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Mapping the E-mail Universe Dmitri Alperovitch Principal Research Engineer

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Page 1: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 2: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 3: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 4: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 5: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 6: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 7: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 8: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 9: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 10: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 11: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 12: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 13: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 14: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 15: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Page 16: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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Botn

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Page 18: Mapping the E-mail Universe · One of the Fastest Growing Tech Company CipherTrust Proprietary & Confidential •Best-of-breed yet •Best-of-breed yet Integrated – inbound Integrated

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s:Top 1

0 N

etw

ork

s:

1.A

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kbon

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2.A

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orea

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ecom

3.A

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320:

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euts

che

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ekom

4.A

S 4

837:

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hina

169

Bac

kbon

e

5.A

S 3

215:

F

ranc

e T

elec

om

6.A

S 9

318:

H

anar

oT

elec

om (

Kor

ea)

7.A

S 3

462:

C

hung

hwa

Tel

ecom

(T

aiw

an)

8.A

S 1

9262

: Ver

izon

Glo

bal N

etw

orks

9.A

S 7

738:

T

elec

omun

icac

oes

daB

ahia

(Bra

zil)

10.

AS

481

2:

Chi

na T

elec

om

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Top 5

Net

work

s in

US:

Top 5

Net

work

s in

US:

1.A

S 1

9262

: Ver

izon

Glo

bal N

etw

orks

2.A

S 3

356:

Le

vel 3

Com

mun

icat

ions

3.A

S 6

198:

B

ellS

outh

Net

wor

k S

olut

ions

4.A

S 7

132:

S

BC

Inte

rnet

Ser

vice

s

5.A

S 7

018:

A

T&

T W

orld

Net

Ser

vice

s

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Zom

bie

s: S

ourc

e of

Zom

bie

s: S

ourc

e of

Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

g

•O

nce

a zo

mbi

e is

told

to r

un a

SO

CK

S/S

MT

P p

roxy

, it i

s re

sold

to s

pam

mer

/phi

sher

who

pro

ceed

s to

rel

ay e

-m

ails

dire

ctly

thro

ugh

it

•G

et c

ontr

ol o

f the

zom

bie

mac

hine

whi

le it

is r

elay

ing

the

e-m

ails

from

the

phis

her

and

you

have

a g

reat

cha

nce

of

catc

hing

them

!

•Vir

tual

ly a

ll p

his

hin

gis

sen

t th

rou

gh

zo

mb

ies

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

gCyc

leCyc

le

Bo

tnet

Bo

tnet

Co

mm

and

& C

on

tro

lC

om

man

d &

Co

ntr

ol

(Co

mp

rom

ised

Mac

hin

e)(C

om

pro

mis

ed M

ach

ine)

Zo

mb

ieZ

om

bie

Ph

ish

erP

his

her

Ph

ish

ing

Ph

ish

ing

Web

Ser

ver

Web

Ser

ver

(Co

mp

rom

ised

Mac

hin

e)(C

om

pro

mis

ed M

ach

ine)

Ph

ish

ing

Ph

ish

ing

Vic

tim

Vic

tim

Vic

tim

Vic

tim

’’ ssm

ail s

erve

rm

ail s

erve

r1

234

5

6

7

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005

Oper

atio

nal

sec

urity

Oper

atio

nal

sec

urity

Car

der

Ph

ish

ing

Web

site

(co

mp

rom

ised

ser

ver)

VP

N S

erve

r(r

ente

d)

$

$

Vic

tim

`

``

`

Zo

mb

ieP

roxi

esS

pam

Ser

ver

(ren

ted

or

com

pro

mis

ed)

Bo

tnet

C&

CC

C #

CC

dat

a

prox

y/po

rt lis

t

phis

hing

emai

lsph

ishi

ngem

ails

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Phis

hin

gPhis

hin

g:

Org

aniz

atio

nal

Str

uct

ure

: O

rgan

izat

ional

Str

uct

ure

Dro

ps

Dro

ps

(vic

tim

s o

r co

(vic

tim

s o

r co

-- co

nsp

irat

ors

)co

nsp

irat

ors

)

