IMPORTANCE OF WALNUT POLLINATION AND NEW TRENDS REGARDING PROMOTION OF VARIETIES

Dr. Hab. Dr. Hab. Maria PINTEA, Research Institute of Horticulture and Alimentary Technologies, Rep. of Moldova

Walnut Walnut ((Juglans regiaJuglans regia L.) are one of the oldest fruit trees species L.) are one of the oldest fruit trees species cultivated between the rivers Prut and Dnestrcultivated between the rivers Prut and Dnestr

According to 1994 plants census counts for According to 1994 plants census counts for about 2,2 millionabout 2,2 million walnut trees (walnut trees (most of them solitary growingmost of them solitary growing) in rep. of Moldova, ) in rep. of Moldova, more than more than 85 % are in the fruitfulness85 % are in the fruitfulness period period

As a result of realisation of walnut breeding programs of the last As a result of realisation of walnut breeding programs of the last 30 years there are evaluated new promising varieties, with 30 years there are evaluated new promising varieties, with late leafing, higher fruit quality and a better shell-meet ratiolate leafing, higher fruit quality and a better shell-meet ratio

Registered Local var. demonstrated large ecological plasticity and high adaptability to variable climatic and edaphic conditions in rep Moldova and neghbour countries

WALNUT ASSORTMENT for Industrial WALNUT ASSORTMENT for Industrial Culture in rep. MOLDOVACulture in rep. MOLDOVA

Var. Var. created increated in Rep Rep Moldova, registered for Moldova, registered for large culturelarge culture

VarVar.introduced .introduced for for temporary testationstemporary testations

Only pollenisersOnly pollenisers , etc. , etc. introduced varietiesintroduced varieties

CazacuCazacu Alosentivanyi 117Alosentivanyi 117 ChandlerChandler

CodreneCodrene FernorFernor Corne de PerigordCorne de Perigord

CogilniceanuCogilniceanu FranquetteFranquette FergeanFergean

De BriceniDe Briceni LaraLara FernetteFernette

De FalestiDe Falesti Milotai 10Milotai 10 HartleyHartley

IargaraIargara MarbotMarbot

KalaraskiiKalaraskii MeylannaiseMeylannaise

KisinevskiiKisinevskii ParisieneParisiene

KorjeutskiiKorjeutskii PieralPieral

KostiujenskiiKostiujenskii Ronde de MontignacRonde de Montignac

Lunguetse, PescianskiiLunguetse, Pescianskii MJ 209-forestry var.MJ 209-forestry var.

Recea, Recea, SkinosskiiSkinosskii

Some characteristics of nuts and kernel of main Moldavian Walnut Varieties

VarietyVariety MediMedium um weigweight of ht of nut, nut, gr.gr.

Kernel,Kernel,s s content content %%

Total Total sugarsugars, %s, %

LipidsLipids, %, %

ProteiProteins, %ns, %

CarboCarbonn

%%

CarotCarotene ene

(A),(A),

mg/%mg/%

TiamiTiaminn

(B1)(B1)

mg/%mg/%

RiboflRiboflavin avin (B2)(B2)

mg/%mg/%

KalarasskiKalarasski 14,314,3 51,351,3 5,315,31 66,4266,42 18,0018,00 5,315,31 0,1350,135 0,2080,208 0,3450,345

KişineovsKişineovskiki

10,110,1 49,349,3 6,426,42 66,9666,96 16,4416,44 6,426,42 0,2120,212 0,1990,199 0,1190,119

KostiujenKostiujenskiski

14,114,1 50,450,4 5,145,14 66,3766,37 19,0019,00 5,145,14 0,4920,492 0,1920,192 0,2340,234

KorjeutkiKorjeutki 10,210,2 49,749,7 7,767,76 66,5266,52 18,8118,81 7,767,76 0,3080,308 0,1140,114 0,1530,153

SkinosskiSkinosski 13,213,2 50,050,0 8,598,59 66,1766,17 17,4417,44 8,798,79 0,2540,254 0,4660,466 0,1530,153

MOLDAVIAN WALNUT VARIETIES and MOLDAVIAN WALNUT VARIETIES and introduced in the new plantationsintroduced in the new plantations

LOCAL VARIETIESLOCAL VARIETIES::

Kalarasski-30%Kalarasski-30%

KişineovskiKişineovski -30%-30%

KostiujenskiKostiujenski -10%-10% Korjeutki Korjeutki -10%-10% Skinosski Skinosski -10%-10%

OTHERS- OTHERS- -10%-10%

FOREIGN VARIETIESFOREIGN VARIETIES : :

