This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

Māori food and cultural profile dietetic consultation guide

NORTHLAND

BAY OFPLENTY

New ZealandTARANAKI

MANAWATUWANGANUI

WAIKATO

TASMAN

CANTERBURY

MARLBOROUGH

OTAGO

WESTCOAST

SOUTHLAND

WELLINGTON

CHRISTCHURCH

Hawkersquos Bay

Gisborne

AUCKLAND

Nelson

This resource is a guide for dietitiannutritionists to provide culturally appropriate and effective services to Māori community members It follows the ADIME format and provides information about the food and food practices of Māori from New Zealand who have settled in Brisbane (Australia)

The profile follows the chronological steps in individual case management

These include 1 Booking a client appointment2 Preparation for the consultation3 Assessment4 Diagnosis5 Intervention6 Monitoring and evaluation

Food service cultural considerationsIn Māori culture what is considered sacred special or restricted is known as tapu Things that are seen as normal ordinary or safe are known as noa Keeping tapu items separate from noa items is very important1 The following need to be considered in the hospital food service context

bull Because a personrsquos head is a tapu part of the body and food is noa you should never pass food (such as a meal tray) over a Māori personrsquos head because that action can strip them of all personal tapu1

bull Anything to do with death is also tapu In the case of a hospital patientrsquos death relatives are likely to wish to spend time in the room with their loved one The presence of the dead body makes the room tapu and therefore food and drinks cannot be brought into the room1

1ensp Bookingenspaenspclientenspappointment

Keyenspconsiderationsbullensp enspTheenspuseenspofenspinterpretersenspmayenspnotenspbeensprequiredenspbecauseenspMāorienspareenspgenerallyenspproficientenspinenspEnglishenspbullensp enspFamilyensptiesenspareenspstrongenspandenspclientsenspoftenensphaveensplargeenspextendedenspfamiliesenspConsiderenspaskingensptheenspclientensptoenspbringenspaenspcloseenspfamilyenspmemberenspalongensptoensp

theenspsessionenspforenspguidanceenspandenspsupportenspbullensp enspProvideenspaenspgentleenspreminderensptoensptheenspclientensptwoensporenspmoreenspdaysensppriorensptoensptheenspappointment

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

2 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

2ensp PreparationenspforensptheenspconsultationWorkingenspwithenspanenspinterpreterAlthoughenspitenspisenspuncommonenspforenspsomeoneenspofenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundensplivingenspinenspAustraliaensptoensprequireenspanenspinterpreterenspifensponeenspisensprequiredenspitenspisenspimportantenspthatenspaensptrainedenspandenspregisteredenspinterpreterenspbeenspusedenspTheenspuseenspofenspchildrenenspotherenspfamilyenspmembersensporenspfriendsenspisenspnotenspadvisableenspHealthenspservicesenspmustenspconsiderensptheensppotentialensplegalenspconsequencesenspofenspadverseenspoutcomesenspwhenenspusingenspunaccreditedensppeopleensptoensplsquointerpretrsquoenspifenspanenspaccreditedenspinterpreterenspisenspavailable

IfenspyouensphaveensplimitedenspexperienceenspworkingenspwithenspanenspinterpreterenspitenspisensprecommendedenspthatenspyouenspimproveensptheseenspskillsensppriorensptoensptheenspappointmentenspThereenspareenspmanyensponlineensporientationenspcoursesenspavailableenspandenspQueenslandenspHealthensphasenspproducedenspguidelinesenspforenspworkingenspwithenspinterpretersenspenspwhichenspcanenspbeenspaccessed here

Traditionalenspgreetingsenspandenspetiquette

English Māori Pronunciation

Helloensp(literallyensplsquobeenspwellhealthyrsquo)

Tēnā koeensp(formalenspgreetingensptoensponeenspperson) Teh-nah-kway

Tēnā kōrua (formalenspgreetingensptoensptwoensppeople) Teh-nah-kor-oo-ah

Tēnā koutouensp(formalenspgreetingensptoenspmanyensppeople) Teh-nah-ko-toe

enspFollowensphyperlinksensptoensphearensppronunciation

LanguageenspandensppronunciationenspareenspoftenenspveryenspimportantensptoensppeopleenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundensp

LearningensphowensptoensppronounceenspMāorienspnamesenspcorrectlyenspisenspaenspwayensptoenspshowensprespectenspBecauseenspmispronouncingenspMāorienspwordsensporenspnamesenspcanenspbeenspjarringensptoensptheenspclientenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspaskensptheensppersonensptoenspteachenspyouensptoensppronounceenspwords1enspMāorienspgenerallyenspwishensptoensplearnensptheenspnamesenspandensprolesenspofenspthoseenspinvolvedenspinensptheirenspcareenspsoenspmakeenspsureenspyouenspintroduceenspyourselfenspandenspanyoneenspelseenspinensptheensproomensp(egenspstudents)enspandenspdescribeenspyourensproleenspandensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspappointmentenspMāorienspshowenspaensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspandenspunhurriedenspinteractions1

WhenenspgreetingenspandenspleavingenspaenspfirmensphandshakeenspwithenspgoodenspeyeenspcontactenspisenspappreciatedenspMenenspmayenspwaitenspforensptheenspwomanensptoenspinitiateenspaensphandshake

Background

Ethnicity Thereenspareensp12enspmajorenspiwiensp(tribalenspgroups)enspdocumentedenspinenspNewenspZealandrsquosensp2013enspCensusenspofenspPopulationenspandenspDwellingsenspwithenspsub-tribesenspwithinensptheenspmainenspiwienspDifferentenspiwi haveenspdifferentenspvaluesenspbeliefsenspandensppractices3

Religion ChristianityenspisensptheenspmostenspwidelyensppractisedenspreligionenspamongstenspMāorienspTribalenspreligiousenspvariationsenspalsoenspexistenspthatenspareenspbasedensponenspChristianityenspCurrentenspbeliefsenspmayenspbeenspinfluencedenspbyensptraditionalenspreligionsensptheenspprimaryenspreligionsenspbeingenspRatanaenspandenspRingatuensp

Language MāorienspandenspEnglishenspareenspusedenspTheseenspareensptheenspofficialensplanguagesenspofenspNewenspZealand

Migrationensphistoryensp Sinceensptheensp1960senspsignificantenspnumbersenspofenspMāorienspbeganensptravellingensptoenspAustraliaensptoenspacquireenspnewenspskillsenspandenspalsoenspforensptradeenspespeciallyenspduringenspdownturnsenspinensptheenspNewenspZealandenspeconomy4ensp

Householdenspsize Theensp2011enspAustralianenspCensusenspfoundensptheenspmostenspcommonenspnumberenspofensppeopleensplivingenspinenspaenspMāoriensphouseholdenspwasenspfourensppersonsensp(181)enspwithenspaenspsignificantenspnumberenspofenspextendedenspfamilyensphouseholdsensp(92)enspbeingenspmadeenspupenspofenspeightensporenspmoreensppersons5ensp

PopulationenspinenspAustralia

Inensp2011ensp128430enspAustraliansenspidentifiedenspasenspMāorienspbyenspancestry6enspAccurateenspdataensponensptheenspnumberenspofenspMāorienspbornenspinenspNewenspZealandenspwhoenspliveenspinenspAustraliaenspisenspnotenspavailableenspbecauseensptheenspAustralianenspCensusenspcollectsenspcountryenspofenspbirthenspdataenspandenspMāorienspareenspincludedenspinenspNewenspZealandenspfiguresensp

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

2 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

2ensp PreparationenspforensptheenspconsultationWorkingenspwithenspanenspinterpreterAlthoughenspitenspisenspuncommonenspforenspsomeoneenspofenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundensplivingenspinenspAustraliaensptoensprequireenspanenspinterpreterenspifensponeenspisensprequiredenspitenspisenspimportantenspthatenspaensptrainedenspandenspregisteredenspinterpreterenspbeenspusedenspTheenspuseenspofenspchildrenenspotherenspfamilyenspmembersensporenspfriendsenspisenspnotenspadvisableenspHealthenspservicesenspmustenspconsiderensptheensppotentialensplegalenspconsequencesenspofenspadverseenspoutcomesenspwhenenspusingenspunaccreditedensppeopleensptoensplsquointerpretrsquoenspifenspanenspaccreditedenspinterpreterenspisenspavailable

IfenspyouensphaveensplimitedenspexperienceenspworkingenspwithenspanenspinterpreterenspitenspisensprecommendedenspthatenspyouenspimproveensptheseenspskillsensppriorensptoensptheenspappointmentenspThereenspareenspmanyensponlineensporientationenspcoursesenspavailableenspandenspQueenslandenspHealthensphasenspproducedenspguidelinesenspforenspworkingenspwithenspinterpretersenspenspwhichenspcanenspbeenspaccessed here

Traditionalenspgreetingsenspandenspetiquette

English Māori Pronunciation

Helloensp(literallyensplsquobeenspwellhealthyrsquo)

Tēnā koeensp(formalenspgreetingensptoensponeenspperson) Teh-nah-kway

Tēnā kōrua (formalenspgreetingensptoensptwoensppeople) Teh-nah-kor-oo-ah

Tēnā koutouensp(formalenspgreetingensptoenspmanyensppeople) Teh-nah-ko-toe

enspFollowensphyperlinksensptoensphearensppronunciation

LanguageenspandensppronunciationenspareenspoftenenspveryenspimportantensptoensppeopleenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundensp

LearningensphowensptoensppronounceenspMāorienspnamesenspcorrectlyenspisenspaenspwayensptoenspshowensprespectenspBecauseenspmispronouncingenspMāorienspwordsensporenspnamesenspcanenspbeenspjarringensptoensptheenspclientenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspaskensptheensppersonensptoenspteachenspyouensptoensppronounceenspwords1enspMāorienspgenerallyenspwishensptoensplearnensptheenspnamesenspandensprolesenspofenspthoseenspinvolvedenspinensptheirenspcareenspsoenspmakeenspsureenspyouenspintroduceenspyourselfenspandenspanyoneenspelseenspinensptheensproomensp(egenspstudents)enspandenspdescribeenspyourensproleenspandensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspappointmentenspMāorienspshowenspaensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspandenspunhurriedenspinteractions1

WhenenspgreetingenspandenspleavingenspaenspfirmensphandshakeenspwithenspgoodenspeyeenspcontactenspisenspappreciatedenspMenenspmayenspwaitenspforensptheenspwomanensptoenspinitiateenspaensphandshake

Background

Ethnicity Thereenspareensp12enspmajorenspiwiensp(tribalenspgroups)enspdocumentedenspinenspNewenspZealandrsquosensp2013enspCensusenspofenspPopulationenspandenspDwellingsenspwithenspsub-tribesenspwithinensptheenspmainenspiwienspDifferentenspiwi haveenspdifferentenspvaluesenspbeliefsenspandensppractices3

Religion ChristianityenspisensptheenspmostenspwidelyensppractisedenspreligionenspamongstenspMāorienspTribalenspreligiousenspvariationsenspalsoenspexistenspthatenspareenspbasedensponenspChristianityenspCurrentenspbeliefsenspmayenspbeenspinfluencedenspbyensptraditionalenspreligionsensptheenspprimaryenspreligionsenspbeingenspRatanaenspandenspRingatuensp

Language MāorienspandenspEnglishenspareenspusedenspTheseenspareensptheenspofficialensplanguagesenspofenspNewenspZealand

