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TANKUser's Guide

Version 2012 (4.0)

March 2012

DSP3D-PE-200107C

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Copyright

Copyright 1994-2012 Intergraph CAS, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement;contains confidential and proprietary information of Intergraph and/or third parties which is protected by copyright law, tradesecret law, and international treaty, and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization fromIntergraph Corporation.

U.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth below. For civilian agencies: This wasdeveloped at private expense and is "restricted computer software" submitted with restricted rights in accordance withsubparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at 52.227-19 of the FederalAcquisition Regulations ("FAR") and its successors, and is unpublished and all rights are reserved under the copyright laws ofthe United States. For units of the Department of Defense ("DoD"): This is "commercial computer software" as defined at DFARS252.227-7014 and the rights of the Government are as specified at DFARS 227.7202-3.

Unpublished - rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.

Intergraph CorporationP.O. Box 240000Huntsville, AL 35813

Terms of Use

Use of this software product is subject to the End User License Agreement ("EULA") delivered with this software product unlessthe licensee has a valid signed license for this software product with Intergraph Corporation. If the licensee has a valid signedlicense for this software product with Intergraph Corporation, the valid signed l icense shall take precedence and govern the use

of this software product. Subject to the terms contained within the applicable license agreement, Intergraph Corporation giveslicensee permission to print a reasonable number of copies of the documentation as defined in the applicable license agreementand delivered with the software product for licensee's internal, non-commercial use. The documentation may not be printed forresale or redistribution.

Warranties and Liabilities

All warranties given by Intergraph Corporation about equipment or software are set forth in the EULA provided with the softwareor applicable license for the software product signed by Intergraph Corporation, and nothing stated in, or implied by, thisdocument or its contents shall be considered or deemed a modification or amendment of such warranties. Intergraph believesthe information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date.

The information and the software discussed in this document are subject to change without notice and are subject to applicabletechnical product descriptions. Intergraph Corporation is not responsible for any error that may appear in this document.

The software discussed in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with theterms of this license. No responsibility is assumed by Intergraph for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is notsupplied by Intergraph or its affiliated companies. THE USER OF THE SOFTWARE IS EXPECTED TO MAKE THE FINALEVALUATION AS TO THE USEFULNESS OF THE SOFTWARE IN HIS OWN ENVIRONMENT.

Intergraph is not responsible for the accuracy of delivered data including, but not limited to, catalog, reference and symbol data.Users should verify for themselves that the data is accurate and suitable for their project work.

Trademarks

Intergraph, the Intergraph logo, PDS, SmartPlant, FrameWorks, I-Convert, I-Export, I-Sketch, SmartMarine, IntelliShip, INtools,ISOGEN, MARIAN, SmartSketch, SPOOLGEN, SupportManager, SupportModeler, COADE, CAESAR II, CADWorx, PV Elite,CODECALC, and TANK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intergraph Corporation or its subsidiaries in the UnitedStates and other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Retek are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other brandsand product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

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TANK User's Guide 3

ContentsWhat's New ................................................................................................................................................... 7

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 9

Program Capabilities ............................................................................................................................... 9

Program Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 11

Computational Control Tab ................................................................................................................... 11Database Definitions Tab ...................................................................................................................... 14

Quick Start ................................................................................................................................................. 17

Starting TANK ....................................................................................................................................... 17TANK Input ............................................................................................................................................ 19

Using the Main Menu ................................................................................................................................. 21

File Menu .............................................................................................................................................. 21Input Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 22

Title Page ....................................................................................................................................... 23

General Tank Data ......................................................................................................................... 23Roof Specification Parameters ....................................................................................................... 34Seismic Data Specifications ........................................................................................................... 43Appendix I - Grillage Review .......................................................................................................... 45Appendix P - Nozzle Stiffnesses .................................................................................................... 46Appendix M - Cycle Life Evaluation ................................................................................................ 49Appendix V - External Pressure ..................................................................................................... 50653 Shell Settlement Data .............................................................................................................. 51

653 Service Measurement Data ..................................................................................................... 52

API-2000 ......................................................................................................................................... 56

Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad .................................................................................................... 57Analyze Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 60

Error Check Only ............................................................................................................................ 60Analyze Only .................................................................................................................................. 60Error Check and Analyze................................................................................................................ 61

Output Menu ......................................................................................................................................... 62Overwrite Reports ........................................................................................................................... 62Append Reports .............................................................................................................................. 62Review Latest Reports ................................................................................................................... 62Local Graphics ................................................................................................................................ 62

Time Stamp .................................................................................................................................... 62Tools Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 63

Material Database Editor ................................................................................................................ 64

Diagnostics Menu.................................................................................................................................. 68ESL Menu ............................................................................................................................................. 70View Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 72Help Menu ............................................................................................................................................. 72

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Contents

4 TANK User's Guide

Building a Tank Vessel ............................................................................................................................. 75

Inputting the Data .................................................................................................................................. 76Starting TANK ................................................................................................................................. 76Define the Tank Data...................................................................................................................... 76Define the Shell Courses ................................................................................................................ 77

Define the Roof Specifications ....................................................................................................... 77

Checking the Input for Errors ................................................................................................................ 79

Warning & Error Options ................................................................................................................ 80Completing the Error Check Phase ................................................................................................ 81

Performing the Analysis/Solution Phase ............................................................................................... 82TANK Program Files ....................................................................................................................... 82Solution Overview ........................................................................................................................... 83

Defining the Graphics Output ................................................................................................................ 85Plot Tank Elevations ....................................................................................................................... 86

Plot Settlements ............................................................................................................................. 87Nozzle Interaction Diagrams .......................................................................................................... 87Supported Cone Roof Sketches ..................................................................................................... 89

Generating the Output Reports ............................................................................................................. 90Report List Tab ............................................................................................................................... 91Options Tab .................................................................................................................................. 106

Examples .................................................................................................................................................. 107

Example Problem APP_K ................................................................................................................... 107Example Problem O_WC .................................................................................................................... 107Example Problem A_WC .................................................................................................................... 107Example Problem KOCZWARA .......................................................................................................... 108Example Problem B&Y ....................................................................................................................... 108Example Problem SSTEST1 ............................................................................................................... 108Example Problem TEST1 ................................................................................................................... 108Example Problem SSC1 ..................................................................................................................... 108Example Problem APP_P ................................................................................................................... 108

