*0 A071 461 NAVY EXPE*IPtNTAL DIVINS (MIT PANAMA CITY FL F/S 14/2EVALUATION Off COWERCIALLY AVAILABI.E SISE*SISLZ PflSStPE SAUSE—CYC (U)MAR 79 a R MIDO4..ETON

UNCLASSIFIED NEDV—3—79

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NAVY EXPERIMENTAL Divuic UNIT

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a[~~ISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

Approved for public release;Distribution Unlimited

79 (J~ ’ 001

_ LEV~ ’7~~* t t t L C i t ~ JX ~ _____

DEPARTMENT OF’ THE NAVYNAVY EXPE RIMF.NTAL I ) I V I N G UNIT

Panama C i t y . Florida 32407

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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NAVY EXPE RIM ENTA l. I ) J V IN C U N i T

REPORT NO. ~—79

EVAL1JATI ON OFC014€RCIALLY AVAILABLE SURMF .RS I BLF

PRESS URE GAUGES

JAMES R . MT IM)LETON

March 197 9

App roved for pubi Ic r el t~;c; d i st r thut I m un i u n t t cJ f) f1) (

~~~ :

L LI~J.~ ~~ ~ThRev A~~~r~~~ed .

MIDU ETON 3.T. HARRI SON (‘ .A. BARTHOI OM E’Weat Fng ine er I T , LJSN ( D K , U SN

Ope ra t t t~n~ O f t t cer Coimnaud ing O t t I cer

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SECURITY CL A SSI F ICA TI O N or 1.11$ PAGL (When 0•t. Entered)

REP’~RT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PA CE READ IN STR UCT I ONSUM l~ I I~~ U’ ~~~ BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

I ~ EPO*T NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESIION NO 3. RECIPIENT ’ S C A T A LO G NU MBER

NEDU REPORT 3—794. T IT LE (end IubItIt.) 5. TYPE or REPORT * PERIOD COVEREO

• / )Evaluation of Commercially AvailableJ NEDIJ Report

Submersible Pressure Gauges,

•. P ERF OR MING oRG. REPORT NUMB ER

7. A UTHOR(.) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUR(.)

James R. Middleton

S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAM E AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT . TASKAREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Navy Experimental Diving Unit ...— . /Panama City, Florida 32407 .1- -

I I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

IS. NUMBER OF PAOESd 21• fl . MONITORING AGENCY NAM E 6 AOORESS(If dSf f . r w t from Controlllnd Of f I c e ) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of f b i . r.por i)

IS.. DECLASSI FICAT ION/DOW NGRADINOSCHEDULE

15. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Ripen )

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of (A. .b.tnlc ( .nt.r.d in Block 20. ii dSf tersn t from R.p or t)

IS. SUPPLEMENTA RY NOTES

IS. KEY WOROS (ContInue a,, revs?.. sid. If n.c..omv end identity by block nomb r)

Submersible Pressure Gauge Sea_VueR GaugeBourdon TubeUnderwater Pressure GaugeSubmersible Tank Pressure Gauge

30. ABSTRACT (Continue on rev r.e .Id. if nec.i..ry end id..ntSfy by block n. bir)

Fourteen commercially available submersible pressure gauges wereevaluated by the Navy Experimental Diving Unit to determine accuracy andwatertight integrity. The gauges tested represent a realistic survey ofthe market. While not every gauge currently sold in the (J.S.A. was tested,the results of this test are felt to represent the general state—of—the—artin gauge design and manufacturing technique. As a result of unmanned test— c ,,ing, and due to the overall quality of design and construction, it is

DD ~~~~~~~ 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 55 lB OBSOL ETE UNCLASSIFIEDS/N 0 I 0 2 014- 6601 I

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TI4IS PAGE (PM,, 5.. . lItt ered)

~~~~~ i~~~~~ •~ •~~~~~.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

— ——~~--.--.-

~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~

s.l’I~~t V ~ LA S $ • P I L A T I O N LIP T$4I5 PAGI (WIt m, 5... int .,.d)

‘recommended that submersible pre’~sure gauges be designated as open purchaseItems on t he l i~i t ot equipment Approved for Navy Use (ANt!). It should beemph~stztd to all divers that submersible presaure gauges should be giventhe same care as that given other life supporting equipment.~

UNCLASSIFIF.I)SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF tHIS PASE(WRon bs?e liitered J

k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

F!ABSTRACT

Fourteen commercially available submersible pressure gauges wereevaluated by the Navy Experimental Diving Unit to determine accuracy andwatertight integrity. The gauges tested represent a realistic survey ofthe market. While not every gauge currently sold in the U.S.A. was tested,the results of this test are felt to represent the general state—of—the—artin gauge design and manufacturing technique. As a result of unmanned test-ing, and due to the overall quality of design and construction, it isrecommended that submersible pressure gauges be designated as open purchaseitess on the list of equipment Approved for Navy Use (ANU). It should beemphasized to all divers that submersible pressure gauges should be giventhe same care as tha t given other life supporting equipment.

