manual de ingles ingles para negocios

7/30/2019 Manual de Ingles Ingles Para Negocios

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INTRODUCCINALOS NEGOCIOSLicenciatur a en Relaciones Comer ciales Inter nacionales Hebert C. Barreto.

1

UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE SINALOA

UNIDAD REGIONALNORTE

UNIDADACADEMICADE NEGOCIOS

LIC. ENRELACIONES COMERCIALES INTERNACIONALES

Manual de Ingls para Negocios5toy 6toSemestre

Introduccin a los Negocios

ALUMNO

Relaciones comerciales internacionalesBarre to

RUPO

2 -3

Los Mochis Sinaloa. Agosto del 2 0 10


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Temario

Lesson 1 Recruitment

Key Vocabulary

Reading Comprehension: Job Advertisements

Reading: Job Ads: Reading between the lines

The Curriculum Vitae

Grammar: Expressing Contrasts

Vocabulary: Recruitment

Lesson 2 The InterviewKey Vocabulary

The letter of Application

The Interview

Writing - Answering Interview Questions

Listening - What is wrong?

Grammar - Relative Clauses

Vocabulary - The Interview

Lesson 3 Management Styles

Key Vocabulary

Reading Comprehension - Management Styles

Grammar - Obligations

Vocabulary: Management Vocabulary

Lesson 4 Marketing & Advertising

Key Vocabulary

Adverts (Slogans)

Reading: Hollywood Stars come to Spain

Listening: Coca Cola to drop advertising in Schools

Grammar - The Passive

Vocabulary: Marketing and Advertising

Word puzzle

Lesson 5 Franchising


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Key Vocabulary

Reading: Mc Donald's

Reading - Franchising Case Studies

Grammar - Gerund or Infinitive

Vocabulary - Franchising

Lesson 6 Accounting

Key vocabulary

Banking & Exercise

Don't bank on it!

Grammar - Expressions with Get

Vocabulary - Accounting

Word Puzzle

Lesson 7 Insurance

Key Vocabulary

Reading - Do you really need to be quoted happy?

Grammar - The Conditional

Vocabulary - Insurance

Lesson 8 RetailingKey Vocabulary

Reading - Thanks for the gift, now how do I get what Ireally want?

Grammar - Idioms

Vocabulary - Retailing

Lesson 9 Stocks & Shares

Key Vocabulary

Reading - New York Stock Exchange to float

Grammar: Describing Economic Trends

Reading - Cuffley Football Club in shares launch

Grammar: Comparatives & Superlatives

Vocabulary - The Stock Exchange

Lesson 10 Starting up a new business

Key vocabulary

Reading - You and your ideas


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Quiz - How do you rate as an entrepreneur?

Writing - Business plan

Vocabulary - Starting up a business

Lesson 11 Business & the environment

Key Vocabulary - Definitions

Listening - Recycling

Reading - Green energy will never meet needs, saysExxon

Grammar - Indefinite and Definite Article

Vocabulary - Business and the environment

Lesson 12 International TradeKey Vocabulary

Reading - G8s free trade project is here to stay - alongwith world poverty

Listening - How different countries approach business

Grammar - Correcting Mistakes

Vocabulary

Lesson 14 Telephone English

Answering the phone

Introductions and Greetings

Grammar Point

Starting Conversation

Vocabulary - Telephone & Social English

Lesson 15 Writing e-mails

How to start an e-mail

Difference between writing a letter and an e-mail

Abbreviations

Writing - Changing a letter into an e-mail

Lesson 16 How to make a speech

Techniques & Exercise

Writing a speech

-


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Lesson 1: Recruitment

Key Vocabulary

When a company needs to recruit or employ new people, it usually advertises the job orposition in the recruitment section of a newspaper or magazine. People who are interestedcan then apply for the job by sending a letter of application and a curriculum vitaecontaining details of their education and experience to the company. The company will thendraw up a shortlist ofcandidates, who are then invited to attend an interview.


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Reading Read the following job advertisements, and then answer the questions.

