marine debris survey information guide...marine debris survey information guide 2 1.0 introduction...

Marine Debris Survey Information GuideKristian Peters, Marine Debris Project CoordinatorAdelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board

AcknowledgementsThe Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board gratefully acknowledges the following contributors to this manual:

White, Damian. 2005. • Marine Debris Survey Information Manual 2nd edition, WWF Marine Debris Project Arafura Ecoregion Program. WWF AustraliaSouth Carolina Sea Grant Consortium •South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Ocean and Coastal Resource Management•Centre for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence Southeast and NOAA 2008•Chris Jordan•Images (cover from left): Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board and Bill Doyle Photography•

DisclaimerWhile every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this publication, the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board takes no responsibility for its contents, nor for any loss, damage or consequence for any person or body relying on the information, or any error or omission in this publication.

Printed on 100% recycled Australian-made paper from ISO 14001-accredited sources

This project is supported by the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board through funding from the Australian Government’s Caring for our Country, the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society and SeaLink.

1 Marine Debris Survey Information Guide

Contents

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.0 Volunteer requirements for marine debris surveys ................................................................. 5

3.0 Personal requirements ............................................................................................................ 6

4.0 Marine debris sampling protocols ........................................................................................... 8

5.0 Survey sites and the sampling transect ................................................................................ 10

6.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part A) .................................................................................... 13

7.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part B):Frgamented Plastics .................................................. 15

8.0 Recording information on marine mammals and turtles ....................................................... 16

9.0 Processing the marine debris ............................................................................................... 17

10.0 Debris identification and data recording .............................................................................. 18

11.0 Marine debris sorting guidelines ......................................................................................... 20

12.0 Fragmented plastics sorting guidelines ............................................................................... 21

13.0 Further information .............................................................................................................. 22

Appendix 1. Marine debris survey sites Gulf St. Vincent ............................................................ I

Appendix 2. Survey site co-ordinates Gulf St. Vincent ............................................................... II

Appendix 3. Survey site co-ordinates Kangaroo Island ............................................................ III

Appendix 4. Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet .................................................................. IV

Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet ........................................................................................................ V

Appendix 5. Litter Data Sheet ....................................................................................................... VI

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table ........................................................................................ VII

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.) .......................................................................... VIII

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.) ............................................................................ IX

Appendix 7. Fragmented Plastics Data Sheet ............................................................................. X

Appendix 8. Large Items Data Sheet ........................................................................................... XI

Appendix 9. Litter Origins Information Table (International Barcode Number) ..................... XII

Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010. .............................................. XIII

Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010. .............................................. XIV

Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys ......................................................................... XV


1.0 Introduction

Marine debris surveys are part of the Gulf St. Vincent Marine Threat Abatement project,

initiated by the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board

(AMLRNRMB) and supported through the Australian Government’s Caring for Our Country

initiative.

This is a collaborative project between three Natural Resource Management Boards (AMLR,

Kangaroo Island and Northern and Yorke), Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, South

Australian Museum and other organisations around Gulf St Vincent to address the Australian

Government’s Marine Debris Threat Abatement Plan to minimise impacts on marine species.

The Marine Debris Project seeks to implement objectives of the Threat Abatement Plan

(TAP) for Marine Wildlife at a local level. The objectives of the TAP are:

1. Contribute to the long-term prevention of the incidence of harmful marine debris.

2. Remove existing harmful marine debris from the marine environment.

3. Mitigate the impacts of harmful marine debris on marine species and ecological

communities.

4. Monitor the quantities, origins and impacts of marine debris and assess the

effectiveness of management arrangements over time for the strategic reduction of

debris.

Marine debris (also known as marine litter) is an increasing and persistent problem that

impacts on our estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystems. Given its diversity (i.e. plastic,

metal, wood, ceramic, glass) and the abundance of terrestrial (land-based) (e.g. storm-

water, rivers, urban litter) and marine-based sources (e.g. commercial and recreational

boating and fishing, international and merchant shipping), its influence is globally extensive,

affecting wildlife such as sea birds, pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (whales and

dolphins) and marine turtles across a range of inshore coastal, and offshore marine habitats.

With the introduction of plastics as common use items in households and commercial-based

industry, the persistence of non-organic litter (i.e. plastic) in both terrestrial and marine-

based systems has increased significantly. While plastic and its components thereof, offer

convenience and versatility, their durability is often short-lived often persisting as terrestrial

waste in landfill or through translocation processes (i.e. storm-water, transoceanic), are

encountered as items of floating oceanic debris that accumulate along convergence zones

and deposit within coastal fringes.


Figure 1. Estimated decomposition rates of common marine debris items.

In Australian waters, the increase in quantities of marine debris is met with growing public

awareness and concern. In Northern and Southern Australia the high incidence and

increased risk of entanglement in marine debris by seals, cetaceans and marine turtles (for

example, see Page et al. 2004) and consumption of fragmented plastics by seabirds, has

provoked a Federal Government response, listing marine debris under the Australian

Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC, 1999) as

a ‘key threatening process’ to the survival and abundance of native species or ecological

communities’. As a consequence, state and territory government agencies, non-government

organisations, industry and local communities have facilitated animal welfare and beach

clean-up campaigns (e.g. World Wildlife Fund, Clean Up Australia Day) to understand and

alleviate some of its direct impacts.

The importance of marine debris surveys

Marine debris surveys and beach clean-up activities alike are a valuable means to engage

the community and raise public awareness while providing important information into the

condition of surrounding coastal areas. In South Australia, while an annual Clean Up

Australia Day (CUAD) highlight the problem of marine debris, limited surveys have quantified

the amount and type of beach litter collected. Marine debris surveys conducted at Kangaroo

Island, Robe and Anxious Bay (Edyvane et al. 2004; Eglinton et al. 2006; Lashmar et al.

