••••••••• ~<I ••
.o .· 0
0
0
.•
Cl
0 Cl 0
0
Cl
0
' ' ' ' ' ' I B I I
' B I
' I
' g
' B 0 .,_ . . . .. i
,. . ' ' . ' ' Q '
', ~· ~ L
·-r o :- . r
,.---"" ~----, ---,'
I .·
.o
,' 0 0 I
~ 0' ... ·.- • .- I ,- ' ' ' . . . ' \ 0: 0 : , 0 I
I • I / ' ' ' ' . . ' ' . ' ' '
I · • I I .-;: " I g • • ' I • I
I I
' ' ' . ~ I D
I •1 ;.µ
A
! • :o t . . • q.>
/ . • f .µ I 0
I ~ I • ::.- I 01 , . . '
I .. . .• I ' ' \ I
,. '
(f) :J L
' . . .. .· ' j :·:.·· : . ... : I ' .. - q I
', '.. .. .. ' '· .· ,--- ' »?;' ', • : lil). ... ___ • '
o.., ', ·. : r~ \. B
v Q '. ii- \ .... - : ~o ~ : v.;~---- / '0 -- / 111s ------- ,, ..... -- , -.... ---.... ,,"' ........ _ .....
0 e 0 L OJ
..0 E 0 0
(j)
0 en
LO N
LL
1'',
,-
.... ,
..., __
_ ..,..
,...,
.f:::'.
••• •
• •
•
,. '
.......
5-8
9
-12
>
12
Kg/
30m
in
' '
' '
I I
0 0 0 0 ~.
·: :.: :
·.· .
.....,
,, ;)
..
:
. ... ..
0 ',
:
,,• I
•.
.... .
......
. ..,
,
... ,
P
I •
\ •
• ._
.,
, ...
... ,
\ \
G
t.
•• • ...... t
....
....
....
. ,
\I
. •.·
. . ,
' . ·
' .·:
.. · ... /:
• •
• •
••
• •
• ,Q
• •
--
... ,,
,,""
"'\I
\\
,.
1,_,J
:4)
,/ .·
' ..
.. ..
. ..
·' ....
... -.
... ,~_ ,
,,,-
,_ ...
, ... _~J'
,... :·
' ........... ·
:·
•••
•••••••
-6'
CJ
•••••••••
c;i.,
: •
• •
• •
•• •
: :
• • •
• •
• •
0
•· ,
•
0 ,,
' ...
0
. . .
. .. .
. •
. .
... ·.:
~:· .
...
....
·2
8·.
..
,' 0
.
..,...
,
.. ~
• •
• ••
O'
...
,Q
• •
• •
•• 0
90
0 ••
• 0
• •
• ......... .
()
/-':
' · ..
... ··
....
... :.
···-
.....
-··
. 'l..
J I
• •
•' •
• •
'•
•'•
....
• •
•
10~0 /
0 .••. • .. ~ ·5
0 •..
· ·~·
. ·.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \,, .....
. ' ......
••••
•• f:t ...
"
...... _
------
---- ....
..........
--.........
...
Sau
rid
a
spp.
--.....
..........
90
!l
·a
..........
..........
....... _
............
-.. 0
0
......
.. 0
0
0
Q 0 ·.
0 0
0 0
0
0 0
0 0
. ...
.. ·1
·00·
...
....
.
.. _ __
_ .... __
____
"""---
-----
"2tle
'9't-
----
FIG
.26
. ..
..........
____
____
__ -
0
0
....
.. ..
Chi
ttag
ong
·. ',
. '
·. ·.
I I I I ' .. ·. \
DECE
MBE
R
'
Cox
's
Baz
ar
\, ... , I I \ \
\
\ I \ \
\ \ \
\ I I \ I \ I I I I I I
'o
.. \ I I
..
€).
0
92
Chi
ttag
ong
, ....
DECE
MBE
R , .. -'
l
1 ,,
/\
I \
I I
l l•
' :
I 1
1 I
1---
I 1
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I l
I I
I l
I I
I I
I
< 11
-20
K
g/30
min
0
I I
0 :
\ \:'.
\ 0
\ lb
t1•\
I
• I
• 2
1-5
0
I I
/',
, ,-
, >
50
I
I 0
,,.--"
~-~:~
;.:T~,
~~,.
............
......
t 0
O.;J ',
:
•. :
.
...... .
......
\ I
• •
... i'
'-, .
. ,
\\
r '
1 •
" ..
. ,
,...
....
\
I r':
::-t
••
• Q
.....
... '
.._ t
\ I
"1
1'
.: •
•, • • •
• •
• • • •
. • •
. --
--,
-"I
\ I
I 1
\ I
. . .
......
,'
' \
,' •, _
_ , ,_,
0
I I
• •• ••
...
• ••
'""--',
....
... -, ...
....
, J'
, ...
~
,'
: ..
....
....
·::
. . .
. .
. .
. .
. ..
'-......
....
"'-i
tJ
'Iii.,
::
···-
••
·-••
:··
···.
..
0
,,,"
: . •:
. '
.. .;.
'
.. , ..
· :
. •
• :
't
•
.. :
... '
.. ...
o
.... ,,,
.,,..
. ...
....
. ·o ·o
· ·o ...
....
.. ·i
!S· .
•
'!::'
.-".
·.
0 ··
..
•· ..
: ...
....
., ..
09
0 ..
0
··.p
....
...
···· .
. ·
~,.,
-.. :
. ..
. · ..
......
......
~.: ...
... ·o
······
·····
....
i&]~o I ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \
0
0 ..
....
q ..
..
0 0
0
0 0
·o
0
·.,,
. '
'•
0
I I I I ,., ·. ', \,-,
I I \ \
I I I I I
0 ·o
..
