Statistical Office in Rzeszow

Marek Cierpiał-Wolan, PhD

COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEM

FOR TRANSBORDER AREAS -

CBC INDEX

COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEM

FOR TRANSBORDER AREAS -

CBC INDEX

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Why is transborder statistics so important for in-transition and post-transition

countries? It should deliver tools in order to measure phenomena tricky to estimate.

For countries with ongoing process of liberalisation of crossing the border (e.g. introduction

of

Shoengen zone).

Many information gaps pertaining socio-economic phenomena.

For countries where there is tightening of the rules of crossing the border.

Higher dynamics of socio-economic processes in transborder regions

and higher intensity of non-registered socio-economic phenomena.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN TRANSBORDER AREAS

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MONITORING of socio-economic phenomena in transborder areas on the basis of

administrative registers and statistical databases.

SAMPLE SURVEYS at the border and in the neighbourhood:

Questionnaire survey at the border

Survey of travelling foreigners in tourist accommodation establishments.

Household survey – e.g. modules concerning international tourism, unregistered work,

volume of unregistered purchase).

Survey of unregistered economy (e.g. market points, retail sales points), with the use of

experience of Gray Economy Research Centre.

MODULES OF TRANSBORDER SURVEYS

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Statistical information and elaborations:

Area and population in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;

Vital statistic and migration of population in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;

Entities of the national economy located in border areas by the European Union’s external border on the territory of Poland;

Labour market;

Tourism;

Health care;

Environmental protection.

Entities of the national economy per 1000 population in border area by voivodships and gminas in 2010

As of 31 III

MONITORING

The monitoring has been carried out on the website

since March 2008 at the address http://www.stat.gov.pl/rzesz/

I-VI 2005 I-VI 2006 I-VI 2007 I-VI 2008 I-VI 2009 I-VI 2010 I-VI 20110

50

100

150

200

250

POLAND

PODKARPACKIE VOIVODSHIP

Bieszczadzki

Jarosławski

Lubaczowski

Przemyski

Przemyśl city

5

Powiats (LAU 1):

Dynamics of newly registered entities of the national economy in Podkarpackie Voivodship (I-VI 2005=100)

MONITORING

6

Dynamics of average employment (DG-1)(I-VII 2007=100)

I-VII 2007 I-VII 2008 I-VII 2009 I-VII 2010 I-VII 201194

96

98

100

102

104

106

108

110

112

Podkarpackie Voivodship border powiats

Data concern economic entities employing more than 9 persons. Podkarpackie voivodship – 1571, border powiats - 196

MONITORING

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Passenger border traffic at crossings at the EU’s external border in 2010

Purpose of the survey – obtaining

information about the expenses of

foreigners in Poland and Poles

abroad (scale and structure),

purpose of visit, distance from the

place of residence and place of

purchase from the border and

frequency of crossing the border. The

survey is conducted on 15 border

crossings.

SURVEY OF GOODS AND SERVICES TURNOVER IN BORDER TRAFFIC

POLAND

Podkarpackie

Obwódlwowski

RUSSIA

BELARUS

Mazowieckie

LITHUANIAObwódkaliningradzki

Warmińsko--mazurskie

LubelskieObwódwołyński

Obwódbrzeski

Obwódgrodzieński

Podlaskie

UKRAINE

Krościenko

Dorohusk

Sławatycze

Połowce

Bobrowniki

Korczowa

Hrebenne

Zosin

Czeremcha

Kuźnica

Bezledy Gołdap

Terespol

Gronowo

Braniewo

Przemyśl

Medyka

Białowieża

Rudawka

Foreigners Poles

Werchrata

Hrubieszów

Siemianówka

Kukuryki

GrzechotkiSkandawa

995,1

396,9

613,5

656,7

361,1

528,7

968,6

108,2

227,7

183,3151,0

511,6

2597,8

1660,7

1699,0

653,1

1640,0

2254,0

2051,6

1101,6

295,1

498,5

(thous. people)

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EXPENSES ON THE PURCHASE OF GOODS INCURRED BY FOREIGNERS IN POLAND AND POLES ABROAD WHO CROSSED THE EU’S EXTERNAL BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND AS WELL AS FOREIGN TRADE TURNOVER IN 1ST HALF OF 2011

Ukraine

Belarus

Russia

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

41.2

9.3

10.8

277.8

173.4

38.0

Foreigners Poles

mln €

Countries:

Expenses:

Ukraine

Belarus

Russia

010203040

4.2

2.1

0.1

18.5

23.9

1.3

Foreigners expenses/export relationPoles expenses/import relation

%

Countries:

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DELIMITATION

DISTANCE FROM THE BORDER TO THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE OF POLES AND FOREIGNERS CROSSING THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND

The highest number of

foreigners and Poles covered by

the survey was residing at the

distance of up to 50 km from the

border – around 74% and above

96% respectively, with almost

61% foreigners and 50% Poles

in the zone of up to 30 km.

