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Map
pin
g t
he
E-m
ail U
niv
erse
Dm
itri A
lper
ovitc
hP
rinci
pal R
esea
rch
Eng
inee
r
Cip
herT
rust
Pro
prie
tary
& C
onfid
entia
l
On
e o
f th
e F
aste
stG
row
ing
Tec
h C
om
pan
y
•Bes
t-of
-bre
ed y
et
Inte
grat
ed –
inbo
und
& o
utbo
und
•G
loba
l int
ellig
ence
(T
rust
edS
ourc
e) fo
r pr
oact
ive
thre
at
prev
entio
n•
11 p
aten
ts
pend
ing/
awar
ded
•Bes
t-of
-bre
ed y
et
Inte
grat
ed –
inbo
und
& o
utbo
und
•G
loba
l int
ellig
ence
(T
rust
edS
ourc
e) fo
r pr
oact
ive
thre
at
prev
entio
n•
11 p
aten
ts
pend
ing/
awar
ded
•Am
ong
top
50
fast
est g
row
ing
com
pani
es: R
ed
Her
ring,
Alw
aysO
n,
Cat
alys
t and
ot
hers
.•P
rofit
able
for
cons
ecut
ive
12
quar
ters
•Am
ong
top
50
fast
est g
row
ing
com
pani
es: R
ed
Her
ring,
Alw
aysO
n,
Cat
alys
t and
ot
hers
.•P
rofit
able
for
cons
ecut
ive
12
quar
ters
Th
e L
ead
er in
M
essa
gin
g S
ecu
rity
•ID
C: C
iphe
rTru
st
is b
igge
r th
an th
e ne
xt 4
com
petit
ors
com
bine
d•1
/3 o
f For
tune
500
co
unt o
n C
iphe
rTru
st•G
loba
l pre
senc
e w
ith c
usto
mer
s in
40
+ c
ount
ries
•ID
C: C
iphe
rTru
st
is b
igge
r th
an th
e ne
xt 4
com
petit
ors
com
bine
d•1
/3 o
f For
tune
500
co
unt o
n C
iphe
rTru
st•G
loba
l pre
senc
e w
ith c
usto
mer
s in
40
+ c
ount
ries #1
in A
ll C
ateg
ori
es b
y L
ead
ing
Rev
iew
ers
& A
nal
ysts
Cip
her
Tru
st H
igh
ligh
ts
Pio
nee
red
E-m
ail
Sec
uri
ty G
atew
ay
Cip
herT
rust
Con
fiden
tial
Cip
herT
rust
Lead
er's
Qua
dran
t
Bes
t Buy
Aw
ard
Bes
t All-
arou
nd S
olut
ion
#1 in
Mar
ket S
hare
Edi
tor’s
Cho
ice
Cip
herT
rust
Pro
prie
tary
& C
onfid
entia
l
Pio
nee
rin
g E
mai
l Sec
uri
ty A
pp
lian
ceE
nte
rpri
se L
ead
ersh
ip L
ead
s to
Mar
ket
Do
min
ance
SC
M A
pp
lian
ces
(200
4)
So
urc
e: ID
C 2
005Cip
her
Tru
st’s
mar
ket
shar
e eq
ual
s th
e 4
clo
sest
co
mp
etit
ors
co
mb
ined
.
Co
mp
etit
or
1 -
3.1%
Co
mp
etit
or
4 -
4.3%
Co
mp
etit
or
2 - 9.
8%
Co
mp
etit
or
3 -
4.8%
Oth
ers
42%
Cip
her
Tru
st24
%
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
His
tory
of M
essa
gin
g A
ttac
ksH
isto
ry o
f M
essa
gin
g A
ttac
ks
•E
-mai
l•
May
3, 1
978:
1stE
-mai
l Spa
m (
DE
C)
•Ja
nuar
y 19
96:
1stM
ajor
Phi
shin
g S
cam
(A
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•F
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ary
26, 1
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l Viru
s (S
hare
Fun
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Mar
ch 2
6, 1
999:
1stM
ajor
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ail V
irus
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issa
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Nov
embe
r 1,
199
9:1s
tA
utom
ated
E-m
ail W
orm
(B
ubbl
e B
oy)
•Ja
nuar
y 13
, 200
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tE
-mai
l Viru
s C
onne
cted
to
Spa
mm
ers
(Sob
ig)
•In
stan
t M
essa
gin
g•
Late
199
7:
1stIM
spa
m
•A
pril
25, 2
001
1stw
orm
to u
se IM
for
prop
agat
ion.