I '', .... ,
..... .....
. ----
----
---
Pam
pus
--.....
........ --
-.. ......
.........
.... -- --... -
..........
........
arg
gn
teu
s ---
---
90
0 0
......
. 0
0
0 · ..
-. ·1
©··
· ..
..
------
------
------
~'St--
------
FIG
.27
0 0
0 ... . .
. .....
... __
____
_ .,.. __
0
.. - ..
....
..
0 ..
ti
, 92 \ \
I I \
' \ \ \
\ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Ch
itta
go
ng
, .....
,--'
,• DE
CEM
BER
t '"
/\
I
I I
I I
1,1
I I
I/
I 1-
--'
11
I I
I I
I I
I 1
I I
I 1
I ,I
I
I I
I I
,'
I
<
Kg
/30
min
Cl
I I
0 I
1 I·''
I I
I \I
t .1
0
I 1
, ..
1
I .\
''
I :
'
11
-20
2
1-5
0
I '
,.-.
_
,
~~' • • .
'.---"
" .....
, >
5
0
.I
I 0
,,"' c:-
, ... -
:;·:
···:
·.,
......
.
,,--
;;;,
.:'.
......
. :o
0
) •
• /
•. ...
.....
I
.·:
·. ',
. ' I
Co
x's
Baz
ar
rf.
I '
' •
' ,.
\
'1
I:
" ,, •'
' •
-..,,..
._ \
/ '•
•
• ..
..
I .,
I
Q
I ;
'• "
.,
••
• '•
.Q
•.
--..
....
"'
,, ..
.. ,
I I
(._
1
\ ~
1 1 •
• •
• •
• ••
•
" ',
, ..
1 1
I 11
I 1
\ I
"'<:;"
•
•,.,
• .,
_,.
, _
/ I
I l
I I
l'.
I •
• •
• •
• ,
, •
',
,. ..
.. \,
.,.,
./
I I
"-•
1_
1
O'
, .. • :
..
. . . •
..
.. .
. . ..
....
'"--4
1:1
.~ I'
,
••
• ..
•
•
':!:'
.. '~~ .
. ·
o ..
....
. ·.
, ··
····
·o ...
....
... 2
0 o
(J ,
-:
"C)
.... ,
Q •
•••• •
• • ••
..
.. () ...
......
. . ..
'l..
J I
• '•
"' '•
•
'• •
' 0
90
0
••
0
1
O,'
..
....
. .
......... ··.
v,
~ I
....
.. .
..~ ....
. _.
"·
0
I I / I I I I I I I I I ;' I I 1 I I I ',,, .....
. .. ........
····
.. o.
...•
... o
... ___
____
____
... .... .... ..
.. .... ....
-.... ·o
.... ....
'· ·
·· ·
5G
. o
" ()
00
()
0 a ()
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 ...
....
0 0
0 0
. . " •
....
. ·1
-00·
•••
.•..
------
... co,
,....
. •
.. ..
• o
, I
, . .. . . ..
.. : ...
......
0
Oec
apte
rus
spp.
.... .
... ....
. ---
------
------
"2tla-
g-~-
.. ··
-·
. . I
I I .... ',
·~
\,-,
.,
I
" I \\
\ I \,
0
e
" ·o
'
.. o
. 0
"
\\ I \ \ I I I I I \ I I \ \
J. --
~---
----
/ 92
.,
.-~-
~=~·
~-~
. .
. ~ :.::
:".:::;-
;:::.=·
·"'-"'""
".,::',::
,,:.: __ ,,
__ ~~,.~ .. ~-
~-~l
~.-·
.,··--
····~~
~--~··
····~-~
,. ....
FIG
.28
..f::>
..f::>
Chi
ttag
ong
DECE
MBE
R
Kg/
30m
in
0
11
-20
I
I 0
I I I I , __
_ /
I I I I I ' I
' I '"'
/\
I I
I I
1 I
1'
I 1'
I
,1
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I,
' I
', ...
0 )
,~''
2
1-5
0
I I
\ , .. ,
'~
" ·~,
/',
.... -.
. ,,.,.
, >
50
I
I 0
(:-'
8.~:.;
:.'.'"::
.~~. '
........
\ ::
; 1
, :
: l
.... ,
....
...
\
0 '
...
: ·.
........
, .... ,
\ (
l • '
....
, •,
-.,
____
,,
.... ,
\ I
('\
\
(.j
,' :
. .
.
• ..
. Q..
---..
..
,,~·\1
\
I I
\ \
I Q
I
' •
• •
• ...... •
',
.. ..
. --.,
,,. ..
. -,.
,. ..
. ,
,,,t
i \)
"-·
'-'
~
,' :
....
....
.. ·:
.:". ..
. . .
. . . ..
,.........
. ""-"
"'""
c;c.
: :
• • •
• •
• •
: ~..
..
• •
0
0 ,,
-·'.
; "
....
.. "
-
....
....
:'? ·'.
" ..
....
. 20
..
-.
...,...
,."'
.··
o ·o
····
a:
... o~:ioo
·.o
...
. ()
,-"' ...
. ..
. . . .
. . ... :
. . .
-. . ..
. . .
. ...
.
.·:
.. ,
' : ..
" :
:
' ".
.. . ··
o.··
. ...
..
· ...
......
... , , .. :·'
,, I I I I . .. •,
" ', · . \,-,
I I I ' 'I.
,)
' •
• •••••••
10~0
I ' '
0 . ..
......
. .
0 • ".
....
...
·50
•.. ·
0
I I I I I I
' I
I I ' I I I I I I / \, ,,
.. , .... ... _
...•
.. q ..
..
__
__
__
_ c
t _
_ _
..........