A) Job Advertisements

St. Mary's Junior SchoolHeath Drive, Ware, HertsSG12 ORL

TEACHING ASSISTANT

Required from: November 2002 - Term time only, four mornings weekly

We are looking for a caring and enthusiastic teaching assistant to work in a Y3 classroom to workalongside children who require extra support. Experience of working with children is essential. Youwill be part of a friendly and committed staff team and we shall offer opportunities to help youdevelop professionally.

Please telephone Jane Hannibal, School Secretary for further details. Visits are welcomed. Lettersof application and CV with the details of 2 referees should be sent to Liz Neville, Head teacher byOctober 14.

B) Job Advertisements

CONTRACTS MANAGER

Diamond PLC has been providing a quality service for over 25 years, specialising in refurbishmentand major alterations for Local Authorities & Housing Associations in the London area.

Our continued success is due to the commitment of our dedicated team of professionals. We arelooking for an experienced Contracts Manager, able to demonstrate the drive necessary to lead ateam of Surveyors, Site Managers and Trades, reporting to the Contracts Director.

You will be responsible for controlling projects of all sizes up to 3m using the company'smanagement control process and our fully computerised ICT system.

This is a great opportunity for an individual with a proven track record of delivering projects on

time & within budget whilst able to maintain our mission statement of 'Building Quality on Time'.

If you feel this is the challenge for you, please apply in writing with a full CV to:

Sarah CurryHR DepartmentDiamond Plc52Stamford RoadLondonN15 4PZ


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Comprehension Questions

1. Read through the advertisements again and make a list of all the words and expressions

used to describe:

a) The job requirementsb) The benefits offered by the job.vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

(Haga click en el cuadro para ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)

2. Look at the job advertisement labelled (B) and answer the questions.


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Job Ads: Reading between the lines

Checking out job advertisements is popular with executives worldwide. But though theactivity is universal, is the same true of the advertisements? Are executive positions indifferent countries advertised in the same way? A comparison of the jobs pages of TheTimes of London, Le Monde of Paris and Germany's Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitungsuggests not.

First, what UK job seekers consider an essential piece of information -what the post pays-is absent from French and German adverts. It is often left to applicants to raise thisthemselves. In contrast, most British advertisements mention not only salary, but also othermaterial incentives including a car and fringe benefits. French or German advertisementsrarely refer to these.

The attention given to rewards in the UK indicates the importance of the job and itsresponsibility. In Germany and France, that information is given by the level of experienceand qualifications demanded. Salary can be assumed to correspond with this.

If French and German adverts are vague about material rewards, they are precise aboutqualifications. They usually demand "a degree in ...", not simply "a degree". In Germany,for example, a technical director for a machine tool company will be expected to have aDipl.-Ing degree in Mechanical Engineering.

French advertisements go further. They may specify not just the type of grande cole

degree, but sometimes a particular set of institutions (Formation suprieure X, Centrale,Mines, HEC, ESSEC), these being the most famous grandes coles.


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All this contrasts with the vague call for "graduates" (or "graduate preferred"), which is

found in the UK. British companies often give the impression that they have a particulartype of applicant in mind, but are not sure about the supply and will consider others. Theirwording suggests hope and uncertainty, as in this advertisement from The Times: "Whilsteducational standards are obviously important, a large measure of personal enthusiasm islikely to secure the success of your application."

In the UK, qualifications beyond degree level make employers nervous, but in France orGermany it is difficult to be "overqualified". Many people on German executive boardshave doctorates and the French regard five or six years of intensive post-bacealaurat studyat a grand cole as ideal training. British managers are not selected primarily for theirintelligence, as managers are in France or for their expert knowledge, as in Germany.

Instead the British give importance to social, political and leadership skills.

This difference also shows in the personal qualities mentioned. British advertisementsstress energy, ability to communicate and motivate. German advertisements likeachievement, but it tends to be less personality-driven. German companies want candidateswith sound knowledge, experience and competence in their field. They rarely recruitnovices, as do British employers. French advertisements refer more to intellectual qualitieslike analytical aptitude and independence.