__________ -- . - •-

ITABLE OF CONTENT S

Paje

INTRODUCTION 1

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTI ONS 2 rTEST PROCEDURE 5

TEST PLAN 5

CONTROLLED PARA14~TERS 5

MEASURED PARAMETER S 8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9

ACCURACY TEST 9

PRESSUR E SHIFT TEST 11

WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY TEST 12

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATI ONS 13

APPENDIX A - TEST EQUIPMENT A-i

APPENDIX B - CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE B—i

Ir

I

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • .~~~~ ..-

GLOSSARY

Bourdon tube a pressure measuring device with either a “C”• shaped ot spiral “helical” shaped tube which is

flattened and sealed at the tip

FSW feet of seawater

NEDU Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City, Flor ida

psig pounds per square inch gauge

watertight integrity ability to prevent water leaks into and/or air leaksout of

kg/cm2 kilograms per square centimeter

Ii

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INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

During January 1979, the Navy Experimental Diving Unit tested 14commercially available submersible pressure gauges . Unmanned tests wereperformed to determine accuracy and watertight integrity of the followingpressure gauges. (NOTE: Numbers 1 through 14 keyed to gauges in figure 1)

1. Healthways, Model No. 1629 (0—3500 psig)2. Sportsvays, Model No. 1407 (0—3500 psig)3. White Stag Deep, Model No. 51159 (0—4000 psig)4. *Poseidon, Model No. 7324 (0—5000 psig) •

1

5. Farallon, Model No. 04—1008 (0—4000 psig)6. *Sportsways, Model No. 1408 (0—5000 psig)7. Scubapro, Model No. 28—132—000 (0—3500 psig)8. U.S. Cavalero, Model No. p/n 355—000 (0—3500 pslg)9. Sportsvays, Model No. 1406 (0—3500 psig)10. *Selpac, Model No. SPC—5000 (0—5000 psig)11. Dacor, Model TAG (0—3500 psig)12. U.S. Divers, Model No. 7036—00 (0—3500 psig)13. Sportsways, Model No. 1409 (0—4000 psig)14. AMF Swimaster, Model No. DS—ill (0—4000 psig)

*Same gauge, different brand name

1

E Q UIP ~~ N.I . DE SCRIP TIONSF~~ su~~~~~~~1 pressure gauge which allows monitoring of air SUpply

.111 times , began as a safety accessory and Rradually became an lfldfspen

sdb[e adjunc t to the SCUM CYlilder ~lr.re9erv mechanism All 14 pressure

gauges tested by NEDU Incorporate a Bourdon tube mechanism of sPfra1~~~~~d

‘‘“ tube desi~~ POsitioned at Ofl~ end of a high_pressure hose, each

gauge employ8 a chrome_covered oras5 stainless steel, or Plastic case hous-

ing . Tables 1 and 2 Provide de~crjptive data for the 14 Pressure gauge8

Many of the pressure gauges tested may also be procured in a COWPOSIte

COnsole Conffgur8~ j0~ with a depth gauge or other submersible iflStru~ent

pregsu~~ gauge .

Th5 test results in thj3 report however apply only to the

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_ _ _ _ -

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~~ 1~ .~~. Sp~ u 1.41 Features ~~i Submer sib l e ~:auges

C ’ R ~ ~ S [‘RE CA~’CF

______________

x _____ _____ _____

x— _____

x _____

xX X X X X

~JH I TE STAGDEEP ‘~5I1S9 X X X X XPOS FIDO N v XA

FARALLONt104_ 1008 X X X X XS PORTS WAYS

- iSCUBAPRO

~2 S— l 3 2 — O 0 O XU . S . CAVALEROp/n 355—000

SPORTS WAY SU1406

SELPAC x#SPC— 5000

DACOR TAG x X X X X X

U.S. DIVERS

~fr7 036—00

SPOR IS WAY S#1409

AMF# DS— lL1

4

.~~~~—.

~~~~~~~—- ——~~~- -~~~~~~~-—~~~---.--— .--,.. -•---

~~~- , . •

TEST PROCEDURE

TEST P LAN

Test equipment is listed iii Appendix A; the test setup is illustratedin figures 2 and 3.