.. ----
Lai
og
nat
hu
s
'er"
..... --....
.......
spp
.
90
·o
..........
.....
0
..........
..........
.. ..... 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
·. 0
0 0
·o '
" 0
. 0
0
0 0
0 0
0
.. • ...
.. ·1
-00
•..
....
. .
..... --
.... __
____
____
____
_ "2f
!t!-g
-t---
----
- ....
... _
qo
__
...
. _
Cq
_
_
. . . ..
. ..
....
....
...
92
FIG
.29
\ \ I I \ ..
'\ \ I I \ I \ I \ \ I I \ I I
0:::: w m :::;£ w u w 0
-, ____ _
0
c
v
0
0 (\j
I
---....... '
L 0 N 0
(D
... : ·.: ··· .. , . .. ~ ....
46
.. . .. ..
·. •. 0 ·. .·
0 .. ·······
... . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. .0 ...
.o .· 0
0
0
N CJ)
I
' \ \ \
'
' ------ ' 0 :
'0 ·. 0 0 / ' r • ,
0
0 111 I
(\j
' ' ' •.
.. , ... --... ---, lli 0 ' ' : ,---" .. · 0. I <---- '
--' .; 0 :
:- 0 •• : ', 0 .. : ';> ·' • I ' m '
0
', °!'• $ I ·,. a • - t;, T :~ g r' .. • • r
0 111
A
. .. . ( ~: • " I ' ' ' ' • I ) :·Q'. 0 : ' ' : . . : ' 0 '
/ • 0 :
t ·' ; :· • I ' ' ' ' ' 0 ' ' ' ' '
. ' ' ' .. ' ' ' ' ' ' ., ' I • I ' ' : .. . ' ' : (J)
I o , ~ J " : w
I '"" I L I .. . ' . .• I ~ \ I ~ : :.- .. " I n_ ! ,_. I
/ ,,._ ... _ .. .- ~ I '-.' .'.' ,-c: .. . I ~ . . "~ ·-- 0 : ··o -, . '
":J \.. : ·o,, \'-. :
'I' ' . . .. I ~ ~ : v~;;------ /
......,'S -------- / ------ ," .... __ ,,
(/) :) (]j
c (]j o_
:::>
a CJ)
0 M
LL
,,
...... -....
...
l(:.; ;
~:T~,~.
, . ... .....
............. ...
Ov
',
: ~:
:
. ...
......
......
. r
I •
• ••
,.
_
G
I..
.. ··
····
-
,,,
; :
................... Q
•••
....£J
I •
• •
• •.
• ••
•
• •
• """
: :
:: ...
.. : .
....
. :5-
...... • :
,,'
. , ...
r..
....
. 0
&1-
" ..
""',
10.i'
/ 0
I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I I I I I I I , I I ', ' ........
, .....
·· ......
o ....
.
·o
, .... _
____
____
_ _ -... ---.
.. -- -... ....
..........
. --
·Chi
ttag
ong
, .....
,--'
.,. DE
CEM
BER
6-1
0
11
-20
>
20
Kg/
30m
in
I I
I I
I I
() 0 0
,--'
' : 0
I \ ' ,....
.... '
-... _
,,........
... \
' {'\
\
........
. ,-
''\I
\
\ I
' \
l ',
, I
I '--'
\ ...
I ....
--
.... ,
......
..... -,_
.... ,
J'
, ...
,,
...
"--i
tl
, ... ,
I ''
I\
/ t"
I ,'
,,
: ,,--
-:•
: I
11
I I
I I
I I
I I
I ·t
I,'-
I
/ •, \
:'.~
\ '~1
; ·~,
/ :
:
.; . •:
.. ,,
' ,
. .
·. ',
. '
. .
: .
.· .. ' .
. : .. -.
. , '•
·.
' I I I ' .. ' ' '•-
, . ..
..
. •
. 0
••
......
...
·. I
. . .
• ·5
13.
0
...
... . .
. •
• •••
·• •• :
i? .:·
•...
••••
29
. . ..
.
• .
0 •
I)··::~=
... o
go
o ·.
o ........... .
. ....
.. : ...
.. " : ~ .
: : :: : :
: . ~ -.. · ..
c).' ..
.. ~. : ..
. .·
· . 0
0 0
0
0 0
()
0
0 0
0 0
.. 0
0 . .
. 0
0 0
0
. . • ··
.. ·
·HlO
-•
• • •
· .•
() ·.
()
()
·.· ·o '
" 0
. I \ \ '\ I I ' \ \ \ ' \ I I I I 4 I I I I I I I I \•
I
..........
........
.... :"
' ........
..... --
Pri
acan
thu
s sp
p.
..... .....
. ..... ....
____
____
_ ------"2ml-g-t--
---~--
...... _.
____
... ___
... 90
..
....
....
. 92
FJG
.31
Chi
ttag
ong
,.-..
. --' , ..
DECE
MBE
R
Kg/
30m
in
0
I '"
I\
/ I
I I
l ~,
I I
,'
/' /
1---
I I
I I
I I
I \
I I
I ·
I I
1 I
I I
I I
I I,'
I 0
I I
6-1
0
11
-20
I
I
/ \
\:'.\
0 \
'•'•',\
I :
• I
• ,'
0 I
1''
, ,
.. ,
>
20
I I
,.,-
•"'
, "" _
__ ....
..........
. .'
~·.·: :
: :·.·
.. .....
... l
0 ~.....
. '
.........
\ .;:
) ...
: :
: ·.
... ......
-.. \
(0
'• :
.
.: ·.
.... ... ,,
,,..
. , ..
. , , .
... ,
\ (5
:
: ~
.. . .
. ..
. .
. •
. • .
Cl
-....
.. __
_ ...