Even the tone of the job advertisements is different in the three countries. By French andGerman standards, British advertisements are very audacious: They attract young

executives with challenges such as: "Are you reaching your potential?" whereas French andGerman advertisements are boringly direct, aiming to give information about the job ratherthan to sell it.

All this points to three different conceptions of management. The French regard it asintellectually complex, the Germans as technically complex, and the British asinterpersonally complex. But they agree on one thing: it's complex.


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Questions

The Curriculum Vitae

Study the following CV and decide where each of the following headings should be placed.

ReferencesInterests & AchievementsPersonal DetailsEmploymentEducation & QualificationsAdditional Skills


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1.- ________________________________

DATE OF BIRTH: 15th June 1977MARITAL STATUS: Single

NATIONALITY: BritishDRIVING LICENCE: Full UK Driving Licence (Sep 1994)

2.- ________________________________

1995 - 1999 UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND, Bristol

BA (Hons) Modern Languages & European Studies (2i)

1989 - 1995 GOFFS LANGUAGE COLLEGE, Cheshunt

A-Levels: German (C) French (E)AS-Levels: Religious Instruction (E) General Studies (D)

3.- ________________________________

- Computer, Internet and E-Mail literate.- Proficient in the use of Windows 95, 98; experience of Windows NT.- Detailed knowledge of Microsoft Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint.- Fully conversant with Microsoft Outlook and Netscape Messenger.- Accurate keyboard skills and the ability to type 50 w.p.m.


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4.- ________________________________

Jun 2000 - present SDRC UK Limited, Hitchin, Hertfordshire

Position: Training Co-ordinator

At SDRC, my role is to support the Automotive Team in the processing and marketing oftraining for all UK-based Ford and Jaguar approved Suppliers. I am responsible for co-ordinating all training orders, acting as the sole point of contact for Automotive Suppliers.

Sep 1999 - Jan 2000 Trade Mark Consultants Co, Harrow, Middlesex

Position: Trade Mark Agent

As a Trade Mark Agent, my time was spent performing an array of tasks, including:conducting search reports; reporting to the client; filing U.K. and Community Trade MarkApplications; answering clients' Trade Mark enquiries and updating the company's TradeMark Database.

5.- ________________________________

- I take great pleasure from the cinema, especially contemporary foreign cinema.- I am a sports enthusiast and especially enjoy playing badminton, tennis, golf and football.

6.- ________________________________

Employment

Mr Mark ParrySDRC UK LimitedMilford HousePriory End

Academic

Mrs Ann Kennard

Faculty of Languages andEuropean StudiesUniversity of the West of England


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Expressing Contrast

Despite, in spite of, although and even though are all used to express contrast between two ideas.

Look at the following sentences:

Despite her lack of hard work, she was promoted.

This sentence means that she didn't work very hard, but she was still promoted.

Despite promises by the government to cut working hours, the average Brit works 38 hours a week.

This sentence means that the British government has promised to reduce working hours, but the Brits stillcontinue to work very hard.

Practice

Finish each of the following sentences so that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it.

1. Although he is the boss, he does not find solutions to problems very easily.

In spite of _______________________________________________

2. In spite of his hard work, he could not finish the job.

Although ________________________________________________

3. Despite the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend Saturday at work.

Even though _____________________________________________

4. Although they are dedicated to their companies, many German employees want more leisure time.

In spite of _______________________________________________

5. Despite the fact that some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differencesbetween them.

Even though _____________________________________________


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Recruitment

Benefit Beneficio

Bonus Bonus

Business Negocio

Candidates CandidatoCareer Carrera profesional

Challenge Reto / desafo

Communication skills Habilidades comunicativas

Curriculum Vital (CV) Currculum Vitae

Graduate Licenciado

Post graduate Post-grado

Under graduate Estudiante de carrera

Good standard of.... Buen nivel de...

