MARIANA 1MARIANA I is a botanical listing of over 600 plants given names or symbolism referring to God, the Virgin Mary, the angelsand the saints in popular Christian tradition.

The title MARIANA attests to the general Christian attribution of flowers to Mary, the "Flower of flowers", archetype of thefeminine principle in nature and in grace; and also the medieval name, "St. Mary's Garden" or "Mary Garden', given togardens of symbolical plants cultivated in praise of Mary, the "Garden Enclosed".

The religious plant names and associations listed here have been taken from over 100 general, horticultural, folk-lore anddialect dictionaries, horticultural listings, and books of religious legends and customs. Where two or more religious nameshave been found for one plant, the one listed has been chosen for its uniqueness or for its special appropriateness to the plant.In MARIANA 2, now in preparation, it is planned to list all the distinct religious names found for each plant, together withtheir supporting documentations. A portion of this documentation was published in the article, "Mary Garden Research - AProgress Report", by John S. Stokes Jr., Queen of the Missions, Chicago, February, 1955.

A number of the religious plant names in MARIANA 1 were listed in the unpublished paper, "Religious Symbolism in Plants",by Winifred Jelliffe Emerson of Chicago, based on research undertaken by her at the suggestion of Mrs. Lillie in the winter of1932-1933. This paper and its supporting research notes are now in the files of Mary's Gardens, Philadelphia, a gift from Dr.Alfred Emerson in 1954. Mrs. Lillie's leaflet, "Our Lady in Her Garden", was republished at Woods Hole in 1937, incorporatingadditional religious plant names from Mrs. Emerson's research.

The Woods Hole Garden of Our Lady was cared for, including complete restoration after three hurricanes, by Mr. Wheeler,with the assistance of Joseph Dias, from 1932 until after the death of Mrs. Lillie in 1958, and is now maintained by NelsonCahoon under the supervision of Mrs. Lillie's cousin, Mrs. Margaret E. Gigger, through a perpetual trust fund established forthis purpose by Mrs. Lillie. An article, "Lillie Tower", by Rev. James J. Galvin, C.SS.R., reprinted in Our Lady's Digest,October, 1946, from Perpetual Help, August, 1946, brought this garden and its accompanying Angelus Tower, also establishedby Mrs. Lillie, to the attention of John S. Stokes Jr, and Edward A. McTague, who founded the present-day Mary Gardenmovement in Philadelphia in 1951, with the blessing of Mrs. Lillie. 2.

The botanical listings in MARIANA 1 have been edited where necessary to convert the names in the research to the equivalentnames for the identical plants as found in Bailey's Hortus Second (H2) and Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture (CH), Graf'sExotica 3 (E3) and/or Moldenke's Plants of the Bible (PB), in that order. In those instances where only the genus was given inthe research, an appropriate species has been indicated in parentheses. Where a number of plants in the genus share thereligious name (as with Clematis, Cypriedium and Spiranthes) one or two horticulturally most suitable species have beenlisted.

All religious names listed are from the research. Symbols, emblems, legends and uses for which no corresponding name hasbeen found are indicated in parentheses. Scriptural, liturgical and poetic figures are given in quotation marks.

Authorities, including The Oxford English Dictionary, are in agreement that the words "Lady", "Lady's" and, "Ladies" in theolder English plant names are almost always foreshortenings of "Our Lady". Similarly, "Virgin", "Virgin's" and "Mary's" areconsidered in most cases as referring to the Virgin Mary. "Maiden" and "Queen" in popular plant names are frequentlyparalleled by "Lady" and "Mary" in alternate namings, but are listed also in view of the widespread historical transferral offeminine plant symbolism in other traditions to the Virgin Mary in Christian tradition. Included also are plants symbolic ofvirtues of which Mary is looked to as the model. Named varieties and hybrids of recent origins, however, have generally notbeen listed unless of specifically religious significance.

In addition to English popular religious names of plants, MARIANA 1 also lists, in English translation, names from theFrench, German and Spanish. In MARIANA 2 the names will be listed as originally found as well as in translation. Specialacknowledgement is made of the many Spanish names, largely from Latin America, contributed by the research of Mrs.Bonnie Roberson of Hagerman, Idaho.

Under "Growth" (G) the following coding is used:

(A) Herbaceous Annual (S) Woody Shrub (B) Herbaceous Biennial (T) Woody Tree (P) Herbaceous Perennial

MARIANA 2 will provide fuller cultural data.

Commercial sources for seeds, bulbs or plants of species marked (G6) are listed in Plant Buyer's Guide, 6th Edition, publishedby the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. In some lnstances we have located sources for species not listed in the Guide.

A library of color slide photographs of the species listed is being assembled, from which copies will be made available.

It is hoped MARIANA 1 will stimulate the starting of botanical collections of the plants listed, as well as Mary Gardens of thevarious cultural groupings,. 3.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Abrus precatoris Crab's Eye Rosary Plant P Tropics H2 G6Acacia (farnesiana) Thorny Acacia (Crown Thorns) S Mex.,Asia,Africa H2 G6Acacia greggii Texas Mimosa Paradise Flowr T Tex,Mex, H2 G6Acer pseudoplatanua Sycamore (Flight Egypt) T Europe.,W.Asia H2 G6Achillea atrata. Achillea Lady's Smoke P Cent. Europe H2Achillea clavenae Achillea Lady's Smoke P Europe H2 G6Achillea moschata Achillea Lady's Rue P Europe H2Achras zapoi-aj Marmalade Plum Mary's Tree T Cent.America H2 G6Aconitum napellus Monkshood Mary's Slipper P Europe H2 G6Adenophora (conf.) Gland Bell Flwr Lady-Bell P China H2 G6Adiantum cap.-ven. Maidenhair Fern Lady's Hair P Europe, America H2 G6Adiantum tenerum Maidenhair Fern Maiden's Hair P Trop. America H2 G6Adonis aestivalis Pheasant's Eye Mary's Rose A Cent. Europe H2 G6Adoxa moschatella Musk-Root Lady's Mantle P N.Amer,N,Eu,Asia H2 G6Aechmea mariae-reg. Aechmea Queen Mary P Costa Rica CH G6Aechmea racina Xmas Jewels Xmas Jewels P Trop. Brazil E3 G6Agrostemma githago Corn Cockel Mary's Rose A Europe, Asia H2Alchemilla alpina Lady's Mantle Lady's Mantle P Mts. of Europe G6Alchemilla vulgaris Lady's Mantle Mary's Mantle P Europe H2 G6Alhagia camelorum Camel's Thorn "Balm" T Mediterranean PBAlnus glutinosa Black Alder (Cross) T Eu.,N.Afr.,Asia H2 G6Althea officinalis Marshmallow Lady's Cheeses P N.America H2 06Althea rosea Hollyhock St. Jos. Staff B China H2 G6Amaryllis belladona Belladonna Beautiful Lady P S.Africa H2 G6Amelanchier ovalis Juneberry Lady's Apple S Europe H2 G6Anacardium occid. Cashew (Crown Thorns) T Trop.America H2Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernl Ladybird A Europe,Asia H2 G6Anaphalis margarit. Pearly Evrlastg Lady Neverfade P N.Amer,Eu,N.Asia H2 G6Anastatica hieroch. Rose of Jericho Rose Jericho A Asia Minor H2Andropogon aromat. Ginger Grass "Sweet Cane" P Mediterranian PBAnemone coronaria Anemone Rose of Sharon P Mediterranian H2 G6Anemone fulgens Scarlet Anemone Blood-Drops XP P France H2 G6Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Candlemas Caps P Europe.Asia H2 G6Anemone vernalis Alpine Anemone Lady-of-Snow O Europe H2 G6Angelica archangel. Angelica (Angel) P Europe,Asia H2 G6Anguola (virginal.) Cradle Orchid Cradle Orchid P Colombia E3Antennaria dioica Everlasting Lady's Flower P Europe,Asia H2 G6Anthemus cotula Chamomile Maiden Weed A Europe CH G6Anthriscus sylvest. Cow Parsley Lady's Lace B Europe,W.Asia H2Anthyllis vulner. Kidney Vetch Lady's Fingers P Europe H2Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine Queen's Wreath P Mexico H2 G6Apocynum androsaem. Fly Trap Mary's Rose P N.America H2Aquilaria agallocha Eaglewood "Aloes" T S.E.Asia PBAquilegia vulgaris Columbine Lady's Shoes P Europe,Siberia H2 G6Arabis albida Rock Cress Lady's Cushion P Caucuses. H2 G6Araucaria excelsa Norfolk Is. Pine Xmas Tree Plt. T S.Pacific H2 G6Arecastrum romanz. Queen Palm Queen Palm T N.S.America H2 G6Arisaema triphyl. Jack-in-Pulpit Blood Drops XP P E.N.America. H2 G6Armeria maritima Sea Thrift L.Pincushion P N.W.Europe H2 G6Arnica montana Mt.Tobacco L.Milkplant P Europe H2 G6Artedia squamata Madonna Flower Madonna Flower P PalestineArtemisia absinth. Wormwood Mary's Tree S Europe H2 G6Artemisia camphor. Southernwood Lady's Maid S B.Europe H2

4.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Artemisia pontica Roman Wormwood Lady's Needle S Europe H2 G6Arum maculatum Cuckoo-Pint Lady-Lords P Europe,N.Africa H2 G6Asparagus plumoso Asparagus Fern Maiden's Hair P S.Africa H2 G6Asperula odorata Sweet Woodruff O.L Needlework P Europe,Asia H2 G6Asplenium felix-fem. Lady Fern Lady Fern P Europe H2 G6Asplenium ruta-mur. Fern Lady's Hair P Eastern U.S. H2 G6

Asplenium tricho. Spleenwort Lady's Hair P N.Amer,,Eu.,Asia H2 G6Aster (frikarti) Aster Mary's Star P (hybrid) H2 G6Aster amellus Italian Aster OL Birthday Fl P Europe.,Asia H2 G6Aster grandiflorus Aster Xmas Starwort P S.E.U.S. H2Astragalus utahens. Pink Ladyfinger Lady's Fingers P Mont.,Wyo.,Utah H2Astrantia major Masterwort Lady's Mantle P Europe H2 G6Atropa belladonna Deadly Nightshd. Beautiful Lady P Europe,Asia H2 G6Baileya multirad. Desert Marigold Marygold A S-W.U.S.,Mex. H2 G6Beamontia grandif. Heralds Trumpet Eastler L.Vine P India,Himalayas H2 G6Begonia (various) Angel Wing Beg. Angel's Wing P Trop. America E3 G6Begonia cheim. Lady Mac Beg. Xmas Begonia P (hybrid) H2Begonia fuchsioides Begonia Heart of Jesus P Mexico H2 G6Begonia fuch. rosea Begonia Heart of Mary P Mexico H2 G6Begonia heraclei. Star Begonia Lady Fringe P Mexico H2 G6Bellis perennis English Daisy. Mary-Love B Europe H2 G6 Barberis vulgaris Barberry Lady's Leaf S Europe H2 06Bessera elegens Mex.Coral Drops Lady'sEardrops P Mexico H2 G6Betula nana Low Birch (Scourging) T N.Asia,N.Europe H2 G6Betula (papyrifera) Birch Lady-of-Woods T N.N.America H2 G6Betula pendula Weeping Birch Lady's Birch T Eu.,Asia Minor H2 G6Bidens (pilosa) Burr-Marigold Marygold A S. United States H2 G6Bignonia capreolata Trumpet-Flower Cross-Vine P E. & Cent. U.S. H2 G6Billbergia nutans Queen's Tears Queen's Tears P S.Brazil, Argent.H2 G6Boswellia (various) Fankincense "Frankincense" T Asis minor,India PBBrassavola nodosa Orchid Lady-of-Night P Cent.America H2 G6Brassica nigra Black Mustard "Mustard Seed" A Eurasia H2Briza media Quaking Grass Lady's Hair P Eurasia H2Brunfelsia america Lady-of-Night Lady-of-Night S W.Indies H2 G6Bryonica dioica Bryony Lady's Signet P Europe, W.Asia H2Buphthalmum salic. Yellow Ox-Eye Mary's Plant P S.Europe H2 G6Buxus (sempervirens) Boxwood (Candlemas) S Eu.,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6

Caesalpina bonduc Molucca Bean V. Mary's Nut S Trop.America H2Caladium bicolor Caladium Queen's Mantle P Trop.America H2Caladium (hortul.) Caladium Angel-Wings P Trop.America E3 G6Calceolaria (herbeo) Ladyslipper Lady's Slipper P Chile CH G6Calendula officin. Marigold Marygold A S.Europe H2 G6Calliandra eriophy. Fairy Duster Angel's Hair S W.United States H2 G6Calluna vulgaris Heather L.Adversary B Europe, Asia H2 G6Calonyction acul. Moonflower Lady-of-Night P Tropics,Florida H2 G6Calophyllum antill. Maria Mary T W.Indies H2Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Marygold P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6Camellia (japonica) Camelia (Purity) T China, Japan H2 G6Campanula fragilis Bethlehem Star Bethlehem Star P Italy H2 G6Campanula isophylla Bethlehem Star Mary's Star P Italy H2 G6Campanula medium Canterbury Bells Mary-Bells B S.Eu. H2 G6

5.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Campanula rotundif. Harebell Lady's Thimble P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2 G6Canna (generalis) Canna (Rosary Beads) P Europe H2 G6Capparis spinosa Wild Hyssop (Crown Thorns) B Mediterranean H2 G6Capsella bursa-pas. Shepard's Purse Lady's Pouches P EnglandCapsicum frutescens Bird Pepper Xmas Candle A Trop.S.Amer. H2 G6Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower Lady's Smock P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2 G6Carlina acaulis Charlem. Thistle Mary's Thistle P S.Europe. H2 G6Cassia allata Ringworm Cassia Xmas Candle S Tropics H2Cattleya dowiana Queen Cattleya Queen Cattleya P Costa Rica H2 G6Cattleya mossiae Spring Cattleya Easter Orchid P Venezuela H2 G6Cattleya triana Winter Cattleya Xmas Orchid P Colombia H2 G6Caulophyllum thal. Blue Cohosh Lady's Root P E.N.America H2 G6Cedronella canar. Canary-Balm "Balm-of-Gilead" T Canary Islands H2Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon Cedar of Leban. T Asia Minor H2 G6Ceiba pentandra Silk Cotton God's Tree T Tropics H2Centaurea cyanus Corn Flower Mary's Crown A S.E.Europe H2 G6