Franquette-80%Franquette-80%

Alosentivanyi 117-5%Alosentivanyi 117-5%

Milotai 10-5%Milotai 10-5%

Fernor-2%Fernor-2%

FERGEAN-2%FERGEAN-2%

Lara-2%Lara-2%

OTHERS- OTHERS- -4%-4%

kalaraskii varietykalaraskii variety

Kostiujenskii varietyKostiujenskii variety

Skinoskii varietySkinoskii variety

Korjeutskii varietyKorjeutskii variety

Cogalnicianu varietyCogalnicianu variety

New selections, Inst New selections, Inst Horticulture, Rep. Horticulture, Rep. MoldovaMoldova

BUDS and BUDS and Fructification of Fructification of WalnutWalnut

Male and Female Male and Female FlowersFlowers

Bacterial BLIGHT- main Bacterial BLIGHT- main problem of flowering problem of flowering periodperiod

•Bacteria survive in buds and catkins, in fruit lesions, to a lesser extent in cankers on twigs.

•Dispersal by large walnut aphid Chromaphis juglandicolaand mites (walnut leaf gall mite, Eriophyes erineus).

•Wet weather in spring favors disease Xanthomonas arboricolapv. juglandis

-Walnut bacterial blight or black spot of walnut

Concluzie după multe Concluzie după multe decenii de experienţă în decenii de experienţă în producerea nucilor pe BAZĂ producerea nucilor pe BAZĂ de SOI:de SOI:

Soiul Soiul comercialcomercial de BAZĂ trebuie să de BAZĂ trebuie să ocupe în livadă nu mai puţin de 92-95% ocupe în livadă nu mai puţin de 92-95% din numărul total de pomi pomi!din numărul total de pomi pomi!

Soiul – Soiul – polenizatorpolenizator –trebuie să ocupe în –trebuie să ocupe în livadă nu mai mult de 5-8%livadă nu mai mult de 5-8%

Tratamentele sanitare – standard Tratamentele sanitare – standard contra manifestării bacteriozei sunt contra manifestării bacteriozei sunt absolut indispensabileabsolut indispensabile

Scheme manifestation of Scheme manifestation of WBBWBB

Simptoms of W BBSimptoms of W BB

Astfel: Astfel: într-o livadă cu MULTE într-o livadă cu MULTE Soiuri, sau cu MULŢI pomi de Soiuri, sau cu MULŢI pomi de soi POLENIZATOR-MARI soi POLENIZATOR-MARI posibilităţi de manifestare a posibilităţi de manifestare a BACTERIOZEI!!!BACTERIOZEI!!!

Walnut varieties in Walnut varieties in dif.areasdif.areas

Zha 343

Wen 185

Jinlong 1

Xiangling

Zhonglin 1

Liaoning 1

Jinboxiang 1

Serie “Jinboxiang “

China: Varieties

Main characteristics of walnut varieties of Chinese Name lateral bearing % leafing date flowering time kernel oil content % cultivated area (hectare)

Liaoning no.1 96 early April early May 67,19 50 000 Shanxi, Hebei, about 60%

Liaoning no.4 90 early April early May 65,00 10 000 Shanxi, Hebei, about 60%

Lipin no.2 20 early April late April 70,00 20 000 Shanxi Province, about 50% Zhonglin no.1 90 early April late April 65,60 100 000 Shanxi, Hebei,

Henan,Shanxi,Gansu about 90% Zhonglin no.5 95 early April early May 66,00 20 000 Hebei,Beijing,about 80%

Luguang 90 early April early May 67,31 30 000 Shanxi,Hebei, Henan, shanxi,about 80%

Xiangling 89 early April early May 68,37 80 000 Shanxi, Hebei, Henan,Shanxi,Gansu about 90%

Jing 861 95 early April late April 68,70 30 000 Shanxi,Hebei, Henan, shanxi,about 80%

Bokexiang 83 early April early May 64,30 10 000 Shanxi,Beijing,Hebei,about 80% Zha 343 80 early April mid- May 66,14 40 000 Xinjiang ,about60% Wen 185 90 early April early May 65,00 40 000 Xinjiang ,about80% Xifu no.1 85 early April early May 70,23 20 000 Shanxi,Hebei, Henan, shanxi,about 80%

Xilin no.2 80 early April late April 67,94 20 000 Shanxi ,about 80% Xilin no.3 80 early April late April 64,32 10 000 shanxi,Shanxi,about 80% Bofeng 90 early April early May 70,00 10 000 Shanxi,Henan,about 80% Jinlong no.1 14 early April early May 64,96 50 000 Shanxi Province, about 60%

Jinlong no.2 18 early-mid April early May 73,70 40 000 Shanxi Province, about 60%

Jinxiang 90 early April early May 68,60 100 Validation of new varieties in 2007

LATERAL bearing LATERAL bearing varietiesvarieties

Mult Succes TUTUROR!Mult Succes TUTUROR!