(F
unny
File
s)
•F
ebru
ary
24, 2
004
1stm
ass-
spre
adin
g IM
wor
m.
(Biz
ex)
Wir
eles
s M
essa
gin
g
June
14,
200
41s
tce
ll ph
one
viru
s (C
abir)
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Spam
Gro
wth
Rat
eSpam
Gro
wth
Rat
e
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100% Ja
n-02
Mar
-02 M
ay-0
2Ju
l-02
Sep-0
2Nov-0
2Ja
n-03
Mar
-03 M
ay-0
3Ju
l-03
Sep-0
3Nov-0
3Ja
n-04
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-04 M
ay-0
4Ju
l-04
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4Nov-0
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n-05
Spa
m
Goo
d M
ail
Janu
ary
2004
68%
Spa
m
Janu
ary
2003
49%
Spa
m
Janu
ary
2005
81%
Spa
m
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Fighting S
pam
Fighting S
pam
•T
wo
mai
n ap
proa
ches
to fi
lter
spam
: –
Exa
min
e th
e co
nten
t of t
he m
essa
ge•
Mac
hine
-lear
ning
tech
niqu
es (
Bay
esia
n, S
VM
)•
Sig
natu
re-b
ased
pat
tern
mat
chin
g te
chni
ques
–E
xam
ine
the
send
er o
f the
mes
sage
•W
hite
lists
/Bla
cklis
ts•
Cha
lleng
e R
espo
nse
Sys
tem
s•
Rep
utat
ion
Sys
tem
s
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Conte
nt
Conte
nt --
Filter
ing C
hal
lenges
Filter
ing C
hal
lenges
•N
ever
-end
ing
cat &
mou
se g
ame
agai
nst
spam
mer
rand
omiz
atio
ns
•M
ost s
olut
ions
fail
mis
erab
ly a
gain
st s
pam
in
Asi
an c
hara
cter
set
s (m
any
Asi
an la
ngua
ges
have
no
whi
tesp
ace
sepa
ratio
n be
twee
n w
ords
)
•M
achi
ne-le
arni
ng te
chni
ques
that
req
uire
tr
aini
ng g
ener
ally
are
less
effe
ctiv
e in
gat
eway
/ or
gani
zatio
n-w
ide
depl
oym
ents
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Sim
ple
Dru
g S
pam
Sim
ple
Dru
g S
pam
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
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Bus
ines
s P
ropr
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Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
EE-- m
ail Sen
der
IP
Univ
erse
mai
l Sen
der
IP
Univ
erse
Gra
y M
ail S
ende
rs
Goo
dB
ad7%
Legi
timat
eR
egul
arC
omm
unic
atio
nP
artn
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egio
usly
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Sen
ders
51%
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Tra
ditio
nal
Appro
ach
Tra
ditio
nal
Appro
ach
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dB
ad7%
Wh
itel
ists
42%
Bla
cklis
ts
Ign
ore
d
51%
Cip
herT
rust
Pro
prie
tary
& C
onfid
entia
l
Tru
sted
So
urc
eA
rch
itec
ture
Sh
are
glo
bal
inte
llig
ence
wit
h lo
cal b
ehav
ior
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sted
So
urc
e.o
rg
Gener
al D
ata
Enter
pris
es
170,
000
zom
bies
per
day
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of F
ortu
ne 5
00 d
ata
Bill
ions
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ener
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mes
sage
s fr
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iphe
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c. 2
005
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herT
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ines
s P
ropr
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ry -
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ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Sen
der
Beh
avio
ral Tes
tsSen
der
Beh
avio
ral Tes
ts
•S
pam
sen
der
beha
vior
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astly
diff
eren
t fr
om le
gitim
ate
mai
lers
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oal:
send
qui
ckly
as
man
y m
essa
ges
as
poss
ible
to a
wid
e re
cipi
ent p
opul
atio
n (f
ew le
gitim
ate
send
ers
exhi
bit t
hose
ch
arac
teris
tics)
•S
endi
ng IP
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e pr
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inan
tly z
ombi
es