Migrationensphistoryensp Sinceensptheensp1960senspsignificantenspnumbersenspofenspMāorienspbeganensptravellingensptoenspAustraliaensptoenspacquireenspnewenspskillsenspandenspalsoenspforensptradeenspespeciallyenspduringenspdownturnsenspinensptheenspNewenspZealandenspeconomy4ensp

Householdenspsize Theensp2011enspAustralianenspCensusenspfoundensptheenspmostenspcommonenspnumberenspofensppeopleensplivingenspinenspaenspMāoriensphouseholdenspwasenspfourensppersonsensp(181)enspwithenspaenspsignificantenspnumberenspofenspextendedenspfamilyensphouseholdsensp(92)enspbeingenspmadeenspupenspofenspeightensporenspmoreensppersons5ensp

PopulationenspinenspAustralia

Inensp2011ensp128430enspAustraliansenspidentifiedenspasenspMāorienspbyenspancestry6enspAccurateenspdataensponensptheenspnumberenspofenspMāorienspbornenspinenspNewenspZealandenspwhoenspliveenspinenspAustraliaenspisenspnotenspavailableenspbecauseensptheenspAustralianenspCensusenspcollectsenspcountryenspofenspbirthenspdataenspandenspMāorienspareenspincludedenspinenspNewenspZealandenspfiguresensp

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

3Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

HealthenspprofileenspinenspAustralia

Lifeenspexpectancy Basedensponenspdeathenspratesenspinensp2010ndash2012ensptheenspgapenspbetweenenspMāorienspandenspnon-Māoriensplifeenspexpectancyenspatenspbirthenspwasensp73enspyearsenspinenspNewenspZealandenspwhileensptheensplifeenspexpectancyenspofenspMāorienspatenspbirthenspwasensp728enspyearsenspforenspmalesenspandensp765enspyearsenspforenspfemales7enspThereenspisenspnoenspdataensponensptheensplifeenspexpectancyenspofenspMāorienspinenspAustraliaensp

Newensparrivals Asenspofensp30enspJuneensp2014enspNewenspZealandenspwasensptheenspsecond-largestenspsingleenspcountryenspcontributorensptoenspAustraliarsquosenspoverseas-bornensppopulationensp(26)8enspOfenspNewenspZealand-bornensppeopleensplivingenspinenspAustraliaensp15enspstatedenspMāorienspdescentenspinensptheensp2006enspCensus9ensp

Chronicenspdisease ThereenspisenspveryensplittleenspdataensponensptheensphealthenspofenspMāorienspinenspAustraliaenspInenspNewenspZealandenspthereenspisenspaensphigherenspincidenceenspofenspobesityenspandenspdiabetesenspwithenspaenspyoungerenspageenspatenspdiagnosisenspforenspMāorisenspvsenspnon-Māoriensppopulations1enspTheseenspdisparitiesenspinenspoverallenspMāoriensphealthensppersistenspevenenspwhenenspsocialenspdeterminantsenspofensphealthenspsuchenspasensppovertyenspeducationenspandensplocationenspareenspeliminated1

FocusenspgroupsenspofenspMāorienspcommunityenspmembersenspinenspQueenslandenspidentifiedenspdiabetesenspcoronaryensphealthenspdiseaseenspobesityenspandensphazardousenspalcoholenspconsumptionenspasenspmajorensphealthensppriorities10

Oralensphealth InenspNewenspZealandenspMāorienspchildrenenspandenspadultsensphaveensppoorerensporalensphealthenspoutcomesenspandenspaccessenspservicesensplessenspoftenenspthanenspnon-Māoriensppeople11

Socialenspdeterminantsenspofensphealthenspandenspotherenspinfluences

InenspQueenslandensptheenspkeyenspcommunityenspissuesenspthatenspinfluenceenspMāoriensphealthenspincludeensplowerenspattainmentenspofenspeducationensplowerenspskilledenspemploymentensplowerenspaverageenspweeklyenspincomeenspthanenspAustralian-bornensppeopleensphigherensplevelsenspofenspfamilyenspstressorsenspincludingenspintergenerationalenspconflictensplowerenspaccessensptoenspservicesenspandensppoorerensphousingenspandenspover-crowdedenspconditionsenspFamilyenspsupportenspandensporientationenspareenspstrengths12

TraditionalenspfoodenspandenspfoodensppracticesReligious and cultural influencesMāorienspcelebrateenspaensplargeenspnumberenspofenspcommunityenspeventsenspaccompaniedenspbyenspfoodenspTheseenspincludeenspWaitangienspDayenspchurchenspcommunityenspdaysenspweddingsenspandenspfuneralsenspFuneralsenspcanenspbeenspthree-dayenspevents

Traditional (pre- and post-European contact) meals and snacksTheenspdietenspofenspMāorienspinenspNewenspZealandensphasenspchangedenspdramaticallyenspsinceensptheensparrivalenspofenspEuropeanenspsettlersenspManyenspofensptheenspfoodsenspbroughtenspbyenspEuropeansensphaveenspreducedensptheenspdietenspqualityenspofenspMāorienspwhileenspincreasingensptheirenspenergyenspintakeenspegensptheenspadditionenspofenspfattyenspmeatsenspsugarenspandenspwhiteenspflourenspTheenspfoodsenspdescribedenspbelowenspincludeenspfoodsenspdescribedenspbyenspcommunityenspmembersenspasensptraditionalenspTheseenspincludeensppre-enspandensppost-colonialenspfoodsensp

Breakfastensp PorridgeenspmadeenspfromenspwhiteenspwheatenspflourenspandenspwaterenspCreamenspandenspsugarenspareenspaddedenspThisenspisenspaenspmealenspthatenspcanenspbeenspmadeenspextremelyenspcheaplyenspandenspcanenspfeedenspaensplargeenspfamilyenspwhileenspprovidingenspsatiety

Mainenspandenspotherenspmeals

DinnerenspisensptheenspmainenspmealenspItenspwillenspusuallyenspconsistenspofenspmeatenspwithenspsomeenspformenspofensppotatoenspThisenspmealensptendsensptoenspbeensphighenspinenspcarbohydrateenspbecauseenspwhiteenspbreadenspisenspusuallyenspconsumedensp

OtherenspdishesenspincludeenspaensplsquoMāorienspboil-uprsquoenspwhichenspconsistsenspofenspporkenspbonesensppuhaensp(aenspleafyenspgreenenspvegetable)ensprootenspvegetablesensp(pumpkinenspandenspkumara)enspandenspdoughenspboysensp(dumplings)

Fruitenspandenspvegetables

WhenensptheenspMāorienspfirstensparrivedenspinenspNewenspZealandenspfromensptropicalenspPolynesiaensptheyenspbroughtensptropicalensprootenspcropsenspsuchenspasenspsweetensppotatoensp(kumara)enspandensptaroenspTheseenspgrewensponensptheenspNorthenspIslandenspbutenspnotensponensptheenspSouthenspIslandenspNativeenspNewenspZealandenspplantsenspwereenspalsoenspsourcedenspforenspfoodenspoverensptimeenspWithenspwhiteenspsettlementensppotatoesenspandensppumpkinenspbecameensppopular

Snacks BeforeenspEuropeanenspsettlementenspMāorienspcommunitiesenspateensptwoenspmealsenspaenspdayenspinensptheenspmorningenspandenspeveningenspOverensptimeenspEuropeanenspmealensppatternsenspwereenspadopted13

Beverages MāorienspareensponeenspofensptheenspfewenspculturesensptoensphaveensphadenspnoenspformenspofenspalcoholicenspbeverageenspuntilenspwhiteenspsettlementenspBeforeenspthisenspwaterenspwasensptheenspprimaryenspbeverageenspwithenspeveryenspMāorienspcommunityensphavingenspitsenspownenspfresh-waterenspsprings

Celebrationenspfoodsenspandenspreligiousenspfoodensppractices

CommunityenspeventsenspmayenspincludeenspaensphangienspwhereenspbasketsenspofenspfoodenspareenspcookedensponenspheatedensprocksenspburiedenspinenspaensppitenspovenenspSteamedensppuddingsensporenspotherenspdessertsenspmayenspbeenspeatenensponenspspecialenspoccasions

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

4 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

Common traditional foods

Watercress WatercressenspisenspoftenenspusedenspasenspanenspalternativeensptoensppuhaenspaenspgreenenspvegetableenspnativeensptoenspNewenspZealandenspPuha isenspalsoenspknownenspasenspsowenspthistle

Kumaraensp(Māoriensppotatoes) Kumara isenspuniqueensptoenspNewenspZealandenspandenspisenspsimilarensptoenspsweetensppotatoenspItenspcanenspbeensppreparedenspandenspconsumedenspinenspsimilarenspwaysensptoensppotatoes

Fishenspheads TheenspfishenspheadsenspareenspboiledenspoftenenspwithensponionsenspcarrotsenspandenspseasoningenspTheenspeyesenspareenspconsideredenspaenspdelicacyenspbyenspsomeenspcommunityenspmembers

Doughenspboysenspmadeenspfromenspwhiteenspflourensp(plainensporenspself-raising)enspandenspsalt

Doughenspboys areenspsimilarensptoenspdumplingsenspTheyenspareenspoftenenspcookedenspinenspaenspsaucepanenspofenspboilingenspwaterenspporkenspbonesenspandenspwatercressensporensppuhaenspOtherenspvegetablesensp(egensppumpkinenspandenspkumara)enspmayenspbeenspaddedenspThisenspdishenspisenspcalledenspaenspMāorienspboil-up

Marinatedensprawenspfishenspmadeenspfromensprawenspfreshenspwhiteenspfishenspfilletsenspwaterensponionenspandenspsalt

TraditionallyensprawenspfishenspwasenspmadeenspwithenspwaterensponionenspandenspsaltenspwithensponlyensptheenspfreshestenspwhiteenspfishenspfilletsenspusedenspThisenspdishensphasenspbeenenspinfluencedenspbyenspPacificenspIslanderenspandenspotherenspculturesenspwithensptheenspadditionenspofenspcoconutenspmilkenspvegetablesenspsuchenspasensptomatoenspandenspcapsicumenspandenspherbsenspsuchenspasenspparsleyensporenspcoriander

RewenaensporensplsquoMāorienspbreadrsquoenspmadeenspfromensppotatoenspplainenspflourenspsugarenspandenspsalt

Thisenspisenspaensptraditionalenspsourdoughenspbreadenspmadeenspwithenspwildenspyeast

Maorienspfriedenspbreadenspmadeenspfromenspself-raisingenspflourenspsaltenspandenspoil

Thisenspisenspaenspfriedenspdamperenspthatenspisensprolledenspoutensptoensp15enspcmenspthicknessenspcutenspintoenspindividualenspservesenspandenspthenenspfriedenspuntilenspitenspisenspgoldenensponenspbothenspsides

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

5Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

FoodensphabitsenspinenspAustralia

Foodensppractices MealensppatternsenspThreeenspmainenspmealsenspareenspcommonlyenspeatenenspwithenspsomeensppeopleenspalsoenspconsumingenspsnacksenspinenspbetweenenspmainenspmealsenspThisenspmayenspbeenspcutenspdownensptoensponeenspmainenspmealenspperenspdayenspdependingensponenspfinancesenspLargeenspservingsenspareenspquiteenspcommonenspatenspmainenspmealsensp