Example Problem EXTERN01 ............................................................................................................ 108

Example Problem SEIS01 .................................................................................................................. 108

Appendix A - Program File List .............................................................................................................. 109

Main Set .............................................................................................................................................. 109Help & Error Processing Set ............................................................................................................... 109English Text Set .................................................................................................................................. 110API Data Set ....................................................................................................................................... 110

Examples Data Set ............................................................................................................................. 111

Appendix B - Standard Units Systems .................................................................................................. 113

Appendix C - List of Materials ................................................................................................................ 115

* ASTM Standards .............................................................................................................................. 115

* CSA Standards ................................................................................................................................. 116* National Standards ........................................................................................................................... 116* ISO 630 ............................................................................................................................................. 116* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ..................................................................................... 116* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ......................................................................... 117* Unknown For API-653 ...................................................................................................................... 117

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Contents

TANK User's Guide 5

Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives .................................................................................... 119

Appendix E - Selected References ........................................................................................................ 121

Appendix F - Revision History ............................................................................................................... 123

Version 2012 (4.00) Changes (3/12) .................................................................................................. 123Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) .............................................................................................................. 124

Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) .............................................................................................................. 124Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) .............................................................................................................. 124Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ............................................................................................................ 124Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ............................................................................................................ 124Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) .............................................................................................................. 124Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) .............................................................................................................. 125Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) .............................................................................................................. 125Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) .............................................................................................................. 125

Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) .............................................................................................................. 125Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) .................................................................................................... 126Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) .............................................................................................................. 126Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) .............................................................................................................. 127Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) .............................................................................................................. 127

Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) .............................................................................................................. 127Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) .............................................................................................................. 128Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) ............................................................................................................ 128Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) .............................................................................................................. 128

Index ......................................................................................................................................................... 131

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Contents

6 TANK User's Guide

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TANK User's Guide 7

The following changes have been made to TANK 2012:

Version 2012 (4.0) TANK 2012 was updated to the latest API Code, 11th Edition, Addendum 3.

User defined Wind pressure versus Elevation in lieu of the built in API (ASCE-7) Wind loadmethod.

Anchor Chair calculations have been added that include formulas and substitutions.

The user interface has also been updated.

The output processor has also been updated and some new features added.

The TANK User's Guide has been re-organized to include additional task-oriented topicsand enhanced information.

A separate Installation Guide is now available that include troubleshooting topics. Previouslythe installation instructions were included as part of the TANK User's Guide. You can accessthe Installation Guide in .pdf format from the TANK Installation splash screen as well as from

the TANK Main menu Help item. Click On-line Documentation. Additional help topics are available through the F1 one-click field-level help topic access.

A Material Database Editor is available.

Addendum 3 of the 11th edition of API 650 changed several equations that mightimpact existing tank designs. In many cases, results from previous analysis will differ from theanalysis performed in TANK 2012.

Some of the API 650 Code changes that might affect your results are:

5.6.1.1 (Required shell thickness)

5.10.2.6 (Frangible roof area, revised equation)

5.11.2 (Uplift criteria altered)

Table 5-1b (Corrosion removed from determination of product stress)

F.4.1 (changed equation for P to use Dlr)

F.4.2 (changed equation for Pmax to use Dlr)

F.5.1 (changed the equation for A to use Dlr)

Appendix V (joint efficiencies removed from various equations)

For a complete TANK revision history, seeAppendix F - Revision History(on page123).

What's New

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What's New

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TANK User's Guide 9

S E C T I O N 1

TANK is a computer-based software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanksusing the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for userinput, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive diagnostics to assist in problemresolution.

This manual provides detailed instructions for the installation, configuration, and operation of theprogram. Additionally, cell-specific help for guidance and information can be launched bypressing F1.

Program CapabilitiesTANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5 and several of theAppendices. These include:

Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable pointmethod or the one foot method.

Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders.

Minimum metal temperature reporting.

Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A.

Seismic computations according to Appendix E.

Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F.

Grillage computations according to Appendix I. Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M.

Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M.

Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting loadinteraction diagrams.

Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S.

External pressure computations according to Appendix V.

Introduction

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Introduction

10 TANK User's Guide

Duplex Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix X.

An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279.

Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad.

A Material Databaseeditor.

TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653:

Material modifications according to Section 2.3. Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B.

Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance.

Corroded hydrotest case

Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and L locations

Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations

Hydrotest heights

TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined inBrownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000.

TANK relies on a great deal of data specified in the API codes. This includes the material datafrom Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also beenincorporated into the program where necessary.

Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes.

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TANK User's Guide 11

S E C T I O N 2

Click Tools > Configuration to start the configuration program where you can configureprogram computations and databases.

The software locates an existing setup file to use as a starting template. The software looks foran existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is not found in thecurrent directory, the configuration file from the program installation directory is used.

Two tabs are available:

Computational Control Tab(on page11)

Database Definitions Tab(on page14)

Computational Control TabClick Tools > Configuration > Computational Controltab from the Main menu to modify theoperation of TANK. This is the default view.

Roof Projection in Wind Moment?- By default, the software includes the triangular projectionof the roof in the determination of the wind moment.

If it is necessary to ignore the roof projection and only include the tank shell projection, clear thischeck box.

Generate Message File - Enables the creation of an intermediate data file containingcomputation results not presented in the formal output reports. Information contained in this fileincludes:

Program Configuration

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Iteration data during variable point solutions

Interpolation points from API curves and graphs

Many other intermediate results

The file created by this option resides in the current data directory and is named {jobname}.TXT.This file can be printed or viewed with any standard text editor. This file can also be viewed from

the menu using Tools > File Review > Message File.Corroded Nozzles?- Indicates whether or not the flexibility computations of API-650 AppendixP should consider corrosion.

By default, corrosion is not considered.

If this check box is selected, the corrosion of the first shell course is used to modify thethickness used in the Appendix P computations FOR THE DESIGN CASE ONLY.

653 Corroded Hydrotest Case?- This directive allows you to consider the HYDROTESTcasein a corroded condition -ONLY FOR API-653 RUNS. The default condition is not to corrode theTEST case, which is consistent with API-650. However, it may be desirable for API-653 tanks toconsider a future hydrotest by assuming a corroded TEST case.

