mare 250 dr. jason turner introduction to statistics
Post on 22-Dec-2015
218 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MARE 250Dr. Jason Turner
Introduction to Statistics
![Page 2: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Statistics 101 (really 250)
calculation of trends
quantitative observations
![Page 3: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Statistics 101 (really 250)
analysis and interpretation of data
not only data analysis
![Page 4: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Statistics 101 (really 250)Initial Observations
Explanatory Model
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis, Formulated with Experimental Test in Mind
Experiment orField Sampling Test
DATA
STATISTICS
![Page 5: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MARE 250 – Stats in Marine Science
Will attempt to provide you with an adequate amount of statistical background to:
![Page 6: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Key Concept of the Day…Introduction to Statistics
Define terms relating to data and data collection
![Page 7: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of Biological DataVariable –
Different kinds of scientists collect different kinds of data
![Page 8: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ratio ScaleData on a Ratio Scale:
![Page 9: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ratio ScaleThere is
There exists
![Page 10: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Interval ScaleData on an Interval Scale:
Interval Scales
![Page 11: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ordinal ScaleData on an Ordinal Scale:
Ordinal Scales –
![Page 12: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ordinal Scale
Many useful statistical procedures are applicable to ordinal data
![Page 13: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nominal ScaleData on a Nominal Scale:
Nominal Scale –
![Page 14: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Biological DataContinuous and Discrete Data
Continuous Variable –
![Page 15: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Biological DataDiscrete or Discontinuous (Meristic) Variable –
![Page 16: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Accuracy and Significant FiguresAccuracy –
Precision –
Accuracy and Precision are NOT synonymous
![Page 17: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Accuracy and Significant FiguresSignificant Figures –
Therefore, typically report less that the smallest accuracy taken…
![Page 18: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Accuracy and Significant FiguresFor example…
If you took the measurements:8.01, 8.0, 8.01554, 8.015546778, 8.0155467782222444555666677788
You would report and average of :
more accurately you would report:
![Page 19: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Frequency DistributionsFrequency Table –
Fishes collected from a near-shore reef community:Species Number Observed
Raccoon Butterflyfish 25Hawaiian Yellow Tang 20Bluespotted Grouper 5Moorish Idol 15
![Page 20: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fishes collected from a near-shore reef community:
Species Number Observed
Raccoon Butterflyfish 25
Hawaiian Yellow Tang 20
Bluespotted Grouper 5
Moorish Idol 15
Frequency Distributions
![Page 21: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Frequency DistributionsFrequency Distribution –
Num
ber
of I
ndiv
idua
ls
0
10
20
30
Rac
coon
But
terf
lyfis
hH
awai
ian
Yel
low
Tan
gB
lues
pott
ed g
roup
er
Moo
rish
Idol
Bar Graph
![Page 22: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Frequency DistributionsHistogram –
Length of Individuals (mm)
30
Num
ber
of I
ndiv
idua
ls
0
10
20
10-1
9
20-2
9
30-3
9
40-4
9
50-5
9
60-6
9
70-7
9
![Page 23: MARE 250 Dr. Jason Turner Introduction to Statistics](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d805503460f94a63d32/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Next Time…
Chapter 2:Populations
and Samples