2009) describe differences in amounts and types of debris collected, but similarly indicate


the contribution of plastic as a major source of pollution that impacts our coastlines and

wildlife. Given the information marine debris surveys can provide at both local and regional

levels, they remain an invaluable tool to assist with the future management of our marine

and coastal systems.

The marine debris survey information guide

This manual has been developed to aid in the collection and identification of marine debris

from beaches across Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and

Kangaroo Island. The protocols outlined in this manual have been developed to conform to

an international standard set out by the United Nations Environment Programme /

Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (UNEP/IOC) (see Cheshire et al. 2009). The

collection methods listed in this manual follows similar guidelines described by WWF

Australia in the Marine Debris Survey Information Manual for Northern Territory beaches

(see White, 2005).

Marine debris data collected using this manual and analysed for Gulf St Vincent and

Kangaroo Island litter surveys 2010 can be viewed in Appendix 10.

To facilitate the collection of meaningful and consistent information please familiarise

yourself with the protocols described in this guide and the datasheets herein prior to the

commencement of a marine debris survey.


2.0 Volunteer requirements for marine debris surveys

Volunteer safety

The Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board

(AMLRNRMB) highly values our volunteer network and the involvement they have within

local community programs. Coastal-based programs such as the Marine Debris Program

(MDP) provide an important platform to raise community awareness on threats that affect

our local coastal environments and marine wildlife, generating participation across several

Natural Resources Management Board regions within local governments, landholder, and

local community groups. At the AMLRNRMB we want to ensure your safety and well being

during your involvement in the Marine Debris Project. Please familiarise yourself with the

safety recommendations listed below. Prior to commencement of the survey, please notify a

responsible person of where and when the survey is to be undertaken with a time of return.

A Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys located at the rear of this manual will

facilitate your experience while being involved in the Marine Debris Program.

Volunteer registration form

It is a requirement for all volunteers participating in the Marine Debris Survey Program with

Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board to fill in the

Volunteer Registration form prior to commencement of the marine debris sampling. The

registration form covers volunteers in the event of an accident. Volunteers cannot participate

in the project if AMLRNRMB do not receive a copy of the registration form (page 23 - 24).

Figure 2.0 Volunteer

registration form

Adelaide and Mount

Lofty Natural

Resources

Management Board.


3.0 Personal requirements

The Marine Debris Program incorporates a number of survey sites across Gulf St. Vincent,

Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. The conditions at each

site vary considerably based on their geographical location and the weather conditions that

may be encountered at each site. Conditions along our coasts can change dramatically over

the period of a day and it is important that participants in the Marine Debris Program note the

weather conditions prior to the commencement of sampling. In South Australia, sea breezes

often develop in the afternoon causing a significant drop in temperature. Below is a list of

recommended personal items that should be carried for all field work on the Marine Debris

Program.

Personal Equipment

Clothing

Wear clothing that is comfortable and warm and that you do not mind getting dirty or

damaged.

Participants should bring appropriate windproof / waterproof protective clothing in the

event of rain, or strong afternoon sea breezes. It is recommended that all participants

bring with them a spare set of clothes (in the event of getting wet).

Sun protection

The Marine Debris Program requires lengthy periods of time in the field exposed to the sun.

Elevated sun exposure can cause sunburn, lead to dehydration and cause further

complications if left untreated.

Avoid sunburn at all times.

Wear a long-sleeved shirt, a sun hat, and wear SPF 30+ sunscreen.

Carry at least 2 litres of water per person for field sampling. Ensure you are well

hydrated prior to commencement of the Marine Debris sampling.


Footwear and protective clothing

Some sites require walking down access tracks while on site participants may encounter

rocky substrate, rocky beach flats, shell beaches and heavy seaweed that may conceal

sharp objects. To avoid injury it is recommended to:

Wear enclosed sturdy footwear with reasonable tread.

*Thongs and sandals are not appropriate footwear for Marine Debris sampling.

While we have supplied some gloves, additional gloves are recommended to protect

the hands from sharp debris such as glass.

First Aid

One member of the Marine Debris sampling team should have current basic first aid training.

Three small first aid kits have been supplied with each Marine Debris Collection kit.

These kits contain 2x non-adherent padded dressings, 1x small roller bandage, 10x

adhesive band-strips, 4x alcohol prep pads, 1x wound wipe, and 1x scissors.

It is recommended that a comprehensive first aid kit be carried or additional first aid

equipment such as a triangular and compression bandage.

Ensure emergency contacts are carried with you. If you encounter items such as

explosives and flares, please contact the police department within your local area.

Emergency telephone numbers are listed below.

Ambulance/Fire/Police: 000

GSM mobile alternate Emergency Number: 112


4.0 Marine debris sampling protocols General Equipment:

2 garden stakes or marker ribbon to mark beginning and end of the sampling

transect.

GPS unit or mobile phone with GPS application

Maps of transect site (Marine Debris Sampling Pack)

Marine Debris Sampling Kit/s (see page 9)

Marine Debris Survey Information Guide

Permanent marker or labels to identify marine debris collection bags

Data sheets

1. Beach litter survey information sheet 2. Litter Data Sheet 3. Large Items Data Sheet

Measuring tape

5 containers / bags for fragmented plastic sampling

Sieve

Sharp knife

Camera

First Aid kit

Pens, pencils

Shovel

Figure 3. Debris collection O’Sullivans beach, Adelaide.

(Photo: AMLRNRMB).


Marine debris sampling pack

The Marine Debris Sampling Pack contains information of the sampling site and the Marine

Debris Sampling Kit. Marine Debris Sampling Kits have been supplied by the Clean Up

Australia Day campaign. Each site may require a single or multiple kits depending on the

number of participants at each site.