Headquarters Oficinas centrales

Health insurance Seguro mdicoHonours degree Diploma con mencin de honores

Human Resources Recursos Humanos

Interview Entrevista

Letter of application Carta de Presentacin

Manager Jefe/a

Pension Pensin

Policy Pliza

Position Puesto

Recruitment Seleccin

Recruitment Agency Agencia de empleo

Recruitment Section Seccin de empleo

Responsibility Responsabilidad

Salary Salario

Shortlist Lista de candidatos finales

Staff Empleados

To apply for Solicitar

To be in charge of Estar a cargo de


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Test your Vocabulary

Find a word from the vocabulary section (above) which corresponds to the followingdefinitions:

(Haga click en el cuadro para ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)


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The Interview

Key Vocabulary

Once you have seen ajob advertisement that interests you, you should send a coveringletter together with yourCurriculum Vitae to the person of contact. The covering letter isequally as important as your Curriculum Vitae as it provides the first direct contact betweena candidate and an employer. If this letter is not well written or poorly presented, you willgive a bad impression.


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The Letter of Application

The letter of application usually has the following layout. Four Paragraphs which explainthe following:

1. Why you are writing

2. Why you are interested in the position

3. What you personally can contribute to the job - highlight your relevant skills andexperience.

4. Willingness to attend an interview

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Exercise

Complete the following letter of application using the following verbs:

Contact / discuss / employed / welcome / involved / apply / enjoy / notice / advertised /matches


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Dear Ms Swan,

I am writing to 1.___________ for the position of Public Affairs Associate, which was

2.__________ last week in The Guardian.

Although I am presently 3.________ by a non-profit making organisation, it has alwaysbeen my intention to work in a commercial environment. I would particularly 4.________the chance to work for your company and as you will 5.___________ on my enclosedCurriculum Vitae, the job you are offering 6.____________ both my personal andprofessional interests.

My work experience has familiarised me with many of the challenges 7._________ inPublic Relations today. I am sure that this, together with my understanding of the needs andexpectations of sport and nature enthusiasts, would be extremely relevant to the position.

Moreover, as my mother is Spanish, I am fluent in this language and would definitely8._______________ working in a Spanish-speaking environment.

I would be pleased to 9.___________ my curriculum vitae with you in more detail at aninterview. In the meantime, please do not hesitate to 10.___________ me if you requirefurther information.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Sarah Brown


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Lesson 2: The Interview

Job interviews can be some of the most stressful situations we have to face. From themoment you enter the potential employer's building to the time you are back outside, you

are on show - and preparing to give a good performance is what can guarantee success orat least give your best.

Possible interview questions

Warm-up questions:

What made you apply for this position?

How did you hear about this job opening?

Briefly, would you summarize your work history & education for me?

Work history:

What special aspects of your work experience have prepared you for this job?

Describe for me one or two of the biggest disappointments in your work history?

Why are you leaving your present job? (Or, why did you leave your last job?)

What is important to you in a company?

What things do you look for in an organization?


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Job performance:

Everyone has strengths & weaknesses as workers. What are your strong points for this job?

What areas do you consider need improving?

Do you prefer working alone or in a team?

What kind of people do you find it most difficult to work with? Why?

What are some things you would like to avoid in a job? Why?

In your previous job what kind of pressures did you encounter?

What would you say is the most important thing you are looking for in a job?

What are some things you particularly liked about your last job?

Education:

What special aspects of your education or training have prepared you for this job?

What courses in school have been of most help in doing your job?

Career goals:

What is your long-term employment or career objective?

What kind of job do you see yourself holding five years from now?

What do you feel you need to develop in terms of skill & knowledge in order to be ready for thatopportunity?

Why might you be successful in such a job?

What might make you leave this job?


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Self-assessment:

What kind of things do you feel most confident in doing?

Can you describe for me a difficult obstacle you have had to overcome?, How did you handle it?,How do you feel this experience affected your personality or ability?

How would you describe yourself as a person?

What do you think are the most important characteristics & abilities a person must possess tobecome a successful (............... )? How do you rate yourself in these areas?