If the check boxis selected

Indicates that the TEST case should include the corrosion allowance that you havespecified.

If the checkboxis cleared

Indicates that the TEST case should not be corroded. This is consistent with API-650is the program default.

Modify Fluid Height by Pressure?- Considers the effects of internal pressure in thedetermination of the shell course thicknesses. By default, TANK follows API-650 exactly incomputing the required shell course thicknesses (by One- Foot, Variable Point, or the AppendixA methods). However, you may need to account for internal pressure by increasing the fluidhead.

If the check box is selected, the methodology of Section F.7.1 is implemented for all threethickness computation methods. Essentially, the Operating Liquid Level is increased by (P/12G).

Full Shell Weight in Appendix F?- Specifies whether or not the corroded shell weight shouldbe used in the computations of API-650 Appendix F (for internal pressure considerations). Bydefault, this check box is selected, which instructs TANK to use the full shell weight in AppendixF.

If this check box is cleared, the software uses the corroded shell weight in the computations ofAppendix F.

Shell Thickness Convergence Tolerance- Sets the convergence tolerance for the thicknessdesign when the variable point method is used.

By default, this value is 0.0050 inches (.127mm).

Cosine Curve Tolerance- Alters the convergence tolerance for the solution of the optimumcosine curve. This is necessary for API- 653, Appendix B computations. If there areconvergence problems with the current data set, the following steps should be taken:

1. Review and verify the shell settlement input data.

2. Adjust this convergence tolerance upward.

Increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively,increase the iteration limit.

Cosine Curve Iteration Limit- Specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by thesoftware during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems existwith the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit to possibly converge.

Increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer.

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Wind Girder Shell Thickness- Indicates which shell course thickness the software uses in thewind girder computations. There are two choices:

MAX- The wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses,obtained from the design and test cases, IGNORING corrosion. The reasoning behind thissetting is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded.

DESIGN- The wind girder computation routine uses the DESIGN thickness less any userspecified corrosion allowance.

Shell Settlement Method- Indicates which method should be used in computing the optimumcosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are:

FOURIER SERIES- Implements the procedure outlined in the paper Simple Method CalculatesTank Shell Distortion, by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980.

LEAST SQUARES- Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosinecurve.

Thickness Roundup to Nearest- Specifies a thickness increment which is used to determinethe final value of the shell thicknesses. THE COMPUTED VALUE OF THICKNESS ISROUNDED UP TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF THE INCREMENT. For example, if thisdirective is set to 0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, thefinal value reported is 0.375 inches.

Setting this directive to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shellthickness are reported unaltered in the output.

Plate Material Density- Specifies the value to be used for the density of the plate materials.This value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates.

Round Anchor Bolts By- Specifies how anchor bolts are selected by the software.

By default, the number of bolts is a multiple of 4. However, any multiple can be selected.

The entered value must be a whole number, such as 2, 3, 4, and so on.

Wind Moment in Appendix F- Specifies which wind moment is to be used in the computationsof Appendix F.

By default, the software uses the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in Appendix Fcomputations. However, if necessary, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11 can be

used.

The wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity) isused for the wind girder design; the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for OverTurning Stability. This field only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for theallowed pressure in Section F.4.2.

Reload last file at startup?- Enables the software to reload the last data file active during thelast TANK session. Clearing this check box causes the program to startup without data. In thiscondition, you must create a new input file or browse to open an existing input file.

Save to \System Directory- If the check box is cleared (the default condition), the configurationfile is written to the current data directory. Alternatively, selecting this check box causes theconfiguration file to be written to the program directory.

When a job file's input is saved, the current configuration becomes a part of the input.

Subsequent changes to the configuration do not change an existing job unless the input isresaved.

Different data directories can exist for different projects or clients. Each data directory cancontain its own configuration file, which may be unique. This allows the software to behavedifferently for different projects or clients.

If a data directory does not contain a configuration file, the settings from the configuration file inthe program directory are used. Whenever the configuration module is invoked in a new data

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directory, the starting settings are also acquired from the configuration file in the programdirectory.

Database Definitions Tab

Specifies the data files the software references for units, structural shapes and materials. ClickTools > Configuration > Database Definitionstab from the Main menu.

Material File- Select the material file to use. The possible selections for this box are determinedby the software scanning the installation directory. Only valid Intergraph CAS, Inc. suppliedmaterial files display in this list.

Units File- Select the units file to use. The possible selections for this box are determined bythe software scanning the current directory, followed by a scan of the installation directory.Duplicate files found in the installation directory are ignored. A maximum of ten unit files can bemanipulated by this software.

You can generate additional custom unit files if necessary by using the Tools > Make Unitscommand.

This box specifies which unit file the software uses to generate all subsequent new input filesand all output reviews.

Structural Database- Specifies the structural database for use in the supported cone roofdesign module. Database files are supplied by Intergraph CAS, Inc. and support U.S. as well asInternational shape libraries.

Shape libraries are available for the following countries:

Australia

Germany

Korea

South Africa

United Kingdom

United States of America

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Anchor Bolt Database- Specifies the anchor bolt database. Available options are:

TEMA Imperial for use with Imperial units

TEMA Metric for use with SI Units

BS-3643 for British Standard bolts

SABS-1700 for South African Bolts

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S E C T I O N 3

This section provides instructions on how to start TANK. It is assumed that the software hasbeen properly installed and configured. For more information about program configuration, seeProgram Configuration(on page11).

Starting TANKClick Start > Intergraph CAS > TANK 2012 > TANK 2012 , or you can double-click the desktopicon.

The TANK main menu and toolbars are the control center from which jobs can be selected,defined, analyzed, and reviewed.

Use the menus or the toolbar icons to specify or update the input. After the input has been

defined using the commands on the Input Menu(on page22), it must be error checked usingAnalyze > Error Check Only(on page60). The error checker validates the data for numericconsistency (for example, diameters and thicknesses must be positive), and to enforce API coderequirements (such as thicknesses cannot be less than the course above).

If there are errors in the input data, analysis is prohibited. You must correct these errors beforeproceeding. Warning messages are acceptable to the software but you should ensure thatwarning messages are acceptable to the current tank analysis. For more information on theerror checker, see Checking the Input for Errors(on page79).