Dro

p

Dro

p

han

dle

rh

and

ler

Sp

amm

erS

pam

mer

Car

der

Car

der

Exp

loit

E

xplo

it

Wri

ter

/ W

rite

r /

Bo

tnet

Bo

tnet

Co

nto

ller

Co

nto

ller

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Maf

ia:

Org

aniz

atio

nal

Str

uct

ure

Maf

ia:

Org

aniz

atio

nal

Str

uct

ure

So

ldie

rsS

old

iers

Cap

oC

apo

Cap

oC

apo

Bo

ssB

oss

Cap

oC

apo

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005

Typ

es o

f Typ

es o

f Ph

ishin

gPh

ishin

g

1.W

ebsi

te P

his

hin

gV

ictim

con

ned

into

vis

iting

to fr

aud

web

site

2.T

roja

n P

his

hin

gT

roja

n st

eals

dat

a di

rect

ly o

ff vi

ctim

’s m

achi

ne o

r m

odifi

es

OS

/bro

wse

r se

tting

s to

unw

ittin

gly

redi

rect

them

to fr

aud

web

site

3.P

ho

ne

Ph

ish

ing

Tra

ditio

nal p

hone

sca

mm

ing

(now

with

a V

oIP

twis

t)

4.E

-co

mm

erce

Sto

re P

his

hin

gF

ake

onlin

e st

ore

is s

etup

to h

arve

st c

redi

t car

ds

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

g:

What

is

invo

lved

?:

What

is

invo

lved

?

1.W

ebsi

te P

his

hin

g–

Sca

m e

-mai

l writ

er (

Eng

lish-

com

pete

nce

requ

ired)

–F

raud

web

site

dev

elop

er

–B

ulk

dom

ain

regi

stra

nt fo

r fr

aud

site

–W

eb h

ostin

g pr

ovid

er fo

r fr

aud

site

–P

rofe

ssio

nal s

pam

mer

•Typ

ical

ph

ish

ing

resp

on

se:

15-2

0 le

git

imat

e re

plie

s o

n 1

mill

ion

sen

t e-

mai

ls

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c. 2

005

Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

g:

What

is

invo

lved

?:

What

is

invo

lved

?

2.T

roja

n P

his

hin

g–

Tro

jan

deve

lope

r

–W

eb h

ostin

g pr

ovid

er fo

r fr

aud

site

3.P

ho

ne

Ph

ish

ing

–E

nglis

h sp

eake

r

–E

quip

men

t•

IVR

(In

tera

ctiv

e V

oice

Res

pons

e) S

yste

m•

Pho

ne d

ialin

g sy

stem

(ex

. Big

Info

rm)

•A

nalo

g P

hone

Gat

eway

(ex

. Cis

co V

G22

4)

•Pro

lifer

atio

n o

f V

oIP

tech

no

log

y lik

ely

to s

oo

n r

esu

lt in

incr

ease

in P

ho

ne

Ph

ish

ing

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c. 2

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

g:

What

is

invo

lved

?:

What

is

invo

lved

?

4.E

-Co

mm

erce

Sto

re P

his

hin

g–

Web

site

dev

elop

er

–W

eb h

ostin

g pr

ovid

er

•T

ypic

ally

eac

h of

thes

e se

rvic

es

purc

hase

d fr

om m

ultip

le v

erifi

ed ‘v

endo

rs’

adve

rtis

ed o

n C

arde

r F

orum

s

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

gZom

bie

Anal

ysis

Zom

bie

Anal

ysis

Sen

din

g IP

: 15

1.41

.157

.148

(ad

slS

end

ing

IP:

151.

41.1

57.1

48 (

adsl

-- ull

ull

-- 148148 --

157.

4115

7.41

-- 151

.net

24.it

151.

net

24.it

)

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Tim

e is

of th

e es

sence

Tim

e is

of th

e es

sence

•15

1.41

.157

.148

glob

al s

endi

ng h

isto

ry:

2005

-05-

06 1

0:23

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ES

T20

05-0

5-06

10:

23:5

1 E

ST

2005

-05-

06 1

0:35

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ES

T...

......

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......

......