-~/
\ \
: \
\ \
1'
" •
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
',,
,'
t I
"• .. J
\_
I 0
I I
• ••
...
• ••
~ _
_ ..
.. ,
....
....
-, -,
, ,.
,,
.. ..
, ••I
: :
.. :
I
..
.. :
... ' 1•
. ',
. ' I I I I ,..,
.' .. ..
', \,.-,
~
, :
....
....
.. ·~
.. ·. .
. .
. . .
. . ..
,.........
.. -
.... -i'f
l c;r,
, :
: ..
•
~ ..
: : .
. "
....
....
....
....
... ""
. •
0 • ,
' 0
•••
I ...
......
·.
0 ,,
'' ,;
•'
• •
o •
• •
v «
;U
..,.
':!::'
,, ..
•
0 ..
0 ..
.. ,
Q l
......... 0
90
0
·. !:
>.. .
. •
.. ..
.. .
1,,,i'
(' 0
·.
. .
....
. : ...
. ·. :
:.::
: >.:
:.··.b.:;
~.-:~:
:·.
/ · ...
....... 0
I
"" •
I \ I I I / I I I \ I I l \,, .....
', .....
. """'-
----
----
--.... ~ ..
.. , -...
0
·o ...
......
o
--..........
...... '...
-. ......
.
Nem
i pte
rus
Japo
~i-c
us--
----
---
ll
ll
ll
ll
0 0
.....
0
0 0
.. .. • .
. -
• ·1
iHJ-
••••
•••
...
--
0 ·.
0 0
.,. ..
....
.. .
o~
·Q I I \
\ \ ' I I \ .. '\
\ \ \ I I I I ~ \ I \ I I I I \ \ I
90
I
'----
----
----
---'2
tla-g
-t--
-92
I
----
-.... --
-----:
:.:-.=
!:::~-
·£""'.
,,,~--
-..... -----
.. -~.--
__,_-~
---~--
--·~·-
...._·
---· ......
.... ·~-~
FIG
. 3
Chi
ttag
ong
, .....
DECE
MBE
R 1
-'
" I
",,
I\
,' ),
/I
<
Kg/
30m
in
I I
0
I It
,---
' :•
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I;'
I I
I t•
•I
9-1
2
I I
I \
\"I
0 \
' .. 1.·~
, I
•
,,''
.
. ....
......
.
/',
,.-.....
,..,,
>
12
I I
0 (:-
" l(:
.; /::.
~.~~..
........
.. l
.;:)
' .· . :
.
..........
.... \
,.o
.... , :
. :
·. ......
........
,........
r .. , J
' ...
, \
rj:.
. I
' •
••
• •" .
. •
......
...
, ~
\ I
\ \
\ -..
..;.i
I :
• •
•• ,
Q •
•
""'"""'=
' .... ,
,.-"
'\I
\ t
I \
\ 1
I •
• •
••
',
, t
I "--·
\_I
0 I
I ••••
-•
••
• •
~--
... ,
,.
,,. ..
\_
... ,
.,,'
""'
~
1' .:
....
....
.. ·~
: ...
... ;
: ..
• ..
,...,,,..,
,. '"
-"'iv
«;t
.,_ I
• •
... •.:: 0
• • •' •.
0 O
,,';
..
. ..
. .
.. ..
. · ·
o ..
....
...
·29
· ...
':!:
:" , .
.. ~ •
• •
0 "'
....
.. :~
: ..
....
....
0 g
o ..
0 •.
• ~ ... ..
.,9,
1-''
· ...
....
....
....
. ~.
:···
· -~
... .
. ..
.. ,
' : ..
~ :
:
.•
..
. . :
. .
...
......
.....
. , "
1 ~()
/ .
Cij
l 0
0 ••••
....
...
·56
' ...
0
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
•••••• (t
••• ...
o· ..
·o
· . 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
·. ',
. \ .. 0
I I I I '~ .. ', \,
.,\ \ \ \ \,
\ I \
I I I I I I I I
0 0
0 0
··l)
. :. o ..
. .
'',,,
..... ' ..
...... __
____
-----
.... .....
. ... _
Seti
pin
na
........
....... .....
. .... ~ ....
...
taty
90 --
-...........
..........
. ~ ....
..........
. .....
........
0
...... ....
. .... __
____
__ _
.. . .
0
0 ···-··
1'00
·····.
..
..........
..... _"
21'9"
9t---
----...
FIG
.33
.. 0
0
. . . ..
• •
h
92
... ___
__ """ _
__ _
'\ \ \ \ I I I I I ' I ' I I I I ' \ I
0
0 •••••• Q
••••
0
o· ..
··o.
Pen
aeid
P
raw
ns 90
< 5-7
.5
>
7. 5
0 0
......
0
Kg/
30m
in
0
i I
I I
I I
.. ..
0
0
0 0
'•
0 0 0 ,. ..
..... ,,
~""
.' 0
I I I I , ... ,
'
-... '
' , ... \
\ \
\ :
I \
I I
I "--
1 '-
1 ,~
....
. .....
. 0
. ' .
. •'
·50
•.
0
0
0
...
0 0 0 Cl
·· ...
. -
. ·1
·00
....
.. .
FIG
.34
· Ch
itta
go
ng
r'-
. DE
CEM
BER
,--'
,.. I
'"\
I I
I I
I
,' /t'
,---'
, 1
I I
I I
I 1
I I
I I
I I
I I
I /
I I
I \•
't
I I
\••I
\
\1; ·
~, /
: :
. ~ ,,
: ••I
,'
:
·o···
. .· 0
0 ...
..
· .. ·
..
...
......
.. 0
. ' ..
.;. ..
....
.. .
·. ',
. '
·. 0
·.
' I I I ' .. " ', \.,-
, \ \ I \
·o
" "
0.