Assuming that error checking completed successfully, an intermediate data file is created foranalysis; and control is returned to the main menu. From here, select Analyze >Analyze Only(on page60)to start the analysis module. The analysis module displays the program executionscreen which monitors the status of the solution. When analysis is complete, a solution data fileis created.

After a solution data file is available, you can select one of the Output Menu(on page62)commands.

Quick Start

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Quick Start


The analysis does not have to be re-run (unless the input data changes) prior to eachoutput review session. As long as the job input parameters remain fixed, the output module canbe launched as many times as required to interactively review the results or generate reports.

When you are finished reviewing the output, exit the output processor to return to the mainmenu.

The steps outlined above are summarized below.

1. Start > Intergraph CAS > TANK 2012 > TANK 2012.

2. Using the File Menu(on page21), select a job, either new or old.

3. Define the input data. The error checker is launched from the Analyzemenu.

4. Analyze the input data by selecting Analysis > Analyze Only.

5. Select an option from the Outputmenu to review the analysis results and generate outputreports.

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S E C T I O N 4

TANK InputThe first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file which describes the

characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file, with a unique job name, for eachconfiguration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored inthis input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a .TKIsuffix.

The input process can be started by selecting any option from the Inputmenu, or by clicking thedesired tool bar icons.

TANK separates the input data into logical categories. Each category addresses a specific coderequirement on design task. Of all these various groups, the General Tank Data group isrequired in all cases, for all tanks. Each of these groups is discussed briefly below, then indetail in the remaining sections of this chapter.

Title Page- Provides the ability to describe, in words, the tank being studied. This editing bufferis 75 characters in width by 60 lines in length. Details of the TANK Title Page are discussed inSection 6.1. Use of this dialog is optional, but is highly recommended. The tool bar iconsassociated with this option are:

Displays the Title Pagedialog.

Restores the title page to its default.Activates the General Tank Datadialog. As mentioned above, data must be provided onthis dialog for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the numberof courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specificgravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the desired code. For moreinformation, see General Tank Data(on page23).

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Quick Start


Activates the Roof Specification Parametersdialog. This dialog provides for the inputof roof descriptive parameters. The computations that use this data can be found inAPI-650 Appendix F, and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog is an optionalinput, depending on the tank. For more information, see Roof Specification Parameters(on page34).

Activates the Seismic Data Specificationsdialog. This dialog is used to describe theseismic parameters associated with the tank location. The computations that use thisdata can be found in API-650 Appendix E. This dialog is an optional input, depending onthe tank. For more information, see Seismic Data Specifications(on page43).

Activates the Grillage Reviewdialog. This dialog is used to specify the grillageparameters. The specifics of this computation can be found in API-650 Appendix I,Section I.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information,seeAppendix I - Grillage Review(on page45).

Activates theNozzle Stiffnessdialog. This dialog allows the specification of up to fifteenlow nozzles on the tank. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650Appendix P. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For moreinformation, seeAppendix P - Nozzle Stiffnesses(on page46).

Activates the Appendix M Cycle Life Dataspecification. This data is used in theprocedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number offill-empty cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog isan optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, seeAppendix M - CycleLife Evaluation(on page49).

Activates the Appendix V External Pressuredialog. This data is used to determine theexternal pressure capacity of the tank. For more information, seeAppendix V - ExternalPressure(on page50).

Activates the Shell Settlement Datadialog. This data is used in the procedures outlinedin API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement ofthe tank shell. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For moreinformation, see 653 Shell Settlement Data(on page51).

Activates the API-653 Service Measurement Datadialog. For more information, see653 Service Measurement Data(on page52).

Activates the API-2000 Venting Datadialog. This data is used to determine thenecessary venting for in-breathing, out-breathing, and fire. For more information, seeAPI-2000(on page56).

Activates the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-paddialog. This Scratch-pad allows theuser to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. For moreinformation, see Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad(on page57).

Launches the computation engine for theTank Sizing/Costing Scratch-paddialog. Thisoption is only active after data has been entered on the Scratch-pad.

Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the Scratch-pad, to the General Data

dialog. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design.

As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to

a file. With TANK, you can save the input by using File > Save, or by clicking Save . Bestpractice suggests that the input be manually saved frequently during any extended editingsession. Beginning an analysis will also save the data (automatically), but it is always best tosave the data yourself too.

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S E C T I O N 5

The Mainmenu is the screen that displays when TANK launches. The Main menu contains all ofthe options available in TANK. The options are arranged in groups, corresponding to the majortopics on the menu.

The menu options allow input data definition, analysis, output review, configuration, utility tools,diagnostics, and help.

The tool bar buttons are primarily concerned with the input options, but also include outputreview (both text and graphics), the Material Databaseeditor, and ESL review.

File MenuThe Filemenu consists of the standard Windows options for opening, saving, and printing theinput for a specific job. Recently accessed jobs can be accessed from the most recently used listwithout the need to browse the hard disk.

Using the Main Menu

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Using the Main Menu


Input MenuTheInputmenu contains all of the input options necessary to define a TANK job. The inputmenu categorizes the data into logical groups, each accessed from the menu.

The icon to the left of the menu option text is identical to the tool bar icon. Both the menuand the tool bar display the same input dialog box.

When you are finished defining the input for your vessel, use the Analyze Menu(on page60)toverify and/or analyze the job.

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Using the Main Menu


Title PageThe Title Pagedialog box provides a way to document, with the input data, any peculiarities ofthe tank or any special notes.

The Input > Title Pagemenu has two sub-menu items.

Click Input > Title Page > Title Page Dataor click on the Input tool bar to display ablank Title Page dialog box.

ClickDefault Title Pageor click on the Input tool bar to replace the title page contentswith a default title page found in the file TITLE.HED.

The title page can contain 60 lines of 75 characters. If necessary, scroll down to view anyadditional lines. Use the standard Windows editing functions to enter information in this dialogbox.

General Tank DataThe General Tank Data tabs specify all of the basic characteristics of the tank.

The Tank Datatab specifies the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, adescriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected unitsdisplay to the right of the input cell. For more information, see Tank Data Tab(on page24).

