mapping & auditing multiple uses of water services in krishna
TRANSCRIPT
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Mapping & Auditing Multiple Uses of Water Services in Krishna Western Delta, AP, India using
MASSMUS Methodology
Dr K Yella Reddy, FIEDirector (A&R)
Water and Land Management Training & Research InstituteGovernment of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India
World >>> India>>>Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh 27.4 m ha geographical area90 million population70% depends on agriculture1300 cu m per capita
availability3 million pump sets
MATHADIVAGU PROJECT
PEDDAVAGU (NEELWAI) PROJECT
GOLLAVAGU PROJECT
RALIVAGU PROJECT
POLAVARAM PROJECT
MUSURUMILLI RESERVOIR SCHEME
PUSHKARAM LI SCHEMETADIPUDI LI SCHEME
ALISAGAR LISGUTHAPA LIS
RNAGARJUNASAGAR
PRAKASAMBARRAGE
SACB
ORISSA
CHATTISGRAH
MAHARASTRA
SRSP
NIZAM SAGAR
DUMMUGUDEM HE PROJECT
GLIS
YELLAMPALLY LIS
PULICHINTALA PROJECT
JURALA PROJECT
BHIMA LIS
THOTAPALLI BARRAGE
PEDDAGEDDARESERVOIR
TARAKARAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM
JANJAVATHI RESERVOIR
VAMSHADHARA PROJECTINCHAMPALLI PROJECT
SINGAREDDYPALLI HEP
A N D H R A P R A D E S H
GUNDLAKAMMA RESERVOIR SCHEME
RIVERSRISAILAM
BARRAGE
TAMIL NADU
POLAVARAM PROJECT
PUSHKARAM LI SCHEME
TADIPUDI LI SCHEME
GUNDLAKAMMA RESERVOIR SCHEME
VAMSHDHARA PROJECT
HANDRI NIVA SUJALA SRAVANTHI
GALERU NAGARI SUJALA SRAVANTHI
KALWAKURTHY LIS
NETTEMPADU LIS
THOTAPALLI RESERVOIR SCHEME
BHIMA LIS
PULICHINTALA
ALISAGAR LI SCHEME
GUTHPA LI SCHEME
VELIGONDA PROJECT
MUSURIMILLI RESERVOIR SCHEME
MAJOR PROJECTSMEDIUM PROJECT
PEDDAVAGU (NEELWAI) PROJECTMATTADIVAGU PROJECTGOLLAVAGU PROJECTRALIVAGU PROJECTPEDDAGEDDA RESERVOIR SCHEMEKOMARAM BHEEM PROJECTJHANJAVATHI PROJECTTARAKA RAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM
VELIGONDA PROJECT
KLIS
HNSSKC CANAL
SOMASILA PROJECT
PULIVENDULA Br Canal
PENDING PROJECTSIN KRISHNA, GODAVARI AND OTHER BASINSKrishna
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Accounting for rainfall Water Budget – Drainage In
Drainage input
• Nallamada drain is the more important for external inputs from the NSP CA.
• One point of measurement inside the KWD CACA.
• Discharge at this point was 1542 MCM 54 TMC [June 2008 May 2009]
• Conservative figure for external input taken as 1000 MCM 35 TMC
DrainageDischarge flow at Nallamada drainage
500
600
700
800
900
m3/
s
Annual = 1542 MCM 54 TMC
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
disc
harg
e
June 2008May 2009
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Water inputs
Gross command area : 272000 ha.Utilisable Rainfall : 800 mm
(out of 1070 mm average last 10 years)
i. Rainfall of 2176 MCM – 77 TMCi. Rainfall of 2176 MCM 77 TMCii. Irrigation actual 3400 MCM – 120 TMCiii. Drainage from upstream1000 MCM – 35TMC
Total 6576 MCM –232 TMC
Share of water use for different services in Krishna
Western Delta
Service Water use (MCM)
Water use (TMC)
Irrigation 1565.1 55.5Domestic water 76.2 2.7Fisheries 7.6 0.3Homestead garden 58.5 2.0Perennial vegetation 37.5 1.3Animals 47.8 1.7Environmental flows 115 4.1Total(Surface + Ground)
1914 67.6
Perennial natural vegetation , 37.5, 2%Homestead garden , 58.5,
3%Domestic water, 76.2, 4%
Animals , 47.8, 3%Fishery in large water
bodies , 7.6, 0%Environmental flows,
115.0, 6%
Fields (crops) , 1565.182%
WATER BALANCE in KWD, MCM, (%)
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Net water uses
Total Water Uses = 1914 MCM 67.6 TMC (irrigation, animals, domestic, perennial vegetation, environmental flow)
Water not used 4662 MCM 165 TMC
Calculated ground water recharge
• Drop of water table month after canal closure = 58 mm per day
• Clay-loam to Sandy-clay-loam : porosity 8%• Daily recharge = 58x0.08 = 4.6 mm day• Duration of recharge during Kharif paddy: 100 days.• Total cropped area: 220.000 ha • Volume = 4.6x100x220.000hax10 = 1012 MCM
35.7 TMC
Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge 1012 MCM 35.7 TMCpartition between: • containing salinity on the coastal strip 115