2005

-05-

06 1

4:29

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ES

T20

05-0

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14:

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ST

2005

-05-

06 1

4:31

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ES

T

•H

it ~

8% o

f lar

ge U

.S. e

nter

pris

es•

Has

n’t b

een

hear

d fr

om s

ince

4 h

ou

r ac

tivi

ty w

ind

ow

•Ave

rag

e u

pti

me

for

a p

his

hin

gzo

mb

ie:

8 h

ou

rs

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

gZom

bie

sZom

bie

s

•R

easo

ns:

–P

hish

ers

and

Spa

mm

ers

use

e-m

ail ‘

hit’

lists

, ad

dres

ses

of a

ll th

e pe

ople

they

sen

d a

part

icul

ar e

-m

ail c

ampa

ign

to

–P

hish

ing

lists

are

typi

cally

sm

alle

r an

d m

ore

targ

eted

in

nat

ure

–T

he h

it lis

t is

usua

lly s

orte

d an

d di

vide

d be

twee

n al

l th

e zo

mbi

es th

at a

re u

sed

in a

cam

paig

n to

opt

imiz

e fo

r sp

eed

and

min

imiz

e ch

ance

s of

spa

mtr

apde

tect

ion

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Phis

hin

gPh

ishin

g:

Dis

trib

ution P

atte

rns

: D

istr

ibution P

atte

rns

E-m

ail h

it li

st

@ho

tmai

l.com

addr

esse

s@

aol.c

omad

dres

ses

@ve

rizon

.net

addr

esse

s@

...ad

dres

ses

@ci

pher

trus

t.com

addr

esse

s

Zo

mb

ie L

ist

(IP

s&

Po

rt n

um

ber

s)

Zo

mb

ie g

oes

sile

nt

on

ce it

is d

on

e w

ith

its

po

rtio

n o

f th

e lis

t:o

ften

do

es n

ot

com

e b

ack

for

mo

nth

s

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Sen

der

Auth

entica

tion

Sen

der

Auth

entica

tion

•3

Indu

stry

Evo

lvin

g S

tand

ards

:–

Sen

der

Pol

icy

Fra

mew

ork

(SP

F)

–S

ende

rID

–D

omai

nKey

sId

entif

ied

Mai

l (D

KIM

)

•G

oal:

Ver

ify th

at th

e se

ndin

g IP

is

perm

itted

to s

end

mai

l on

beha

lf of

the

dom

ain

it cl

aim

s to

com

e fr

om

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Sen

der

Auth

entica

tion S

tandard

sSen

der

Auth

entica

tion S

tandard

s

•S

PF

: Aut

hent

icat

es IP

bas

ed o

n co

nnec

tion-

leve

l dat

a (R

FC

821

MA

IL F

RO

M)

•S

ende

rID

: Aut

hent

icat

es IP

bas

ed o

n m

essa

ge

head

er d

ata

(RF

C 8

22 P

urpo

rted

Res

pons

ible

A

ddre

ss)

•D

KIM

: Cry

ptog

raph

ical

ly a

uthe

ntic

ates

mes

sage

ba

sed

on m

essa

ge h

eade

r da

ta (

RF

C 8

22

Fro

m)

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005

Anti

Anti

-- Spam

Applic

atio

nSpam

Applic

atio

n

•M

essa

ge A

uthe

ntic

ity !=

Mes

sage

Rep

utat

ion

•S

pam

mer

sha

ve le

arne

d to

reg

iste

r S

PF

/Dom

ainK

eys

DN

S r

ecor

ds

–20

% o

f spa

mw

ith S

PF

rec

ords

pas

ses

Sen

derI

D

–6%

of s

pam

with

SP

F r

ecor

ds fa

ils S

ende

rID

•N

eed

for

repu

tatio

n sy

stem

s to

mak

e in

to a

n ef

fect

ive

anti-

spam

tool

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•Tha

nk y

ou.

•Que

stio

ns?

Dm

itri A

lper

ovitc

hP

rinci

pal R

esea

rch

Eng

inee

rdm

itri@

ciph

ertr

ust.c

om(6

78)

904-

9235