The Shell Coursestab displays a grid where the height, thickness, corrosion allowance,material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be specified for eachshell course. The material and its properties specified on the Shell Courses tab are used asdefault values for all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change thematerial, if necessary, on a course-by-course basis. For more information, see ShellCourses Tab(on page28).

The Wind Details tab defines detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these timesare not defined, TANK uses the recommended API 650 defaults. For more information, seeWind Details Tab(on page30).

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The Anchor Bolt and Gusset Detailstab defines the data necessary for the program todesign anchorage, if necessary. API-650 Section 5.12 defines a number of different caseswhich must be evaluated (depending on the tank), and may result in the design of requiredanchorage. For more information, seeAnchor Bolt and Gusset Details Tab(on page31).

Tank Data Tab

The Tank Datatab specifies the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, adescriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display tothe right of the input cell.

API Design Code- The entry on this line indicates whether API-650 or API-653 rules areapplied to the current job file. Select the entry from the list.

API-650 is intended for the design of new tanks and can be implemented in eitherdesignor analysismodes. Because API-653 is intended for the analysis of existing tanks, it can only beused in analysis mode.

Design Method- Enables you to specify the preferred method of evaluating the shell coursethickness requirements. You can choose: Variable Point, One Foot, or Appendix A. TheDesign Methodalso determines which method is used to compute the allowed fluid heights.

Run Objective- Enables you to specify whether the software should analyzethe tank based onyour input, or designthe necessary parameters to satisfy the API code.

The setting of this input field is important because it affects all computationsfollowing the shell course thickness evaluation.

If you select Design, subsequent calculations for wind girders, seismic, and internal pressureuse the larger of the design or test thicknesses.

If you select Analyze, subsequent calculations use the user-specified course thicknesses. Thecomputed thicknesses for the design and test cases are reported for information purposes only.A message to this affect is included in the output report when Analyze is selected.

Design Temperature- Enter the design temperature in the indicated units. API-650 limits thedesign temperature to 200 deg F/ 93 deg C. If the design temperature exceeds this limit but isless than 500 deg F/ 260 deg C, then the rules of Appendix M are applied.

Design temperatures in excess of 500 deg F/ 352 deg C cause a fatal error.If the value of the design temperature is changed, the software automatically implements aroutine to interpolate the data from API-650 Table P-1. The resulting values of modulus andexpansion coefficient are inserted into the Nozzle dialog box.

Design Pressure at Top- Enter the design pressure in the indicated units.

API-650, Appendix F, limits the design pressure to 2.5 psi / 17.2 kPa.

Tank Nominal Diameter [D]- Enter the diameter of the tank.

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Per API-650, the software assumes the tank diameter is the centerline diameter of thebottom shell course plates.

Tank Shell Height [HTK]- Enter the total height of the tank shell. This value should be the sumof the individual course heights, and is used in the wind load computations.

Design Liquid Level [H]- Enter the height of the design liquid level. This is the height from the

tank bottom to the top of the shell, or to the bottom of any overflow device.Liquid Specific Gravity [G]- Enter the specific gravity of the fluid.

This value is used only in the Design case. The software automatically uses a specificgravity of 1.0 for the Hydrotest case.

Weight of Attachments/Structures- Enter the total weight of the attachments and structureson the roof and shell which should be considered to resist uplift and in the maximum allowedpressure computation.

Distance Down to Top Wind Girder- Enter the distance from the top of the tank shell to thelocation of the top wind girder.

If the top wind girder is at the top of the shell, enter zero.

If the top wind girder is below the top of the tank, such as for a walk-way, enter the actualdistance.

Joint Efficiency (App A or 653 [E]- Per Appendix A.3.4, the joint efficiency should be either0.85 or 0.70. API-653 Section 2.3.3 also utilizes this value of joint efficiency. No othercomputations use this value, so the default of 1.0 can be left alone for variable point and onefoot API-650 calculations.

API-653 2nd Edition provides Table 2-1 for weld joint efficiencies if the original E value isunknown. This table is reproduced as follows:

Standard Edition & Year Joint Type JointEfficiency E Applicability or Limits

API-650 7th & Later Butt 1.00 Basic Standard

(1980-Present) Butt 0.85 Appendix A - Spot RT

Butt 0.70 Appendix A - No RT

1st - 6th Butt 0.85 Basic Standard

(1961-1978) Butt 1.00 Appendices D&G

API-12C 14th & 15th(1957-1958)

Butt 0.85

3rd-13th(1940-1956)

Lap (a) 0.75 3/8 inch max t

Butt (c) 0.85

1st & 2nd(1936-1939)

Lap (a) 0.70 7/16 inch max t

Lap (b) 0.50 + k/5 1/4 inch max t

Butt (c) 0.85

Unknown Lap (a) 0.70 7/16 inch max t

Lap (b) 0.50 + k/5 1/4 inch max t

Butt (c) 0.85

Lap (d) 0.35

(a) Full double lap welded.

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(b) Full fillet weld with at least 25% intermittent full fillet opposite side:k = percent of intermittent weld expressed in decimal form.

(c) Single butt-welded joints with a back-up bar were permitted from theyears of 1936 to 1940 and 1948 to 1954.

(d) Single lap welded only.

Wind Velocity- Enter the wind velocity acting on the tank. Due consideration should be given toSection 5.9.7.1a. The standard is a 120 mile per hour (53.6 m/sec) wind but may be increasedto account for additional tank height, wind gust, internal pressure, or open-top tanks.

Several configuration directives control how the wind pressure is computed and applied to thetank. These directives are as follows:

Roof Projection in Wind Moment - Turns on and off wind loads on the roof.

10% Plus 5psf in Wind Moment - Which is the basic wind moment definition per Section5.9.7.

Section 5.11 Wind Pressure - Defines the wind pressure to be used for Section 5.11stability.

Pressure Ratio [Fp]- Enter in the ratio of the normal operating pressure to the design pressure.

The value of Fp is used in Appendix R and Section 5.11 of the API 650 Code 11th EditionAddendum 3.

The minimum value of Fp is 0.4. Values lower than 0.4 are automatically set to 0.4.

The maximum value of Fp is 1.0. Values higher than 1 are automatically set to 1.

If your tank has zero internal design pressure, enter a value of 0.4 for Fp.

