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MarieMarie--Eve BrassardEve BrassardDépartement des sciences animalesDépartement des sciences animales

ContextContext•• Goat in Canada Goat in Canada

7625 f 7625 f →→ 450 ith 100 t450 ith 100 t–– 7625 farms 7625 farms →→ 450 with 100 goats450 with 100 goats–– Quebec : 1070 farms Quebec : 1070 farms →→100 with 40 goats100 with 40 goats

Statistics Canada, 2006; AAC, 2006

•• Meat goat in QuebecMeat goat in Quebec–– About 100 farms with more thanAbout 100 farms with more than 10 goats 10 goats

M h d l’ d 2006–– Breeders and Goat showBreeders and Goat show–– Period of high demand (holidays)Period of high demand (holidays)

Monographie de l’industrie caprine, 2006

•• Producers prioritiesProducers priorities–– Improve knowledgeImprove knowledge of of ffeedingeeding growing kidsgrowing kidsp gp g gg g gg g–– Characterize Characterize goat meatgoat meat

The challengeThe challenge

•• WorkWork hard to hard to convinceconvince

gg

•• HeterogeneousHeterogeneous groupgroupS ll S ll h dh d–– Small Small herdsherds

–– GeneticGenetic selectionselection and managementand management

–– SelectionSelection for for researchresearch: not : not reallyreally!!!!

•• BuildBuild the the falicitiesfalicities atat the the experimentalexperimental farmfarm•• BuildBuild the the falicitiesfalicities atat the the experimentalexperimental farmfarm

•• DevelopDevelop collaboration collaboration withwith slaughterhouseslaughterhouse and and pp ggbutcherbutcher shopshop

ResearchResearchTopicsTopicspp

1 Validation of equation used to predict metabolizable1 Validation of equation used to predict metabolizable1. Validation of equation used to predict metabolizableprotein (MP) requirements

a) Growth trial

1. Validation of equation used to predict metabolizableprotein (MP) requirements

a) Growth triala) Growth trial

b) Digestion trial

a) Growth trial

b) Digestion trial

2. Characterization of goat meat2. Characterization of goat meat

3. Pasture feeding for growing dairy and meat kids3. Pasture feeding for growing dairy and meat kids

Project and Project and ObjectivesObjectives

MaterialMaterial & & MethodsMethods ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

1.1. Validation of equation used to predict MP requirementsValidation of equation used to predict MP requirementsq p qq p q

a)a) Growth trialGrowth trial

To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn g yg yon growth performances.on growth performances.


MaterialMaterial & & MethodsMethods ResultsResults ConclusionConclusionjj

•• 24 Boer kids24 Boer kids

0/100%0/100% 50%/50%50%/50% 100%/0100%/0

•• Dry Dry mattermatter intakeintakeDry Dry mattermatter intakeintake

•• Body Body weightweight gaingain

E d f E d f ff dd 45 k45 k•• End of End of fatteningfattening periodperiod →→ 45 kg45 kg


MaterialMaterial & & MethodsMethods

ResultsResultsConclusionConclusionjj

GrowthGrowth performances of performances of meatmeat kidskidsGrain Source P

Barley Barley/Corn Corn SEM Lin Quad y y QInitial BW (kg) 26.3 27.1 26.2 1.5 ns nsFinal BW (kg) 43.4 45.3 43.3 0.9 ns 0.05AD Gain (g/d) 168 171 148 9 ns ns

Initial BW (kg) 26.3 27.1 26.2 1.5 ns nsFinal BW (kg) 43.4 45.3 43.3 0.9 ns 0.05

DM Intake (g/d) 983 1010 910 39 ns nsFeed efficiency (kg/kg) 0.170 0.170 0.173 0.007 ns nsFattening period (d) 106 106 118 9 ns ns


MaterialMaterial & & MethodsMethods ResultsResults

ConclusionConclusionjj

G i h d ff h fG i h d ff h fGrain source had no effect on growth performances.Grain source had no effect on growth performances.



1.1. Validation of equation used to predict MP requirementsValidation of equation used to predict MP requirements1.1. Validation of equation used to predict MP requirementsValidation of equation used to predict MP requirements

b)b) Digestion trialDigestion trial

To compare NRC (2007) To compare NRC (2007) theoreticaltheoretical requirementsrequirements withwithpredictedpredicted performances of kids performances of kids obtainedobtained withwith differentdifferent

levelslevels of of degradabledegradable energyenergy and and proteinprotein in in dietsdiets..



•• 88 Boer kidsBoer kids

•• 4 4 ×× 4 Latin squares4 Latin squares

•• Corn Corn vs.Barleyvs.Barley ××Whole vs. GroundWhole vs. Ground

•• Untreated vs. Heat treated soybean mealUntreated vs. Heat treated soybean meal

Ad (10 Ad (10 dd ))•• Adaptation (10 Adaptation (10 daysdays))

•• Total collection (7 Total collection (7 daysdays))

•• RuminalRuminal measurementsmeasurements (4 (4 daysdays))




Work in progress. Work in progress.