Each Marine Debris Sampling Kit

contains:

4 pairs reinforced gloves

3 personal first aid kits

1 sharps container

15 white collection bags

7 yellow recyclable collection bags

Figure 4. The marine debris sampling kit.


5.0 Survey sites and the sampling transect

There are approximately 38 sites that have been pre-selected for the Marine Debris Program

across Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island

(Appendix 1 - 3).

The sampling transect

A 1000 metre beach transect has been pre-determined for marine debris sampling at the

majority of sites. A few sites have beach length <1000 metres. These sites will have the

entire length of the beach sampled. This should provide a representative litter sample for

each local region and enable litter type and quantity to be determined and compared

between sites.

Appendix 1 shows a map of the marine debris sampling sites for Gulf St. Vincent. Transect

co-ordinates and beach sampling lengths are found in Appendix 2 and 3.

Setting up the transect

Each site has been allocated two sets of GPS coordinates (Point 1, Point 2). These

designate the start / finish points of the sampling transect (Figure 5). GPS coordinates for

each site are expressed in both degree decimal minute (DDM) and degree/minute/second

(DMS) formats. Modern GPS units and mobile phones have applications for both GPS

formats. For participants with iPhones see the application such as Trailguru APP for a free

GPS. If a GPS is required please contact the Marine Debris Project Coordinator.

Site information detailing travel directions, maps, and topographical photographs of the

transect site will be disseminated to each participant with the Marine Debris Sampling Kit.

Steps:

1. Locate the Start Point 1 of transect using the GPS coordinates supplied or by the

maps supplied in the Marine Debris Sampling Pack.

2. Place a marker at Point 1. With the GPS coordinates provided, measure 1000m and

place another marker to designate Point 2.


3. If you have a GPS, record the start and end locations as they may differ slightly from

the original coordinates. Enter these on the Beach Litter Survey Information sheet

(Appendix 4).

4. Sites that are < 1000m in length record the start and end point of the beach with a

GPS if available.

Figure 5. Example of a beach transect area (sampling area) for the Marine Debris Program.

The width of beach to sample

The marine debris collection should incorporate the area from the water’s edge extending to

the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune on the upper section of the

beach (Figure 6). At most sites, the survey area of the beach does not exceed a width of 50

metres. Sampling for each site should occur at low tide where possible. Please refer to the

appropriate tide chart to determine a suitable tide period.

Should a beach at low tide appear to have a long tidal range across mud or sand flats

ONLY survey a width of 50m from the base of the dune, cliff, or vegetation zone. This

ensures participants safety in the event of being trapped by fast moving incoming tides.


Figure 6. Participants collect marine debris between the water’s edge to the base of the

primary dune (1st dune), cliff or vegetation zone by forming a line across the beach.


6.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part A)

Steps:

1. Fill in the Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet (Appendix 4).

2. Determine the start (Point 1) of transect (see page 10).

3. Begin the sampling by forming a line from the start point across the beach between

the water’s edge and the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune

(Figure 6).

4. Space each participant to cover the beach. If there are not enough participants,

sample the top half of the beach then the lower half of the beach on return. This will

ensure the transect area will be covered appropriately. As marine litter tends to

accumulate at the upper margins of the beach, place participants closer together at

the base of the beach vegetation, cliff area or first primary dune.

5. Like other marine debris surveys (i.e. Northern Territory Marine Debris Program;

World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF, 2005), the size of debris collected may vary

between participants depending on their enthusiasm, physical fitness etc.

The minimum size of marine debris to be collected has been standardised to the

size of 1/2 plastic bottle cap (Figure 7). This will ensure that a uniform collection of

litter across all sites and facilitate comparisons between sites. Please exercise

caution when lifting heavy items (i.e. ropes, full collection bags). If in doubt, use

multiple participants to lift and carry debris when required.

6. Using the Marine Debris Collection Kit provided, collect all debris items upwards in

size from half the size of a bottle cap between Point 1 and Point 2 (Figure 5). For

participants collecting near the upper limit of the beach avoid walking on the primary

dunes as this damages vegetation and can cause significant dune de-stabilisation.

Figure 7. Minimum size of debris to be collected is the size of half a bottle cap (~15mm).


7. There may be a number of sharp items that will require care when handling. Bare

hands should never be used to collect and handle sharp objects. Place smaller

sharps in the yellow Medical Sharps Waste container provided in the Marine Debris

Collection Kit. Sharp objects may include:

Glass

Metal

Syringes

After counting and weighing of the sharps in their appropriate category (see

Marine debris sorting guidelines, page 20) seal the sharps container and place in a

hessian bag provided.

8. A number of items will not be collected during the surveys due to their size and

quantity. Please record the presence of the following large items on the Large Items

data sheet (Appendix 8):

Large wooden dunnage (i.e. old wooden crates, permapine logs)

Heavy items (car engine blocks, large tractor tyres)

Large commercial nets that are buried. Please record and photograph the net

location and remove a sample section approximately 3 ft X 3ft where

possible. Retain the net and record this on the Large Items data sheet.

Do not discard the net as we will use it to identify its origin.

9. If flammable (e.g. containers with fuels) or explosive material (e.g. flares) is found

during the survey, please exercise caution in their collection. For explosives, contact

the local police for their collection and disposal.

Figure 8. Recording wooden dunnage (marine debris) on the Large Items data sheet (Photo: AMLRNRMB).


7.0 Collecting the marine debris (Part B):

Fragmented plastics

Additional to the larger debris collected, smaller fragmented plastic debris will also be

collected.

Marine debris beach surveys generally sample a range of debris items larger than the size of

a bottle cap. However, smaller plastic fragments in the ocean may accumulate in the wash

zone and deposit on the upper limits of the beach. Fragmented plastics are known to impact

both coastal environments and marine predatory species that can misidentify fragmented

plastic as small prey (i.e. sea birds). Currently, quantitative information on the impact of

fragmented plastics is poor.

Equipment:

Measuring tape

5 containers / bags for fragmented plastics

Sieve

Shovel

Steps:

1. Find a suitable location on the upper region of the beach. If you have a GPS, record

the location on the Fragmented plastics data sheet (Appendix 7) or place a mark on

the map where the sample was taken. If the beach you are working on is not

composed of sand or is not of a suitable substrate, plastics sampling will not be

required.

2. Measure a 1m X 1m square.

3. Using a sieve, remove the surface sand to a shovel depth and sieve the sand. Collect

all plastic debris and other non-organic debris. Place each sample in a suitable

container.

4. Complete five 1m x 1m samples at random across the upper limit of the beach.


8.0 Recording information on marine mammals and turtles

Marine mammal strandings are being investigated by the South Australian Museum to

determine the potential threat posed by marine debris in the Gulf as part of the Gulf St.

Vincent Marine Debris Threat Abatement project. The South Australian Museum (SAM) has

been collecting the carcasses of dolphins around South Australia for over 20 years.

Necropsies are routinely performed and tissue samples archived for many research projects

as well as pathology and parasite studies.

If a whale, dolphin, Australian sea lion or marine turtle is found dead or stranded, or is

found to be entangled in marine debris please:

1. Record the time, date, and location on the Litter Data Sheet.

2. Take a photograph.

3. For whales, dolphins, seals or Australian sea lions contact:

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

Phone: (+61 8) 8204 1910.

Fishwatch (24 hr hotline):

Phone: 1800 065 522

4. For marine turtles please contact the South Australian Museum

Dr. Mark Hutchinson: [email protected]

*Do not record the presence of seals or sea lions that appear resting or asleep on the rocks

as they are often found within the Gulf St. Vincent.

Figure 9. Fur seal entangled in fishing net on beach (Photo: P. Shaughnessy, Jackway NPWSA).


9.0 Processing the marine debris

Equipment:

Old tarpaulin to sort the marine debris

Data sheets

a. Litter Data Sheet (Appendix 5)

b. Fragmented Plastics data sheet (Appendix 7)

Litter Classification Table (Appendix 6)

International Barcode Table (Appendix 9)

Sorting buckets

Gloves

Scales for weighing debris

Figure 10. Sorting of marine debris into categories.


10.0 Debris identification and data recording

The Marine Debris Program for Gulf St. Vincent, Lower Yorke Peninsula, Fleurieu

Peninsula and Kangaroo Island use particular litter sorting categories based on the

Guidelines on Surveying and Monitoring of Marine Litter (United Nations Environment

Programme/ Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission, IOC/UNEP 2009). This will

enable the data that is collected to be comparable at both international and national

levels.

The litter classification table

Litter will be sorted, itemised then weighed to the nearest 100gm based on the

categories listed in the Litter Classification Table (Appendix 6). The data collected is

entered in the Litter Data Sheet (Figure 11, Appendix 5) according to the categories

listed in the Litter Classification Table.

An example is given below:

Item Code (standard list)

Material Composition DescriptionCount

(# Items)Weight

(kg)International

barcodes

PL02 Plastic Plastic bottles small 200 0.86 938, 616,334

PL19 Plastic Monofilament fishing line 30 < 0.01 333

PL20 Plastic Fishing traps 1.00 5.00 234, 556

PC04 Paper and Cardboard Paper trays 10 0.35

GC03 Glass and ceramic Light globes 2 0.2

FP02 Foamed products Foam Plastic cups 2 0.1

M01 Metal Cutlery 3 0.2

M03 Metal Aluminium Cans 6 0.1

Comments

1. Determine category

2. Describe item3. Count and weigh items in category

4. Record barcodes

Figure 11. Illustrative section of the data entry process for the marine litter collected.

Data is entered in the Litter Data Sheet (Appendix 5).


The litter origins information table

The origin of some litter can be determined by the International barcode that is

present on the label. The first 3 digits of the barcode represent an International code

and describe where the product has originated (Figure 12). Litter, such as plastic

bottles and aluminium cans may contain information such as the manufacturer’s

details (i.e. writing) and a barcode that will enable you to determine whether the

product is local or from an international source. International Barcodes are listed in

Appendix 9.


Figure 12. The first 3 digits on the International Barcode Number represent the

country of origin.

Steps:

1. Identify items with a barcode within each Litter category. Record the item and

the first 3 barcode digits (if present) on the Litter Data Sheet (Figure 11,

Appendix 5).

First 3 digits

(e.g. 978)

Origin: New Zealand

(Litter Origins Table)


11.0 Marine debris sorting guidelines

Steps:

1. Empty the contents of all the collection bags on a tarpaulin or in the area

designated to sort the marine debris. This will facilitate the sorting and ensure

smaller items will not be lost.

2. Sort the debris items initially by their broad material composition (Column 2;

Litter Classification Table) by working outwards in a semi-circle (WWF, 2005).

This will facilitate the identification of the refined item categories.

3. Once the broad categories are defined, sort the debris into their refined

categories.

4. Record the number of all items for each category and enter the category type

and number of items counted on the Litter Data Sheet. If there are items within

each category with an International barcode, record the item and its first 3

barcode digits and enter this on the Litter Data Sheet.

5. Prior to weighing each category, tare the weighing bag/bucket to at 0.00kg

using the upper silver dial on the scale.

6. After the total number of items for the refined categories has been recorded,

weigh each category by placing all category items in a bag/bucket using the

heavy 25 kg or lighter gauge (1-5 kg) scales. Weigh to 100 gm where possible.

Record the weight of the categories on the Litter Data Sheet.

7. Items that are not listed in the Litter Classification Table can be entered as

‘Other’ (OT) category.

Figure 13. Sorting of marine

debris into categories before

counting and weighing.

(Photo: AMLRNRMB)


12.0 Fragmented plastics sorting guidelines

Equipment:

Fragmented Plastics data sheet (Appendix 7)

Pencil

Steps:

1. Empty the contents of each fragmented plastics sample separately.

2. Separate each plastic fragment into their broad colors (blue, red, yellow,

green, black, white).

3. Record the total number of each colour group on the Fragmented Plastics data

sheet (Appendix 7).


Figure 13. Illustrative section of the data entry process for the fragmented plastics

collected. Data is entered in the Fragmented Plastics data sheet.

Description (color)

Blue Red Green Yellow Black White

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Sample 1 5 6 7 8 9 37

Sample 2 3 4 5 7 8 28

Sample 3 5 4 6 8 9 34

Sample 4 3 5 6 8 9 34

Sample 5 6 7 8 9 0 34

Total 22 26 32 40 35 167

Fragmented PlasticTotal Notes

1. Grade the fragmented plastics by color

2. Count the number of each fragment

3. Sum the total number of pieces collected


13.0 Further information Cheshire, A.C., Adler, E., Barbière, J., Cohen, Y.,Evans, S., Jarayabhand, S., Jeftic, L., Jung, R.T., Kinsey, S., Kusui, E.T., Lavine, I., Manyara, P., Oosterbaan, L.,Pereira, M.A., Sheavly, S., Tkalin, A., Varadarajan, S., Wenneker, B., Westphalen, G. (2009). UNEP/IOC Guidelines on Survey and Monitoring of Marine Litter. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies, No. 186; IOC Technical Series No. 83: xii + 120 pp. Available at http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/default.asp Clean Up Australia http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/About/ Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2009 Background paper for the threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life, available at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2009, Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life, Available at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html Edyvane, K.S., A. Dalgetty, P.W. Hone, J.S. Higham and N.M.Wace. (2004) Long-term marine litter monitoring in the remote Great Australian Bight, South Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 1060-1075. Eglinton, Y. M., Wear, R. J., Theil, M. J. and O’Loughlin, E. J. (2006) Marine Debris Monitoring in South Australia: A Report on the 2005 Annual Robe Litter Survey. Final Report Prepared for the Australian Government Envirofund and the South East Natural Resource Consultative Committee. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. Available on the Reef Watch website www.reefwatch.asn.au/Robe/RD99-0176-4%20Robe%20Litter%20Report%202005.pdf Lashmar, K., Kinloch, M., and Brock, D. (2009) Kangaroo Island beach litter survey 2009. Draft report for the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources and Management Board. Page, B., McKenzie, J., McIntosh, R., Baylis, A., Morrissey, A., Calvert, N., Haase, T., Berris, M., Dowie, D., Shaugnessy, P. and Goldsworthy, S.D. (2004). Entanglement of Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after Government and industry attempts to reduce the problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 33-42. Wace, N. (1995). Ocean Litter Stranded on Australian Coasts. In Zann, L.P. and Sutton, D. (eds). State of the Marine Environment Report for Australia: Pollution – Technical Annex 2. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Ocean Rescue 20 Program, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories. Available at http://www.environment.gov.au/archive/coasts/publications/somer/annex2/wace.html White, Damian. 2005. Marine Debris Survey Information Manual 2nd edition, WWF Marine Debris Project, Arafura Ecoregion Program. WWF Australia. Available at http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/marine/pdf/wwf_manual2005.pdf

I

Appendix 1. Marine debris survey sites Gulf St. Vincent

Marine debris survey sitesGulf St. Vincent

Lower Yorke Peninsula

Fleurieu Peninsula

Black Point

Mullowurtie Point

Point Hicks

Wattle BayKemps Bay

Bangalee Beach

Cape Spencer

Cable Bay

Chinaman’s Beach

Tennyson

Carackalinga

Port Willunga / Gulls rock

Rapid Bay

Morgan’s Beach

Tiddy Widdy Beach

WaitpingaLands end

Victor Harbor

Hallet Cove

Parham North

Great Sandy Beach

Mallala

Victor Harbor

Yankalilla

Port Vincent

Hillocks

Refuse facility

Debris monitoring site

Tunkalilla

South Stansbury

Long beach

O’Sullivans Beach

II

Appendix 2. Survey site co-ordinates Gulf St. Vincent

Site Transect Point 1 Transect Point 2 Site area (m-2)Est. beach width

(m)Transect length

(m)

Gulf St. Vincent West

Tiddy Widdy beach 34°23'32.12"S 34°23'56.07"S 21987.42 30 1000

137°57'11.81"E 137°56'43.05"E

Mullowurtie Point 34°31'9.48"S 34°31'39.46"S 13829.34 60 1000

137°53'13.56"E 137°53'7.76"E

Black Point 34° 38' 21.7746"S 34° 37'55.57"S 11788.11 30 1000

137° 53'43.731"E 137° 54'03.70"E

Long beach 34°50'32.045"S 34°50'6.86"S 16236.13 30 1000

137°49'05.42"E 137°49'28.04"E

South Stansbury 34° 55' 35.64"S 34° 55' 09.31"S 15043.86 40 1000

137°47' 17.46"E 137° 47' 38.85"E

Point Hicks 35°02' 41.0814"S 35° 2'18.22"S 11131.94 30 1000

137°45' 27.7079"E 137°45'50.86"E

Wattle Bay 35° 8'5.96"S 35° 7'55.11"S 14817.65 50 1000

137°43'4.91"E 137°43'41.74"E

Gulf St. Vincent East

Great Sandy beach 34°27'39.50"S 34°28'11.53"S 20322.59 35 1000

138°15'36.78"E 138°15'44.17"E

North Parham 34°25'1.78"S 34°25'16.90"S 13263.45 50 1000

138°15'2.52"E 138°15'8.80"E

Tennyson 34°52'41.41"S 34°53'12.97"S 28700.79 30 1000

138°28'54.19"E 138°29'3.62"E

Hallet Cove 35° 4'0.80"S 35° 3'31.15"S 14333.37 30 1000

138°29'55.43"E 138°30'11.51"E

O' Sullivans beach 35° 7'16.05"S 35° 7'47.87"S 46937.24 40 1000

138°28'3.84"E 138°28'10.81"E

Willunga beach 35°14'54.19"S 35°15'27.30"S 52434.85 30-40 1000

138°27'43.25"E 138°27'41.11"E

Carackalinga 35°26 6.11"S 35°25'38.13"S 39839.56 40 1000

138°18' 53.62E 138°19'13.52"E

Rapid Bay 35°31'14.17"S 35°31'27.77"S 37546.55 1000

138°11'53.78"E 138°11'18.29"E

Morgans beach 35° 35'28.62"S 35° 35'51.61"S 22350.85 30 1000

138°06'30.97"E 138°06'5.29"E

Lower Fleurieu Peninsula

Lands End 35°37'26.92"S 35°37'13.02"S 7515.48 30 451.2

138° 5'44.06"E 138° 5'43.54"ETunkalilla 35° 38'19.36"S 35° 38'16.91"S 34052.96 40 1000

138°18'39.9"E 138°17'59.6"E

Waitpinga beach 35°38'4.15"S 35°37'55.95"S 30971.2 40 1000

138°29'55.81"E 138°29'17.24"E

Victor Harbor East 35°32'18.01"S 35°32'30.21"S 17799.01 20 1000

138°38'58.68"E 138°38'22.19"E

Lower Yorke Peninsula

Kemps bay 35° 8' 28.6938"S 35° 8'49.22"S 35325.85 30 1000

137° 36' 9.399"E 137°36'40.11"E

Bangalee beach 35°14'22.1172"S 35° 14' 21.48"S 8646.98 20 455

137°9'18.3306"E 137° 9' 1.2096"E

Chinamans B 35°17'16.40"S 35°17'12.52"S 4722.64 15 300

136°54'53.44"E 136°54'41.69"E

Chinamans A 35°17'13.07"S 35°17'6.93"S 15541.13 25 730

136°54'54.82"E 136°55'21.27"E

Cable Bay 35°17'14.49"S 35°17'7.94"S 7113.37 10 750

136°53'51.45"E 136°54'20.40"E

Cape Spencer 35° 17' 41.1246"S 35° 17' 55.95"S 22619.33 40 545

136° 52' 44.3166"E136° 52' 50.1348"E

III

Appendix 3. Survey site co-ordinates Kangaroo Island

Site Transect Point 1 Transect Point 2 Site area (m-2)Est. beach width

(m)Transect length

(m)

Kangaroo Island

West Bay 35°53'2.47"S 35°53'16.80"S 49099.57 50 485

136°32'56.64"E 136°33'4.26"E

Red Banks 35°44'15.66"S 35°44'5.47"S 9149.69 30 1000

137°42'46.81"E 137°43'23.36"E

Destrees Bay 35°59'11.59"S 35°58'42.04"S 15343.73 30 1000

137°36'55.45"E 137°37'9.10"E

Sandhurst 35°51'38.20"S 35°51'48.78"S 25385.88 20 1000

137°51'28.59"E 137°52'6.21"E

Bales Bay 35°59'37.73"S 35°59'51.99"S 41945.65 30 1000

137°21'6.51"E 137°21'41.41"E

American beach 35°45'55.92"S 35°45'34.84"S 22807.63 28 1000

137°52'57.65"E 137°53'27.87"E

Point Morrison 35°44'2.80"S 35°44'11.95"S 13644.76 25 1000

137°47'9.15"E 137°47'23.14"E

Rocky Point 35°47'35.16"S 35°47'48.50"S 31636.49 20 1000

137°51'22.94"E 137°50'46.78"E

Vivonne Bay 35°58'31.90"S 35°58'28.10"S 38760.92 30 1000

137°11'42.90"E 137°12'22.50"E

Cape Gantheaume 36°03'48.12"S 36°4'5.71"S 27501.23 40 1000

137°27'5.14"E 137°27'29.52"E

Sandy Beach 35°57'13.82"S 35°57'22.1039"S 22149.27 88 1000

136°37'28.3439"E 136°37'45.876"E

Rocky River 35°57'52.69"S 35°57'54.06"S 3392.88 118 72

136°39'11.28"E 136°39'13.64"E

IV

Appendix 4. Beach Litter Survey Information Sheet

Appendix 4. Litter Data Sheet

Organisation Organisation responsible for the survey

Surveyor Name Name of the surveyor (person/s responsible for f illing in this sheet)

Contact Phone Contact for surveyor

Region Name for the region

Beach ID Unique identity code for the beach (off ice use only)

Beach Name Unique Name by w hich the beach is know n

Latitude/longitude startRecorded as nnn.nnnnn degrees at the start of the sample

Latitude/longitude endRecorded as nnn.nnnnn degrees at the start of the sample

Coordinate systemDatum and coordinate system for latitude and longitude

Survey date Date survey w as started for the sample

Time start/end Time taken to complete the survey (h)

Season Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter

Current weather conditionsRecord the current conditons; w indy, overcast, clear, rain

Date of last survey or cleaning N/A

Storm activity Has there been any signif icant storm activity

Number of persons Number of persons collecting litter

Sample unit length Length of sample unit along the beach (m)

Width of beach Width of beach at the time of survey (m)

Sub-units (if used) Number and distance along beach

Additonal notes (e.g. entangled fauna, important events – storms, shipwrecks etc, conditions that may affect survey

BEACH LITTER SURVEY

sample and Beach litter data

Site Name: ( )

Completed ONCE for each survey

Sample unit information

V



DescriptionCount

(# Items)Weight

(kg)International

barcodesComments

VI



DescriptionCount

(# Items)Weight

(kg)International

barcodesComments

VII

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table

CLASSMaterial Composition

Litter CODE LITTER FORM (and examples)

1 Plastic PL01 Bottle caps & lids2 Plastic PL02 Bottles < 2 L3 Plastic PL03 Bottles, drums, jerry cans & buckets > 2 L4 Plastic PL04 Knives, forks, spoons, straws, stirrers, (cutlery)5 Plastic PL05 Drink package rings, six-pack rings, ring carriers6 Plastic PL06 Food containers (fast food, cups, lunch boxes & similar)7 Plastic PL07 Plastic bags (opaque & clear)8 Plastic PL08 Toys & party poppers9 Plastic PL09 Gloves10 Plastic PL10 Toothbrushes11 Plastic PL11 Cigarette lighters12 Plastic PL12 Cigarettes, butts & filters13 Plastic PL13 Syringes14 Plastic PL14 Baskets, crates & trays15 Plastic PL15 Plastic fishing buoys16 Plastic PL16 Mesh bags (vegetable, oyster nets & mussel bags)17 Plastic PL17 Sheeting (tarpaulin or other woven plastic bags, palette wrap)18 Plastic PL18 Fishing lures19 Plastic PL19 Fishing monofilament line20 Plastic PL20 Fishing traps and pots and rods21 Plastic PL21 Rope22 Plastic PL22 Fishing net23 Plastic PL23 Strapping24 Plastic PL24 Fibreglass fragments25 Plastic PL25 Resin pellets26 Plastic PL26 Plastic burleybucket27 Plastic PL27 Miscellaneos plastic pieces28 Plastic PL28 Plastic firearm pieces29 Plastic PL29 Fish measuring devices30 Plastic PL30 Construction plastic31 Plastic PL31 Food wrappers32 Plastic PL32 Bailing twine33 Plastic PL33 Sex industry34 Plastic PL34 Plastic tape35 Plastic PL35 Bubble wrap36 Plastic PL36 Plastic plumbing and associated pieces37 Plastic PL37 Marine research38 Plastic PL38 Houshold cleaning 39 Plastic PL39 Pens and stationary items, pegs40 Plastic PL40 Transport (transport tickets, parking fines etc)41 Plastic PL41 Cosmetics42 Plastic PL42 Water filters, kitchen appliances, toilet brushes etc

VIII

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.)



43 Foamed Plastic FP01 Foam sponge44 Foamed Plastic FP02 Cups and food packs45 Foamed Plastic FP03 Foam buoys46 Foamed Plastic FP04 Foam (insulation & packaging)47 Foamed Plastic FP05 Other (specify)48 Cloth CL01 Clothing, shoes, hats and towels49 Cloth CL02 Backpack and bags50 Cloth CL03 Canvas, sailcloth and sacking51 Cloth CL04 Rope and string52 Cloth CL05 Carpet and furnishings53 Cloth CL06 Other (specify)54 Glass & ceramic GC01 Construction material (brick, cement, pipes)55 Glass & ceramic GC02 Tableware (plates & cups)56 Glass & ceramic GC03 Light globes/bulbs57 Glass & ceramic GC04 Fluorescent light tubes58 Glass & ceramic GC05 Glass buoys59 Glass & ceramic GC06 Glass or ceramic fragments60 Glass & ceramic GC07 Glass jars and bottles61 Glass & ceramic GC08 Other (specify)62 Metal M01 Tableware (plates, cups & cutlery)63 Metal M02 Bottle caps, lids & pull tabs64 Metal M03 Aluminium drink cans65 Metal M04 Other cans (< 4 L)66 Metal M05 Gas bottles, drums & buckets ( > 4 L)67 Metal M06 Foil wrappers68 Metal M07 Fishing related (sinkers, lures, hooks, traps & pots)69 Metal M08 Fragments70 Metal M09 Wire, wire mesh & barbed wire71 Metal M10 Automotive parts72 Metal M11 Other (specify)73 Paper & cardboard PC01 Paper (including newspapers & magazines)74 Paper & cardboard PC02 Cardboard boxes & fragments75 Paper & cardboard PC03 Cups, food trays, food wrappers, cigarette packs, drink containers76 Paper & cardboard PC04 Tubes for fireworks77 Paper & cardboard PC05 Other (specify)

IX

Appendix 6. Litter Classification Table (cont.)



78 Rubber R01 Balloons, balls & toys79 Rubber R02 Footwear (Thongs)80 Rubber R03 Gloves81 Rubber R04 Tyres82 Rubber R05 Inner tubes and rubber sheet83 Rubber R06 Rubber bands 84 Rubber R07 Condoms85 Rubber R08 Other (specify)86 Rubber R09 Marine and freshwater sports87 Rubber R10 Aquaculture Rubber tubing and bands88 Rubber R11 Marine and freshwater sports89 Wood W01 Corks90 Wood W02 Fishing traps and pots91 Wood W03 Ice-cream sticks, chip forks, chopsticks & toothpicks92 Wood W04 Processed timber and pallet crates93 Wood W05 Matches & fireworks94 Composite C01 Appliances & Electronics95 Other OT01 Paraffin or wax96 Other OT02 Sanitary (nappies)97 Other OT03 House hold Battery98 Other OT04 Car parts (engines)99 Other OT05 Car Battery100 Other OT06 Paint and paint products101 Other OT07 Chairs102 Other OT08 Other (specify)

X

Appendix 7. Fragmented Plastics Data Sheet

Description (color)

Blue Red Green Yellow Black White

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Count

(# Items)

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Sample 5

Total

Fragmented PlasticTotal Notes

XI

Appendix 8. Large Items Data Sheet

Organisation Organisation responsible for the survey

Surveyor Name Name of the surveyor (person/s responsible for f illing in this sheet)

Contact Phone Contact for surveyor

Region Name for the region

Beach ID Unique identity code for the beach

Date

Notes

LARGE ITEM DESCRIPTION

Item type Status (floating,

sunken, stranded buried)

Latitude/Longitude Description

LARGE ITEMS DATA SHEET Site Name: ( )

Use only for items that were notcollected.