Default Shell Course Material- Displays the default material name for all individual shellcourses.

Click to the right of the box to display a context menu.

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Click Databaseto display the Material Selection dialog box (shown below), in which you canselect any valid material from the active database. Click Tools > Configuration > DatabaseDefinitions Tab (on page14)to select or change the active database.

Click Edit Propertiesto display the Material Propertiesdialog box (shown below), which youcan use to override or modify the properties retrieved from the database for a particular tank.

The material data specified here is assumed to pertain to the entire tank. If the material variesover the shell courses, that is specified using the Shell Courses Tab(on page28).

Number of Shell Courses- Enter the number of shell courses in the tank. This entry is used tocheck the shell course input and control the shell course generation if necessary.

Insulation Thickness- Enter the thickness of the insulation on the tank shell. The insulation isassumed to extend from the bottom of course #1 to the top of the last (top) course.

Insulation Density- Enter the density of the tank insulation.

Include Annular Base Plate Details- If the tank will have an annular base ring, check thischeckbox. If the tank will not have an annular base ring, uncheck this checkbox.

Include Wind Moment in Appendix F.4.2 Calculations- As of API-650 9th Edition, theequation for the maximum allowed pressure in Section F.4.2 includes a wind moment term. A

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later code interpretation makes the use of this wind moment term optional.To include the wind moment term, select this check box. Clear this check box to ignore the windmoment term (as in the 8th Edition).

Entire shell course evaluation- According to API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, select this button if theshell thickness calculation is for the entire shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a,which deducts 1-foot from the fluid height.

This deduction only occurs if the 1-foot method is in use.

Local area of shell only- According to API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, select this option if the shellthickness calculation is for a local area of the shell course. This selection uses equation4.3.3.1.b, which does not deduct 1-foot from the fluid height.

Shell Courses Tab

The material and its properties specified on the Shell Coursestab are used as default valuesfor all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, ifnecessary, on a course-by-course basis. The Shell Coursestab displays a grid where theheight, thickness, corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test

stress can be specified for each shell course.

The design and test stress values for the specified material are normally acquired from theMaterial Database. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on the TankData tab. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different

material, or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user. Whenyou right-click the Material cell, the software displays the Material context menu, asdescribed previously.

For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the program fills in the Sd and St values. For stainlesssteels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials,the allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog.For stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual valueused in the calculations is reported in the output.

Height - Enter the height for the current shell course in the specified units. The sum of all shellcourse heights should equal the tank shell height entered previously.

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the

first course. If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required

courses.

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Thickness- Enter the thickness for the current shell course. If the purpose of this job is todesign the shell course thickness, then enter a good starting value (see API-650 5.6.1.1). If thiscell is left blank for the first course, the software sets the thickness according to API-650 Table5.6.1.1.

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after thefirst course.

If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all requiredcourses.

Corrosion Allowance- Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered in the thicknessevaluations for shell course #n.

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after thefirst course.

If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all requiredcourses.

Material - This field displays the material name. To properly access a valid material name and

its properties, right-click and select Database in the context menu to display the MaterialDatabase Selection screen.

After a valid material is selected, its allowable stresses, yield strength, tensile strength, grade,and group are acquired from the database for subsequent software use.

Design Stress, Sd- Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code.This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from thedatabase.

If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may beoverridden by entering a different value in this input field.

For stainless steels, this value is displayed as zero, since a temperature versus allowabletable is used instead.

Hydro Test Stress, St- Represents the allowable test stress, referred to as St in the API code.

This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from thedatabase.

If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overriddenby entering a different value in this input field.

SSD1 through SSD5- Represents the allowable stress for a stainless steel according toAPI-650 Appendix S, Table S-2. These values are used during the computation phase of thesolution to determine the actual Sd value.

For stainless steels, these values are interpolated during the solution phase. For this reason, thevalue of Sd (at the left) is displayed as zero.

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Wind Details Tab

Provides options for defining detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7.

If these values are not defined, TANK uses the recommended API 650 defaults.

Velocity pressure exposure coefficient (Kz) - Enter the velocity pressure coefficient asdefined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to 1.04.

Topographic Factor (Kzt) - Enter the wind speed up factor for hills. This value should be 1.0(the default) except for those structures on isolated hills or escarpments.

Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) - Enter the wind directionality factor. API 650 recommends avalue of 0.95, the default for this parameter.

Importance Factor (I)- Enter the wind importance factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank,the value defaults to 1.0.

Gust Effect Factor (Gh)- Enter the wind gust factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, thevalue defaults to 0.85.

User defined Wind Pressure vs. Elevation- Check this check box if you want to enter windpressure and "To" Height (elevation) values.

"To" Height -Enter the elevation.

Pressure - Enter the pressure.

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Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details Tab

The Anchor Bolt and Gusset Detailstab contains the following information:

Anchor Bolt Data

Gusset and Top Plate Input (Anchor Chairs)

Anchor Bolt Data

Anchor Bolt Diameter (optional) (d)- Enter the bolt diameter of an existing anchorage. Ifentered, and the anchorage is necessary, it is evaluated using this data. This is an optionalentry.

Threads per Unit Length- The software can either evaluate a user-specified design or designan anchorage according to API-650 Section 5.12. In order to size the anchor bolts, the threadpitch is necessary. The pitch is the reciprocal of the parameter known as threads per inch.

Enter the threads per inch in the appropriate units. This is a required entry used in the event thatthe software must design an anchorage. Typical threads per inch for various size UNC bolts arelisted in the following table:

Basic Major Diameter (in) Threads per Inch

0.5000 13

0.6250 11

0.7500 10

0.8750 9

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Basic Major Diameter (in) Threads per Inch

1.0000 8

1.1250 7

1.2500 7

1.3750 6

1.5000 6

1.7500 5

2.0000 4.5

2.2500 4.5

2.5000 4

2.7500 4

3.0000 4

3.2500 4

3.5000 4

3.7500 4

4.0000 4

Bolt Allowable Stress- Prior to Addendum 3 of the 10th edition of API-650, the bolt allowablestress was required input. As of this addendum, the bolt allowable is determined for various loadcases as specified in Section 5.12. As a result, this value is no longer used, but is maintained forcompatibility with older input files.