MCM 4 TMCMCM 4 TMC• beneficial for domestic use 10 %• NON BENEFICIAL (water logging & real
losses) = 796 MCM 28.1 TMC
Environmental flows, 25.00, 3%
Fishery in large water bodies , 103.54, 13%
Share of Values, Benefits in $US Million
Animals , 147.32, 18% Fields (crops) ,
512.23, 62%
Domestic water, 20.69, 3%
Homestead garden , 6.13, 1%
Perennial natural vegetation , 0.25,
0%
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2 5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
US
in M
gt
Single Use Systems
Multi-purpose Systems KWD
Integration of MUS approach in Management
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Number of Services
Inte
grat
ion
of M
U
60%
80%
100%
Valu
e/B
enef
its
Crops Anim als
Dom es tic & Indus try (incl touris m ) Fis h
Hom es tead garden & natural vegetation Drainage, Flood control, trans port, environm ent
Power KWD
0%
20%
40%
Kim D
ong B
HH Viet
nam
Luon
g tai B
HH Viet
nam
Shaha
pur Karn
ataka
India
KWD A
P India
KOISP S
ri Lan
ka
Uda W
alawe S
ri Lan
ka
CACG Fran
ce
Zanghe
china
Fenhe S
hanxi
China
SCP Franc
e
Canal S
t Juli
en Fran
ce
Shar
e of
V
LAND & WATER PRODUCTIVITY
• Land Productivity has increased from 988$/ha in 2005 to 2300$/ha (Price 7.3 to 12.7 IRs kg + 73% and introduction of Maize)
• With approx the same input 2180 MCM in 2005• With approx the same input 2180 MCM in 2005 and 1956 MCM in 2009, water productivity has increased from 0.0914 $/m3 to 0.26 $/m3 in 2009.
COSTS INVOLVED TO PRODUCE SERVICES IN KWD
Budget Lakhs IRs
Special repairs, 79.27, 13%
Flood control , 7.78, 1%
staff, 230.92, 37%
O&M, 300, 49%
Budget = 280 Rs/year/ha 6.24 $/year/haTax collected = 110 Rs/year/haModernization works = 1366 Rs/year/ha
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WATER SAVING RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Results of crop water management experiments in rice
Increase in yield : 8 – 28%
Reduction in water use: 33 – 60%
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Increase in water productivity: 61 – 167%
Irrigation Performance AssessmentKrishna Western Delta
• Water allocation should take into account crop water demand and average effective rainfall, based on 20-year average meteorological data.
• On an average, the following water savings can be achieved in Krishna Western Delta:Krishna Western Delta:
• Krishna Western Bank canal command: 40%• Nizampatnam canal command: 33%• Kommamur canal command: 55%• High Level canal command: 16%• Appapuram Main canal command: 22%
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Irrigation Efficiency on Monthly Basis in KWD
300,000,000
350,000,000
400,000,000
450,000,000
500,000,000
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Releases 2005 Average demand
Reclamation of Saline & Water Logged Lands
Pilot area after SSD installation
Water measurement structures
The existing structures have been designed to regulate the canal water and work properly.These structures are however completely unsuitable to quantify the amount of canal water released in major irrigation canals
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The VisionSystem : Sustainable intensive agriculture with
service oriented approach with a broadvision to derive assured water for Rabineeds
Basin : Water transfer from KWD water savingsto water deficit commands underproper state arrangements and withcompensation
With Holistic Cost effective Structural
and Management Modernization
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Focused study with recheck on the data collection andanalysis for further revalidation.
2. Modernization of hardware and management forsustainability of irrigated agriculture.
3. Effective management is the need of the hour for assuredwater supply for rabi needs to achieve 200% IrrigationIntensity.
4. Studies relating to equity in different parts of KWD tomonitor supply to tail ends
5. To establish relationships with other agencies to explorepotential development of schemes for waste water reuse.