marilyn rose. abdominal cavity ***between the diaphragm and sacral promontory***** peritoneum thin...
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Marilyn Rose
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Abdominal cavity ***Between the diaphragm and sacral promontory*****
PeritoneumThin serous membraneParietal- lines abd wallsVisceral- covers organsThe cavity houses- liver (except bare area), GB,
spleen, stomach, ovaries and most intestinesMales- closed cavityFemales- communicates with exterior though
fallopian tubes, UT, and vagina
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Peritoneum contd. Greater Sac communicates with the lesser
Sac by the Foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen)
Folds in the peritoneum= mesentery, omenta and peritoneal ligaments.Mesentery encloses intestines and attaches them
to the abd wallOmentum- mesentery attaching to stomach
○ Greater- connects > curve of sto to spleen/ TRV colon
○ Lesser- connects duodenum, < curve to liver.
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Ligaments3: > omental ligaments:
○ Gastrocolic, gastrosplenic and gastrophrenic2: < omental:
○ Hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal2: Liver ligaments:
○ Round (ligamentum teres)○ Falciform
Diaphragm to liver:○ Coronary ligaments○ Margins of the “bare area”
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Bare Area of the Liver
The coronary ligaments represent reflections of the visceral peritoneum covering the liver onto the diaphragm. As such, between the two layers of the coronary ligament there is a large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering; this is named the bare area of the liver, and is attached to the diaphragm by areolar tissue.
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Peritoneal spaces Supracolic compartment
Above transverse colonR/L subphrenic spaces
○ Between diaph and anterior liver- R/L by falciform ligament
R/L subhepatic spaces○ Post/ inferior btw liver and abdominal viscera○ Rt= Morison’s Pouch– deepest in supine pt
and common site for fluid collections!!
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Peritoneal spaces
Infracolic compartmentBelow transverse colonR/L infracolic spaces
○ Divided by mesentery of small intestineparacolic gutters
○ Lateral to ascentind and descending colon○ Deeper RT is also a common site for fluid
collections….
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Peritoneal Spaces
What is the inflammation of the peritoneum and what is the most common cause???
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Retroperitoneum Structures located posterior to peritoneum and still
lined by it.
Kidneys/ ureters Adrenal glands Pancreas Duodenum/ ascending/descending colon AO Inferior vena cava Bladder Uterus Prostate gland
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Retroperitoneum
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Retroperitoneal Spaces Anterior pararenal space
Between Grota’s fascia/ post peritoneumAscending/descending colon and pancreas and
duodenum.
Posterior pararenal spacePosterior renal fascia and muscles of posterior abd
wall (only fat and vessels in this space)
LT/RT perirenal space areas directly around kidneyThis space contains the kidneys, adrenal glands,
lymph nodes, blood vessels and perirenal fat
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Abdominal Aorta
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Abdominal Aorta Retroperitoneal
Delivers O2 blood to abdominopelvic structures
L4- bifurcates- Rt/Lt- Common iliac arteries
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Abdominal Aorta Celiac Trunk
Off anterior wall- 3 arteries○ 1. left gastric○ 2. common hepatic- (divides into the hepatic artery and
gastroduodenal artery)○ 3. splenic
SMA○ L1- inferior to celiac and descends behind pancreas
Renal arteriesArise from lateral walls of AOBelow SMARRA longer than left and passes posterior to IVC
FYI: Renal artery stenosis can lead to HTN!!!!!
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Normal
Abnormal
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Inferior Vena Cava Largest vein in the body Carries blood to the heart from the lower limbs, pelvic
organs and abdomen L5- is formed by the common iliac veins Ascends superiorly through the retroperitoneum along
the anterior verterbal column to the RT of the AO. Renal veins- empty into IVC @ L2
Lt renal vein- posterior to SMA and anterior to the aorta with the LT gonadal vein draining into it
Hepatic veins3 – Rt/ Middle/ LtCollects blood from liver parenchymaDrain from inferior liver to the superior where they empty into
the IVC below the diaphragm and proximal to the Rt atrium
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Inferior Vena Cava
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Where is the IVC???
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TIPS-
RA-stent
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IVC- what is wrong?
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IVC Thrombosis
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If the IVC thrombosis…what then?
AZYGOUS RECANALIZATION
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Biliary Atresia…Leads to cirrhosis & MPV thrombosis
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Hepatoblastoma
How do we fix these??
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Liver Transplant:
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