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herT
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ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Zom
bie
s: D
efin
itio
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bie
s: D
efin
itio
n
•Z
ombi
e: in
noce
nt m
achi
ne in
fect
with
a w
orm
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s th
at c
arrie
s (o
r do
wnl
oads
) a
‘bot
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gram
as
its p
aylo
ad, u
sed
as s
tagi
ng g
roun
d fo
r at
tack
s
•T
he ‘b
ot’s
oftw
are
repo
rts
to a
con
trol
ler
Inte
rnet
Rel
ay C
hat (
IRC
) ch
anne
l/web
site
and
dow
nloa
ds a
nd e
xecu
tes
inst
ruct
ions
from
it
•In
stru
ctio
ns:
–La
unch
DD
oSat
tack
–O
pen
SO
CK
S/S
MT
P r
elay
pro
xy
–H
arve
st p
assw
ords
/e-m
ail a
ddre
sses
from
infe
cted
sys
tem
–D
istr
ibut
ion
of v
iruse
s
•Po
pu
lar
bo
tso
ftw
are:
Mit
gle
ider
, rB
ot,
Ag
oB
ot
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ges
t b
otn
etd
etec
ted
to
dat
e: 3
50,0
00 z
om
bie
IPs
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herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Botn
ets
Botn
ets
(cont)
(cont)
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Zom
bie
s: L
oca
tion
Zom
bie
s: L
oca
tion
•A
vera
ge o
f 170
,000
nev
er b
efor
e se
en z
ombi
es e
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day
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nite
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pan
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erm
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outh
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tate
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om
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herT
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Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Top 1
0 N
etw
ork
s:Top 1
0 N
etw
ork
s:
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S 4
134:
C
hina
Net
Bac
kbon
e
2.A
S 4
766:
K
orea
Tel
ecom
3.A
S 3
320:
D
euts
che
Tel
ekom
4.A
S 4
837:
C
hina
169
Bac
kbon
e
5.A
S 3
215:
F
ranc
e T
elec
om
6.A
S 9
318:
H
anar
oT
elec
om (
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ea)
7.A
S 3
462:
C
hung
hwa
Tel
ecom
(T
aiw
an)
8.A
S 1
9262
: Ver
izon
Glo
bal N
etw
orks
9.A
S 7
738:
T
elec
omun
icac
oes
daB
ahia
(Bra
zil)
10.
AS
481
2:
Chi
na T
elec
om
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Top 5
Net
work
s in
US:
Top 5
Net
work
s in
US:
1.A
S 1
9262
: Ver
izon
Glo
bal N
etw
orks
2.A
S 3
356:
Le
vel 3
Com
mun
icat
ions
3.A
S 6
198:
B
ellS
outh
Net
wor
k S
olut
ions
4.A
S 7
132:
S
BC
Inte
rnet
Ser
vice
s
5.A
S 7
018:
A
T&
T W
orld
Net
Ser
vice
s
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Zom
bie
s: S
ourc
e of
Zom
bie
s: S
ourc
e of
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
g
•O
nce
a zo
mbi
e is
told
to r
un a
SO
CK
S/S
MT
P p
roxy
, it i
s re
sold
to s
pam
mer
/phi
sher
who
pro
ceed
s to
rel
ay e
-m
ails
dire
ctly
thro
ugh
it
•G
et c
ontr
ol o
f the
zom
bie
mac
hine
whi
le it
is r
elay
ing
the
e-m
ails
from
the
phis
her
and
you
have
a g
reat
cha
nce
of
catc
hing
them
!
•Vir
tual
ly a
ll p
his
hin
gis
sen
t th
rou
gh
zo
mb
ies
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
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st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
gCyc
leCyc
le
Bo
tnet
Bo
tnet
Co
mm
and
& C
on
tro
lC
om
man
d &
Co
ntr
ol
(Co
mp
rom
ised
Mac
hin
e)(C
om
pro
mis
ed M
ach
ine)
Zo
mb
ieZ
om
bie
Ph
ish
erP
his
her
Ph
ish
ing
Ph
ish
ing
Web
Ser
ver
Web
Ser
ver
(Co
mp
rom
ised
Mac
hin
e)(C
om
pro
mis
ed M
ach
ine)
Ph
ish
ing
Ph
ish
ing
Vic
tim
Vic
tim
Vic
tim
Vic
tim
’’ ssm
ail s
erve
rm
ail s
erve
r1
234
5
6
7
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
iphe