Centaurea nigra Knapweed Lady's Bells P Europe H2

Centaurea nigra Knapweed Lady's Bells P Europe H2Cenntranthus ruber Red Valerian L.Needlework P Europe,S.W.Asia H2 G6Cephalocereus sen. Old Man Cactus (Baptised Soul) P Mexico H2 G6Cerastium arvense Starry Grasswort Mary's Flower P N.Amer.,Eu,,Asia H2 G6Ceropegia woodii Heart Vine Rosary Vine P Natal H2 G6Cestrum nocturnam Night Jasmine Lady-of-Night S W.Indies H2 06Cheiranthus cheiri Wall Flower Mary's Flower P S.Europe H2 G6Chenopodium ambros. Mexican Tea Mary's Herb A N.Amer.,Eu.,Asia H2Chiococca alba Snowberry Mary's Tears S Fla.to Trop.Amer.H2Chiogenes hispidula Creeping Snowbry Maiden's Hair P N.America H2 G6Chrysanthemum bals. Costmary Mary's Leaf P W.Asia H2 G6Chrysanthemum (ind.) Chrysanthemum (Epiphany) P China H2 G6Chrysanthemum leuc. Ox-Eye Daisy Mary's Star P Eurasia,U.S. H2 G6Chrysanthemum parth. Feverfew Mary's Flower P Eurasia H2 G6Chrysanthemum seget. Corn-Marigold Marygold A Europe H2 G6Chrysobalanus icaco Coco Plum Maiden Plum T S.Fla.,Trop.Amer.H2 G6Chrysoplenium opp. Golden Saxifrag. Lady's Cushion P Europe, N.Asia H2Cicer arietinum Chick Peas (Flight-Egypt) A S.Europe, Asia H2Cinnamonum zeylan. Cinnamon Tree "Cinnamon" T Mediterranean H2Cistus (landanif.) Rock Rose Rose of Sharon S Mediterranean H2 G6Citrullus colocyn. Bitter-Apple Gall P Trop.Amer,Africa,CHCitrus limonia Lemon (Fidelity) T Asia H2 G6Citrus sinensus Orange (Purity) T China H2 G6Clematis (flammula) Clematis (Cross) P Mediterranean H2 G6Clematis vitalba Virgin's Bower Lady's Bower P Eu,N.Afr,SW.Asia H2 G6Cnices benedictus Blessed Thistle Lady's Thistle A Mediterranean H2Coix lacryma Job's Tears Mary's Tears A Trop. Asia H2 G6Colchium autumnale Autumn Crocus "Rose-of-Sharon"P Europe, N.Afr. H2 G6Collinsea bicolor Collinsea Blue-Eyed Mary A Calif. H2 G6Collinsea verna Blue-Eyed Mary Blue-Eyed Mary A E.& C.U.S. H2 G6Commiphora myrrha Myrrh "Myrrh" S Ardbia, N,E.Afr. PBCommiphora opobals. Balsam "Balsam" T Arabia PBConium maculatum Poison Hemlock Lady's Lace B Europe H2Convallaria majalis Lily-of-Valley Lady's Tears P Eur,Asia,E.N.AmerH2 G6Convolvulus arvens Bindweed Lady's Smock P Europe H2Convolvulus sepiuum Rutland Beauty Lady's Nighteap P Eu.,Asia,N.Amer. H2Corchorus olitorius Corchorus "Rose-Sharon" A India H2

6.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Cornus (florida) Dogwood (Cross) T E.United States H2 G6Corydalis cava Lark (Gr.) Lady's Hen P C.Europe H2 G6Corylus (colurna) Hazel (Flight-Egypt) T S.E.Eur.,W.Asia H2 G6Cotyledon umbilicus Navelwort Lady's Navel P Mediteranean H2Crassula rupestris Rosary Plant Rosary Plant P S.Africa H2 G6Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Mary's Mayflowr T Eu,N.Afr,W,Asia H2 G6Crataegus oxyacan. Hawthorn Mary's Berry T Europe,N.Africa H2 G6Crocus (vernus) Spring Crocus "Rose-Sharon" P Europe H2 G6Crocus sativus Saffron Crocus "Saffron', P Asia Minor H2 G6Crucianella (styl.) Crosswort Crosswort A Persia H2 G6Cupressus semperv. Italian Cypress "Cypress Tree" T S.Europe,W.Asia H2 G6Curcuma petiolate Queen Lily Queen Lily P E.Asia H2Cuscuta gronovii Dodder Mary's Flax A Europe, U.S. CHCycas circinalis Fern Palm Queen Sago T India,Madag. H2 G6Cyclamen europaeum Bleeding Nun (M. Sorrows) P C.& .Europe H2 G6Cyclamen indicum Florists Cycl. L. Little Ladle P Asia Minor H2 G6Cymbalaria muralis Kenilworth Ivy Tears of Mary P Europe H2 G6Cypripedium pubesc. Yellow L.Slipper Lady's Slipper P Eurasia H2 G6Cytisus scoparius Scotch Broom (Flight Egypt) S Europe H2 G6

Dalea (fruteseens) Mariola Mariola S Mexico H2Dalea spinosa Smoke Tree Christ's Crown T S.W.U.S.,Mexico H2Daphne cneorum Daphne Mary's Rose S Mts. of Europe H2 G6Daphne mezereum Feb. Daphne Lady Laurel S Europe, W.Asia H2 G6Datura arboreal Floripondo Angel's Trumpet T Peruvian Andes H2 G6