EatingensppracticesenspEldersenspandenspchildrenenspareensprespectedenspandenspmayenspeatenspbeforeenspothersenspMāorienspcanenspbeenspveryenspspiritualenspandenspblessenspmealsenspbyenspgivingenspthanksenspbeforeensptheyenspareenspeatenenspOnceenspfoodenspisenspblessedenspindividualsenspcanenspstartensptheirenspmealensptheyenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspwaitenspuntilenspeveryoneenspisenspseatedenspatensptheensptableenspwithensptheirenspmealenspbeforeensptheyenspbeginensptoenspeatenspItenspisenspoftenenspexpectedenspthatenspeachensppersonenspwillenspfinishenspallensptheenspfoodensponensptheirenspplateensporenspotherenspfamilyenspmembersenspwillensphelpenspthemenspfinishenspsoenspthereenspisenspnoenspfoodenspwastedenspMealsenspareenspconsumedenspatensptheensptableenspwithenspfamily

GardeningenspGrowingenspvegetablesenspatensphomeenspwasenspcommonenspamongstenspolderenspgenerationsenspinenspAustraliaenspbutenspthisenspisenspdecreasingenspTheenspmostenspcommonenspvegetablesenspgrownenspareensppurpleenspandenspyellowenspMāoriensppotatoesensp(kumara)

AdaptationsensptoenspdietenspinenspAustralia

SubstituteenspfoodsenspSweetensppotatoenspandensptaroenspcanenspbeenspsubstitutedenspforenspkumaraenspWatercressenspisenspusedenspasenspanenspalternativeensptoensppuhaenspIfenspsnapperenspheadsenspareenspnotenspavailableenspforenspfish-headenspstewenspthenenspsmokedenspeelensptroutenspmulletensporenspsalmonenspheadsenspmayenspbeenspusedensp

ChangesensptoenspdietenspSomeenspchildrenensptakeensppackedenspschoolensplunchesenspbutenspmanyenspareenspgivenenspmoneyensptoenspspendensponensptheirenspchoiceenspofenspfoodsenspatensptheensptuckshopenspManyenspmembersenspofensptheenspMāoriensppopulationensphaveenspadaptedensptoenspWesternenspwaysenspofenspeatingenspSnacksenspareenspcommonenspamongstenspschool-ageenspchildrenenspandenspmayenspincludeenspchipsenspmueslienspbarsenspfruitenspandenspbiscuitsenspMāorienspbreadensp(rewena)enspisenspgenerallyenspmadeenspwithenspdriedenspyeastenspinenspAustralia

BeveragesenspSoftenspdrinkenspcordialenspwaterenspandenspfruitenspjuiceenspareenspfrequentlyenspconsumedenspInenspNewenspZealandenspinensp2009ensp42enspofenspMāorienspmalesenspandensp29enspofenspMāorienspfemalesenspdrankenspsoftenspdrinksensporenspenergyenspdrinksenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

OtherenspinfluencesenspDuringenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspmanyenspparticipantsenspreportedenspconsumingensptakeawaysenspatenspleastensponceenspaenspweekenspCommonensptakeawayenspoptionsenspincludeenspfishenspandenspchipsenspKFCenspMcDonaldsenspandenspHungryenspJacksenspThisenspisenspconsistentenspwithensptheensp200809enspNewenspZealandenspAdultenspNutritionenspSurveyrsquosenspfindingenspthatensp50enspofenspMāorienspmenenspandensp46enspofenspwomenenspinenspNewenspZealandenspateenspfastenspfoodenspandensptakeawaysenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

Cookingenspmethodsensp Boilingenspfryingenspsteamingenspandenspduringenspcelebrationsensptheensptraditionalenspmethodenspofenspcookingenspmeatenspandenspvegetablesenspinensptheenspgroundenspwithensphotenspstonesensp(hangi)enspmayenspbeenspused

Shoppingmealensppreparation

BothenspmenenspandenspwomenenspparticipateenspinenspshoppingenspandenspmealensppreparationenspMenenspmayenspperformensptheensplabour-intensiveensptasksenspofenspcookingenspandensppreparationenspincludingensppreparationenspforensptheensphangienspWomenenspandenspchildrenenspmayensptakeensponensptasksenspsuchenspasensppeelingensppotatoesenspshellingenspmusselsenspmakingenspbreadenspsettingensptablesenspandenspwashingenspup

Foodenspinensppregnancyensp InenspNewenspZealandensppoorenspdietensphasenspbeenenspidentifiedenspforenspwomenenspbothenspduringenspandenspafterensppregnancy14enspContributingenspfactorsenspincludeensptheenspadoptionenspofenspaenspWesternenspdietenspandensptheensplossenspofensptraditionalenspfoodenspsourcesenspasenspwellenspasensppoorerenspeconomicenspandenspsocialenspstatusenspTheenspnutritionenspissuesenspthatenspmayenspbeenspofenspmostenspconcernenspforenspMāorienspwomenenspduringensppregnancyenspandenspbreastfeedingenspincludeensplowenspcalciumenspironenspandenspfolateenspintakesenspandensphighenspfatenspandenspsugarenspintakes14ensp

Breastfeedingenspandenspfirstenspfoods

BreastfeedingenspInenspNewenspZealandenspbreastfeedingenspratesenspforenspMāorienspPacificenspandenspAsianenspcommunitiesenspareenspsignificantlyensplowerenspthanenspthoseenspofenspotherenspNewenspZealanders15enspInenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspwithinensptheenspSouthenspBrisbaneenspMāorienspcommunityenspforenspthisenspresourceenspparticipantsenspreportedenspthatenspbreastfeedingenspwasensphighlyenspvaluedenspandenspcommonenspwithenspbabiesenspbeingenspbreastfedenspforensp6ndash12enspmonths

IntroductionenspofenspsolidsenspSomeenspcommonenspfirstenspfoodsenspincludeensppureacuteedenspfruitenspandenspvegetablesenspandenspsoftenspcerealsenspSomeenspMāorienspmothersenspmayenspintroduceenspsolidsenspasenspearlyenspasenspthreeenspmonthsensp

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

6 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

During the consultation3ensp Assessment

Keyenspconsiderationsbullensp enspAnthropometryenspItenspisenspparticularlyenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspsomeoneenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundenspasenspwellenspasenspexplainingensp

whatenspyouenspwillenspdoenspandenspwhyenspyouenspareenspdoingenspitenspInenspMāorienspcultureensptheenspheadenspisensptheenspmostenspsacredensppartenspofensptheenspbodyensp(forenspadultsenspandenspchildren)enspsoenspitenspisenspveryenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspitenspforenspanyenspreason1ensp

bullensp enspBecauseenspofensptheenspinterconnectednessenspofenspMāorienspwithenspfamilyenspasenspwellenspasenspbringingenspfamilyenspmembersensptoenspappointmentsensptheenspclientenspmayenspneedensptoenspconsultenspwithenspthemenspduringensptheenspappointmentenspTheenspfamilyenspmemberenspmayenspevenenspwantensptoenspspeakensponenspbehalfenspofensptheenspclientenspandenspthisenspisenspculturallyenspappropriate1ensp

bullensp enspMealensppatternsenspHowenspmealsenspareenspdefinedenspvariesenspbetweenenspculturesenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspaskenspmoreenspgenerallyenspaboutenspwhenenspfoodenspandenspbeveragesenspareenspconsumedenspthroughoutensptheenspdayenspratherenspthanenspsetenspmealensppatternsensp(breakfastensplunchenspandenspdinner)enspCheckensptheenspfrequencyenspofensptakeawaysenspandenspsnackenspfoodenspconsumptionensp

Whenensptakingenspaenspdietensphistoryenspbeenspsureensptoenspcheckensptheenspfollowing

Prompt Why

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspvegetablesenspconsumed Thereenspmayenspbeensplowensptotalenspvegetableenspconsumption

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspfruitsenspconsumed FruitenspconsumptionenspmayenspbeensplowensporensphighenspdependingensponensppreferencesenspCheckensptheenspformenspofenspfruitenspconsumed

ensp Amountenspofenspaddedenspoilenspandenspfatsensptoenspfoods Theseenspareenspusedenspforenspcookingenspandenspseasoning

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsweetenspfoodsenspconsumedensp(egenspbiscuitsenspcakesenspsweetenedenspbeveragesenspandenspcelebrationenspfoods)

Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Useenspofenspsaucesenspandenspcondimentsensphighenspinenspsalt Consumptionenspofenspsoyenspsauceenspandensptheenspuseenspofenspsaltenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptable Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Takeawayssoftenspdrinkenspconsumption ConsumptionenspmayenspbeensphighenspHighenspsugarensphighenspfatenspWesternenspfoodsenspareenspconsideredenspdesirable

ensp enspAmountensptypeenspandenspcookingenspmethodenspofenspmeats FattyenspcutsenspofenspmeatenspmayenspbeenspfrequentlyenspusedenspFatenspmayenspnotenspbeensptrimmedensppriorensptoenspcooking

ensp enspSnackenspfrequencyensptypeenspandenspamount SnackingenspbehavioursenspmayenspbecomeenspmoreenspcommonenspinenspAustralia

ensp enspPortionenspsizesensp(especiallyenspofenspdiscretionaryenspfoods) Portionenspsizesenspmayenspbeensplarge

ensp enspDietaryenspchangesenspdueensptoenspculturalensporenspreligiousenspevents SomeenspcommunityenspmembersenspmayenspnotenspeatenspmeatenspegenspsomeenspSeventhenspDayenspAdventistenspChurchenspmembers

ensp enspFoodenspinsecurity Thisenspmayensplimitensptheenspnumberenspofenspmealsenspandensptheensptypeenspofenspfoodenspeaten

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

7Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

4ensp DiagnosisTheenspfollowingenspexamplesenspmayenspbeenspusedenspasenspaenspguideenspforenspcommonenspPESSenspstatementsensplsquoProblemsrsquoenspareensptakenenspfromensptheenspNutritional Diagnosis Terminology eNCPT 2014enspwhichenspisenspavailableenspfreeenspinensptheenspmembersrsquoenspsectionenspofensptheenspDietitiansenspAssociationenspofenspAustraliaenspwebsite

ExamplesenspofenspcommonenspProblemsensp(P)enspforenspPESSenspstatements Commonensp(A)Etiologiesensp(E)enspforenspPESSenspstatements

Overweightenspandenspobesity

bullensp enspExcessiveenspenergyenspintakeensp(NI-13)bullensp enspExcessiveensporalenspintakeensp(NI-22)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspUnintendedenspweightenspgainensp(NC-34)bullensp enspOverweightobesityensp(NC-33) Please note that due to the different body composition of Pacific Islanders different BMI classes could apply

bullensp enspConsumptionenspofensplargeenspportionenspsizesenspofenspenergyenspdenseenspfoodsensp(egensppotatoesenspbreadenspandenspdumplings)ensp(NI-22enspNI-NI-13enspNC-33enspNC-34)

bullensp enspLackenspofenspstructuredenspmealensptimesensp(NI-584)bullensp enspHighenspintakeenspofenspfoodsensphighenspinenspsaturatedenspfatensp(egensp

untrimmedenspmeatsenspdeepenspfriedensphomeenspcookedenspandensptakeawayenspfoods)ensp(NI-573enspNI-562)

bullensp enspPreferenceenspforensphighlyenspseasonedenspfoodsenspandensplargeenspamountsenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspduringenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableensp(NI-5102)

bullensp enspTraditionalenspdietenspwithensplowenspintakeenspofensphighenspironenspfoodsenspandenspnoenspsupplementationensp(NI-5101)

bullensp enspHighenspconsumptionenspofensptakeawayenspfoodsensp(NI-13enspNI-562enspNI-5102)

bullensp enspRelianceensponensptraditionalenspknowledgeenspandensplittleenspaccessensptoenspgovernmentenspgeneratedenspdietaryenspinformationensporenspcampaignsensp(NB-11)

bullensp enspLowenspconsumptionenspofenspfibreenspcontainingenspfoodsenspsuchenspasenspfruitenspvegetablesenspandenspwholeenspgrainsensp(NI-585)

NoteenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspidentifyensptheenspunderlyingenspcausesenspofenspeatingenspbehaviours

Typeensp2enspdiabetesenspandenspgestationalenspdiabetes

bullensp enspInconsistentenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-584)enspbullensp enspExcessiveenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-582)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspcarbohydrateenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp

(specifyenspegensphighenspconsumptionenspofensphighenspGIenspstarchesenspsuchenspasenspwhiteensprice)ensp(NI-583)

Cardiovascularenspdisease

bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspfatenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp(specifyenspegensp

highenspsaturatedenspfatenspintake)ensp(NI-563)bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)

Chronicenspkidneyenspdiseaseensp

bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfluidenspintakeensp(NI-32)bullensp enspExcessiveenspproteinenspintakeensp(NI-32)

General bullensp enspFood-enspandenspnutrition-relatedenspknowledgeenspdeficitensp(NB-11)bullensp enspInadequateenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspironensp(NI-5101)bullensp enspImpairedenspabilityensptoenspprepareenspfoodsmealsensp(NI-24)bullensp enspInadequateenspfibreenspintakeensp(NI-585)

enspPESSenspProblemensp(A)EtiologyenspSignsenspandenspSymptoms

ForensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensp(SS)enspforenspPESSenspstatementsenspuseenspstandardenspclinicalenspmeasurementsenspMakeenspsureensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensprelateensptoensptheenspidentifiedenspProblemsenspandenspnotensptheirensp(A)Etiologies

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

4 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

Common traditional foods

Watercress WatercressenspisenspoftenenspusedenspasenspanenspalternativeensptoensppuhaenspaenspgreenenspvegetableenspnativeensptoenspNewenspZealandenspPuha isenspalsoenspknownenspasenspsowenspthistle

Kumaraensp(Māoriensppotatoes) Kumara isenspuniqueensptoenspNewenspZealandenspandenspisenspsimilarensptoenspsweetensppotatoenspItenspcanenspbeensppreparedenspandenspconsumedenspinenspsimilarenspwaysensptoensppotatoes

Fishenspheads TheenspfishenspheadsenspareenspboiledenspoftenenspwithensponionsenspcarrotsenspandenspseasoningenspTheenspeyesenspareenspconsideredenspaenspdelicacyenspbyenspsomeenspcommunityenspmembers

Doughenspboysenspmadeenspfromenspwhiteenspflourensp(plainensporenspself-raising)enspandenspsalt

Doughenspboys areenspsimilarensptoenspdumplingsenspTheyenspareenspoftenenspcookedenspinenspaenspsaucepanenspofenspboilingenspwaterenspporkenspbonesenspandenspwatercressensporensppuhaenspOtherenspvegetablesensp(egensppumpkinenspandenspkumara)enspmayenspbeenspaddedenspThisenspdishenspisenspcalledenspaenspMāorienspboil-up

Marinatedensprawenspfishenspmadeenspfromensprawenspfreshenspwhiteenspfishenspfilletsenspwaterensponionenspandenspsalt

TraditionallyensprawenspfishenspwasenspmadeenspwithenspwaterensponionenspandenspsaltenspwithensponlyensptheenspfreshestenspwhiteenspfishenspfilletsenspusedenspThisenspdishensphasenspbeenenspinfluencedenspbyenspPacificenspIslanderenspandenspotherenspculturesenspwithensptheenspadditionenspofenspcoconutenspmilkenspvegetablesenspsuchenspasensptomatoenspandenspcapsicumenspandenspherbsenspsuchenspasenspparsleyensporenspcoriander

RewenaensporensplsquoMāorienspbreadrsquoenspmadeenspfromensppotatoenspplainenspflourenspsugarenspandenspsalt

Thisenspisenspaensptraditionalenspsourdoughenspbreadenspmadeenspwithenspwildenspyeast

Maorienspfriedenspbreadenspmadeenspfromenspself-raisingenspflourenspsaltenspandenspoil

Thisenspisenspaenspfriedenspdamperenspthatenspisensprolledenspoutensptoensp15enspcmenspthicknessenspcutenspintoenspindividualenspservesenspandenspthenenspfriedenspuntilenspitenspisenspgoldenensponenspbothenspsides

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

5Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

FoodensphabitsenspinenspAustralia

Foodensppractices MealensppatternsenspThreeenspmainenspmealsenspareenspcommonlyenspeatenenspwithenspsomeensppeopleenspalsoenspconsumingenspsnacksenspinenspbetweenenspmainenspmealsenspThisenspmayenspbeenspcutenspdownensptoensponeenspmainenspmealenspperenspdayenspdependingensponenspfinancesenspLargeenspservingsenspareenspquiteenspcommonenspatenspmainenspmealsensp

EatingensppracticesenspEldersenspandenspchildrenenspareensprespectedenspandenspmayenspeatenspbeforeenspothersenspMāorienspcanenspbeenspveryenspspiritualenspandenspblessenspmealsenspbyenspgivingenspthanksenspbeforeensptheyenspareenspeatenenspOnceenspfoodenspisenspblessedenspindividualsenspcanenspstartensptheirenspmealensptheyenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspwaitenspuntilenspeveryoneenspisenspseatedenspatensptheensptableenspwithensptheirenspmealenspbeforeensptheyenspbeginensptoenspeatenspItenspisenspoftenenspexpectedenspthatenspeachensppersonenspwillenspfinishenspallensptheenspfoodensponensptheirenspplateensporenspotherenspfamilyenspmembersenspwillensphelpenspthemenspfinishenspsoenspthereenspisenspnoenspfoodenspwastedenspMealsenspareenspconsumedenspatensptheensptableenspwithenspfamily

GardeningenspGrowingenspvegetablesenspatensphomeenspwasenspcommonenspamongstenspolderenspgenerationsenspinenspAustraliaenspbutenspthisenspisenspdecreasingenspTheenspmostenspcommonenspvegetablesenspgrownenspareensppurpleenspandenspyellowenspMāoriensppotatoesensp(kumara)

AdaptationsensptoenspdietenspinenspAustralia

SubstituteenspfoodsenspSweetensppotatoenspandensptaroenspcanenspbeenspsubstitutedenspforenspkumaraenspWatercressenspisenspusedenspasenspanenspalternativeensptoensppuhaenspIfenspsnapperenspheadsenspareenspnotenspavailableenspforenspfish-headenspstewenspthenenspsmokedenspeelensptroutenspmulletensporenspsalmonenspheadsenspmayenspbeenspusedensp

ChangesensptoenspdietenspSomeenspchildrenensptakeensppackedenspschoolensplunchesenspbutenspmanyenspareenspgivenenspmoneyensptoenspspendensponensptheirenspchoiceenspofenspfoodsenspatensptheensptuckshopenspManyenspmembersenspofensptheenspMāoriensppopulationensphaveenspadaptedensptoenspWesternenspwaysenspofenspeatingenspSnacksenspareenspcommonenspamongstenspschool-ageenspchildrenenspandenspmayenspincludeenspchipsenspmueslienspbarsenspfruitenspandenspbiscuitsenspMāorienspbreadensp(rewena)enspisenspgenerallyenspmadeenspwithenspdriedenspyeastenspinenspAustralia

BeveragesenspSoftenspdrinkenspcordialenspwaterenspandenspfruitenspjuiceenspareenspfrequentlyenspconsumedenspInenspNewenspZealandenspinensp2009ensp42enspofenspMāorienspmalesenspandensp29enspofenspMāorienspfemalesenspdrankenspsoftenspdrinksensporenspenergyenspdrinksenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

OtherenspinfluencesenspDuringenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspmanyenspparticipantsenspreportedenspconsumingensptakeawaysenspatenspleastensponceenspaenspweekenspCommonensptakeawayenspoptionsenspincludeenspfishenspandenspchipsenspKFCenspMcDonaldsenspandenspHungryenspJacksenspThisenspisenspconsistentenspwithensptheensp200809enspNewenspZealandenspAdultenspNutritionenspSurveyrsquosenspfindingenspthatensp50enspofenspMāorienspmenenspandensp46enspofenspwomenenspinenspNewenspZealandenspateenspfastenspfoodenspandensptakeawaysenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

Cookingenspmethodsensp Boilingenspfryingenspsteamingenspandenspduringenspcelebrationsensptheensptraditionalenspmethodenspofenspcookingenspmeatenspandenspvegetablesenspinensptheenspgroundenspwithensphotenspstonesensp(hangi)enspmayenspbeenspused

Shoppingmealensppreparation

BothenspmenenspandenspwomenenspparticipateenspinenspshoppingenspandenspmealensppreparationenspMenenspmayenspperformensptheensplabour-intensiveensptasksenspofenspcookingenspandensppreparationenspincludingensppreparationenspforensptheensphangienspWomenenspandenspchildrenenspmayensptakeensponensptasksenspsuchenspasensppeelingensppotatoesenspshellingenspmusselsenspmakingenspbreadenspsettingensptablesenspandenspwashingenspup

Foodenspinensppregnancyensp InenspNewenspZealandensppoorenspdietensphasenspbeenenspidentifiedenspforenspwomenenspbothenspduringenspandenspafterensppregnancy14enspContributingenspfactorsenspincludeensptheenspadoptionenspofenspaenspWesternenspdietenspandensptheensplossenspofensptraditionalenspfoodenspsourcesenspasenspwellenspasensppoorerenspeconomicenspandenspsocialenspstatusenspTheenspnutritionenspissuesenspthatenspmayenspbeenspofenspmostenspconcernenspforenspMāorienspwomenenspduringensppregnancyenspandenspbreastfeedingenspincludeensplowenspcalciumenspironenspandenspfolateenspintakesenspandensphighenspfatenspandenspsugarenspintakes14ensp

Breastfeedingenspandenspfirstenspfoods

BreastfeedingenspInenspNewenspZealandenspbreastfeedingenspratesenspforenspMāorienspPacificenspandenspAsianenspcommunitiesenspareenspsignificantlyensplowerenspthanenspthoseenspofenspotherenspNewenspZealanders15enspInenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspwithinensptheenspSouthenspBrisbaneenspMāorienspcommunityenspforenspthisenspresourceenspparticipantsenspreportedenspthatenspbreastfeedingenspwasensphighlyenspvaluedenspandenspcommonenspwithenspbabiesenspbeingenspbreastfedenspforensp6ndash12enspmonths

IntroductionenspofenspsolidsenspSomeenspcommonenspfirstenspfoodsenspincludeensppureacuteedenspfruitenspandenspvegetablesenspandenspsoftenspcerealsenspSomeenspMāorienspmothersenspmayenspintroduceenspsolidsenspasenspearlyenspasenspthreeenspmonthsensp