Complete survey data at top of formand then ONE row for EACH ITEM.

XII

Appendix 9. Litter Origins Information Table (International Barcode Number)

Barcode Country Barcode Country Barcode Country Barcode Country

000 - 139 United States and Canada 500 - 509 UK 624 Libya 779 Argentina300 - 379 France 520 Greece 625 Jordan 780 Chile380 Bulgaria 528 Lebanon 626 Iran 784 Paraguay383 Slovenia 529 Cyprus 627 Kuwait 786 Ecuador385 Croatia 530 Albania 628 Saudi Arabia 789 - 790 Brazil 387 BIH (Bosnia-Herzegovina) 531 MAC (FYR Macedonia) 629 Emirates 800 - 839 Italy 400 - 440 Germany 535 Malta 640 - 649 Finland 840 - 849 Spain 450 - 459 Japan 539 Ireland 690 - 695 China 850 Cuba460 - 469 Russia 540 - 549 Belgium & Luxembourg 700 - 709 Norway 858 Slovakia470 Kurdistan 560 Portugal 729 Israel 859 Czech471 Taiwan 569 Iceland 730 - 739 Sweden 860 YU (Serbia & Montenegro)474 Estonia 570 - 579 Denmark 740 Guatemala 865 Mongolia475 Latvia 590 Poland 741 El Salvador 867 North Korea476 Azerbaijan 594 Romania 742 Honduras 868 - 869 Turkey477 Lithuania 599 Hungary 743 Nicaragua 870 - 879 Netherlands478 Uzbekistan 600 - 601 South Africa 744 Costa Rica 880 South Korea479 Sri Lanka 603 Ghana 745 Panama 884 Cambodia480 Philippines 608 Bahrain 746 Dominican Republic 885 Thailand481 Belarus 609 Mauritius 750 Mexico 888 Singapore482 Ukraine 611 Morocco 754 - 755 Canada 890 India484 Moldova 613 Algeria 759 Venezuela 893 Vietnam485 Armenia 616 Kenya 760 - 769 Switzerland 899 Indonesia486 Georgia 618 Ivory Coast 770 Colombia 900 - 919 Austria487 Kazakhstan 619 Tunisia 773 Uruguay 930 - 939 Australia489 Hong Kong 621 Syria 775 Peru 940 - 949 New Zealand490 - 499 Japan 622 Egypt 777 Bolivia 955 Malaysia

958 Macau

XIII

Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010

(A)

(B)

Figure 14. Number of litter items collected from major litter categories per site (A) and total number of litter items with corresponding mass (kg) per site (B), for Gulf St. Vincent (blue bars) and Kangaroo Island (red bars), 2010.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Number of litter item

s / catego

ry

Site

Composite

Foam

Glass and ceramic

Material and clothing

Metal

Other

Paper and cardboard

Plastic

Rubber

Wood

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Victor Harbor East

Waitpinga

beach

Tunkalilla beach

Lands End

Morgan's beach

Rapid bay

Carackalinga

Willunga

Hallet C

ove

O' Sullivans beach

Tennyson

North Parham

Great Sandy beach

Tiddy Widdy beach

Mullowurtie Point

Black Point

Port Vincent Long beach

Stansbury back beach

Point H

icks

Wattle Bay

Kemps Bay

Bangalee beach

Chinamans A

Chinamans B

Cable Bay

Cape Spencer

American

beach

Point M

orrison

Red

Banks

Rocky Point

Bales Bay

Cape Gantheaum

e

Destrees Bay

Rocky River

Sandhurst beach

Sandy Creek beach

Vivonne

Bay

West Bay

Mass (kg)


s

Site

Total number of items

Total mass (kg)

XIV

Appendix 10. Marine Debris Survey Data, GSV and KI, 2010

Figure 15. Total number of items and total mass (kg) of major litter types collected from 38 sites across Gulf St. Vincent and Kangaroo Island, June – September, 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Mass (kg)


s

Major litter category

Count

Mass (kg)

XV

Volunteer Checklist for Marine Debris Surveys

Volunteer registration form sent to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural

Resources Management Board.

Copy of volunteer registration form to take on site with emergency phone contact

details for all members at site.

Marine Debris Sampling Equipment

Marine Debris Survey Information Guide with extra data sheets

Maps of transect site (Marine Debris Sampling Pack)

Marine Debris Sampling Kit/s

GPS unit or mobile phone with GPS application

2 garden stakes or ribbon to mark beginning and end of the sampling transect.

4 pegs for fragmented plastic sampling

Measuring tape

String

Sieve

Containers or bags for fragmented plastic

Tarpaulin

Gloves

Sharp knife

XVI

Camera

Pens, pencils

Permanent marker or labels to identify marine debris collection bags

Shovel

Personal Equipment

Appropriate clothing (long sleeves, a hat), footwear (sturdy shoes), and water-proof

outer garments for current weather conditions.

Personnel with First Aid training from a recognised training organisation.

First aid kit/s

Sunscreen

At least 2L of water

Sunglasses

Wet weather/ cold weather clothing

XVII

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Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board205 Greenhill RoadEastwood SA 5063Phone 08 8273 9100www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au

marine debris survey information guide...marine debris survey information guide 2 1.0 introduction...

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