Datura candida Trumpet Tree Queen-of-Night T S.Peru, Chile E3

Datura candida Trumpet Tree Queen-of-Night T S.Peru, Chile E3Datura sanguinea Angel's Tears Angel's Tears S Peru H2 G6Daucus carota Wild Carot Queen's Lace B Europe CH G6Delphinium ajacis Larkspur Mary's Tears A S.Europe H2 G6Delphinium cheil.f. Garld. Larkspur Beautiful Lady P Siberia, China H2 G6Dianthus barbatus Sweet William Lady Tuft B Pyrenees, Russia H2 G6Dianthus carthus. Clustered Pink Lady's Bedstraw P Europe, Egypt H2 G6Dianthus caryophy. Carnation (M.Love of God) P S.Eur. to India H2 G6Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink Mary's Pink P Eu.to Japan H2 G6Dianthus plumarius Clove Pink Virgin Pink P Eu. to Siberia H2 G6Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart Mary's Heart P Japan H2 G6Dichorisandra reg. Queen Spiderwort Queen Spiderwrt P Peru E3 G6Dictamnus alba Gas Plant Burning Bush P S.Eu. to N.China H2 G6Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Virgin's Glove B W.Europe H2 G6Digitaria sanguin. Crab Grass Lady's Grass A Europe H2Dimorpotheca (aur.) Cape Marigold Marygold A South Africa H2 G6Dion edule Chestnut Dion Virgin's Palm T Mexico H2 G6Dipsacus fullonum Fuller's Teasel Lady's Brushes B Europe H2 G6Dipsacus sylvestris Common Teasal Lady's Basin B Europe, Asia H2 G6Distictis laxiflora Distictis Virgin's Mantle P Mex. H2Drosera rotundifolia Sun Dew Mary's Tears P N.Amer, Eu.,Asia H2 G6Dryas octopetela Wood Nymph Lady's Rose P N.Amer, N.Europe H2 G6Dryopteris felix ma. Wood Fern Mary's Bedstraw P N.Amer. Europe H2 G6Dryopteris thelypt. Marsh Fern Lady-Fern P N.Amer, Eu, Asia H2 G6Dyssodia chrysanth. Fetid Marigold Marygold A Texas G6 G6Echeveria derenber. Painted Lady Painted Lady P Mexico H2 G6Echinopsis multipl. EasterLilyCactus Easter L.Cactus P S.Brazil H2 G6

7.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Echium fastuosum Viper's Bugloss Lady's Flannel S Eu. Canaries H2Echium vulgare Blue-Weed Our Lord's Flnl A Europe, Asia H2 G6Epilobium angustif. Fire Weed Mary's Bedstraw P Eu, Asia, N.Amer.H2 G6Epiphyllum oxypet. Queen-of-Night Queen-of-Night P Mexico to Brazil H2 G6Eranthus hyemalis Winter Aconite Xmas Flower P Europe H2 G6Erica carnea Winter Heath Mary's Help B Europe H2 G6Erica melanthera Xmas Heather Xmas Heather S South Africa H2 G6Erodium cicutarium Pin Clover Madonna's Pins A Mediterranean H2Erodium moschatum Musk-Clover "Musk Flower" B Europe H2Eucharis grandifol. Amazon Lily Madonna Lily P Colombian Andes H2 G6Eupatorium cannau. Hemp Agrimony Mary's Bush P Europe H2 G6Eupatorium odoratum Boneset Mary P Fla,W Indies,S.A H2Euphorbia lathyrus Caper Spurge Virgin's Nipple A Europe H2 G6Euphorbia pulcharr. Poinsettea Nativity Flower S Trop.Amer,C.Mex. H2 G6Euphorbia splendens Crown-of-Thorns Christ's Crown P Madagascar H2 G6

Ferula galbanifl. Ferula "Galbanum" P Syria, Persia PBFicus carica Fig Tree Flight to Egypt T Mediterranean H2 G6Ficus sycamorus Sycamore Mary's Tree T Asia Minor H2 G6Filipendula hexa. Dropwort Lady's Ruffles P Europe, Asia H2 G6Filipendula rubra Queen-of-Prarie Queen-of-Prarie S E.Uunited States.H2 G6Fllipendula ulmaria Queen-of-Meadow Lady-of-Meadow P Europe, Asia H2 G6Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Lady's Fennel P S. Europe H2 G6Fragaria vesca Strawberry (M Fruitfulness)P Europe H2 G6Francoa ramosa Francoa Maiden's Wreath P China H2 G6Fritillaria imper. Crown Imperial (Mary's Glory) P Persia H2 G6Fuchsia magellanica Hardy Fuchsia Ladies Eardrop P Peru H2 G6Fuchsia hybrida Fuchsia Lady's Eardrops P (hybrid) H2 G6Fumaria officinalis Fumitory Gods Fngrs&Toes A Eu. H2

Gagea silvatica Yel.Beth.Star Yel.Beth.Star P Eu.,N.Afr.,Asia H2Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Candlems Bells P Europe. H2 G6Galeopsis tetrahit Hemp Nettle Lady's Hair A Europe CHGalium mollugo White Bedstraw Lady's Bedstraw P Europe H2Galium verum Yellow Bedstraw Mary's Bedstraw P Europe H2 G6

Genista tinctoria Dyer's Greenwood Lady's Slipper P Europe, W.Asia H2 G6

Genista tinctoria Dyer's Greenwood Lady's Slipper P Europe, W.Asia H2 G6Gentiana ciliata Fringed Gentian Lady's Fringes P Europe CHGentiana frigida Gentian Mary's White P Carpath. Mts. H2 G6Geranium maculatum Wild Cranesbill Madonna's Pins P North America H2 G6Geranium pratense Meadow Pratense Mary's Flower P Europe, Asia H2 G6Geranium robertum Herb Robert Mary's Bed A N.Amer, Eurasia H2 G6Geum rivale Water Avens Lady's Bells P N.Amer,N.Eu,Asia H2 G6Gifalo germanica Cotton Rose Golden Mary A Europe CHGinko bilboa Ginko Tree Maiden's Hair T China H2 G6Gladeolas (hybrids) Gladeolus Twelve Apostles P South Africa H2 G6Glottiphyllum dept. Fig Marigold Marygold P South Africa H2Guaicum officinale Guayacan Tree of Life T W.Indies, NSAmer H2Gypsophila panicul. Baby's Breath Lady's Veil P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6

Habenaria bifolia Butterfly 0rchid Lady's Tears P Europe CHHelianthus (annus) Sun Flower Marygold A C.& W. U. S. H2 G6Heliocereus schran. Heliocereus Mary P Mexico H2Heliocereus spec. Heliocereus Mary P Mexico H2

8.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Helleborus niger Christmas Rose Christmas Rose P Europe H2 G6Helleborus viridis Green Hellebore Christ-Root P E.N.America H2 G6Helxine (soleiroli) Baby's Tears Angel's Tears P Corsica.Sardinia H2 G6Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Lady's Violet B Europe H2 G6Heteromeles arbutif.Toyon Xmas Berry S Calif. H2Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Rose of Sharon S East Asia H2 G6Hieracium aurant. Orange Hawkweed L.Paint Brush P Europe H2 G6Hieracium pilosella Mouse-Ear Lady's Flower P Europe H2 G6Hierochloe odorater Holy Grass Mary's Grass P Europe.,N.Amer. CHHippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch Lady's Fingers P Mediterranean H2 G6Hosta plantaginea Plantain Lily Assumption Lily P Japan, China H2 G6Houstonia (caerul.) Bluets Madonna's Eyes P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6Hyacinthus oriental Hyacinth Lily-of-Valley P Asia Minor H2 G6Hydranga macro. mar.Hydranga var. Ave Maria P China, Japan H2 G6Hylocereus undatus. Night-Bl. Cereus Queen-of-Night P Brazil H2 G6Hypericum calycinum Rose of Sharon Rose of Sharon S SE.Eu,Asia Minor B2 G6Hypericum perforat. St.John's Wort Mary's Glory P Europe H2 G6