Number of Anchor Bolts (optional)- For evaluation of an existing anchorage, enter thenumber of anchor bolts for evaluation of an existing anchorage. If the software redesigns theanchorage, the number of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in theconfiguration.

Bolt Yield Stress- Enter the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. This is a

required entry that is used in the event that the software must design an anchorage.Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter- Enter the offset from the mean tank diameter to theanchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If thisvalue is left blank, an offset of 0.0 is used.

The software internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diametervalue.

Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance- Enter the value of the corrosion allowance to beconsidered when sizing the anchor bolts. API-650, Section F.7.4 requires a corrosion allowanceof at least 0.25 inches.

Gusset and Top Plate Input (Anchor Chairs)

Evaluate Anchor Chair Assembly ? -Determines if anchor chair assembly parameters are to

be entered for this anchor bolt.

If this check box isselected

The fields in this section of the dialog box become active and youcan enter data for these parameters.

If this check box iscleared

The fields in this section of the dialog box are grayed out. Youcannot enter data for these parameters.

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Height of Gussets (Hg) -Enter the height of the gussets.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [Hg].

Distance between Gussets (g) -Enter the distance between gussets.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [g].

Width at top of Gussets (twdt) -Enter the width at the top of the gussets.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [twdt].

Width at base of Gussets (bwdt) -Enter the width at the base of the gussets.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [bwdt].

Top Plate Circumferential Width (a) -Enter the top plate circumferential width.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [a].

Top Plate Radial Width (b) -Enter the top plate radial width.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [b].

Diameter of Bolt hole in top plate (e) -Enter the diameter of the bolt hole in the top plate.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [e].

Corrosion Allowance on Chairs (Ca) -Enter the corrosion allowance on chairs.

Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [Ca].

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Roof Specification ParametersThe Roof Specification Parameters dialog box is an optional input that can be used tospecify the roof parameters when necessary. The Roof Specification Parameters dialog boxisdivided into three tabs:

General Roof Specs Tab(on page34) Supported Cone Roof Data Tab(on page36)

Girder Rings Tab(on page42)

General Roof Specs TabDefines the overall geometry of the roof. Whenever a tank has a roof to be designed, the tophalf of this dialog must be entered. This section of data defines in general terms the overallgeometry of the roof. At this point, determine whether a simple approximation will be made, or asupported cone roof will be designed. The approximation requires the specification of theremaining data on the General Roof Specstab. This data is used in further analysis, such asseismic analysis, wind over turning, and maximum allowed pressure.

The Net Area Scratchpad (F.2)is used to quickly determine the value for the Net Area atRoof/Shell Junctionon the left side of the dialog box. Note that this is a scratchpad. Dataentered in these fields is not saved. To use this scratchpad, define the required data accordingto the required Figure (a-k), and then click Computethe Net Area [A]button. The computed

area value is inserted into the Net Area at Roof/Shell Junctionbox. Details of the scratchpadinput fields are discussed below.

Roof Type- Select roof type of the tank. You can choose from:

Supported Cone- Roof is supported by rafters, which are supported by girders, which aresupported by columns. For supported cone roofs, the software designs the rafters, columns,and girders.

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Rafter-Supported Cone- Roof supported by rafters only. For rafter-supported cone roofs,the software designs the rafters.

Cone

Dome

Umbrella

The Cone, Dome, and Umbrellaroof types are considered solely for their weight effectson shell.

Angle Between Roof & Horizontal- Enter the angle between the roof and a horizontal plane atthe roof/shell junction.

Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction- Enter the area resisting the compressive force. For details,refer to API-650 Figure F-2.

Thickness of Roof Plate- Enter the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value shouldinclude the corrosion allowance, if any.

Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance- Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered whendetermining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. Thisvalue is subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness.

Roof Live Load- Enter the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates.

According to API-650 5.10.2.1, this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The deadload of the roof is computed by the software and combined with the live load to determine thetotal roof load.

Weight of Snow on Roof - Enter the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered inAPI-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks.

If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, the software determinesthe load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used.

Weight of Roof Plates- Enter the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650Appendix E and Appendix F computations.

The software determines the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value isgreater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, thecomputed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be

used (unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computedroof plate weight is always used.

Weight of Roof Framing- Enter the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650Appendix E and Appendix F computations.

If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, the software determinesthe weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used.

% of Weights Supported by Shell- Enter the percentage of the roof and snow weights that areto be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks.

If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, the software determinesthe % of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.

Scratchpad

This input area of the dialog is a scratchpad. After the data has been defined, click Compute.The TANK input processor uses the specified data and computes the net area at the roof shelljunction and updates this data field on the left-hand side of the dialog box.

The data entered in this dialog box is not saved.

Figure (a-k) Select the desired cross section, corresponding sketches a through k fromAPI-650 Figure F.2.

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Thickness of Shell Plate (tc) - Because the analysis has not been performed, an estimate ofthe thickness of the top shell plate is required. Specify this estimate in the tc field. After theanalysis, the computed top course thickness should replace the estimate specified here so thatthe correct area can be used in the roof calculations.

Thickness of Angle Leg (ta) - Specify the angle thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includesan angle.

Thickness of Bar (tb) - If the selected sketch (a-k) includes a bar, specify the bar thickness inthis field.

Thickness of Thicker Plate (ts) - Specify the thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes athickened region of the top shell course.

Unstiffened Angle Length (Le) - Specify the un-stiffened angle leg if the selected sketch (a-k)includes an angle.

Minimum Yield Strength (Fy) - Specify the minimum yield strength of all of the materials in theselected sketch.

Supported Cone Roof Data Tab

If instead, a supported cone roof is to be designed, then the bottom half of General Root Specstab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design should be specifiedon Supported Cone Root Datatab. This tab, shown below, displays the parameters used in theroof design.

The parameters necessary for the proper design of a supported cone roof include: the desiredcross section type for rafters, girders, and columns, the material for the cross sections and roofplate, and the maximum allowed length for the rafters and girders. The allowed cross sectionsvary, depending on the active structural library. The help system provides guidance here, in theusage of the various structural types, and in the available cross sections.

For the structural and roof plate materials, click the [] button to bring up the contextmenu which allows selection from the Material Database.