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

6 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

During the consultation3ensp Assessment

Keyenspconsiderationsbullensp enspAnthropometryenspItenspisenspparticularlyenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspsomeoneenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundenspasenspwellenspasenspexplainingensp

whatenspyouenspwillenspdoenspandenspwhyenspyouenspareenspdoingenspitenspInenspMāorienspcultureensptheenspheadenspisensptheenspmostenspsacredensppartenspofensptheenspbodyensp(forenspadultsenspandenspchildren)enspsoenspitenspisenspveryenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspitenspforenspanyenspreason1ensp

bullensp enspBecauseenspofensptheenspinterconnectednessenspofenspMāorienspwithenspfamilyenspasenspwellenspasenspbringingenspfamilyenspmembersensptoenspappointmentsensptheenspclientenspmayenspneedensptoenspconsultenspwithenspthemenspduringensptheenspappointmentenspTheenspfamilyenspmemberenspmayenspevenenspwantensptoenspspeakensponenspbehalfenspofensptheenspclientenspandenspthisenspisenspculturallyenspappropriate1ensp

bullensp enspMealensppatternsenspHowenspmealsenspareenspdefinedenspvariesenspbetweenenspculturesenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspaskenspmoreenspgenerallyenspaboutenspwhenenspfoodenspandenspbeveragesenspareenspconsumedenspthroughoutensptheenspdayenspratherenspthanenspsetenspmealensppatternsensp(breakfastensplunchenspandenspdinner)enspCheckensptheenspfrequencyenspofensptakeawaysenspandenspsnackenspfoodenspconsumptionensp

Whenensptakingenspaenspdietensphistoryenspbeenspsureensptoenspcheckensptheenspfollowing

Prompt Why

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspvegetablesenspconsumed Thereenspmayenspbeensplowensptotalenspvegetableenspconsumption

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspfruitsenspconsumed FruitenspconsumptionenspmayenspbeensplowensporensphighenspdependingensponensppreferencesenspCheckensptheenspformenspofenspfruitenspconsumed

ensp Amountenspofenspaddedenspoilenspandenspfatsensptoenspfoods Theseenspareenspusedenspforenspcookingenspandenspseasoning

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsweetenspfoodsenspconsumedensp(egenspbiscuitsenspcakesenspsweetenedenspbeveragesenspandenspcelebrationenspfoods)

Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Useenspofenspsaucesenspandenspcondimentsensphighenspinenspsalt Consumptionenspofenspsoyenspsauceenspandensptheenspuseenspofenspsaltenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptable Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Takeawayssoftenspdrinkenspconsumption ConsumptionenspmayenspbeensphighenspHighenspsugarensphighenspfatenspWesternenspfoodsenspareenspconsideredenspdesirable

ensp enspAmountensptypeenspandenspcookingenspmethodenspofenspmeats FattyenspcutsenspofenspmeatenspmayenspbeenspfrequentlyenspusedenspFatenspmayenspnotenspbeensptrimmedensppriorensptoenspcooking

ensp enspSnackenspfrequencyensptypeenspandenspamount SnackingenspbehavioursenspmayenspbecomeenspmoreenspcommonenspinenspAustralia

ensp enspPortionenspsizesensp(especiallyenspofenspdiscretionaryenspfoods) Portionenspsizesenspmayenspbeensplarge

ensp enspDietaryenspchangesenspdueensptoenspculturalensporenspreligiousenspevents SomeenspcommunityenspmembersenspmayenspnotenspeatenspmeatenspegenspsomeenspSeventhenspDayenspAdventistenspChurchenspmembers

ensp enspFoodenspinsecurity Thisenspmayensplimitensptheenspnumberenspofenspmealsenspandensptheensptypeenspofenspfoodenspeaten

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

7Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

4ensp DiagnosisTheenspfollowingenspexamplesenspmayenspbeenspusedenspasenspaenspguideenspforenspcommonenspPESSenspstatementsensplsquoProblemsrsquoenspareensptakenenspfromensptheenspNutritional Diagnosis Terminology eNCPT 2014enspwhichenspisenspavailableenspfreeenspinensptheenspmembersrsquoenspsectionenspofensptheenspDietitiansenspAssociationenspofenspAustraliaenspwebsite

ExamplesenspofenspcommonenspProblemsensp(P)enspforenspPESSenspstatements Commonensp(A)Etiologiesensp(E)enspforenspPESSenspstatements

Overweightenspandenspobesity

bullensp enspExcessiveenspenergyenspintakeensp(NI-13)bullensp enspExcessiveensporalenspintakeensp(NI-22)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspUnintendedenspweightenspgainensp(NC-34)bullensp enspOverweightobesityensp(NC-33) Please note that due to the different body composition of Pacific Islanders different BMI classes could apply

bullensp enspConsumptionenspofensplargeenspportionenspsizesenspofenspenergyenspdenseenspfoodsensp(egensppotatoesenspbreadenspandenspdumplings)ensp(NI-22enspNI-NI-13enspNC-33enspNC-34)

bullensp enspLackenspofenspstructuredenspmealensptimesensp(NI-584)bullensp enspHighenspintakeenspofenspfoodsensphighenspinenspsaturatedenspfatensp(egensp

untrimmedenspmeatsenspdeepenspfriedensphomeenspcookedenspandensptakeawayenspfoods)ensp(NI-573enspNI-562)

bullensp enspPreferenceenspforensphighlyenspseasonedenspfoodsenspandensplargeenspamountsenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspduringenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableensp(NI-5102)

bullensp enspTraditionalenspdietenspwithensplowenspintakeenspofensphighenspironenspfoodsenspandenspnoenspsupplementationensp(NI-5101)

bullensp enspHighenspconsumptionenspofensptakeawayenspfoodsensp(NI-13enspNI-562enspNI-5102)

bullensp enspRelianceensponensptraditionalenspknowledgeenspandensplittleenspaccessensptoenspgovernmentenspgeneratedenspdietaryenspinformationensporenspcampaignsensp(NB-11)

bullensp enspLowenspconsumptionenspofenspfibreenspcontainingenspfoodsenspsuchenspasenspfruitenspvegetablesenspandenspwholeenspgrainsensp(NI-585)

NoteenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspidentifyensptheenspunderlyingenspcausesenspofenspeatingenspbehaviours

Typeensp2enspdiabetesenspandenspgestationalenspdiabetes

bullensp enspInconsistentenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-584)enspbullensp enspExcessiveenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-582)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspcarbohydrateenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp

(specifyenspegensphighenspconsumptionenspofensphighenspGIenspstarchesenspsuchenspasenspwhiteensprice)ensp(NI-583)

Cardiovascularenspdisease

bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspfatenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp(specifyenspegensp

highenspsaturatedenspfatenspintake)ensp(NI-563)bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)

Chronicenspkidneyenspdiseaseensp

bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfluidenspintakeensp(NI-32)bullensp enspExcessiveenspproteinenspintakeensp(NI-32)

General bullensp enspFood-enspandenspnutrition-relatedenspknowledgeenspdeficitensp(NB-11)bullensp enspInadequateenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspironensp(NI-5101)bullensp enspImpairedenspabilityensptoenspprepareenspfoodsmealsensp(NI-24)bullensp enspInadequateenspfibreenspintakeensp(NI-585)

enspPESSenspProblemensp(A)EtiologyenspSignsenspandenspSymptoms

ForensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensp(SS)enspforenspPESSenspstatementsenspuseenspstandardenspclinicalenspmeasurementsenspMakeenspsureensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensprelateensptoensptheenspidentifiedenspProblemsenspandenspnotensptheirensp(A)Etiologies

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

5Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

FoodensphabitsenspinenspAustralia

Foodensppractices MealensppatternsenspThreeenspmainenspmealsenspareenspcommonlyenspeatenenspwithenspsomeensppeopleenspalsoenspconsumingenspsnacksenspinenspbetweenenspmainenspmealsenspThisenspmayenspbeenspcutenspdownensptoensponeenspmainenspmealenspperenspdayenspdependingensponenspfinancesenspLargeenspservingsenspareenspquiteenspcommonenspatenspmainenspmealsensp

EatingensppracticesenspEldersenspandenspchildrenenspareensprespectedenspandenspmayenspeatenspbeforeenspothersenspMāorienspcanenspbeenspveryenspspiritualenspandenspblessenspmealsenspbyenspgivingenspthanksenspbeforeensptheyenspareenspeatenenspOnceenspfoodenspisenspblessedenspindividualsenspcanenspstartensptheirenspmealensptheyenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspwaitenspuntilenspeveryoneenspisenspseatedenspatensptheensptableenspwithensptheirenspmealenspbeforeensptheyenspbeginensptoenspeatenspItenspisenspoftenenspexpectedenspthatenspeachensppersonenspwillenspfinishenspallensptheenspfoodensponensptheirenspplateensporenspotherenspfamilyenspmembersenspwillensphelpenspthemenspfinishenspsoenspthereenspisenspnoenspfoodenspwastedenspMealsenspareenspconsumedenspatensptheensptableenspwithenspfamily

GardeningenspGrowingenspvegetablesenspatensphomeenspwasenspcommonenspamongstenspolderenspgenerationsenspinenspAustraliaenspbutenspthisenspisenspdecreasingenspTheenspmostenspcommonenspvegetablesenspgrownenspareensppurpleenspandenspyellowenspMāoriensppotatoesensp(kumara)

AdaptationsensptoenspdietenspinenspAustralia

SubstituteenspfoodsenspSweetensppotatoenspandensptaroenspcanenspbeenspsubstitutedenspforenspkumaraenspWatercressenspisenspusedenspasenspanenspalternativeensptoensppuhaenspIfenspsnapperenspheadsenspareenspnotenspavailableenspforenspfish-headenspstewenspthenenspsmokedenspeelensptroutenspmulletensporenspsalmonenspheadsenspmayenspbeenspusedensp

ChangesensptoenspdietenspSomeenspchildrenensptakeensppackedenspschoolensplunchesenspbutenspmanyenspareenspgivenenspmoneyensptoenspspendensponensptheirenspchoiceenspofenspfoodsenspatensptheensptuckshopenspManyenspmembersenspofensptheenspMāoriensppopulationensphaveenspadaptedensptoenspWesternenspwaysenspofenspeatingenspSnacksenspareenspcommonenspamongstenspschool-ageenspchildrenenspandenspmayenspincludeenspchipsenspmueslienspbarsenspfruitenspandenspbiscuitsenspMāorienspbreadensp(rewena)enspisenspgenerallyenspmadeenspwithenspdriedenspyeastenspinenspAustralia

BeveragesenspSoftenspdrinkenspcordialenspwaterenspandenspfruitenspjuiceenspareenspfrequentlyenspconsumedenspInenspNewenspZealandenspinensp2009ensp42enspofenspMāorienspmalesenspandensp29enspofenspMāorienspfemalesenspdrankenspsoftenspdrinksensporenspenergyenspdrinksenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

OtherenspinfluencesenspDuringenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspmanyenspparticipantsenspreportedenspconsumingensptakeawaysenspatenspleastensponceenspaenspweekenspCommonensptakeawayenspoptionsenspincludeenspfishenspandenspchipsenspKFCenspMcDonaldsenspandenspHungryenspJacksenspThisenspisenspconsistentenspwithensptheensp200809enspNewenspZealandenspAdultenspNutritionenspSurveyrsquosenspfindingenspthatensp50enspofenspMāorienspmenenspandensp46enspofenspwomenenspinenspNewenspZealandenspateenspfastenspfoodenspandensptakeawaysenspthreeensporenspmoreensptimesenspaenspweek14ensp

Cookingenspmethodsensp Boilingenspfryingenspsteamingenspandenspduringenspcelebrationsensptheensptraditionalenspmethodenspofenspcookingenspmeatenspandenspvegetablesenspinensptheenspgroundenspwithensphotenspstonesensp(hangi)enspmayenspbeenspused