0
92 \
\ I I "· \
\
\ \ \ \ \ I I \ I I \ \ I I I I \ \ \
01
0
Chi
ttag
ong
Kg/
30m
in
0
,. ........
,--
' ;
' ,,
,,
/ ,~
/I
I I/
I
,---
' ::
: I
I I
I I
I 1
I
\ : :
: :
: ( .. :
I I
\"I
0 \
\.1:·.
\ 5
-7.5
I
: :
0 2
.5-5
I
I
I 1
,,'
/',
,-.,
>
7 5
I I
0 ,,.--
' ~:''
.:::':
:.:~~
..............
. _
• ! 0
~-···:·
. ..
-......
' .;),.;:
', ..
,.,
I '!'
.·:
" •
, I
.. ~
.. -~
·~ ', .
\
0 '
. .
:~
.......
,......
\ r
f. : :
1
• •
•• •
• •
• •
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
..
,, ...
~,
' '
(""'\
\
~
1':
• •
• • "•
• • • •
.Q •
. ...
.... ,,,
,.,-
'\I
\ \
l \
\ \
I •
I I
"--
1 '-
1 0
, ..
.. •
. ..
--
, ~
I •
• •
• •
• •
• •
, _
_
' ,.
,.""
1-
-, _. ,
/ '"
.' ,. .
' .. :
. .
0 ..
....
. . .
, .. "
I I I I ' .. ·. I'
.:
....
... :.
· •
• •
• •
• ..
....
..
O"--.v
.
;;;.
.. ,.
.. ..
...
....
....
....
~·.·............
. ..
....
20
...
. .. o··
_
,...
..
~~~·
••
(j
... ··Q
· ... a
....
.. .,
··C
9o
o ··
.. o
.
• ··
··.,
·"
.·
{}'1
-' .
. ..
...
· ...
....
: . .
.. .
. ..
. -
..
. . .
.. ..
'I.,)
I
1~0/
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I !
0
•••••• Q.
.....
'o· •
•
0 0
·o
.. ..
... .. ..
-.
0 ..
·so·
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0
"
\
DECE
MBE
R
Cox
's B
azar
'\,-,
I I \ \
\ I I \ \
b
\ \ \ \ I I I I I \ \ I I I I I ,. ·o
'
I I
·, o.
0
0 0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
· ...
.. ·1
·00
•..
....
. ..
. ..
90
92
FIG
.35
·,
Chi
ttag
ong
1''
, ....
...... "
40
30 %
20
N ..
11
__ .. ,.
.''
,, ....
r--'
l I
,,.
" I
\ '
I I.
~,
I
l /i
I 1
---
I I
I I
I I
f \
I I
I \
I I
I \
I I
I
I I
I '
I I
I•' I
{ \ ',
:-.•,
I "
• .\
I
• •
I •
•
(··
.; ... :~-
........
... 10
i~·-~:··=··.,·.,.
'' .......
.........
10
.·:
·. '-,,
. '
) .·
,· .:
·..
....,,
......
'. ..
.. . . .
. --
, .. .
. . . '.
....
........ "
"' ,,
,';'
•.
····
· ....
....
····
·-o
. '
, /
: ~·
•••
••
• •
·: ••
• •• ·:.
• •
• •••
0
V."
lfl1
t111
11r1
mlf
lihw
cil1
11Ji
m'b
t1ft
dlfl
lfl
, .. ~
• ....
I
: ··
· · · ~
.. ·
· "N.
-li!
:Jmd
-N:-
twwd
~-1
·wd
iJ..
t ·~· ·
· ~ ·
·,.
" •
'• •
• ..
....
....
,...
... 4
\1 N:6NMM~
• ,.,,
., . •
· ·
· ··
· .: ·
, .
Le
ng
t :
· ·
· ·
· · ··
. Le
n.gt
:
·. _,,,,~.
• •
....
• ·:: ~.
: •
• -i:
••• so
.. • ..
. .....
. D
.,.
..
• "
•• ••
• •
• •
••
• •
. '
' I I I .... ·.
, . ~
. . .
. . . .
. ....
I
,,, Il
l •••••••
......
......
1
, I , , , l , { ' J , I , t \ J l ' .... .... .... .... ....
.... .
... ...
..
------
-----C
llt ............
....
..
...... .....
. .......
ll!o
.._~
90
..........
.........
-. --....
••
d ••
. . . .
.·.
"so ..
· · 00
• · .
.
40
30 1.F
20
10
... ~. ·1
00-
••••
•.. ..
0
N .
. 61
..
"""'' ...
..... .... -
-------------
In In
11'1
Inlfl
lfllfl
11'11
1'111
'1 u;
lh'lf
l lfl
'lfj
In
lfl
--"2
tlsn.
_ __
_ .
·ru .¢
u> m
d"'.
.; u>
w.,..;
ru ..1
•
• 1-1"'
4 ~ i
---
.... -
4 .
._.
....
....
.. ro
C\L~
m
m m
-
....
------
....
....
__
C"O
~n
FIG
.36
DECE
MBE
R
\'•-
, I I \ \ · .
92
\ I I '\\ \ I I I I I I I I I I I ' \ I I
01
N
en :J OJ L :J
..c. o_
...-I
:J w en :J
~~ OJ
'C::::::). CL ::J
~ w co ~ w Ll w Cl
... ..,. __ ... -.. ... __ ,
... .. ~11 •••
.. ........ #
53
... . . . .· ........ ..
"
s "ti s "21 si:n S"B s "B CJJ s "t _J
S"Z s·
' \ \ \ \ I
.. ' .. ' ' t
I ··-------··, . I -- ' -- ' , ' ~-; J!! ' ' :
,---' '
"
~- I -- ' :· : I ' ' ' . ' ·- " ' / ' '. :ll " I ' s ~ ) ~ r
/ I I •' ,• I
,! •.· .. I ' ' ' '
\ ; I \ ' I I
/ ' ' ' : . . : ' ' , . .. '
/ : , : ' ! I ' • I l I ' , , ,
' , J ' : , '
' ' I • , I I I
I ' • I I I
J • • : I , , ' , ' I ' .:., f : ' :
' ... · ' ' ' ' ' I : I
:::···' . : ~=;;:·-···· I -- : ,. . . .. : '.;_;;,_,,,-- ...... < . . . . : ~-- • I ' • I .. . ' "• I
' • I \., •• ~ I " ' I I
,_ I
-- ' --.. I -- I -... / ..... --...... __ /
.................... ,,~ ... _ ... ,ti -
lL
50 1
40
30
I I I %t
20,' I I \,
10 0
'-.,
...... '~
... ..
. . . .
. ·
----
----
---...
~~
m
m
m
m m
m
m
m
m
m
m
'
N
4 ui
oo
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~QO
Len
th
50
40
30" %F
20
N,.
10
9
lfl
lfl
lfl
m
' 1\1
..t
ui
.· . ..
... . . .
..
· ...
. ...
......
.. ..
. . ~
(j" :
·. ·5
9 •..
·
40
30 %F
2
0
10
••. ~
• ·1
-00·
...
...
.
FIG
. 3
8
N .
. 35
2
·.
.... ·:
..
, '
.. ,
.· :
. ' .·
..
. . :
......
..... .
' .. ·. ',
. '
·.
I I I I ,, '
DECE
MBE
R
'\°""
_\ I \ '
92 \
' \ ' I \ \
\ ' \ \ " \ I I I I I I I I I I I I I \
50 1
40
30 I -' %'
f ' I 2C
l' -
I
10 0
' ,,
I
%F
20
,' ... ,
..........
_,,,
--" (:
-: /:
:.~~~'
...
......
......
. 10
!
i~ .
. l
• ..
....
\
,,
: ;
: .
......
.....
I'
\ I
• •
••
..., ..
. ~..
....
\ ',
,
... \
\ ]·'··
....
....
. ...
......
......
. ~"'\tr\\'
I :
: •
• .. •
•
.. .... ·O
-'
"'-
-.. ~ .. _
_
..=
t-1
-+-+
++
-t-+
-H--
1-i
""r"
!"'
\ ,
.,, _
_ ,
\_,'
, ....
,. ....
,--'
,• I
,._
I\
/ :,
/ 1
I II
I
,---
' f•
I I
I I
I \
I I
I I
I 1
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
/ \\:
'.I
\ \.I
: ·~\
I ;
• I
•
.\ .. ,
.. " .
: ..
, . ~ :
..
•
I
. . ..
:. :
:
Chi
ttag
ong
DECE
MBE
R
I I
• •
••
••
..
• •
• •
"'
... ,
-\
-l"
,' -
: •
• •
• •
" •
• ';
• •
• • •
: :
'
• •
• •
• ~ •
0
tll
CO
..lo,
-...f(
'J'
C
-Il
l'"~
~ N
-J
• ••
,
... ..
• •
...
f!P1f
l •
" •
N
rn q
f tn
u
i w
· ,....
m
.' .. •.
I
• •
• "•
•
• •
.. •
•'
• ••••• •
.
,, .
..
. . .
. .
L 1£1
':i •..
•..•
·2B
· ...
,
....
' 'I
' '
.. '•
•
• .,
' ,!3
,ng
'' ..
' so
• •
-'.·..
. · ..
.... ·
......
. :
....
... .
" ..
.... .
.. .. ..
. .
......
. ...
/ I
• . ...
... .
,_
/N "
''.9
3
I •
I •
I
....
"so ...
·sa ..
. ·
50
... . ..
. . . .
. ..
40
30 ..
%F
20
N ..
48
8 ......
"
40
30 %F
20
10
....
.. ·1
'00
....
.. .
FIG
. 39
N ..
62
8
Ho
o
oo
o o
,
"
"
-l
·.
92
01
0
1
50
20
40
30
%
20
mp u
s 1a
e
,1'',.
__._
.,,. ...
... ti..,
, bf
··;:;
:·.·.
....
.....
10
10
~ . .
:·
',,
1""
i •••• '.
• •
..
,.,,
,.
••
,,
' '
s •
I •
.,,.
'
' ''
I 0
',
: .•
I ~.
... ...
. ...,..
._ I'
: •
.. :
• t
' I
cJ
J =·
~ • .
. .
. 0...
....
"0'~~1
, .. .,,. ..
.,,. .
q /·"""'
....
... \
\ ....
• ..
. :
•• •
•
;:
< ..
I ·,
• "
" •
• •
• •
" "(
l •
-..:
::.-.
~ YI
H..~ttn~MTlm"ttt
',
0 I
I •
,. ••
a•
• • .f
f'l
' 11
1' •
I
¥..,
" '
~
/ :
• • • •
• ·• •
· ··•
· • •.
• • • ·
•.
in-11
1 1t
1 lf
l 11
1 u1
"w'fll
1t1'i0\.r~111 t
n
i m
win
uir
n1
ntn
1t1
tntn
tnJ.
nih
lll
•• ~-
\ SI.
)
: :.
• •••
• ·: :
: ...
. cJ.
'·fw
Id S.~
.:{ ~ !!
K:f
"1 t,
~
'c\l-.l11fols!~~~~~Rli\f~
•. ~
...
·. "
\ o
,..
: · ·
· · ·
· . ·
· · •
L ttf.
1 · · ·
\\1. '
" I
la··
• .