2.2. Meat characterizationMeat characterization

To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn on To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn on To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn on To investigate the effects of level of barley and corn on meat quality and muscle fatty acid composition.meat quality and muscle fatty acid composition.



•• 15 kids from 15 kids from GGrowthrowth trialtrial

•• 5 kids/treatment5 kids/treatment

LL dd•• LongissimusLongissimus dorsidorsi

•• WBSFWBSF

•• pH pH

•• Cooking Cooking losslossgg

•• FattyFatty acidacid profileprofile




Longissimus dorsi characteristicsGrain Source P

Barley Barley/Corn Corn SEM Lin. Quad. Dressing yield (%) 47.5 49.5 49.2 1.1 ns nsRib ( 2) 13 3 13 2 12 8 0 7Dressing yield (%) 47.5 49.5 49.2 1.1 ns nsRib ( 2) 13 3 13 2 12 8 0 7Ribeye area (cm2) 13.3 13.2 12.8 0.7 ns nsWBSF (kg) 3.2 2.9 4.3 0.4 ns nsCooking loss (%) 14.4 12.1 15.2 2.0 ns nsUltimate pH 6 0 6 3 5 9 0 2 ns ns

Ribeye area (cm2) 13.3 13.2 12.8 0.7 ns nsWBSF (kg) 3.2 2.9 4.3 0.4 ns nsCooking loss (%) 14.4 12.1 15.2 2.0 ns nsUltimate pH 6.0 6.3 5.9 0.2 ns nsComposition (%)

Moisture 73.3 73.6 72.9 0.4 ns nsProtein 23 6 23 7 24 0 0 3 ns nsProtein 23.6 23.7 24.0 0.3 ns nsFat 2.8 2.7 2.6 0.4 ns ns




ωω 3 3 f ttf tt ididωω 6/6/ωω 3 3 f ttf tt idid titiωω--3 3 fattyfatty acidsacidsLin.

P




TransTrans C18:1C18:1

4

5Série 1

2

3

4

ns

0

1

2 ns

Barley B/C Corn Beef Lamb




TransTrans C18:1C18:1

4

5Série 1

2

3

4

ns

0

1

2 ns

Barley B/C Corn Beef Lamb Angood et al., 2008Enser et al., 1998




Carcass and meat quality were similar irrespective of Carcass and meat quality were similar irrespective of the grain source in the concentrate of the diet.the grain source in the concentrate of the diet.

Corn grain increased the proportion of Corn grain increased the proportion of ωω--3 3 fattyfatty acidsacidsg p pg p p yyand and decreaseddecreased the ratio of the ratio of ωω--6 to 6 to ωω--3 3 fatty acids fatty acids

compared with barley.compared with barley.p yp y



3.3. Pasture feedingPasture feeding for dairy and meatfor dairy and meat kidskidsgg yy

To compare the effects of pasture with conventional (grain) To compare the effects of pasture with conventional (grain) feeding system on growth, carcass composition and meat feeding system on growth, carcass composition and meat g y g pg y g p

quality on dairy and meat kids.quality on dairy and meat kids.



•• 40 kids40 kids

D i D i l l dl l d M tM t•• Dairy Dairy (mostly Alpine and (mostly Alpine and SaanenSaanen) vs. ) vs. MeatMeat (Boer)(Boer)

•• DMI, ADG… DMI, ADG…

•• CarcassCarcass and nonand non--carcasscarcass componentscomponents

•• Commercial Commercial cutscuts (muscle (muscle bonebone fat) fat)Commercial Commercial cutscuts (muscle, (muscle, bonebone, fat), fat)

•• pH, WBSF…pH, WBSF…




Laboratory analyses in progress.Laboratory analyses in progress.

PreliminaryPreliminary resultsresults willwill bebe presentedpresented atatPreliminaryPreliminary resultsresults willwill bebe presentedpresented atat

ADSAADSA--ASAS Joint Annual Meeting.ASAS Joint Annual Meeting.

ConclusionConclusion

•• Grain source (cornGrain source (corn vs. vs. bbarleyarley)) in kid in kid dietsdiets hadhad no no effecteffect on on (( yy))growthgrowth performances.performances.

•• OmegaOmega 3 3 fattyfatty acidsacids in in meatmeat increasedincreased withwith the corn proportion the corn proportion •• OmegaOmega--3 3 fattyfatty acidsacids in in meatmeat increasedincreased withwith the corn proportion the corn proportion in kid in kid dietsdiets..

ll •• More More resultsresults to cometo come•• MP MP requirementsrequirements

P t P t f dif di•• Pasture Pasture feedingfeeding

EE if if it’it’ bibi h ll h ll itit thth itit !!EvenEven if if it’sit’s a a bigbig challenge, challenge, itit worthworth itit !!

ThanksThanks!!

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