Ilex aquifolium English Holly Burning Bush T Europe,Asia H2 G6Ilex opaca. var. Xmas Holly Xmas Holly T E.United States H2 G6Ilex opaca. var. St.Mary's Holly St.Mary's Holly T E.United States H2 G6Impatiens balsamina Garden Balsam Lady Slipper A India,Malaya,Chi.H2 G6Impatiens biflora Sptd Jewel-Weed Lady's Eardrop A E.&.C.U.S. H2 G6Impatiens capensis Touch-Me-Not Lady's Earritgs A S.Africa H2Inula oculus-chris. Christ's Eye Christ's Eye P Europe H2 G6Inula squarrosa. Inula Lady's Glove P Europe. H2Ipomoea purpurea Morning Glory Lady's Mantle A Tropical America H2 G6Ipomoea tuberosa Ipomoea Mary's Bean P Tropics H2 G6Iris barnumae Mary Iris Mary Iris P Palestine H2Iris florentina,var Madonna Iris Madonna Iris P Mediterranean CHlris germanica German Iris M.Sword Sorrow P Mediterranean H2 G6Iris germanica,var. Ave Maria Iris Ave Maria P MediterraneanIris germanica,var. Moonlight Madonna Moonlight Madon P MediterraneanIris pseudocorus Yellow Flag (Fleur-de-Lys) P Eu,N.Afr,Asia M. H2 G6

Jacobina spicegera Jacobina Trinity Plant S Mexico H2Jasminum azoricum Jasmine Lady-of-Snows T Canary Islands H2 G6Jasminum (offic.gr) Jasmine (Mary) T Persia H2 G6Juniperus (oxyced.) Juniper (Flight Egypt) T Mediterranean E2 G6

Kalanchoe laciniata Xmas Tree Kalan. Christmas Tree P Trop.As,Afr,S.Am H2Knautia arvensis Knautia Lady's Pincush. P Greece H2

Laburnum anagyroid. Golden Chain Lady's Fingers T C.&S.Europe H2 G6

Lagenaria siceraria Wht-Flowrd Gourd (Mary's Virtues)A Trop.Afr.& Asia H2 G6

Lagenaria siceraria Wht-Flowrd Gourd (Mary's Virtues)A Trop.Afr.& Asia H2 G6Lamium purpureum Dead Nettle Madonna's Milk P Europe, Asia H2Lantana camara Lantana Christ's Plant S Tropical America H2 G6Lantana involucroa Lantana Sorrowfl Face.M T Trop. America H2Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Pea Lady's Swt Pea A Italy H2 G6Lathyrus pratensis Sweet Pea Mary's Foot P Europe, W. Asia H2Lathyrus vernus Spring Bitter Vch Lady's Slipper P Europe H2 G6Lavendula (offic.) Lavender (Flight Egypt) P Mediterranean H2 G6

9. Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Leontopodium (alp.) Edelweiss (Purity) P High Mts.Eu,C.Am.H2 G6Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort Motherwort P Europe, Asia H2 G6Levisticum officin. Lovage Lady's Duster P S.Europe H2 G6Lilium bulbiferum Red Lily Mary's Lily P Europe H2 G6Lilium candidum Madonna Lily Virgin Lily P S.Eu.,S.W.Asia H2 G6Lilium longifl. Easter Lily Easter Lily P Japan H2 G6Lilium martagon Turban Lily Lady's Tears P Euope, W.Asia H2 G6Limonium vulgare Sea Lavender Lady's Flower P Eu.,N.Afr.Asia M.H2Linaria vulgaris Toad Flax Mary's Flax P Eurasia H2 G6Linum (usitatiss.) Flax (Flight Egypt) A Asia H2Lithospermum offic. Gromwell Mary's Tears P Europe H2 G6Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum (Blessed by M.) A Mediterranean H2 G6Loeselia mexicana Hummingbird Fl. Virgin's Plant P Mexico H2Lonicera caprifol. Honeysuckle Lady's Fingers S Europe, W.Asia H2 G6Lonicera pericly. Woodbine Lady's Fingers S Eu,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6Lonicera xylosteum Honeysuckle Lady's Stick S Eurasia H2Lotus corniculatus Bird's Foot Lady's Boots P Eurasia B2 G6Lupinus (albus) Lupine (Flight Egypt) A S.Europe, Asia H2Luzula campestris Wood Rush Lady's Hair P N.Amer, Eurasia H2Luzula nivea Wood Rush Mary's Grass P Alps CH G6Lychnis alba Evening Campion Lady's Candles P Eu. H2 G6Lychnis chalced. Maltese Cross Mary's Rose P Russia, Siberia H2 G6Lychnis coeli-rosa Rose of Heaven Rose of Heaven A Medit. H2 G6Lychnis coronaria Rose Campion Lady's Rose P S.Europe H2 G6Lychnis dioica Morning Campion Mary's Pink P Eurasia H2 G6Lychnis flos-jovis Flower of Jove P Mary's Rose P Mts.of S.Europe H2 G6Lychnis viscaria sp German Catchfly Mary's Rose P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6Lycopodium clavat. Club Moss L.Knives,Forks P N.Amer.,Eurasia H2 G6Lysimachi quadrif. Loosestrife Cross-Wort P E.United States H2

Maianthemum bifol. Mayflower Mary's Flower P Europe, Asia H2 G6Malcomia maritina Virginian Stock Virgin Stock A Maditerranean H2 G6Malus sylvestris Apple (New Eve) T Europe, W. Asia H2 G6Malus sylvestris v. Lady Apple Mary's Apple T Malva alcea Mallow Virgin's Bread P Europe H2 G6Malva moschata Musk Mallow St.Simeon's Flr P Europe H2 G6Malva rotundifolia Common Mallow Lady's Mantle P Europe CH G6Malva sylvestris Purple Mallow Lady's Cheeses B Europe H2 G6Malva verticillata Curled Mallov Lady's Staff P Europe H2Malva viscus mollis Ladies Eardrop Ladies Eardrop S Mex. to Colombia H2Mammillaria elong. Golden Stars Ladyfinger P E.Mexico H2 G6Mandragora officin. Love Apple "Mandrake" P S.Europe H2Marrubium vulgare Horehound Mary's Nettle P Eurasia H2 G6Mathiola incana Stock Lady's Violet B S.Europe H2 G6Matricaria chamom. Chamomile Lady's Flower A Europe, N. Asia H2 G6Matricaria inodora Matricary Mary's Flower A Europe H2 G6Medicago echinus Calvary Clover Crown of Thorns A S.France H2 G6Medicago lupulina Yellow Trefoil Lady's Hop A Eurasia H2 G6Melilotus officin. Yellow Clover Mary's Bedstraw A Eurasia H2 G6Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm Sweet Mary P Eurasia H2 G6Mentha arvensis Japanese Mint Lady's Plant P Eurasia, N. Amer.H2 G6Mentha crispa Crisp-Leafed Mint Cross-Mint P Europe H2 G6Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal L.Flavoring P Europe, W. Asia H2 G6

10.