Shoppingmealensppreparation

BothenspmenenspandenspwomenenspparticipateenspinenspshoppingenspandenspmealensppreparationenspMenenspmayenspperformensptheensplabour-intensiveensptasksenspofenspcookingenspandensppreparationenspincludingensppreparationenspforensptheensphangienspWomenenspandenspchildrenenspmayensptakeensponensptasksenspsuchenspasensppeelingensppotatoesenspshellingenspmusselsenspmakingenspbreadenspsettingensptablesenspandenspwashingenspup

Foodenspinensppregnancyensp InenspNewenspZealandensppoorenspdietensphasenspbeenenspidentifiedenspforenspwomenenspbothenspduringenspandenspafterensppregnancy14enspContributingenspfactorsenspincludeensptheenspadoptionenspofenspaenspWesternenspdietenspandensptheensplossenspofensptraditionalenspfoodenspsourcesenspasenspwellenspasensppoorerenspeconomicenspandenspsocialenspstatusenspTheenspnutritionenspissuesenspthatenspmayenspbeenspofenspmostenspconcernenspforenspMāorienspwomenenspduringensppregnancyenspandenspbreastfeedingenspincludeensplowenspcalciumenspironenspandenspfolateenspintakesenspandensphighenspfatenspandenspsugarenspintakes14ensp

Breastfeedingenspandenspfirstenspfoods

BreastfeedingenspInenspNewenspZealandenspbreastfeedingenspratesenspforenspMāorienspPacificenspandenspAsianenspcommunitiesenspareenspsignificantlyensplowerenspthanenspthoseenspofenspotherenspNewenspZealanders15enspInenspcommunityenspconsultationsenspwithinensptheenspSouthenspBrisbaneenspMāorienspcommunityenspforenspthisenspresourceenspparticipantsenspreportedenspthatenspbreastfeedingenspwasensphighlyenspvaluedenspandenspcommonenspwithenspbabiesenspbeingenspbreastfedenspforensp6ndash12enspmonths

IntroductionenspofenspsolidsenspSomeenspcommonenspfirstenspfoodsenspincludeensppureacuteedenspfruitenspandenspvegetablesenspandenspsoftenspcerealsenspSomeenspMāorienspmothersenspmayenspintroduceenspsolidsenspasenspearlyenspasenspthreeenspmonthsensp

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

6 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

During the consultation3ensp Assessment

Keyenspconsiderationsbullensp enspAnthropometryenspItenspisenspparticularlyenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspsomeoneenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundenspasenspwellenspasenspexplainingensp

whatenspyouenspwillenspdoenspandenspwhyenspyouenspareenspdoingenspitenspInenspMāorienspcultureensptheenspheadenspisensptheenspmostenspsacredensppartenspofensptheenspbodyensp(forenspadultsenspandenspchildren)enspsoenspitenspisenspveryenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspitenspforenspanyenspreason1ensp

bullensp enspBecauseenspofensptheenspinterconnectednessenspofenspMāorienspwithenspfamilyenspasenspwellenspasenspbringingenspfamilyenspmembersensptoenspappointmentsensptheenspclientenspmayenspneedensptoenspconsultenspwithenspthemenspduringensptheenspappointmentenspTheenspfamilyenspmemberenspmayenspevenenspwantensptoenspspeakensponenspbehalfenspofensptheenspclientenspandenspthisenspisenspculturallyenspappropriate1ensp

bullensp enspMealensppatternsenspHowenspmealsenspareenspdefinedenspvariesenspbetweenenspculturesenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspaskenspmoreenspgenerallyenspaboutenspwhenenspfoodenspandenspbeveragesenspareenspconsumedenspthroughoutensptheenspdayenspratherenspthanenspsetenspmealensppatternsensp(breakfastensplunchenspandenspdinner)enspCheckensptheenspfrequencyenspofensptakeawaysenspandenspsnackenspfoodenspconsumptionensp

Whenensptakingenspaenspdietensphistoryenspbeenspsureensptoenspcheckensptheenspfollowing

Prompt Why

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspvegetablesenspconsumed Thereenspmayenspbeensplowensptotalenspvegetableenspconsumption

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspfruitsenspconsumed FruitenspconsumptionenspmayenspbeensplowensporensphighenspdependingensponensppreferencesenspCheckensptheenspformenspofenspfruitenspconsumed

ensp Amountenspofenspaddedenspoilenspandenspfatsensptoenspfoods Theseenspareenspusedenspforenspcookingenspandenspseasoning

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsweetenspfoodsenspconsumedensp(egenspbiscuitsenspcakesenspsweetenedenspbeveragesenspandenspcelebrationenspfoods)

Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Useenspofenspsaucesenspandenspcondimentsensphighenspinenspsalt Consumptionenspofenspsoyenspsauceenspandensptheenspuseenspofenspsaltenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptable Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Takeawayssoftenspdrinkenspconsumption ConsumptionenspmayenspbeensphighenspHighenspsugarensphighenspfatenspWesternenspfoodsenspareenspconsideredenspdesirable

ensp enspAmountensptypeenspandenspcookingenspmethodenspofenspmeats FattyenspcutsenspofenspmeatenspmayenspbeenspfrequentlyenspusedenspFatenspmayenspnotenspbeensptrimmedensppriorensptoenspcooking

ensp enspSnackenspfrequencyensptypeenspandenspamount SnackingenspbehavioursenspmayenspbecomeenspmoreenspcommonenspinenspAustralia

ensp enspPortionenspsizesensp(especiallyenspofenspdiscretionaryenspfoods) Portionenspsizesenspmayenspbeensplarge

ensp enspDietaryenspchangesenspdueensptoenspculturalensporenspreligiousenspevents SomeenspcommunityenspmembersenspmayenspnotenspeatenspmeatenspegenspsomeenspSeventhenspDayenspAdventistenspChurchenspmembers

ensp enspFoodenspinsecurity Thisenspmayensplimitensptheenspnumberenspofenspmealsenspandensptheensptypeenspofenspfoodenspeaten

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

7Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

4ensp DiagnosisTheenspfollowingenspexamplesenspmayenspbeenspusedenspasenspaenspguideenspforenspcommonenspPESSenspstatementsensplsquoProblemsrsquoenspareensptakenenspfromensptheenspNutritional Diagnosis Terminology eNCPT 2014enspwhichenspisenspavailableenspfreeenspinensptheenspmembersrsquoenspsectionenspofensptheenspDietitiansenspAssociationenspofenspAustraliaenspwebsite

ExamplesenspofenspcommonenspProblemsensp(P)enspforenspPESSenspstatements Commonensp(A)Etiologiesensp(E)enspforenspPESSenspstatements

Overweightenspandenspobesity

bullensp enspExcessiveenspenergyenspintakeensp(NI-13)bullensp enspExcessiveensporalenspintakeensp(NI-22)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspUnintendedenspweightenspgainensp(NC-34)bullensp enspOverweightobesityensp(NC-33) Please note that due to the different body composition of Pacific Islanders different BMI classes could apply

bullensp enspConsumptionenspofensplargeenspportionenspsizesenspofenspenergyenspdenseenspfoodsensp(egensppotatoesenspbreadenspandenspdumplings)ensp(NI-22enspNI-NI-13enspNC-33enspNC-34)

bullensp enspLackenspofenspstructuredenspmealensptimesensp(NI-584)bullensp enspHighenspintakeenspofenspfoodsensphighenspinenspsaturatedenspfatensp(egensp

untrimmedenspmeatsenspdeepenspfriedensphomeenspcookedenspandensptakeawayenspfoods)ensp(NI-573enspNI-562)

bullensp enspPreferenceenspforensphighlyenspseasonedenspfoodsenspandensplargeenspamountsenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspduringenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableensp(NI-5102)

bullensp enspTraditionalenspdietenspwithensplowenspintakeenspofensphighenspironenspfoodsenspandenspnoenspsupplementationensp(NI-5101)

bullensp enspHighenspconsumptionenspofensptakeawayenspfoodsensp(NI-13enspNI-562enspNI-5102)

bullensp enspRelianceensponensptraditionalenspknowledgeenspandensplittleenspaccessensptoenspgovernmentenspgeneratedenspdietaryenspinformationensporenspcampaignsensp(NB-11)

bullensp enspLowenspconsumptionenspofenspfibreenspcontainingenspfoodsenspsuchenspasenspfruitenspvegetablesenspandenspwholeenspgrainsensp(NI-585)

NoteenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspidentifyensptheenspunderlyingenspcausesenspofenspeatingenspbehaviours

Typeensp2enspdiabetesenspandenspgestationalenspdiabetes

bullensp enspInconsistentenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-584)enspbullensp enspExcessiveenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-582)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspcarbohydrateenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp

(specifyenspegensphighenspconsumptionenspofensphighenspGIenspstarchesenspsuchenspasenspwhiteensprice)ensp(NI-583)

Cardiovascularenspdisease

bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspfatenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp(specifyenspegensp

highenspsaturatedenspfatenspintake)ensp(NI-563)bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)

Chronicenspkidneyenspdiseaseensp

bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfluidenspintakeensp(NI-32)bullensp enspExcessiveenspproteinenspintakeensp(NI-32)

General bullensp enspFood-enspandenspnutrition-relatedenspknowledgeenspdeficitensp(NB-11)bullensp enspInadequateenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspironensp(NI-5101)bullensp enspImpairedenspabilityensptoenspprepareenspfoodsmealsensp(NI-24)bullensp enspInadequateenspfibreenspintakeensp(NI-585)

enspPESSenspProblemensp(A)EtiologyenspSignsenspandenspSymptoms

ForensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensp(SS)enspforenspPESSenspstatementsenspuseenspstandardenspclinicalenspmeasurementsenspMakeenspsureensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensprelateensptoensptheenspidentifiedenspProblemsenspandenspnotensptheirensp(A)Etiologies

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

6 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

During the consultation3ensp Assessment

Keyenspconsiderationsbullensp enspAnthropometryenspItenspisenspparticularlyenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspsomeoneenspwithenspaenspMāorienspbackgroundenspasenspwellenspasenspexplainingensp

whatenspyouenspwillenspdoenspandenspwhyenspyouenspareenspdoingenspitenspInenspMāorienspcultureensptheenspheadenspisensptheenspmostenspsacredensppartenspofensptheenspbodyensp(forenspadultsenspandenspchildren)enspsoenspitenspisenspveryenspimportantensptoenspaskensppermissionenspbeforeensptouchingenspitenspforenspanyenspreason1ensp

bullensp enspBecauseenspofensptheenspinterconnectednessenspofenspMāorienspwithenspfamilyenspasenspwellenspasenspbringingenspfamilyenspmembersensptoenspappointmentsensptheenspclientenspmayenspneedensptoenspconsultenspwithenspthemenspduringensptheenspappointmentenspTheenspfamilyenspmemberenspmayenspevenenspwantensptoenspspeakensponenspbehalfenspofensptheenspclientenspandenspthisenspisenspculturallyenspappropriate1ensp

bullensp enspMealensppatternsenspHowenspmealsenspareenspdefinedenspvariesenspbetweenenspculturesenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspaskenspmoreenspgenerallyenspaboutenspwhenenspfoodenspandenspbeveragesenspareenspconsumedenspthroughoutensptheenspdayenspratherenspthanenspsetenspmealensppatternsensp(breakfastensplunchenspandenspdinner)enspCheckensptheenspfrequencyenspofensptakeawaysenspandenspsnackenspfoodenspconsumptionensp