What do you consider to be your greatest achievements to date? Why?

Decisiveness:Do you consider yourself to be thoughtful, analytical or do you usually make up your mind fast?Give an example. (Watch time taken to respond)

What was your most difficult decision in the last six months? What made it difficult?

How do you go about making an important decision affecting your career?

What was the last major problem that you were confronted with? What action did you take on it?

Motivation:

What is your professional goal?

Can you give me examples of experience on the job that you felt were satisfying?

Leadership:

What specifically do you do to set an example for your employees?

What sort of leader do your people feel you are? Are you satisfied?

How do you get people who do not want to work together to establish a common approach to aproblem?

How would you describe your basic leadership style? Give specific examples of how you practicethis?

Do you feel you work more effectively on a one to one basis or in a group situation?


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Oral presentation skills:

Have you ever done any public or group speaking? Recently? Why? How did it go?

Have you made any individual presentations recently? How did you prepare?

Written communication skills:

Would you rather write a report or give a verbal report? Why?

What kind of writing have you done? For a group? For an individual?

Flexibility:

What was the most important idea or suggestion you received recently from your employees? Whathappened as a result?

What do you think about the continuous changes in company operating policies & procedures?

How effective has your company been in adapting its policies to fit a changing environment?

What was the most significant change made in your company in the last six months, which directlyaffected you, & how successfully do you think you implemented this change?

Stress tolerance:

Do you feel pressure in your job? Tell me about it.

What has been the highest-pressure situation you have been under in recent years? How did youcope with it?

Stability & Maturity:

Describe your most significant success & failure in the last two years.

What do you like to do best?

What do you like to do-least?

What in your last review did your supervisor suggest needed improvement?

What have you done about it?

The ways in which you answer interview questions are very important.

9 times out of 10 the same types of interview questions come up time and time again.

"Be Prepared!" Before you go to the interview prepare your answers carefully.


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Lesson 2: Writing

Answering Interiew Questions

Write the answers to the following interview questions, including the vocabulary givenin brown in your answer.

1. Why are you leaving your present job? (Or, why did you leave your last job?)

Firstly...... / in the long term...... / besides......

2. What is important to you in a company? What things do you look for in an organization?

From my point of view...... / it is extremely important that.......

3. Everyone has strengths & weaknesses as workers. What are your strong points for thisjob?

As far as I know...... / having said that......... / what's more.........

4. What is your long-term employment or career objective? What is your professional goal?

My one ambition is to...... / to aim high.....

5. What has been the highest-pressure situation you have been under in recent years? Howdid you cope with it?

At first ........ / to face up to the situation........


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lesson 2: Listening

What is wrong?

Listen to an interviewer interviewing a candidate for a Secretarial Position within acompany. The secretary will answer questions 1, 2 and 3.

1. Why are you leaving your present job?

2. What is important to you in a company?

3. What are your strong points for this job?

What does she say wrong?

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Listenings

1. I left my last job firstly because I felt that I had achieved a lot working with thatcompany and that it was time to move onto a bigger company, besides the money wasreally bad and I think that this company offers a better salary.

2. I am an extremely hard working person. I like working alone or in a team and I likeworking to deadlines. You know what I mean?!

3. In a company it is important to have a cafeteria where you can go if you want a breakand also clean toilets.


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Lesson 2: Grammar

Relative Clauses

Look at the following sentences. The relative clause is in bold:

Mc Donald's is a place which sells hamburgers. Sally Jones is the manager of theMcDonalds on Oxford Street, which was one of the first fast food restaurants opened.

The relative clause in the first sentence is a defining clause . It tells us what type ofrestaurant Mc Donald's is and is therefore essential to the meaning of the sentence.

The relative clause in the second sentence is a non-defining clause. It gives us extrainformation about Mc Donald's.

-------- ooo O ooo --------


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Practice

(Haga click sobre las oraciones para ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)

1.- Look at the following sentences and decide whether they are defining or non-definingrelative clauses.