10.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Mentha requienii Spanish Moss Mother-Thousnds P Corsica H2 G6Mentha spicata Spearmint Mary's Mint P Europe H2 G6Mesembryanthemum Fig Marigold Mary-Gold P S. Africa H2 G6Mespilus germanica Medlar Lady's Berry T Eu.,Asia Minor H2 G6Metrosideros tomen. N.Zelnd Xmas Tree Christmas Tree T New Zealand H2 G6Mimulus (luteus) Blood Drop Plant (Gethsemani) P Chile H2 G6Miscanthus sin. Jap. Plume Grass Maiden Grass P China,Japan H2 G6Monarda didyma Bee-Balm Sweet Mary P E.U.S. H2 G6Mulenbeckia comp. Wire Plant Maidenhair P New Zealand H2 G6Musa nana Chi.Dwf.Banana Ladyfinger T S.China H2 G6Myosotis scorpioid. Forget-me-not Mary's Eyes P Eurasia H2 G6Myrtillocactus geo. Garambulla Our Father T C.& S.Mexico H2 G6Myrtus communis Myrtle "Myrtle" T Medit. H2 G6

Narcissus poeticus Poet's Narcissus Lady's Rose P France to Greece H2 G6Narcissus psuedo N. Daffodil Mary's Star P Europe H2 G6Narcissus tazetta Polyanthus Narc. Rose of Sharon P Canary Is.to Jap.H2 G6Narcissus taz. ital.Yellow " " Lily of Mary P Europe CHNarcissus triandus Angel's Tears Angel's Tears P Spain, Portugal H2 G6Nelumbium (nelumbo) Lotus (Rosary Beads) P S.Asia, Austral. H2 G6Nemophila menziesi Baby Blue Eyes Mariana A California H2 G6Neottia nidus-avis Birds Nest Orch. Lady's Tresses P Europe CHNepeta cataria Catnip Mary's Nettle P Europe, Asia H2 G6Nepeta hederacea Ground Ivy Madonna's Herb P Asia H2 G6Nerium oleander Oleander Rose of Jericho S Mediterranean H2 G6Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco Virgin Tree T South America H2 G6Nigella damascena Love-in-a-Mist Lady-in-Shade A S.Europe H2 G6Nepalea cochenill. Cochineal Plt. St.Gabriel Fig P Mexico CH G6Netocereus serp. Queen-of-Night Queen-of-Night P Mexico H2 G6Nymphaea alba Water Lily Lady-of-Lake P Europe, N.Africa H2 G6

Odontospermum pygm. Rose of Sharon "Rose of Sharon"S Mediterranean CHOlea europea Olive "Olive Tree" T Mediterranean. H2 G6Onobrychis viciaef. Sainfoin Holy Hay P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6Ononis spinosa Rest Harrow L.Adversary P Europe H2 G6Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle Lady's Thistle B Eurasia H2 G6Ophrys aranifera Spider Orchis Lady's Slipper P Europe G6Ophrys musifera Fly Orchis Lady's Tears P C.& E.Europe CHOpuntia micro alb. Angelwing Cactus Angelwings P N. Mex. H2 G6Orchis maculata Wild Orchid Gethsemani P Eurasia CH G6Orchis mascula Wild Orchid Lady's Tears P Eu. CH G6Orchis purpurea Orchid Lady Orchis P EU. G6Origanum vulgare Narjoram M. Bedstraw P EU. H2 G6Ornithogalum arab. Arabian Beth.Star Bethlehem Star P Mediterranean H2 G6Ornithogalum nutans Bethlehem Star Tears of Mary P Eu.,S.W.Asia H2 G6Qrnithogalum umbel. Bethlehem Star Mary's Tears P Mediterranean H2 G6Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel Lady's Meat P Europe H2 G6Oxalis corniculata Wood Sorrel Lady Sorrel P Europe H2 G6Oxalis corn. atrop. Purp.Wd.Sorrel (Christ's Blood)P Eu. H2 G6Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Lily-of-Valley T E.United States H2 G6

Paeonia officinalis Peony Mary's Rose P Europe H2 G6Paliurus spina-chr. Christ-Thorn Crown-of-Thorns T S.Eu.to N. China H2 G6

11.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Papaver (orientale) Red Poppy (Christ'sBlood) P Medit.to Persia H2 G6Papaver rhoeas Corn Poppy Lady-in-Corn A Eurasia H2 G6Paphiopedilum Ladyslipper Lady's Slipper P Himalayas H2Parietaria (offic.) Pillitory Madonna's Herb P Eurasia H2Parnassia palustris Grass of ParnassiaLady's Flower P N.Amer., Eurasia H2 G6

Passiflora incarn. Passion Flower Flower-of-Cross P S.E.U.S. H2 G6

Passiflora incarn. Passion Flower Flower-of-Cross P S.E.U.S. H2 G6Passiflora caerulea Passion Flower Passion Flower P Brazil H2 G6Pastinacea sativa Parsnip Mary's Root P Europe H2Pelargonium (dom) Geranium Lady Beautiful P S.Africa H2 G6Pelargonium limon. Lemon Geranium Lady Mary P (hybrid) H2 G6Penstemon acuminat. Beard-Tongue St.Jos.Staff P N.W.U.S. H2 G6Peristeria elata Dove Plant Holy Ghost Fl. P C.&N.S.America H2Persea americana Avacado Holy Ghost Pear T Trop. America H2 G6Petrea arborea Blue Jasmine Jesus' Flower S N.S.America H2Petrea volubis Purple Wreath Queen's Wreath P Mexico to Panama H2 G6Petroselinum crisp. Parsley O.L.Little Vine B Europe, W.Asia H2 G6Petunia (hybrida) Petunia Lady's Praise A S.S.Amer. H2 G6Phalaris arun.pict. Ribbon Grass Lady's Ribbons P Eurasia N.Amer. H2 G6Philodendron will. Holy Ghost Holy Ghost P Tropical Brazil E3Phlox (divaricata) Blue Phlox Lady's Wedding P Eastern U.S. H2 G6Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm "Palm Tree" T W.Asia, N.Africa H2 G6Phragmipedium (gr.) Lady-Slipper Lady-Slipper P Tropical America H2Phyllitis scolopen Hart's-Tongue Christ's Hair P E.N. America H2 G6Phyteuma spicatum Horned Rampion Mary's Leaf P Europe H2 G6Pleris floribunda Andromeda "Lily-Valley" S SE United States H2 G6Pimpinella anisum Anise Lady's Tobacco A Greece to Egypt H2 G6Pinus (halapensis) Pine Tree Hand of Christ T Mediterranean H2 G6Piper auritum Eared Pepper Mary P Mexico H2Piqueria trinervia Stevia Old Queen P Mexico,C.America H2 G6Pistacia simaruba Pistacia Virgin's Tree T S.Fla.,E.& C.Mex.H2Pistacia tereb.pal. Turpentine Tree "Turp.Tree" T Mediterranean H2 G6Plantanus oriental. Plane Tree "Plane Tree" T S.E.Eu., W.Asia H2 G6Plumeria rubra Frangipani Tree Flower-of-Cross S Mexico to Venez. H2Polemonium caerul. Jacob's Ladder "Ladder-Heaven" P Europe H2 G6Polygala chamaebux. Milkwort Lady's Bud S Europe H2 G6Polygala paucifolia Fringed Milkwort Lady's Slipper P E&C.UnitedStates H2 G6Polygonatum multifl.Solomon's Seal Lady's Belfry P Eurasia H2 G6Polygonatum officin.Solomon's Seal Mary's Seal P Eurasia H2 G6Polygonum amphibium Lady's Thumb Lady's Thumb P N.America,Europe H2Polygonum bistorta Snakeweed Mary's Leaf P N.Europe, Asia H2 G6Polygonum hydropip. Knotweed Lady's Mirror G6Polygonum orientale Prince's-Feather Lady's Fingers A Asia, Australia H2 G6Polygonum persicar. Knotweed Mary's Pinch A Europe H2Polypodium vulgare Wall Fern (M.Milk Drops) P Eu.,Asia,W.N.AmerH2 G6Polystichium acros. Christmas Fern Christmas Fern P E.U.S. H2 G6Populus candicans Balm of Gilead "Balm-of-Gilead"T Europe H2Populus nigra ital. Lombardy Popular Lady Popular T Europe,Asia H2 G6Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen (Cross) T North America H2 G6Porana paniculata White Corallita Christ Vine A India H2Potamogeton natans Pondweed Lady Wrack P Europe CH G6Potentilla anserin. Silverweed Footsteps of XP P Eurasia, N.Amer. H2 G6Potentilla recta Cinquefoil M.Purification P Europe H2 G6Primula elatior Oxlip Primrose L.Candlestick P Eu, to Persia H2 G6

