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AP Human Geography - Damon Name____________________ Unit 1 - Intro to Human Geography Hour______ Map and Globe Skills Review Note: All links in this packet are found on our Wikispace under “Map and Globe Skills Review” First, read deBlij Textbook Appendix A pp. A1 to A9: Maps (back of your deBlij textbook) 1. Why is the map the geographer’s greatest ally? it is an effective communication and problem-solving tool, worth a million words 2. What does the map scale tell the map reader? a ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the length given to that distance on a map 3. Which type of map shows more detail, a small-scale map or a large-scale map? large-scale 4. What is a map projection? a representation of the spherical Earth on a flat surface 5. What function did and does the Mercator projection serve? navigation at sea 6. Answer these questions regarding map projections:

A. Which regions are least distorted on a cylindrical projection? mid-latitude regions (regions north and south of Equator)

B. Which regions are least distorted on a conic projection? regions along lines of longitude

C. Which regions are least distorted on a planar projection?

polar regions

The human head as a Mercator projection!

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11. Why would a cartographer choose to use a particular map projection over another? to create the most accurate map with the least distortion for their particular purpose

12. What are the three major categories of map symbols typically used to represent?

Map Symbol Typically Used to Represent Point

houses, cities

Line

roads, railroads, boundaries, rivers

Area

languages, religions, climates, soils, counties, states, countries

13. What is a contour map and where do you typically see them used? (Hint: see top of p. A-9) maps that use contour lines to show elevation, topographic maps (hiking, canoeing, etc.) Now, you can leave the textbook and go to the Internet. View this video, “Map Projections”, to gain a better perspective on what map projections are: http://tinyurl.com/odgcoog Parts of a Map Go to: http://tinyurl.com/8yr9v2c Use the article to answer the questions below. You will need to hunt a bit. 1. A “good” map includes seven TODALSS elements. What do T, O, and L stand for? T = Title O = Orientation (compass rose) D = Date (date that the map was made) A = Author (name of the map’s cartographer) L= Legend (key) S= Scale (distance on the map as compared to distance on Earth) S = Source (where the data that the map is based on is from) Memorize TODALSS! You will use it with every map you make!

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Continents and Oceans (Use an atlas if needed) Label the 7 continents and 5 oceans on the map below. Draw a SOLID LINE to separate the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Draw a DOTTED LINE to separate the Western and Eastern hemispheres.

Cardinal and Intermediate Directions Label the blank compass with N, S, E, W (cardinal directions), then add NW, SW, NE, SE (intermediate directions). Clockwise from N: NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW

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Latitude and Longitude Go to: http://tinyurl.com/yjx43kz Scroll down the page until you see the black box below. Use the tutorial to answer the questions below. You’ll need to click the green arrow in the lower right hand corner (requires FLASH).

1. A hemisphere is: a half of the globe 2. The Equator is: an imaginary line dividing the Northern and Southern hemispheres 3. Meridians are: imaginary lines that run through both poles 4. The Prime Meridian is: imaginary line dividing the Western and Eastern hemispheres 5. A line of latitude (also called a parallel) is: imaginary lines running East-West on the globe and used to measure distance (angle) from the Equator 6. A line of longitude (also called a meridian) is: imaginary lines running North-South on the globe and used to measure distance (angle) from the Prime Meridian 7. How many total degrees of longitude are there? 360 8. How many degrees of latitude are there between the Equator and the North Pole? 90

The Equator and the South Pole? 90

Prime Meridian Go to: hhttps://tinyurl.com/y7a2taxl Use the article to help you answer the questions below. 1. When and how was the Greenwich Meridian selected as the official Prime Meridian? 1884 International Meridian Conference 2. What is the International Date Line? line opposite of the Prime Meridian at 180 degrees

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3. Identify the latitude and longitude of each location on the map:

Location Latitude (Indicate degrees and N or S) Longitude (Indicate degrees and E or W) A 20°S 100°E B 80°N 0° C 0° 140°W D 60°S 40°W E 40°N 60°E F 20°S 20°E G 40°N 100°W H 20°N 40°E I 50°N 130°E J 10°S 40°W

Time Zones Go to: http://tinyurl.com/de2ezc Under “Toys” on the left side of the window, click on world sunlight. Underneath the earth image, click on the various map projections to explore how they change the image (Mercator, Peters, Mollweide, equirectangular, etc.) 1. How does the World Sunlight Map help us understand the need for time zones? because it is not light or dark everywhere on Earth at the same time Go to: http://tinyurl.com/7bt8mod Use the article to help you answer the questions below. 1. How did the development of the railroad spur the adoption of time zones? efficient railroad transportation required time standardization

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2. Time zone facts:

a. Total # of world time zones: 24

b. Distance apart: 15 degrees of longitude

c. When world time zones were officially established and where: 1884 International Prime Meridian Conference, Washington, D.C.

d. # of time zones in China and # of time zones China would have if it conformed: 1, 5

e. Meaning of acronym UTC: Coordinated Universal Time

f. # of time zones in contiguous U.S.: 4

g. # of time zones in U.S., including AK, HI and overseas territories: 9

Go to: https://tinyurl.com/p6ep6ys Use the World Time Zone map to help you answer the questions below: 1. If it is noon in Los Angeles, CA, USA, what time is it in London, England? 8 PM 2. If it is noon in Tokyo, Japan, what time is it in Cape Town, South Africa? 5 AM 3. If it is noon in Paris, France, what time is it in Lagos, Nigeria? 11 AM 4. If it is noon in Sydney, Australia, what time is it in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? 11 PM (the previous day) Label the contiguous U.S. time zones with their names (write on the dark lines on the map). From left: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern