manual transmissions
DESCRIPTION
Manual Transmissions. Sliding Gear Transmission Old school, used from late 1800’s to 1940’s? Has two or more shafts in parallel with sliding spur gears. Sliding Gear Transmission If either gear is rotating, shifting is difficult and gear “clashing” will result. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Sliding Gear Transmission
•Old school, used from late 1800’s to 1940’s?•Has two or more shafts in parallel with sliding spur gears.
![Page 3: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sliding Gear Transmission
•If either gear is rotating, shifting is difficult and gear “clashing” will result.•Some manufacturers may still have a sliding gear for reverse.
![Page 4: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Collar-shift Transmission
•Has two parallel shafts with gears in constant mesh•These “collars” slide on a hub that is splined to the output shaft, thus transferring power.•Gear “clashing” will occur if the gear speeds are not matched by double clutching.
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• The shifter, rather than going straight to the next gear, makes a stop in neutral and then the clutch is released.
• This is to allow the engine to slow down (or with a tap on the gas, speed up when downshifting) so the transition into the next gear is much more smooth.
• The driver then depresses the clutch again and completes the shift into the target gear, and finally the clutch is released again, putting the car back into gear.
![Page 6: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
•Gears are in constant mesh and are collar shifted
•All forward gears are of a helical design
![Page 8: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•Collars are equipped with synchronizers•Synchronizers eliminate the need to
equalize gear speeds before engagement•Used on all current models of cars – may
use a spur gear for reverse
![Page 9: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmissions•Engine torque is applied to the input shaft (clutch shaft) when the clutch is engaged.
•The input shaft is fitted with a gear (input gear or clutch gear)
•The output shaft (main shaft) is inserted into, but rotates independently of the input shaft.
![Page 10: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmissions
The different speed gears (1st, 2nd, 3rd 4th, etc.) rotate on the main shaft.
![Page 11: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmissions•Parallel to (below or beside) the input and output main shaft is the counter shaft
•The counter shaft is fitted with different sized gears.
![Page 12: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmissions
•One gear is in constant mesh with the input shaft gear.
•All of these gears are in constant mesh with the gears on the output shaft except …
![Page 13: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmissions•Gear changes occur when the selected gear is connected to the output shaft.
•This is accomplished by locking a collar onto the selected gear.
•The collars are moved by shift forks.
![Page 14: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Synchromesh Transmission
Switch to ppt #2
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Transmission Components
Input Shaft
![Page 16: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Main (Output) Shaft
![Page 17: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Counter Shaft
![Page 18: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Synchronizer Assembly
![Page 19: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Synchronizer Operation
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Synchronizer Operation
•First, the sleeve is moved toward the gear by the shift lever and engages the hub assembly•Second, the movement of the sleeve causes the inserts to press the blocking ring onto the cone of the gear
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Synchronizer Operation•Third, when the components reach the same speed, the synchronizer sleeve slides over external dog teeth on the blocking ring and over the dog teeth of the speed gear’s shoulder. This action locks the gear to the main shaft.
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Fork and Rail Assembly
![Page 23: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Reverse Idler Gear
![Page 24: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Transmission Operation
Power flow in neutral•The input shaft drives the counter shaft•All of the gears on main shaft rotate•The synchronizers are not engaged with any gear•No power is transferred to the output shaft
![Page 25: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Power flow in first gear
•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The first/second synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the first gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft, through the countershaft, and up to the first gear•The first gear drives the output shaft
![Page 26: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Power flow in second gear•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The first/second synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the second gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft, through the countershaft, and up to the second gear•The second gear drives the output shaft
![Page 27: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Power flow in third gear•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The third/fourth synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the third gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft, through the countershaft, and up to the third gear•The third gear drives the output shaft
![Page 28: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Power flow in fourth gear
•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The third/fourth synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the fourth gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft to the fourth gear•The fourth gear drives the output shaft
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Power flow in fifth gear•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The fifth gear synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the fifth gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft, through the countershaft, and up to the fifth gear•The fifth gear drives the output shaft in overdrive
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Power flow in reverse gear
Reverse is often achieved by adding a third gear
-causing the output shaft to spin in the opposite (same) direction
![Page 31: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Power flow in reverse gear•The power enters the transmission through the input shaft•The reverse gear synchronizer sleeve is engaged with the reverse gear dog teeth•The power is transferred from the input shaft, through the countershaft, through the reverse idler gear, and up to the reverse gear•The reverse gear drives the output shaft in reverse
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GEAR RATIO FINAL
•1st 2.66:1 9.10:1
•2nd 1.78:1 6.10:1
•3rd 1.30:1 4.45:1
•4th 1.00:1 3.42:1
•5th 0.74:1 2.53:1
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Transaxle
A manual trans-axle is almost identical to a manual transmission except:
1. The differential is built into the housing
2. The input shaft incorporates gears 1,2,3 @4
2. The counter-shaft is now the output shaft
3. The gears are generally smaller and pressed fit to facilitate a smaller area.
![Page 34: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Transaxle
![Page 35: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transaxle
Input and output shafts
![Page 36: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Transaxle
First Gear
![Page 37: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
TransaxleFourth Gear
![Page 38: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Transaxle
Reverse
![Page 39: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Transaxle Final Drive
![Page 40: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Shifter Rails
![Page 41: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Interlock System
![Page 42: Manual Transmissions](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56813c28550346895da5a3fd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Fork and Rail Assembly (internal)
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Fluids
… are used to
_ ?
_ ?
…check the manufacturers specifications!