12.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native habitat Refs.

Primula farinosa Birdseye Primrose Lady's Bud P Europe H2 G6Primula polyantha Polyanthus Lady's Fingers P (hybrid) H2 G6Primula veris Cowslip Lady's Keys P Europe H2 G6Primula vulgaris Primrose Lady's Frills P Europe H2 G6Prunella (vulgaris) Self-Heal Lady's Tresses P Asia H2 G6Prunus amaygdalus Almond (Virgin Birth) T W.Asia H2 G6Prunus armeniaca Apricot (Eden) "Apples" T W.Asia H2 G6Prunus avium Sweet Cherry (Flight Egypt) T Eurasia H2 G6Prunus domest. ins. Garden Plum Mary's Plum T Eurasia H2 G6Prunus persica Peach "Fruits" T China H2 G6Prunus spinosa Black Thorn Lady's Plum S Europe.,W.Asia H2 G6Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern of God P N.U.S.& Canada H2 G6Pulmonaria officin. Spotted Lungwort Mary's Tears P Europe H2 G6Pulmonaria sacchar. Bethlehem Sage (M. Milk drops) P Europe H2 G6

Punica granatum Pomgranate (M. Virtues) T S.Asia H2 G6

Punica granatum Pomgranate (M. Virtues) T S.Asia H2 G6Pyrus communis Pear (M.Fruitfulness)T Europe, W.Asia H2 G6

Quercus ilex Holly Oak (Cross) T S.Europe H2 G6Quercus robur English Oak Lady's Oak T Eu,N.Afr,W.Asia H2 G6

Ranunculus aconit. White Butterep Lady's Splendor P Europe H2 G6Ranunculus acris Buttercup Lady's Locks P Europe H2 G6Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Crown of Thorns S Eurasia H2 G6Rhapis excelsa Fan Palm Lady Palm T S.China H2 G6Rhoeo discolor Moses-in-Bulrush. Christ-in-Cradl P W.Indies, Mexico.H2 G6Ribes alpinum Alpine Currant Wild Lady S Europe H2 G6Ribes grossularia Gooseberry Lady's Pear S Eu,N.Afr,S.W.AsiaH2 G6Ribes rubrum N. Red Currant Lady's Berry S Eurasia H2Ricinus communis Castor Bean Christ's Palm T Africa H2 G6Rondeletia cordata Canrejo Jungle Queen S Guatamala H2 G6Rosa Gold Rose (M. Glories) S Eurasia H2 G6Rosa Red Rose (M. Sorrows) S Eurasia H2 G6Rosa White Rose (M. Purity) S Eurasia H2 G6Rosa Red & White Rose (Visitation) S Eurasia H2 G6Rosa alba rubicunda Incarnation Rose Maiden's Blush S (hybrid) H2 G6Rosa canina Dog Rose Mary's Thorn S Europe H2 G6Rosa eglanteria Sweetbrier Lady's Leaf S Europe H2 G6Rosa odorata hybr. Hybrid Tea Rose (M-named var.) S China H2Rosa spinosissima Scotch Rose Lady's Rose S Eurasia H2 G6Rosa hybr. Sub-Zero Rose Ave Maria Rose S (hybrid)Rosa hybr. Sub-Zero Rose Lourdes Rose S (hybrid)Rosmarinus officin. Rosemary Mary's Bouquet S Mediterranean H2 G6Rubus coronarius Brier-Rose Crown-of-Thorns S Asia H2Rubus laciniatus Cut-Lf.Blackberry Lady's Berry S Europe H2 G6Rubus (sanctus) Palestine Bramble True Cross S Mediterranean PBRuellia(macranthus) Christms Pride Christms Pride P Brazil H2Rumex acetosella Garden Sorrel (Mary's Sorrows)P Europe CHRuscus aculeatus Prickly-Rush (Crown-Thorns) S Europe H2 G6Ruta graveolens Rue Herb 0' Grace P S.Europe H2 G6

Sagina subulata Pearlwort Mary's Grass P Corsica H2 G6Salix (alba) Willow (Flight Egypt) T Eurasia, N.Afr. H2 G6Salix babylonica Weeping Willow (Scourging) T China H2 G6Salvia officinalis Sage Mary's Shawl P Mediterranean H2 G6

13.

Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs.

Salvia triloba Palestine Sage Mary's Sage P MediterraneanSambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Mary's Elder P Eurasia, N.Afr. H2Sambucus nigra European Elder (Cross) T Eu.,W.Asia,N.Afr H2 G6Sandersonia aurant.Chinese Lantern Christmas Bells P S. Africa H2Sanguisorba alpina Burnet Lady's Mantle P Eurasia G6Saponaria officin. Soapwort Lady by-t-Gate P W.Asia H2 G6Sassafras (albidum)Sassafras Virgin's Tree T Eastern U.S. H2 G6Satureja nepeta Savory Mother-of-Thyme P Eurasia H2Satyrium (odorum) Orchid Lady's Tears P S.Africa E3Saxifrage cotyledn Rock Cress Lady's Navel P Mts. of Europe H2 G6Saxifrage grnulata Meadow Saxifrage L.Feather-Beds P Europe, N.Africa H2 G6Saxifraga hypnoid. Rockfoil Lady's Cushion P Europe H2 G6Saxifrage sarment. StrawberryGeranium Mother-Thousnds P E.Asia H2 G6Saxifrage umbrosa London Pride Lady's Needlewk P Europe H2 G6Scabiosa atropup. Sweet Scabious Lady's Pincush. A S.Europe H2 G6Scandix pecten-ven Venus Comb Lady's Comb A Europe CHSchinus terebinth. Brazil.Pepper Tree Xmas Borry Tree T Brazil H2 G6Schlumbergera brid.Christmas Cactus Xmas Cactus P Bolivia, Brazil H2Schlumbergera gaer.Easter Cactus Easter Cactus P S.America H2 G6Scirpus cernuus Miniture Bulrush Lady's Hair P Europe H2 G6Sedum acre Stone Crop Lady's Hair P Europe H2 G6