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st In
c. 2
005
Oper
atio
nal
sec
urity
Oper
atio
nal
sec
urity
Car
der
Ph
ish
ing
Web
site
(co
mp
rom
ised
ser
ver)
VP
N S
erve
r(r
ente
d)
$
$
Vic
tim
`
``
`
Zo
mb
ieP
roxi
esS
pam
Ser
ver
(ren
ted
or
com
pro
mis
ed)
Bo
tnet
C&
CC
C #
CC
dat
a
prox
y/po
rt lis
t
phis
hing
emai
lsph
ishi
ngem
ails
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
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st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPhis
hin
g:
Org
aniz
atio
nal
Str
uct
ure
: O
rgan
izat
ional
Str
uct
ure
Dro
ps
Dro
ps
(vic
tim
s o
r co
(vic
tim
s o
r co
-- co
nsp
irat
ors
)co
nsp
irat
ors
)
Dro
p
Dro
p
han
dle
rh
and
ler
Sp
amm
erS
pam
mer
Car
der
Car
der
Exp
loit
E
xplo
it
Wri
ter
/ W
rite
r /
Bo
tnet
Bo
tnet
Co
nto
ller
Co
nto
ller
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Maf
ia:
Org
aniz
atio
nal
Str
uct
ure
Maf
ia:
Org
aniz
atio
nal
Str
uct
ure
So
ldie
rsS
old
iers
Cap
oC
apo
Cap
oC
apo
Bo
ssB
oss
Cap
oC
apo
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
iphe
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st In
c. 2
005
Typ
es o
f Typ
es o
f Ph
ishin
gPh
ishin
g
1.W
ebsi
te P
his
hin
gV
ictim
con
ned
into
vis
iting
to fr
aud
web
site
2.T
roja
n P
his
hin
gT
roja
n st
eals
dat
a di
rect
ly o
ff vi
ctim
’s m
achi
ne o
r m
odifi
es
OS
/bro
wse
r se
tting
s to
unw
ittin
gly
redi
rect
them
to fr
aud
web
site
3.P
ho
ne
Ph
ish
ing
Tra
ditio
nal p
hone
sca
mm
ing
(now
with
a V
oIP
twis
t)
4.E
-co
mm
erce
Sto
re P
his
hin
gF
ake
onlin
e st
ore
is s
etup
to h
arve
st c
redi
t car
ds
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
g:
What
is
invo
lved
?:
What
is
invo
lved
?
1.W
ebsi
te P
his
hin
g–
Sca
m e
-mai
l writ
er (
Eng
lish-
com
pete
nce
requ
ired)
–F
raud
web
site
dev
elop
er
–B
ulk
dom
ain
regi
stra
nt fo
r fr
aud
site
–W
eb h
ostin
g pr
ovid
er fo
r fr
aud
site
–P
rofe
ssio
nal s
pam
mer
•Typ
ical
ph
ish
ing
resp
on
se:
15-2
0 le
git
imat
e re
plie
s o
n 1
mill
ion
sen
t e-
mai
ls
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
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st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
g:
What
is
invo
lved
?:
What
is
invo
lved
?
2.T
roja
n P
his
hin
g–
Tro
jan
deve
lope
r
–W
eb h
ostin
g pr
ovid
er fo
r fr
aud
site
3.P
ho
ne
Ph
ish
ing
–E
nglis
h sp
eake
r
–E
quip
men
t•
IVR
(In
tera
ctiv
e V
oice
Res
pons
e) S
yste
m•
Pho
ne d
ialin
g sy
stem
(ex
. Big
Info
rm)
•A
nalo
g P
hone
Gat
eway
(ex
. Cis
co V
G22
4)
•Pro
lifer
atio
n o
f V
oIP
tech
no
log
y lik
ely
to s
oo
n r
esu
lt in
incr
ease
in P
ho
ne
Ph
ish
ing
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
Cop
yrig
ht C
iphe
rTru
st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
g:
What
is
invo
lved
?:
What
is
invo
lved
?
4.E
-Co
mm
erce
Sto
re P
his
hin
g–
Web
site
dev
elop
er
–W
eb h
ostin
g pr
ovid
er
•T
ypic
ally
eac
h of
thes
e se
rvic
es
purc
hase
d fr
om m
ultip
le v
erifi
ed ‘v
endo
rs’
adve
rtis
ed o
n C
arde
r F
orum
s
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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ht C
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st In
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005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
gZom
bie
Anal
ysis
Zom
bie
Anal
ysis
Sen
din
g IP
: 15
1.41
.157
.148
(ad
slS
end
ing
IP:
151.
41.1
57.1
48 (
adsl
-- ull
ull
-- 148148 --
157.
4115
7.41
-- 151
.net
24.it
151.
net
24.it
)
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
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st In
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005
Tim
e is
of th
e es
sence
Tim
e is
of th
e es
sence
•15
1.41
.157
.148
glob
al s
endi
ng h
isto
ry:
2005
-05-
06 1
0:23
:51
ES
T20
05-0
5-06
10:
23:5
1 E
ST
2005
-05-
06 1
0:35
:58
ES
T...