Le
nctn
·
' ....
. . .
..
~ ..
.. ~ng
. . ..
91l
• •
• •
• •
• ••
•• •
• ...
.. ••
• \
-'"-:
. .. ..
......
.....
" . .
... . .
.. .
""..
. . . .
. ,,
,1 .
. .. -
.. . .
. .. ..
. ....
... .
,. .
\ I
~ •
• ••
'
i w ..
·~1 · ·s
o .... ·!
:§8
• •
• •
•• \
I \
N ..
3<
1 ...
.... 10
.....
....
. .. . .
... ..
"""---
------
-.... ......
........
40
30 %F
...
.... .
. 20
.. 10
..
........
....... -
....
• ••
M.
·1-0
0. •
•·•
• •
..........
~ ....
....
....
. o
q ...
0 .... .
.. .... ....
........
0 .+
,,,.....
.....,.,
..,,,;,,
........
,.., ....
.. ""i
""!-
-H-H
-IF
'H'T
t:t"
'M
!fl
tl'I
Ill
Ill
!fl
In I
ll I
ll
lfl.
Ill Il
l lf
l Il
l !f
l -
....
__
__
__
__
__
__
_
lf1
If)
lfl
lf1
In lt
l lll0
in" In
' ft!
' Il
l Il
l
• ru
"' '° m
9 ~ ~ ~
!! ia
RI ~
iego
-.. "2tlB'St,.--
----
-~~-
_:t
w m
s, ~
:f ~ $
92
LGn
th
----
---
11
IG.4
0
' \ ' I ' \ I I I I I I I I
19
84
(J) .,..,.. (J)
c OJ c -•.-4 ~
..c. II
u :z
0:: w CD ~ w u· w Cl
L 0 N 0
CD
,-
.. -.. --' --- , p .... ~.. ---:--:~-:·.... •• • • • ••
/ .. , .. :.::::--.:.:.-=i .• - . . . . . . . ~ .•. . : ' -----'1 .:: •• - ."i
I --~ . .... , .. : .: · ...
.. --.·
:
57
,,--" ......
. . .
......
, .
.... -------, .. .....
... ----' .. ...
. .. ... . . . .... ............ -........ - .... ,.;
I I I .. ·. .· , ___ _ .. ..
' ... ...
Q N
• I
' ...... ,,--____ ,
0 -
0 ....
'· .... _.,. p.~ , ...
I
' ' ... ">
.· . :
. s "9lfil
15~ : :
"IE ~ : ~ ..
... ~-gz: ·. : ~ s "n;..c;:.. : -sGZ · ,sir.f~' '$ "lili r: : S °91 ai:: ... -s -,.\...J: : s "21 : ' S:Ot .' : s:e ... s~· .. S"t : JS 7. :
I : s.• : I ••
/ 9 : , I
I
. , I
I I
I , , , , , I , ,
I • ...
' I • • :
'. : .... ! : . . :
;
·.
:
:
.·
N O'>
~ . "-.. I
' ' ,. ' ' I I I I I I I
' I : 8 I
' I
' I
: I
f I I
' I I
' I I I I I I 0
' ' ' ' I
' ' I
' ' ' I 6
8
' ' I I
' I I I
I I
I I
I I
I
' I
' ' I
' ' '
0 O'>
' I ~ • .•
: .·.·~ • - • • • II
f:J ·:.~· ·,--=:. .•. .......__:,_/ ......... ..
I I
' I
' ' ' ' """--, ".
' ' 0 ' ,_ ' -- I --- ,
' . ' . ' . ' .. ' .. ,
-- , -.. / -----.. __ ,' __ ,,,_,~ ....... _,,,...,.,'
LL
O'> c 0 m 0 +> +> ..... .r:. u
0 +> (/) 0
..c.
0::: w rn 2:: w u w 0
,~ .... :""'~
' ' .. ' '-- ......... _ ...
I
' I .... ____ _ ---........ ... ... ' ' I ' '
L 0 N 0
ID
........ ·
58
.. · ................. N 0)
:· ...... . : .. -..
·. .·
----- . . -- . ~- : ' ,,,,.,-""' ....
·---. 0 • . ~ . ____ , ' , .
-----. I I ,---- . , . , . ·. ' : ~ . . . • Q '
\ N I ·.... .. ~ .:.. ,r ~. r • • . .. . . - . ' . ' ' . \ .- I , . -· ' , . : . . : , ' , . , .
I ' I
I · : ' I . , . , ' , , , , , , , , ,
, . . , , , , '
I • , . . , , ' , ' , ' , ,
/ ,...• I / . . I , . . . , ' , ' , : .. - I .. · , , .. . . ,
/ ,,._ I
'-.' •; r"'""· I ._.,,_, ··. . : --- . ' ' . ' ' . ' ' . ' ' • l
'.. l ' .. ~ ' ' l I I .. _ ' ---- I ----- /, ------ ./ -- , .... _ _. .... -- ,.' .... __ ~
N
LL
m
2-5
m
5-10
m
0 0 0
20-5
0m
50
-10
0m
0 0 0 '
.
: "'
, C
ox' s
8a
:zar
Q
·:
•
• ',
!''
·-----
-'··..
S
ecch
i D
isc
'.b+'·: :
; '".: ..
' '··
••• ,
,-·/
<'
.· .. '
·.
' .
··,.
. /
' '
. .
' ·.
----
---
-'if
~
' . .
.
•,
. , __ ,
,
0 I
• •
•• •
• •
•
• •
• 0
'-.---.,
,."'
"-•
• ,' 0
• (
.. '. ·
·.. ..
.. . . .
·--0
• ..
. .-
• t.
: •
• I
' •
• •
• I
• •
• •
• ,
• •
I ·..