Whenensptakingenspaenspdietensphistoryenspbeenspsureensptoenspcheckensptheenspfollowing

Prompt Why

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspvegetablesenspconsumed Thereenspmayenspbeensplowensptotalenspvegetableenspconsumption

ensp Amountenspandensptypesenspofenspfruitsenspconsumed FruitenspconsumptionenspmayenspbeensplowensporensphighenspdependingensponensppreferencesenspCheckensptheenspformenspofenspfruitenspconsumed

ensp Amountenspofenspaddedenspoilenspandenspfatsensptoenspfoods Theseenspareenspusedenspforenspcookingenspandenspseasoning

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsweetenspfoodsenspconsumedensp(egenspbiscuitsenspcakesenspsweetenedenspbeveragesenspandenspcelebrationenspfoods)

Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Useenspofenspsaucesenspandenspcondimentsensphighenspinenspsalt Consumptionenspofenspsoyenspsauceenspandensptheenspuseenspofenspsaltenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp enspAmountenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspinenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptable Consumptionenspmayenspbeensphigh

ensp Takeawayssoftenspdrinkenspconsumption ConsumptionenspmayenspbeensphighenspHighenspsugarensphighenspfatenspWesternenspfoodsenspareenspconsideredenspdesirable

ensp enspAmountensptypeenspandenspcookingenspmethodenspofenspmeats FattyenspcutsenspofenspmeatenspmayenspbeenspfrequentlyenspusedenspFatenspmayenspnotenspbeensptrimmedensppriorensptoenspcooking

ensp enspSnackenspfrequencyensptypeenspandenspamount SnackingenspbehavioursenspmayenspbecomeenspmoreenspcommonenspinenspAustralia

ensp enspPortionenspsizesensp(especiallyenspofenspdiscretionaryenspfoods) Portionenspsizesenspmayenspbeensplarge

ensp enspDietaryenspchangesenspdueensptoenspculturalensporenspreligiousenspevents SomeenspcommunityenspmembersenspmayenspnotenspeatenspmeatenspegenspsomeenspSeventhenspDayenspAdventistenspChurchenspmembers

ensp enspFoodenspinsecurity Thisenspmayensplimitensptheenspnumberenspofenspmealsenspandensptheensptypeenspofenspfoodenspeaten

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

7Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

4ensp DiagnosisTheenspfollowingenspexamplesenspmayenspbeenspusedenspasenspaenspguideenspforenspcommonenspPESSenspstatementsensplsquoProblemsrsquoenspareensptakenenspfromensptheenspNutritional Diagnosis Terminology eNCPT 2014enspwhichenspisenspavailableenspfreeenspinensptheenspmembersrsquoenspsectionenspofensptheenspDietitiansenspAssociationenspofenspAustraliaenspwebsite

ExamplesenspofenspcommonenspProblemsensp(P)enspforenspPESSenspstatements Commonensp(A)Etiologiesensp(E)enspforenspPESSenspstatements

Overweightenspandenspobesity

bullensp enspExcessiveenspenergyenspintakeensp(NI-13)bullensp enspExcessiveensporalenspintakeensp(NI-22)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspUnintendedenspweightenspgainensp(NC-34)bullensp enspOverweightobesityensp(NC-33) Please note that due to the different body composition of Pacific Islanders different BMI classes could apply

bullensp enspConsumptionenspofensplargeenspportionenspsizesenspofenspenergyenspdenseenspfoodsensp(egensppotatoesenspbreadenspandenspdumplings)ensp(NI-22enspNI-NI-13enspNC-33enspNC-34)

bullensp enspLackenspofenspstructuredenspmealensptimesensp(NI-584)bullensp enspHighenspintakeenspofenspfoodsensphighenspinenspsaturatedenspfatensp(egensp

untrimmedenspmeatsenspdeepenspfriedensphomeenspcookedenspandensptakeawayenspfoods)ensp(NI-573enspNI-562)

bullensp enspPreferenceenspforensphighlyenspseasonedenspfoodsenspandensplargeenspamountsenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspduringenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableensp(NI-5102)

bullensp enspTraditionalenspdietenspwithensplowenspintakeenspofensphighenspironenspfoodsenspandenspnoenspsupplementationensp(NI-5101)

bullensp enspHighenspconsumptionenspofensptakeawayenspfoodsensp(NI-13enspNI-562enspNI-5102)

bullensp enspRelianceensponensptraditionalenspknowledgeenspandensplittleenspaccessensptoenspgovernmentenspgeneratedenspdietaryenspinformationensporenspcampaignsensp(NB-11)

bullensp enspLowenspconsumptionenspofenspfibreenspcontainingenspfoodsenspsuchenspasenspfruitenspvegetablesenspandenspwholeenspgrainsensp(NI-585)

NoteenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspidentifyensptheenspunderlyingenspcausesenspofenspeatingenspbehaviours

Typeensp2enspdiabetesenspandenspgestationalenspdiabetes

bullensp enspInconsistentenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-584)enspbullensp enspExcessiveenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-582)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspcarbohydrateenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp

(specifyenspegensphighenspconsumptionenspofensphighenspGIenspstarchesenspsuchenspasenspwhiteensprice)ensp(NI-583)

Cardiovascularenspdisease

bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspfatenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp(specifyenspegensp

highenspsaturatedenspfatenspintake)ensp(NI-563)bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)

Chronicenspkidneyenspdiseaseensp

bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfluidenspintakeensp(NI-32)bullensp enspExcessiveenspproteinenspintakeensp(NI-32)

General bullensp enspFood-enspandenspnutrition-relatedenspknowledgeenspdeficitensp(NB-11)bullensp enspInadequateenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspironensp(NI-5101)bullensp enspImpairedenspabilityensptoenspprepareenspfoodsmealsensp(NI-24)bullensp enspInadequateenspfibreenspintakeensp(NI-585)

enspPESSenspProblemensp(A)EtiologyenspSignsenspandenspSymptoms

ForensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensp(SS)enspforenspPESSenspstatementsenspuseenspstandardenspclinicalenspmeasurementsenspMakeenspsureensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensprelateensptoensptheenspidentifiedenspProblemsenspandenspnotensptheirensp(A)Etiologies

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

7Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

4ensp DiagnosisTheenspfollowingenspexamplesenspmayenspbeenspusedenspasenspaenspguideenspforenspcommonenspPESSenspstatementsensplsquoProblemsrsquoenspareensptakenenspfromensptheenspNutritional Diagnosis Terminology eNCPT 2014enspwhichenspisenspavailableenspfreeenspinensptheenspmembersrsquoenspsectionenspofensptheenspDietitiansenspAssociationenspofenspAustraliaenspwebsite

ExamplesenspofenspcommonenspProblemsensp(P)enspforenspPESSenspstatements Commonensp(A)Etiologiesensp(E)enspforenspPESSenspstatements

Overweightenspandenspobesity

bullensp enspExcessiveenspenergyenspintakeensp(NI-13)bullensp enspExcessiveensporalenspintakeensp(NI-22)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspUnintendedenspweightenspgainensp(NC-34)bullensp enspOverweightobesityensp(NC-33) Please note that due to the different body composition of Pacific Islanders different BMI classes could apply

bullensp enspConsumptionenspofensplargeenspportionenspsizesenspofenspenergyenspdenseenspfoodsensp(egensppotatoesenspbreadenspandenspdumplings)ensp(NI-22enspNI-NI-13enspNC-33enspNC-34)

bullensp enspLackenspofenspstructuredenspmealensptimesensp(NI-584)bullensp enspHighenspintakeenspofenspfoodsensphighenspinenspsaturatedenspfatensp(egensp

untrimmedenspmeatsenspdeepenspfriedensphomeenspcookedenspandensptakeawayenspfoods)ensp(NI-573enspNI-562)

bullensp enspPreferenceenspforensphighlyenspseasonedenspfoodsenspandensplargeenspamountsenspofenspsaltenspaddedenspduringenspcookingenspandenspatensptheensptableensp(NI-5102)

bullensp enspTraditionalenspdietenspwithensplowenspintakeenspofensphighenspironenspfoodsenspandenspnoenspsupplementationensp(NI-5101)

bullensp enspHighenspconsumptionenspofensptakeawayenspfoodsensp(NI-13enspNI-562enspNI-5102)

bullensp enspRelianceensponensptraditionalenspknowledgeenspandensplittleenspaccessensptoenspgovernmentenspgeneratedenspdietaryenspinformationensporenspcampaignsensp(NB-11)

bullensp enspLowenspconsumptionenspofenspfibreenspcontainingenspfoodsenspsuchenspasenspfruitenspvegetablesenspandenspwholeenspgrainsensp(NI-585)

NoteenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspidentifyensptheenspunderlyingenspcausesenspofenspeatingenspbehaviours

Typeensp2enspdiabetesenspandenspgestationalenspdiabetes

bullensp enspInconsistentenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-584)enspbullensp enspExcessiveenspcarbohydrateenspintakeensp(NI-582)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspcarbohydrateenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp

(specifyenspegensphighenspconsumptionenspofensphighenspGIenspstarchesenspsuchenspasenspwhiteensprice)ensp(NI-583)

Cardiovascularenspdisease

bullensp enspExcessiveenspfatenspintakeensp(NI-562)bullensp enspIntakeenspofensptypesenspofenspfatenspinconsistentenspwithenspneedsensp(specifyenspegensp

highenspsaturatedenspfatenspintake)ensp(NI-563)bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)

Chronicenspkidneyenspdiseaseensp

bullensp enspExcessiveenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspsodiumensp(NI-5102)bullensp enspExcessiveenspfluidenspintakeensp(NI-32)bullensp enspExcessiveenspproteinenspintakeensp(NI-32)

General bullensp enspFood-enspandenspnutrition-relatedenspknowledgeenspdeficitensp(NB-11)bullensp enspInadequateenspmineralenspintakeenspndashenspironensp(NI-5101)bullensp enspImpairedenspabilityensptoenspprepareenspfoodsmealsensp(NI-24)bullensp enspInadequateenspfibreenspintakeensp(NI-585)

enspPESSenspProblemensp(A)EtiologyenspSignsenspandenspSymptoms

ForensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensp(SS)enspforenspPESSenspstatementsenspuseenspstandardenspclinicalenspmeasurementsenspMakeenspsureensptheenspSignsenspandenspSymptomsensprelateensptoensptheenspidentifiedenspProblemsenspandenspnotensptheirensp(A)Etiologies

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

8 Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

5ensp InterventionNutritionenspeducation

Motivatingenspfactorsenspforenspaensphealthyensplifestyle

BecauseenspfamilyensplinksenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspMāoriensppeopleenspareensplikelyensptoenspbeenspmotivatedensptoenspbeenspfitenspandensphealthyensptoenspfulfilenspfamilyenspandenspcommunityenspobligationsenspincludingensplookingenspafterenspchildrenenspTheenspabilityensptoenspexcelenspatenspsportenspmayenspalsoenspbeenspaenspmotivatingenspfactorenspforenspyoungenspmales

Preferredenspeducationenspmethods

CounsellingenspstyleenspItenspisenspimportantensptoenspbuildensppositiveensprapportenspespeciallyenspwithenspyoungenspMāorienspclientsensp