......
......
......
......
......
2005
-05-
06 1
4:29
:35
ES
T20
05-0
5-06
14:
29:4
5 E
ST
2005
-05-
06 1
4:31
:22
ES
T
•H
it ~
8% o
f lar
ge U
.S. e
nter
pris
es•
Has
n’t b
een
hear
d fr
om s
ince
4 h
ou
r ac
tivi
ty w
ind
ow
•Ave
rag
e u
pti
me
for
a p
his
hin
gzo
mb
ie:
8 h
ou
rs
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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ht C
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st In
c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
gZom
bie
sZom
bie
s
•R
easo
ns:
–P
hish
ers
and
Spa
mm
ers
use
e-m
ail ‘
hit’
lists
, ad
dres
ses
of a
ll th
e pe
ople
they
sen
d a
part
icul
ar e
-m
ail c
ampa
ign
to
–P
hish
ing
lists
are
typi
cally
sm
alle
r an
d m
ore
targ
eted
in
nat
ure
–T
he h
it lis
t is
usua
lly s
orte
d an
d di
vide
d be
twee
n al
l th
e zo
mbi
es th
at a
re u
sed
in a
cam
paig
n to
opt
imiz
e fo
r sp
eed
and
min
imiz
e ch
ance
s of
spa
mtr
apde
tect
ion
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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ht C
iphe
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c. 2
005
Phis
hin
gPh
ishin
g:
Dis
trib
ution P
atte
rns
: D
istr
ibution P
atte
rns
E-m
ail h
it li
st
@ho
tmai
l.com
addr
esse
s@
aol.c
omad
dres
ses
@ve
rizon
.net
addr
esse
s@
...ad
dres
ses
@ci
pher
trus
t.com
addr
esse
s
Zo
mb
ie L
ist
(IP
s&
Po
rt n
um
ber
s)
Zo
mb
ie g
oes
sile
nt
on
ce it
is d
on
e w
ith
its
po
rtio
n o
f th
e lis
t:o
ften
do
es n
ot
com
e b
ack
for
mo
nth
s
Cip
herT
rust
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ines
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005
Sen
der
Auth
entica
tion
Sen
der
Auth
entica
tion
•3
Indu
stry
Evo
lvin
g S
tand
ards
:–
Sen
der
Pol
icy
Fra
mew
ork
(SP
F)
–S
ende
rID
–D
omai
nKey
sId
entif
ied
Mai
l (D
KIM
)
•G
oal:
Ver
ify th
at th
e se
ndin
g IP
is
perm
itted
to s
end
mai
l on
beha
lf of
the
dom
ain
it cl
aim
s to
com
e fr
om
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
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ieta
ry -
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ht C
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005
Sen
der
Auth
entica
tion S
tandard
sSen
der
Auth
entica
tion S
tandard
s
•S
PF
: Aut
hent
icat
es IP
bas
ed o
n co
nnec
tion-
leve
l dat
a (R
FC
821
MA
IL F
RO
M)
•S
ende
rID
: Aut
hent
icat
es IP
bas
ed o
n m
essa
ge
head
er d
ata
(RF
C 8
22 P
urpo
rted
Res
pons
ible
A
ddre
ss)
•D
KIM
: Cry
ptog
raph
ical
ly a
uthe
ntic
ates
mes
sage
ba
sed
on m
essa
ge h
eade
r da
ta (
RF
C 8
22
Fro
m)
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
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ieta
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ht C
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005
Anti
Anti
-- Spam
Applic
atio
nSpam
Applic
atio
n
•M
essa
ge A
uthe
ntic
ity !=
Mes
sage
Rep
utat
ion
•S
pam
mer
sha
ve le
arne
d to
reg
iste
r S
PF
/Dom
ainK
eys
DN
S r
ecor
ds
–20
% o
f spa
mw
ith S
PF
rec
ords
pas
ses
Sen
derI
D
–6%
of s
pam
with
SP
F r
ecor
ds fa
ils S
ende
rID
•N
eed
for
repu
tatio
n sy
stem
s to
mak
e in
to a
n ef
fect
ive
anti-
spam
tool
Cip
herT
rust
Bus
ines
s P
ropr
ieta
ry -
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yrig
ht C
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st In
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005
•Tha
nk y
ou.
•Que
stio
ns?
Dm
itri A
lper
ovitc
hP
rinci
pal R
esea
rch
Eng
inee
rdm
itri@
ciph
ertr
ust.c
om(6
78)
904-
9235