Preferred Rafter Type- Enter the preferred section type for the roof rafters. The roof rafterlocations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the activestructural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

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For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. Thesedescriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC:

DESCRIPTOR AISC SHAPE USAGE

W Wide Flange rafter, girder, column

WT Structural Tee rafter, girder, column

S Standard I Beam rafter, girder, column

C Channel rafter, girder, column

DC Double Channel columns only

DI Double Wide Flange columns only

P Pipe columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptorscorrespond to the following cross sections:

DESCRIPTOR SHAPE USAGE



M Standard I Beam rafter, girder, column

For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptorscorrespond to the following cross sections:


UB Universal Beams rafter, girder, column

UC Universal Columns rafter, girder, column

T Structural Tee rafter, girder, column


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For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptorscorrespond to the following cross sections:


I I-Beams rafter, girder, column

U Channel rafter, girder, column


For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptorscorrespond to the following cross sections:




For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. Thesedescriptors correspond to the following cross sections:


IP I-Beams rafter, girder, column

HP Wide flange beams rafter, girder, column

CP Channels, parallel rafter, girder, column

CT Channels, taper rafter, girder, column

Preferred Girder Type- Enter the preferred section type for the roof girders. The roof girderlocations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the activestructural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

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P Pipe columns only

















For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptorscorrespond to the following cross sections:




For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. Thesedescriptors correspond to the following cross sections



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Preferred Column Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof columns. The roofcolumn locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the activestructural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.









P Pipe columns only






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For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors

correspond to the following cross sections:




For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. Thesedescriptors correspond to the following cross sections:






Roof Plate Material- Defines a material for the roof plates. The material database can be

opened by clicking .

Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress- Defines the value used as the allowable design stressfor the roof plates. This value is automatically filled in when the Roof Plate Materialis specified.

Structural Member Material- Defines a material for the structural members. The material

database can be opened by clicking .

Structural Member Allowable Design Stress- Defines the value used as the allowable designstress for the structural members. This value is automatically filled in when the StructuralMember Material is specified. For compliance with API-650 Section 3.10.3.4, this value should

not exceed 20000 psi (137895 kpa).Maximum Allowed Rafter Length- Enter the maximum length allowed for the rafters. Thisvalue is used to determine the radii to the various girder rings. Typical values for this cell are20.0 to 24.0 feet (6.1 to 7.3 meters).

In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters areoriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings aroundthe tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of

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the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths donot exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.

Maximum Allowed Girder Length- Enter the maximum length allowed for the girders. Thisvalue is used to determine how many girders are required for each girder ring. Typical values forthis cell are 24.0 to 30.0 feet /7.3 to 9.1 meters.

In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters areoriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings aroundthe tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends ofthe rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths donot exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns.

Center Column Cap Plate Diameter- Enter the diameter of the center column cap plate ifnecessary. If this cell is left blank, a value of zero is used.

Girder Rings Tab

Providing all of the data shown allows the software to design a supported cone roof according tothe procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girderrings according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If however, alternate positioning is

desired, the design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Ringstab.

This grid is used to specify the location of each girder ring, and how many girders make up thering. If this information is specified, then the members are sized only, as the number of girderrings, column rings, and rafter rings is known.

Radius to Girder Ring - Enter the radial distance from the center of the tank to each girder ring.If the location of one girder ring is specified, the distance to all girder rings must be defined.

Number of Girders in Ring - The number of girders in each ring may also be specified. Theseentries are optional; however, if the number of girders in any one ring is specified, the number ofgirders in all rings must be also specified.

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Using the Main Menu


Seismic Data SpecificationsThe Seismic Data Specifications dialog box is an optional input used to specify theseismic (earthquake) parameters when necessary.

Seismic Data Tab

The Seismic Data Specifications dialog box contains the following input fields:

Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate- Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottomplate.

Minimum Yield Strength of the Weld Material- Enter the minimum yield strength of the weldmaterial.

Bottom Plate Thickness- Enter the thickness of the bottom plate.

Seismic Use Group- The Seismic Use Group for the tank should be specified by thepurchaser. See API-650 Section E.3.1 for details on the various SUG categories. Valid entriesfor this field are 1, 2, or 3 (corresponding to SUG groups I, II, and III).

Friction Factor- Specify the friction factor used to determine tank sliding in API-650 SectionE.7.6. API limits the maximum value of this friction factor to 0.4.

Importance Factor - Usually this value is 1.0, unless specified otherwise by the purchaser. APIrecommends that this value not exceed 1.25, and that this value (1.25) only be used foremergency services.

Initial Anchorage Type- Defines the initial anchorage type as either Self or Mechanical(bolts).

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Even if you specify a self-anchored tank, the requirements of the Code may be such thatanchor bolts are required. In this instance, the software will design bolting.

Earthquake Type- Defines the earthquake type as either Mapped orSite Specific. For moreinformation about earthquake types, refer to API-650 Sections E.4.2 and E.4.3.

Site Class- Defines the seismic site class according to Section E.4.6. Valid choices are A

through F, where F represents soils that require site-specific evaluations.Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient (K)- Defines the spectral accelerationadjustment coefficient (K). This coefficient is used to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5% to0.5% damping. If no value is specified, the coefficient defaults to 1.5.

Scaling Factor (Q)- Defines the scaling factor from the maximum considered earthquake(MCE) to the design level spectral accelerations. The value of Q is 2/3 for ASCE #7.

Transitional Period (TL)- Defines the regional-dependent transition period for longer periodground motion, in seconds. Unless otherwise specified, Transitional Periodis taken as themapped value found in ASCE #7.

Mapped Max Earthquake Short Period (Ss) - Defines Ss, which is the mapped maximumconsidered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods(0.2s), %g.

Mapped Max Earthquake 1-sec. Period (S1)- Defines S1, which is the mapped maximumconsidered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period ofone second, %g.

Mapped Max Earthquake 0-sec. Period (S0)- Defines S0, which is the mapped maximumconsidered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period ofzero seconds (peak ground acceleration for a rigid structure), %g.

Peak Ground Acceleration for Non-ASCE (Sp)- Defines SP, which is the design level peakground acceleration parameter for sites not addressed by ASCE methods.

Design Acceleration Parameter at Short Periods for ASCE Methods (Sds)- Define

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