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DELIMITATION

DISTANCE FROM THE BORDER TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE OF POLES AND FOREIGNERS CROSSING THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BORDER ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND

The highest number of foreigners

and Poles was making purchase at

the distance of up to 50 km from

the border – around 71% and 96%

respectively. With almost 55%

foreigners and about 94% Poles

making purchase in the zone of up

to 30 km.

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Local delivering information for entrepreneurs in order to take effective decisions

concerning setting up firms or branches in transborder areas (e.g. Korczowa Dolina – modern distribution-trading complex located 2.5 km from the Ukrainian border, within the limits of the Polish-Ukrainian visa-free traffic zone, important trading hub in the region),

delivering information for local authorities in order to facilitate development of entrepreneurship and improvement of infrastructure (e.g. local tax reliefs, designation of additional lands for economic activity);

Regional delivering information to self-government and government institutions in order to

lead politics increasing the competitiveness of a region (awareness of large scale economic activity in transborder areas makes this domain an important element of regional development strategies);

National delivering information which influence Balance of Payments consistency;

International delivering information which enable taking common or compatible decisions on

both sides of the border (e.g. new border crossings, legislation on Local Border Traffic, infrastructural investments).

MULTIDIMENTIONAL NATURE OF COHERENT RESEARCH SYSTEMFOR TRANSBORDER AREAS

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MODELLING OF PROCESSES IN TRANSBORDER AREAS

Taxonomic measure of development – towards transborder index

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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TAXONOMIC METHOD - SELECTION OF PARTIAL INDICATORS

 Indicators NUTS 2

1. Population per 1 sq km2. Population at age 15-64 in % of total population3. Net migration per 1000 population 4. Infant deaths per 1000 live births 5. Natural increase per 1000 population 6. Students per 1000 population7. Doctors per 10 thousand population 8. Average monthly gross wages and salaries9. Entities of national economy per 10 thousand population 10. Gross domestic expenditures on R&D per 1000 population11. Number of beds per 1000 population12. Number of foreign tourists per 1000 population13. Tourist traffic intensity index by Charvat14. Percentage of employed persons in market services 15. Employed persons per 1000 population16. Dwellings completed per 1000 population 17. Unemployment rate18. Gross Domestic Product per capita19. Area of national and landscape parks in % of grand total area of unit20. Emission of particulate pollutants from plants generating substantial air pollution per 1 sq km21. Emission of gaseous pollutants from plants generating substantial air pollution per 1sq km22. Forest cover in %

(LAU 1):

SLOVAKIA

PODKARPACKIE

POLAND

MAŁOPOLSKIE

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLAST

ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST

UKRAINE

LUBELSKIE

STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO

ŚLĄSKIE

VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO

VOLYN OBLASTIVANO-FRANKIVSK OBLAST

LUBELSKIE VOIVODSHIP

VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKOSTREDNÉ SLOVENSKOŚLĄSKIE VOIVODSHIPMAŁOPOLSKIE VOIVODSHIP

PODKARPACKIE VOIVODSHIP

LVIV OBLASTZAKARPATTIA OBLAST

0,629

0,2090,2220,2360,3290,3350,3920,4080,4390,492

REGION TMRi

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TAXONOMIC MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENT (NUTS 2)

15

TAXONOMIC MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENT (LAU 1)

Z am ość

R zeszó w

Lu b l in

Tych y

C zęs to ch ow a

Tarno brze g

C h e łm

N o w y S ącz

B ia ła P o d la ska

B rezn o

Z ilina

P reso v

K os ice--o ko lie

R o zn ava

Tre b iso v

B ard e jo v

H u m en ne

S vidn ik

B anska B ys trica

B anska S travn ica

POLAND

SLOVAKIA

P rzem yś l

P oprad

Tarnó wK rakó w

K rosn o

0,147 - 0,070

0,247 - 0,148

0,347 - 0,248

0,447 - 0,348

0,548 - 0,448

Lp. REGION TMRi1. Liptovský Mikuláš (SK) 0,5482. Poprad (SK) 0,5063. powiat tatrzański (PL) 0,5014. Kraków (PL) 0,3735. Krupina (SK) 0,3306. Jaremcze (UA) 0,3297. powiat leski (PL) 0,3268. powiat cieszyński (PL) 0,3259. Ružomberok (SK) 0,312

10. Tvrdošin (SK) 0,310.... ..................... ............

232. Radziechów (UA) 0,044233. Lokachi (UA) 0,042234. Busk (UA) 0,040235. Horodenka (UA) 0,038236. Horokhiv (UA) 0,037237. Turka (UA) 0,033238. Turiis'k (UA) 0,032239. Żydaczów (UA) 0,031240. Przemyślany (UA) 0,008241. Rohatyn (UA) -0,013

AHP allows one to assess the validity of the factors affecting the development of local units (strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats), to determine their synthetic assessments of internal and external conditions, and on this basis, to identify the types of developmental units.