•••
...
A
o o
'-.
•• •
I
', \,
.,\
... ..
\ •
• "
• •,
'.
I \ \
.' .. . ..
.'
.· O
(ij
,/;
·.,.
•.:
:: :
: :;
;: :
::::::::: ::
• .::
:: .:
·.: ·
. • •
• •.
····
:. :o
·.:~.·--029
.... .,8
.. •.
• ... "
. • ..
..
~ i.
. ····
···a·· .. ··
·:o· ...
.... :.
u ...
:.:
·· ..
....
....
....
. ···
· ...
<t. ,,,.
' :
0 . ..
. . . .
. ....
· · · · · ·
SB •
..
0 /
.. •
0 'f:
:' _,
, ....
.
S/
0 0
if i
00
0
/ . ·
o-...
· .. I I I I I I I
\\ ~~
\ ',:
! \
~·
I .{
. I
\ ~
I I I I I I I I I \, ' .. '
, ,,
0 0
0 0
0
0 ·· .
.....
0 . '
•. 0
.. fi'.o ..
. ...._
0 u-
"· · ..
\ \
, I \ I \ \ \
''---
----
----
..........
. ___
___
92
--- ... ~--~-....
=---~-==:_
__ _]=
:___~-
-----
----
--...
..-
---
----
----
----
----
--""
"-s1
----
----
----
----
----
-·
DECE
MBE
R ..
....
-.
·100
· ..
....
....
.
......
. ......
. "" ..
....
. .
90
FrG
.43
60
Bothythermogroph Profiles
DECEMBER
Lot. 20 Deg 48 Min Lon. 89 Deg 53 Min
Temp (de9 C) 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
- - - - - ..,_ Bottom -
Lot~ 20 Deg 24 Min Lon. 91 Deg 22 Min
TGimp Cd1a19 C) 25 26 2:l 28 29 30 31 32
- - - - - B'ottom -100
c ID
'"ti ct-:T
...... El .....,
Lot. 20 Deg 45 Min. Lon. 90 Deg 54 Min
T iemp Cd1a19 C) 25 26 21 20 29 30 a1 32
[I ·I I I I 10 ---20
E
.w
so
60
70
SD - - - - - Hottom -
90
100
-....::r ~
~ -LL
APPENDIX A
RESEARCH VESSEL R/V 11ANUSANDHANI"
__ ., ___ _
Principal Dimension
Length Overall
Length 8.P.
Breadth Mid
Depth Mid
Gross Tonnage Main Engine
Max Trial SP
.. -"""""'54>0 .... m -~ -- .
32.40M
28.00M
7.50M
3.30M
221.16 G. T. 900 PS
12.44km
Caoacitll.
Fish Hold
Fuel Oil
Fresh water
Freezing Room
~~mplements
Officer
Crew
Scientists
Total
73.67 M2
88.22 M2
34.53 M2
11.17 M 2
~
22
APPENDIX B
ENGEL HIGH OPENING BOTTOM TRAWL
GE
NE
RA
L A
RR
AN
GE
ME
NT
FO
R E
NG
EL
486
ME
SH
H
IGH
O
PE
NIN
G
BO
TT
OM
TR
AW
L
1.
Hea
dlin
e 57
.50
met
res
P. P
. C
ombi
natio
n w
ire r
ope
12m
m d
ia w
ith
st
eel
core
2.
Foo
trop
e 66
.30
mtrs
. P.
P.
Com
bina
tion
wir
e ro
pe
14m
m
dia
with
ste
el
core
RU
BB
ER
di
sc G
roun
drop
e 5
X 1
3. 1
0 m
trs.
APPENDIX C
SURVEY LOG SHEETS
MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (BG0/80/025)
VESS):L NAME
GEAR TYPE
LOCAL TIME
BOTTOM
FIS Ht G LOG
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
FISHING TIME SHOT TIME HAULED DIRECTION DEPTH (m) DEPTH (m) POSITION OF SHOOTING
0 s
1 H s I H Q 1
N I 0 I
E
DECCA Readings Shooting
R G p
COMPOSITION OF TOTAL CATCH
SPEC I E·S CODE NUMBER WEIGHT (kgj SPECIES
REMARl<:S: (DETAILS OF GEAR DAMAGE ETC.)
SCIENTIST 1/C ................................................................. .
DAY MONTH YEAR
POSITION OF HAULING DISTANCE TRAVELLED N.M.
IN I I 0 0
E
DECCA Readings Hauling
R G
HAUL VALIDITY
FOR VALID HAUL ENTER 1 FOA NON-VALID HAUL ENTER 0
OD
p
EIGHT (kg)
MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (BGD/80/025)
LENGTH FREQUENCY SHEET VfSSEL I C~U15t I I HAUL
'-•N_A_M_E_._ ____________ ....Jl-.NU_M_B_f_R 1.--...Jl NUMBER STATION NUMBER
SPEC\ ES
CM TICK SPECIES
CODE TOTAL
0 0
CM TICK~
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 0
6 2
7 4
8 6
9 6
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 0
6 2
7 4
8 6
9 8
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 0
6 2
7 4
8 6
9 8
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
·4 8
5 0
6 2
7 4
8 6
9 8
0 0
TOTAL CATCH I PLE 'I OF THIS E UNITS SPECIES L CATCH)
==
DATE
TOTAL
MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (BGD/80/025)
~ BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING SHEET sheet ············-·······--·-----of ......................... .
IES
FISH LENGTH No. (mml
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
WEIGHT SEX (g) 1111.or F MATl.Jl1:11'r AGE
ESSEL NAii/iE
SCIENTIST l/C ................................................................. .
HAUL NUllllBER
REllllARKS
DATE SAMPLED
DAY MONTH
