marine birds
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Marine Birds. Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 6. Amniote relationships. Birds vs. other reptiles. Feathered wings (airfoils) Honeycombed bones (hollow spaces) Reduction of organs Females have one ovary Absence of teeth Endothermic Higher metabolic rates needed for flight - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Birds vs. other reptiles• Feathered wings (airfoils)• Honeycombed bones (hollow
spaces)• Reduction of organs
Females have one ovary• Absence of teeth• Endothermic
Higher metabolic rates needed for flight• Respiration: efficient, one-way flow• Circulation: four-chambered heart• Acute visual systems
Coordination of flight
Osmotic balance: seabirds
•Acquiring water Diet
•How would a diet of Osteichthyes promote osmotic balance?
•What about an invertebrate diet? Drink
•Marine birds do not require fresh water– May drink if available
•Actively avoid drinking seawater•Mechanisms for water expulsion?
– Penguin regurgitate example
Metabolically-produced water (e- transport)
Osmotic balance: seabirds
•Water loss Skin Sweat glands Exhalation Able to control?
• Excretion of water and ions Kidneys
• Long/densely-packed “Loops of Henle”
Intestines (no role) Salt glands (supraorbital, NaCl, 2X seawater)
Thermoregulation
•How does the thermal climate of seabirds compare to terrestrial birds? Tropical Polar
•Fat and feathers
•Special oils
•BMR
Seabird Orders•Sphenisciformes
Penguins!
•Pelicaniformes Pelicans, frigatebirds, gannets,
boobies, cormorants
•Procellariformes Albatrosses, petrels, storm-
petrels, fulmars, shearwaters
•Charadriiformes Gulls, skuas, jaegers, auks,
guillemots, puffins
Focus: Sphenisciformes•Anatomical
adaptations for diving Bones Hindlimbs Forelimbs Air sacs Feathers Carotid
arteries Size and diving
Penguins: Distribution 1
GalapagosHumboldtMagellanicGentooRockhopperMacaroni
African
LittleFjordlandSnares IslandErect CrestedRockhopperYellow-eyed
Distribution 2: Antarctic penguins
GentooChinstrap
AdelieEmperor
King*Macaroni*GentooRockhopperRoyal
*Broadly distributed
Focus: Adelie Penguins
•Feeding: Interrelationshi
p of ice, phytoplantkon, krill and penguins
•Breeding
•Adelies and global climate
Order Procellariiformes• Overview
The tubenose…• Focus: Albatrosses
General Feeding Foraging Flight
Black-browed albatrossPhoto: K. Haberman
Order Procellariiformes
•Focus: storm petrels Feeding Nesting
Wilson’s storm petrelPhoto: K. Haberman
• Focus: Southern Giant Petrel (defense)
Order Procellariiformes
Southern giant petrelPhoto: K. Haberman
Order Charadriiformes•Focus: Oregon coastal seabirds
Pigeon guillemotsPhoto: K Haberman
Common murrePhoto: Nick Kontonicolas