Accuracy Test

To determine gauge accuracy, all 14 submersible pressure gauges wereconnected to a test gauge manifold (figure 1) which was connected to a gaugecomparator (illustrated in figure 2). A Roylyn precision/direct drive gauge(with 1/4 of one percent accuracy) was the calibrated standard for pressur-izing the test manifold at 3500 psig. See Appendix B for Roylyn calibrationchart. Beginning with 3500 psig, difference8 in pressure readings betweenthe submersible gauges and the Roylyn gauge were recorded for each 100 psigincrement in pressure reduction. Data was recorded while gauge pressure wascontinually decrea sing, which is the normal mode of operation under actualdiving conditions.

Pressure Shift Test

When 0 psig was reached , pressure was again increased to 3500 psig, main-tained for 30 minutes, and any shifts in pressure gauge readings were recorded.Accuracy readings were repeated when pressure was reduced to 1000 psig and500 psig, respectively.

Watertight Integrity Test

To determine watertight integrity, the 14 gauges were placed in a water—filled test box inside a hyperbaric chamber, and connected to a high pressuregas supply via the test manifold and pressure regulator (illustrated infigure 3). The gauges were pressurized to 500 psig at 200 FSW for one hourand were observed for water leaks and/or escaping air. They were then broughtto the surface and inspected. The same procedure was repeated at 3500 psigsupply pressure at 200 FSW. For all test applications, helium was the gasmedium selected for its leak detection properties.

CONTROLLED PARMIETERS

The following parameters were controlled during test procedures.

1. Gas supply pressurea. Accuracy Test: 3500 to 0 psig in 100 psig pressure reduction

incrementsb. Pressure Shift Test: 3500, 1000 and 500 psigc. Watertight Integrity Test: 3500 and 500 psig

2. Test depth: 200 FSW (watertight integrity test only)3. Gas medium: helium

5

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--~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _

HMSURED PARAMETERS

t he’ l o llowing parameters were used durtng the test.

1. t.auge accu racy: Pressure readings of each test gauge were recordedto t he nearest 2S p stg at each 100 ps ig Incremental p ressure reduction .2. W a t e r t i gh t in t e g r i t y : Any wa ter leaking into or gas escaping fromtest gauges was noted .

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACCURACY TEST

Table 4 represents data plotted during accuracy test. The gauges arenumbered according to position on the test manifold (illustrated in figure 1).Positive numbers indicate readings above, and negative numbers indicate read-ings below the Roylyn precision gauge standard . Blank spaces indicate no vari-ation. Accuracy results from table 4 were averaged for each gauge to determineaverage variation from the Roylyn precision gauge standard. The pressure gaugesare ranked in order of least to greatest average variation in accuracy intable 3, below. It is important to note that the most accurate gauge tested(Poseidon, Model No. 7324) and the next—to—least accurate (Selpac, Model No.SPG—5000) are identical gauges made by the same manufacturer and marketed bytwo different companies. The average variatic-n in accuracy ranges from 25 psigfor the Poseidon and 134.48 psig for the Selpac. This is a good indication ofthe level of quality assurance that exists In co~~iercially available gaugesregardless of brand.

Table 3. Accu racy Ranking

Test Manif old AveragePosition No. Variation

Rank Gauge (ref. table 1) (in psig)

1 Poseidon , Mode l No. 7324 * 4 25.00(0—5000 psig)

2 Sportsways, Model No. 1409 13 30.36(0—4000 psig)

3 Healthvays, Model No. 1629 1 40.00(0—3500 psig)

4 Farallon , Model No. 04— 1008 5 47.32(0—4000 psig)

S Dacor, Model TAG 11 47.50(0—3500 psig)