ManyenspMāoriensphaveenspaensppreferenceenspforenspavoidingenspdisagreementsenspbecauseenspharmonyenspandensprespectenspareensphighlyenspvaluedenspTheyenspmayenspbeensplessensplikelyensptoenspchallengeensptreatmentenspplansensporenspaskenspquestionsenspbutensptheirenspsilenceenspdoesenspnotenspnecessarilyenspimplyenspunderstandingensporenspagreementensponensptheirensppart1enspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspbetterensptoenspuseenspopenenspquestionsenspaboutenspwhatensphasenspbeenenspunderstoodenspandenspwhatenspactionenspisenspsupportedensp

BeenspawareenspthatenspyouenspdoenspnotenspneedensptoenspprolongenspeyeenspcontactenspMāorienspoftenenspsayenspldquoWeensplistenenspwithenspourenspearsenspnotenspourenspeyesrdquoenspManyenspMāorienspwillensplookenspatenspaenspneutralenspspotenspratherenspthanensptheenspspeakerenspinensporderensptoenspfocusensponenspwhatenspisenspbeingenspsaidenspratherenspthanenspbeingenspinfluencedenspbyensptheenspspeakerrsquosenspappearanceenspSustainedenspeyeenspcontactenspcanenspbeenspinterpretedenspasenspaenspsignenspofenspdisrespect1ensp

Literacyensplevels MostenspMāorienspareenspliterateenspinenspEnglish

Healthenspbeliefs Holisticensphealthenspbeliefsenspcentreensponenspidentityenspfamilyenspspiritualityenspandenspculture

SomeenspMāorienspmayenspuseensptraditionalenspmedicineensp(rongoa)enspandensptherapeuticenspmassageensp(mirimiri)ensptoenspcomplementenspAustralianenspmedicineensp

6ensp MonitoringenspandenspevaluationMethodsenspforenspmonitoringenspbullensp enspFamilyenspandenspcommunityenspareenspintegralenspcomponentsenspofensptheenspMāorienspcultureenspwithensptheenspindividualenspbeingenspseenenspinensptheenspcontextenspofensptheirenspfamilyenspandensp

communityenspThereforeenspthisenspmayenspbeenspusefulenspinenspconsideringenspmethodsenspofenspmeasuringenspchangeenspandenspreinforcingensptheenspbenefitsenspofenspcontinuedenspdietaryenspcomplianceenspMotivatorsenspareensplikelyensptoenspincludeenspbeingenspableensptoenspworkensptoenspbringenspinenspmoneyenspforensptheenspfamilyensptheenspindividualrsquosenspabilityensptoenspappropriatelyenspcareenspforensptheirenspfamilyenspandorensptoenspsupportensptheirenspcommunityensp

bullensp enspRelationshipenspbuildingenspisenspimportantenspAenspphoneenspcallenspbetweenenspappointmentsenspmayenspassistenspinenspbuildingensptrustenspandensprapportenspandenspmayenspincreaseensptheensplikelihoodenspofensptheenspclientenspreturningensptoensptheenspservice

bullensp enspCheckenspwhetherensptheenspclientensphasenspaccessensptoensptransportensp(especiallyenspifenspreferringensptoenspanenspoutpatientenspclinic)enspotherwiseenspphoneenspfollow-upenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateenspbutensptakeenspintoenspaccountensptheenspcommonensppreferenceenspforenspface-to-faceenspcommunicationensp

bullensp enspIfensprequiredenspconfirmensptheenspclientrsquosensppreferenceenspforensphavingenspanenspinterpreterensppresentenspatensptheirenspnextenspappointmentenspForenspshortenspfollow-upenspconsultationsensptelephoneenspinterpretingenspservicesenspmayenspbeenspmoreenspappropriateensp

bullensp enspEncourageenspmenensptoenspbringensptheirenspwivesensptoenspattendenspfollow-upenspappointmentsenspsoenspthatenspwivesenspcanenspsupportenspdietaryenspchangeenspandenspbeenspinvolvedenspinensppreparingenspappropriateenspfoods

bullensp enspBeenspawareenspthatenspclientsenspmayenspprovideensppositiveenspanswersenspregardingenspcomplianceenspoutenspofensppolitenessenspForenspthisenspreasonenspitenspisenspimportantensptoenspexplainensptheensppurposeenspofensptheenspreviewenspandenspaskenspprobingenspquestionsensponenspbehaviourenspchangeenspStressenspthatenspthereenspareenspnoensprightensporenspwrongenspanswersensptoenspencourageenspopenenspconversationenspwithoutenspfearenspofenspjudgement

Additionalenspresources

bullensp enspQueenslandenspHealthenspWorking with Interpreters Guidelinesensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalinterpretersguidelines_intpdf)ensp

bullensp enspToenspfindenspoutenspmoreenspaboutenspmulticulturalensphealthenspQueenslandenspHealthrsquosenspMulticulturalenspHealthensppageensphasenspinformationenspforensptheensppublicenspandenspforensphealthenspworkersenspincludingensptheenspMulticulturalensphealthenspframeworkenspGoensptoensphttpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturaldefaultaspensp

bullensp enspMedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandensp2008enspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf

bullensp enspHeartensphealthensppromotionenspwebsiteenspforenspMāorisensp(resourcesenspcanenspbeenspordered)ensphttpwwwtehotumanawaorgnzindexcfm

This information is to be used as a guide and is not intended to describe all members of the community There will be cultural differences between people belonging to different regions religions and social groups as well as between individuals within any culture

9Māorienspfoodenspandenspculturalenspprofileenspdieteticenspconsultationenspguide

bullensp enspInformationensptoenspassistenspinenspworkingenspwithenspyoungensppeopleenspandenspfamiliesenspfromenspMāorienspbackgroundsensphttpwwwdjjnswgovaupdf_htmpublicationsgeneralTagata_finalpdf

bullensp enspHealthyenspfoodenspforenspdiabetesensphttpwwwdiabetesorgnz__dataassetspdf_file00102404Healthy-Foodpdf

bullensp enspHealthyenspeatingenspforenspadultenspMāorisensphttpswwwhealthedgovtnzsearchtopic[0]=23amptype=resourceampmode=picture-viewensp

Referencesensp1ensp MedicalenspCouncilenspofenspNewenspZealandenspBestensphealthenspoutcomesenspforenspMāorienspPracticeenspimplicationsensp2008ensp(httpswwwmcnzorgnzassetsNews-and-

PublicationsStatementsBest-health-outcomes-for-Maoripdf)ensp

2ensp HistoryenspGroupenspofensptheenspNewenspZealandenspMinistryenspforenspCultureenspandenspHeritageensp100enspMāorienspwordsenspthatenspeveryenspNewenspZealanderenspshouldenspknowenspNewenspZealandenspHistoryenspwebsiteenspAccessedensp13enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpwwwnzhistorynetnzculturemaori-language-week100-maori-wordsensp

3ensp StatisticsenspNewenspZealandenspCensusenspiwienspgroupenspprofilesenspNewenspZealandenspGovernmentensp2013ensp(httpwwwstatsgovtnzCensus2013-censusprofile-and-summary-reportsiwi-profiles-groupingaspx)

4ensp TheenspEncyclopaediaenspofenspNewenspZealandenspMāorienspoverseasenspndashenspEmigrationensptoenspAustraliaenspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpwwwtearagovtnzenMaori-overseaspage-2ensp

5ensp SBSenspCensusenspExplorerensp(usingensp2011enspABSenspCensusenspdata)enspAccessedensp6enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpwwwsbscomaucensusexplorerensp

6ensp KukutaienspTenspandenspPawarenspSenspAenspSocio-demographicenspProfileenspofenspMaorienspinenspAustraliaenspNIDEAenspWorkingenspPapersenspNoensp3enspUniversityenspofenspWaikatoenspandenspNationalenspInstituteenspofenspDemographicsenspandenspEconomicsensp2013ensp(httpwwwwaikatoacnz__dataassetspdf_file00061568312013-WP3-A-Demographic-Profile-of-Maori-living-in-Australiapdf)

7ensp StatisticsenspNewenspZealandenspNarrowingenspgapenspbetweenenspMāorienspandenspnon-Māoriensplifeenspexpectancyensp2013ensp(httpwwwstatsgovtnzbrowse_for_statshealthlife_expectancyNZLifeTables_MR10-12aspx)

8ensp AustralianenspBureauenspofenspStatisticsensp34120enspndashenspMigrationenspAustraliaensp2013ndash14ensp2015ensp(httpwwwabsgovauausstatsabsnsfmf34120)ensp

9ensp AustralianenspBureauenspofenspStatisticsenspNewenspZealandersenspinenspAustraliaensp2010ensp(httpwwwabsgovauAUSSTATSabsnsfLookup41020Main+Features50Sep+2010)ensp

10ensp QueenslandenspHealthenspTheensphealthenspofenspQueenslandrsquosenspMāoriensppopulationensp2009ensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalhealth_workershealth-data-Maoripdf)ensp

11ensp NewenspZealandenspMinistryenspofenspHealthenspOurensporalensphealthenspkeyenspfindingenspofensptheensp2009enspNewenspZealandenspOralenspHealthenspSurveyensp2009ensp(httpwwwhealthgovtnzpublicationour-oral-health-key-findings-2009-new-zealand-oral-health-survey)ensp

12ensp QueenslandenspHealthenspQueenslandenspHealthenspresponseensptoenspPacificenspIslanderenspandenspMāoriensphealthenspneedsenspassessmentenspDivisionenspofensptheenspChiefenspHealthenspOfficerenspQueenslandenspHealthenspBrisbaneensp2011ensp(httpwwwhealthqldgovaumulticulturalhealth_workersqh-response-datapdf)

13ensp TheenspEncyclopaediaenspofenspNewenspZealandenspEatingenspAccessedensp13enspFebruaryensp2015enspatensphttpwwwtearagovtnzeneatingsources

14ensp MinistryenspofenspHealthenspA Focus on Māori Nutrition Findings from the 200809 New Zealand Adult Nutrition SurveyenspWellingtonenspMinistryenspofenspHealthensp2012ensp(httpwwwhealthgovtnzpublicationfocus-maori-nutrition)ensp

15ensp NationalenspBreastfeedingenspAdvisoryenspCommitteeenspofenspNewenspZealandenspNational Strategic Plan of Action for Breastfeeding 2008ndash2012 National Breastfeeding Advisory Committee of New Zealandrsquos advice to the Director-General of HealthenspWellingtonenspMinistryenspofenspHealthensp2009ensp(httpwwwhealthgovtnzsystemfilesdocumentspublicationsbreastfeeding-action-planpdf)

AcknowledgementsAenspnumberenspofenspQUTenspnutritionenspandenspdieteticsenspstudentsensphaveenspassistedenspinenspcollectingenspcollatingenspandenspformattingenspthisenspresourceenspWeenspwouldenspalsoensplikeensptoenspthankensptheenspBrisbaneenspdietitiansenspwhoenspparticipatedenspinensptheenspFoodenspandenspCulturalenspProfilesenspReferenceenspGroupenspforensptheirenspadviceenspandenspfeedback

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ForenspmoreenspinformationenspcontactAccessenspandenspCapacity-buildingenspTeam

MetroenspSouthenspHealthenspaccessampcapacityhealthqldgovauensp

PleaseenspnoteenspTheenspwebensplinksenspinenspthisenspdocumentenspwereenspcurrentenspasenspatenspMarchensp2015enspUseenspofenspsearchenspenginesenspisensprecommendedenspifensptheensppageenspisenspnotenspfound

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copyenspStateenspofenspQueenslandensp(MetroenspSouthenspHealth)ensp2015