Sedum rosea Roseroot Lady's Root P Circumpolar H2 G6

Sedum rosea Roseroot Lady's Root P Circumpolar H2 G6Sedum rubrotinctum Christmas Cheer Christmas Cheer P Mexico E3Sedum telephium Orphine Live-for-Ever P W.Eur to Japan H2 G6Selaginella lepid. Resurrection Plant "Rose-Jericho" P Texas to S.Amer. H2Selenicereus mac. Queen-of-the-Night Queen-of-Night T Uruguay,ArgentinaH2 G6Sempervivum (tect) Houseleek Live-for-Ever P Eurasia H2 G6Senecio jacobaea Tansy Ragwort Lady's Plant B Europe H2 G6Silene armeria Sweet Wm.CatchFly Mary's Rose A S.Europe H2 G6Silene cucubalus Bladder Campion White Mary P Eurasia H2Silene latifolia BladderCampion Mary's Tears P Europe H2Silene nutans Catchfly Wild Lady P Europe H2Silybum Marianum Milk Thistle Mary's Thistle B Mediterranean H2 G6Sisyrinchium ang. Blue-Eyed Grass Blue-Eyed Mary P N.Amer H2 G6Smilacina racemosa False Solamon Seal Virgin's Seal P N.Amer. H2 G6Smilacina stellata Lily-of-Valley "Lily-of-Valley"P N.America,Europe H2 G6Solanum pseudo-cap.Jerusalem Cherry Xmas Cherry S Mediterranean H2 G6Solidago (canad.) Golden Rod Lady's Plant P N.E.U.S. H2 G6Sorbus torminalis Wild Service Tree Lady's Berry T Eu,N.Afr,Asia M. H2 G6Sorghum halopense Johnson Grass Mary's Grass P Mediterranean H2Specularia specul. VenusLookingGlass Lady's LookngGl.A Eu,N,Afr,W.Asia H2 G6Spinacia oleracae Spinach (Mary's Greens) A S.W.Asia H2Spiranthes cernua Ladies-Tresses Ladies-Tresses P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6Spiranthes orchoid.Ladies-Tresses Ladies-Tresses P Mexico to Brazil E3Stellaria holostea Easter Bells Lady's Buttons P Europe ,N.Asia H2Stillingia sylvat. Yaw Root Queen's Delight P S.E. U.S. H2 G6Stipa pennata Feather Grass Mary's Flax P Eurasia H2 G6Styrax benzoin Benzoin "Onyx" T Mediterranean PBStyrax officinalis Storax Tree "Storax" T Eu.,Asia Minor H2

Tagetes (gen.) Marigold Mary-Gold A Mexico H2 G6Tamus communis Black Bryony Lady's Signet P Great Britain H2Tanacetum vulgare Tansy Jesus-Wort P Europe H2 G6Taraxacum officin. Dandelion (M. Sorrow) P Europe H2

14. Botanical Name Common Name Religious Name G Native Habitat Refs

Teucrium chamaedr. Germander L.Little Flower S Europe H2 G6Teucrium polium Germander Mary's Plant S Mediterranean CH G6Thalictrum clavat. Meadow Rue Lady-Rue P S.E.U.S. H2Thalictrum flavum Meadow Rue Maidenhair Rue P Europe H2 G6Thuja (occident.) Arbor-Vitae Tree of life T E.& C.U.S. H2 G6Thymus serphyllum Creeping Thyme M. Bedstraw S Eurasian H2 G6Tigridia pavonia Tiger-Flower Christ's Knee P Mex.,Guatamala H2 G6Tillandsia usneoid.Spanish Moss (Nativity) P SE US.TropAfrica H2 G6Tovara (virgin.) Tovara (Christ'sBlood) P E.N.Amer, E.Asia H2Tradescantia virg. Spiderwort Lady's Tears P E.& C. U.S. H2 G6Tragopogan pratens.Goatsbeard St.Jos.Flower B Europe H2Trifolium agrarium Yellow Clover Lady's Hops A Europe H2Trifolium arvense White Clover M.Bedstraw A Europe, N.Asia H2Trifolium pratense Rcd Clover Lady's Posies P Europe H2 G6Trigonella caeruleaTrigonella Lady's Clover A Europe H2 G6Trigonella foenum-.Fenugreek Beautiful Mary A S.Europe, Asia H2 G6Trillium grandifl. Wake Robin Trinity Lily P N-E.& N-W.U.S. H2 G6Triticum aestivum Wheat "Wheatsheaf" A Medit.,W.Asia H2Tritonia (crocata) Blazing Star Mary's Drops P S. Africa H2 G6Tulipa clusiana Lady Tulip Lady Tulip P Portugal to Iran H2 G6Tulipa (gesner.) Garden Tulip (The Woman) P Armenia,Iran H2Tulipa montana Mountain Tulip "Rose-Sharon" P Iran,Afghanistan H2Tussilago farfare Coltsfoot So-before-FatherP Europe,India,AsiaH2 G6Typha angustata Bulrush (Mocking) P Mediterranean PB

Uvularia perfol. Bellwort Mary-Bells P E.N.America H2 G6

Vaccinum vitis-id. Mt. Cranberry Lady's Pear S Europe,N.Asia H2 G6Valeriana officin. Valerian L.Needlework P Europe, N.Asia H2 G6

Veitchia merrill. Manila Palm Christmas Palm T Philippines E3

Veitchia merrill. Manila Palm Christmas Palm T Philippines E3Verbascum thapsus Giant Mullein Mary's Candle B Europe, Asia H2 G6Verbena hastata Erect Vervain Herb-of-Cross P United States H2 G6Verbena officinal. Vervain Herb-of-Cross P Europe, Asia H2Veronica chamaedr. Ger.Speedwell L.Resting Place P Europe.,Asia H2Veronica maritima Veronica Lady's Faith P Europe, Asia H2 G6Veronica officinal.Speedwell L.Resting Place P Europe, Asia H2 G6Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose L.Pincushion S Eu,N.Afr,N.Asia H2 G6Victoria cruziana Santa Cruz Lily Holy Cross P Paraguay to ArgenH2 G6Vinca minor Periwinkle Virgin Flower P Europe H2 G6Viola alba White Violet Lady's Delight P Cent.Eu.,Medit, H2 G6Viola odotata Sweet Violet Lady's Modesty P Eurasia, Africa H2 G6Viola tricolor Pansy Lady's Delight P Eurasia H2 G6Viscum album Mistletoe (Cross) P Europe, N.Asia H2Vitis (vinifera) Grape "Grape" P Caucasus H2 G6Vriesea mariae Vriesea Mary P Tropical America E3

Wisteria frutescen Wisteria Virgin's Bower P S.E. U.S. H2 G6

Yucca aloifolia Spanish Bayonet Lord's Candle P S. U.S., Mexico H2 G6Yucca flaccida Yucca "Ivory Tower" P S.E. U.S. H2 G6

End - MARIANA 1

Copyright Mary's Gardens 1965,1996