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ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

Types of strategies

1. Aggressive strategy (maxi-maxi) is created for areas where strengths and opportunities prevail in their environment. This is a strategy of strong expansion and diversified development.

2. Conservative strategy (maxi-mini) is based on the large internal potential but must also attempt to overcome the threats from the outside.

3. Competitive strategy (mini-maxi) is created for areas where strengths overweigh weaknesses, and the layout of external conditions is favorable.

4. Defensive strategy (mini-mini) is created for areas where there are fewer developmental opportunities than in areas belonging to other strategies. These areas exist in less favourable surroundings and their potential for growth is weaker. This strategy is mainly to provide them such a position that is currently in the country and minimize risks and weaknesses occurring within the area.

5. Mixed strategy for other areas that do not have clear strengths and weaknesses mix strategy is created.

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-0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

stredne slovensko

vychodne slovensko

zakarpacki

iwano-frankowski

lwowski

wołyński

śląskie

małopolskie

podkarpackie

lubelskie

stredne slovensko

vychodne slovensko

zakarpacki

iwano-frankowskilwowskiwołyński

śląskie

małopolskie

podkarpackie

lubelskie

Aggressive strategyCompetitive strategy

Traditional strategyDefensive strategy

Opportunities

Threats

Mixed strategy

StrengthsW

eakn

esse

s

AHP METHOD (NUTS 2)

-0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Czop

Użgorod

Luts'k

Lokachi

Kovel'

Horokhiv

Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi

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Aggressive strategy

Competitive strategy

Traditional strategyDefensive strategy

Wea

knes

ses S

trengths

Opportunities

Threats

AHP METHOD (LAU 1)

Użgorod

Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi

Liuboml'

Luts'k

Ivanych Mixed strategy

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AHP METHOD (NUTS 2)

SLOVAKIA

PODKARPACKIE

POLAND

MAŁOPOLSKIE

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLASTZAKARPATTIA

OBLAST

UKRAINE

LUBELSKIE

STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO

ŚLĄSKIE

VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO

Strategy:mixedaggressive

competitive

defensive

traditional

SLOVAKIA

PODKARPACKIE

POLAND

MAŁOPOLSKIE

UKRAINE

LUBELSKIE

STREDNÉ SLOVENSKO

ŚLĄSKIE

VÝCHODNÉ SLOVENSKO

VOLYN OBLAST

LVIV OBLAST

IVANO-FRANKIVSKOBLAST

ZAKARPATTIAOBLAST

Zamość

Tarnów

Przemyśl

Rzeszów

Krosno

Lublin

Tychy

Częstochowa

Tarnobrzeg

Chełm

Nowy Sącz

Biała Podlaska

Brezno

PopradZilina

Presov

Roznava

Bardejov

Humenne

Svidnik

Banska Bystrica

Banska Stravnica

Strategy:mixedaggressive

competitive

defensive

traditional

Kraków

POLAND

SLOVAKIA

Trebisov

Kosice--okolie

Zamość

Przemyśl

Rzeszów

Lublin

Tychy

Częstochowa

Tarnobrzeg

Chełm

Nowy Sącz

Biała Podlaska

Brezno

PopradZilina

Presov

Kosice--okolie

Roznava

Trebisov

Bardejov

Humenne

Svidnik

Banska Bystrica

Banska Stravnica

TarnówKraków

Krosno

POLAND

SLOVAKIA

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Directions for creating a coherent research system:

determination of the specificity and creation of a typology of border areas:

specification of the most important endogenous and exogenous

factors affecting the economy and regional development (entrepreneurship,

labour market, exchange rates, price levels, environmental protection, living conditions, migration,

tourism, etc.),

clustering of border crossings and border areas in terms of similarity.

SUMMARY

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inventory of information resources of official statistics;

use of extra-statistical sources of information (e.g.mobile telephone operators, travel

agencies, regional offices – permits to work issued for foreigners, foreign administrative sources);

combining information from the registers and sample surveys;

preparing methodological reports (e.g. for CBC Index – choosing of spatial units, selecting of

variables and methods) ;

cooperation between countries in:

conducting joint research;

creating a uniform information infrastructure (knowledge base on transborder areas);

undertaking initiatives, preparation and implementation of projects with the use of the EU’s funds.

SUMMARY (cont.)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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