6 White Stag Deep , Model No. 51159 3 49.14(0—4000 pslg)

7 Sportsways , Model No. 1407 2 50 .00(end vi.ew/O—3500 psig)

8 AIIF Swimaster , Model No. DS—l 11 14 50 .00(0—4000 psig)

9 Spor tsways , Model No. 1406 9 65.91(0—3500 psig)

10 Sportaways, Model No. 1408 * 6 99.19(0—5000 psig)

11 U.S . Divers , Model No. 7036—00 12 109 .48(0—3500 psig)

12 Scubapro , Model No. 28—132—000 7 123.57(0—3500 psig)

13 Selpac , Model No. SPG—5000 * 10 134.48(0—5000 psig)

14 U.S. Cavalero, Model No. pIn 355—000 8 166.38(0—3500 psig)

* Same gauge, differen t brand name

L..~ ~~~~~~

~~1’~ • . \ .~~~~~~~~ i . t ~~~~’ ~~

ACCURACY ± PSIG

! ~‘/I L ’~/ !/J4 /~4 ’ ~~~~~3500 J-25 -25 -(25 ~sIOO +200 +200 -25 —(25 —(00

3400 +50 +50 [ -25 -25 -zooI+;ooj +200 +50 +200 -50 -(25 +25 - 1003300 +50 +50

-

1-25 _ 1751+125 +225 +100 +200 -200 +25 - 753200 +50 +50 +25 -25 -75 ~+25 +225 +150 + (75 -200 +25 —753(00 +50 +50 +25 -25 -75 f+i~s +225 +150 +200 -200 +25 —50

— - - — ~~~~~~~~

2900 +50 +50 +50 -25 +25 -150it125 +200 +50 +175 -(75 +25 —252800 +50 + 50 + 5° ~~~

+~°2700 + 50 +50 +50 -25 +25 -50 T~150 +200 + 50 +200 -(50 +50 -25

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2600 +50 +50 +50 -25 +25 -125 +150 1-200 + 5() +175 —ISO +25 —25[isoo +25 +50 +50 +50 — (25 +125 +175 +50 4(50 —(50 -25[2400 +50 +50 +50 +50 -I25~ +2 5 +175 +50 -1-175 -(25 +50 -25

+50 +50 -25 +50 —(00 ] 4(25 ] +~75 +50 -

+175 -(25 +25

~~ ~i~i ~~~ ]~~ 1~i~ ~~~~ -100 +50

—

2(00 +50 +50 +75 +50{00T~T5oJ~j 75 +50 4(50 +50 -(00 +25

2000 .4~°L - ~~~~~~~~~ .+l.~~ ~~~~ ~~~1900 +25 +75 +50 -(00 +150 +150 +50 +150 - 100 —25(800 +25 [+50 +50

~ +75 [-(00 +l50~~+I50 +50 +100 -100 +25

—( 700 +25 L +50 ~ -25 +75 [—100 +1501+150 +50 +100 +25 -75

~~~~~+25 F ~~÷75~~ 4+754.- 100 t125 ] +150 +50 +75 +50 -100

—

1500 -i SO +75 -75 +125 1 +125 +100 +25 -50_____ - - 4——~~— - --~ —~~~~— - --+- - - -- - -- 1---— -— — ——

400 +25 I _~ +50 ~~~~ L÷1504.+I50 +50 +100 -75

1 ( 300 . +25~ +50 fl +5O~~~5 O l +~ o +i5O 1Tt5O ÷~~___ -

+50 -—

450_L~~

° + I25~~~25[f50 -50 — —r

1100 - . - 1÷~

—

+~o 1—50~~+l25jf~~ +75 — 50

~ O0flj ~~~~~~~

+5O~~~~~l+lO 0I+~~~

~~~~~~~~ — +50 25

—

1 800 : J÷so 425 —50 4(25 +l ? ~~~, +50 —25— —

700 -

+25 ~~J~~

25JI—50 +125 +125 ~-f 5O ~4 2~~

+ I + 254_ 50 + 100

_ _ _

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~_?2~ __-__ L__L L~~~ .. ~~L ~.j ’9’? 4 ~~~(00 4 —50 -(00 -(00 -(00 -t50 —(00 +25

E~LrnJ~~~TT _ 1 J . I ~~~~~

~~~~~~.-—-- ..-• -- ‘

--

PRESSURE SHIFT TEST

Af te r 3500 psig was reache l and m a i n t a i n e d for 30 minutes , a ll gaugereadings were constant (see table 5) ; no s h i f t s were ev ident. Af te r the30 minute pressure test , accura:v readings (with Roylyn standard) for1000 and 500 psig, respectivel y, were not significantly different fromreadings taken during the prevt~us at~euracy test (recorded in table 3).

Table 5. F.e~ults of Pressure Shift Test

_ _ _ _ _ _ V

_ _ _

I 2 3 4 5 6 7START 3500 +50 +50 -200 +100

DEVIATI ON AFTER 3500 0 0 0 C) 0 0 030 MINUTE S -

1000 +50 +50 — SO + 125

500 +25 +100

~~ 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

ISTART 3500 +200 +50 +200 -2 5 — 2 2 5 -100

tD EVIAT I ON AFTE R 3500 0 0 0 C) 0 0 0[~ 0 MI N UTES _____ _____ _____ ____ ____

1000 +125 +50 — 2 5

500 +100

KEYBlank space — no variation from Roylyn standardPositive number — reading above Roylvn standardNsgative number — reading below Rov ly n standard0 — represents no deviation a f t er 30 mInutes

i i

_

I

WATERTIG HT INTE GRITY TEST

All submers ib le pressure g~.ugee maintained watertight integrity at200 FSW when pressurized at 500 and 3500 psig for one hour at each pres-sure level. No gas escape was observed , nor did wat.r enter any of thegauge case housings.

12

_ -.- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION S

Accuracy of the submersible pressure gauges ranged from 25 to 166 psi gin average variation from the Roylyn precision gauge standard . Thus, a div-er must not expect these gauges to provide reading accuracy better than4 250 psig at the upper end of the gauge range and ~ 100 pslg at the lowerend between 500 and 0 psig. Nfvertheless, a submersible pressure gauge servesas a valuable diving instrument and should be considered indispensable formission planning and diver sa;ety.

Pressure shifts experienced after pressurization for 30 minutes at3500 psig and subsequent pressure reduction to 1000 and 500 psig were neg-lig ible.

All gauges tested maintained their watertight integrity at a test depthof 200 FSW when sublected to supply pressures of 3500 and 500 psig, respec-tively, for one hour.

RECOMMENDATIONS

While gauge accuracy was re la t ively consistent , a cer ta in tolerance inaccu racy is to be expected . A ca re fu l diver must be cognizant of the accuracyl im i t a t i on inherent to the submersible pressure gauge and use it accordingly.Due to the relative merits and ove r a l l qu a l i t y desi gn and construction oft he products tested , it is recommended tha t submersible pressure gauges bedesignated as diver preference, open purchase items on the list of equipmentApproved for Navy Use (AND), enclosure 2 to OPNAVINST 9597.1 series.

Submersible pressure gauges are designed to withstand heavy wear andtear; it is recommended , however, that they should be afforded the same careas that given to other life supporting equipment.

13

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APPENDIX A

_ _ _ _ -

TEST EQUIPM~~T

Hyperbaric Chamber

Test gauge manifold

Water—filled test box

Ex terna l gas supply pressure gauge

Pressure regulator

Chamber depth gauge

Submersible pressure gauges

Gauge comparator , King Pneumatic Amplifier Mod . 3194!, SN 4340manufactured July 1978 by Nutronics Corp., Woodland Hills ,Cal i forn ia

Royl~n Precision/Direct Drive Gauge, 0—4000 psig, SN 785956manufactured by 3D Instruments , Inc., Hun t ingdon Beach,California (See appendix B for Roylyn gauge calibrationchart.)

A- 1

- --“ a—- - .. --

APPENDIX B -

I

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ —_ —- -- —.- . _ -~~~ - —~~

~~~~~~~~ - _ . -~~~~~~~~~ - _ __ _— -_ - - -

CALIBRATION CERTIFICATEROY LV N PRESSURE GA UGE

PART NUMBER i5~Y~c-~ ,’,cg~ SERIAL NUMBER 7~59$<cPRESSURE R MGE 2-~’CY)’23.SJ. ACCURACY -e ______S FUU. $~~~ (~ ~‘~‘.OQ PS.L)

CALIBRATIONINCREASING PRESSURE DECREASING PRESSURE

Applied PrelL Indicated Press. Difference Applied Pr~s. Indicated Press. Difference

p t2. (~O (2(?(’? 4~ ’OO ~3z~~~OO 7~2’)

~zo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2c~ 3~oo ~~22oc - 3.00

_ _ _ _ _ _ / ~~~ZOO - 2.O() ~2SOO ~~~T~-)/ - O( -t / 0 0_-?x:,

~~~~~~~~~ -~~L70 i <OO .- 2 ~’-0C~ -~~-

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2CC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~ -~- ‘~~~~(

r~~ç1() ~99?0() - .~‘.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~ C~~(.-

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- - —

Calibrated in_~~~~ L~~dL~ Position. Temp.~~ — ° F.This is to certify that this gauge has been inspected and tested

against Pressure Standard~t~4iIiSr/ ~ ‘-0 r~ ‘L~~ ’~’ ~~~~~ c—U 6.

traceable to the National Bureau of Standards, traceability ref erence . ..E. ~4c3. ~~~~

compensated to local acceleration due to gravity.Special Conditions:. - __________________________________________

DATE OF CALIBRATtOPI_’7 ~~~~~ INSPECTOR !~ tZ~ -

3D Instruments Inc. 15542 Chemical Lane, Huntington Beach, Calif. 92649

B—i____- . .

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