2.- Join each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun


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The Interview

Application form Formulario de solicitud

Approach EnfoqueBody language Lenguaje corporal

Branch Sucursal

Dole Subsidio de desempleo

Fee Honorarios

Flexi-time work Trabajo a tiempo flexible

HR (Human Resources) RRHH (Recursos Humanos)

Head office Oficina central, oficina principal

Job hunting Bsqueda de empleo

Leadership Liderazgo

Minimum wage Salario mnimoPaid holidays Vacaciones pagadas

Paperwork Papeleo

Purpose Propsito

Research Investigacin

Safety regulations Normas de seguridad

Salary Sueldo

Self-starter Persona dinmica

Shift work Trabajo por turnos

Short notice Aviso a corto plazo

Skill Habilidad

Unemployment DesempleoTo assemble Reunir, ensamblar

To attend an interview Asistir a una entrevista

To be aware Estar al tanto, ser consciente de algo

To be unemployed Estar desempleado

To break the ice Romper el hielo

To behave Comportarse

To contract Contratar

To develop Desarrollar

To earn Cobrar, ganar

To encounter EncontrarTo implement Aplicar, poner en funcionamiento

To judge Juzgar

To overcome Vencer

To sack Despedir

To set an example Poner un ejemplo

To shake hands Dar la mano

To solve Resolver


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Lesson 3: Management Styles

Key Vocabulary

The amount ofresponsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position thathe or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading thepeople directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, theymust use theirauthority, which is the right to take the decisions and give the orders thatwill allow their subordinates to reach certain objectives. Managers often delegate authority.This means that employees at lower levels of the company hierarchy can participate indecision-making.


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Lesson 3: Reading Comprehension

Management Styles

The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which candetermine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach theirjobs.

Below you will find five brief portraits of managers in five different countries: the UnitedStates, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Sweden.

Managers from the United States...

Generally attend business schools.

Communicate easily and informally at work.

Admire the qualities of a leader.

Expect everyone to work hard.

Individual performance is measured and initiative is rewarded.

Have competitive and sometimes aggressive attitudes towards work.

Often accept innovation and change.

Managers from the United Kingdom...

Receive a general education.

Delegate authority.

Take a practical approach to management.

Have relatively formal relationship at work.

Encourage their employees to work individually.


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Believe it is important to continue education and training at work.

Managers from Germany...

Consider professional and technical skills to be very important.

Have a strong sense of authority.

Respect the different positions in the hierarchy of their companies.

Clearly define how jobs should be done.

Are very loyal to their companies and expect their subordinates to obey them.

Are often older than in other countries.

Managers from France...

Go through an elitist educational system.

Have a strong sense of hierarchy and power.

Often have impersonal relationships at work.

Analyze problems in great detail before taking decisions.

Consider speaking skills to be particularly important.

Move easily between state and private sectors.

Managers from Sweden...

Consider social qualities to be as important as education.

Encourage their employees to take an interest in their work.

Pay close attention to the quality of working life.

Do not use as much authority as in other countries.

Appreciate low-level decision-making.

Are often women.

-------- ooo O ooo --------


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Questions

(Haga click sobre las preguntas para ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)

1.- Decide which country the following statements refer to:

2.- Find synonyms in the text for the following words:


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Lesson 3: Grammar

Obligations

Obligation is expressed using must, should and have to.

Must and Have to

Must and have to is used to express a strong obligation

1. You must do this exercise again. (obligation)

2. You musnt smoke in the hotel. (prohibition)

3. Every night you have to do your homework. (obligation)

Should

Should is used to express a mild obligation of a suggestion

1. You should apologize to him. (mild obligation)

2. You should go to bed before 11pm if you feel tired. (suggestion)

Past obligation

Must does not have a past tense form. We use had to to express a past obligation

1. We had to wake up early in order to take the exam.

Asking about obligation

Must is rarely found in the question form We normally use have to to ask about obligation

1. Do we have to go to the extra class?

2. Do I have to get up early on Sunday?

-------- ooo O ooo --------


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Questions


Fill in the gaps with the correct form of obligation, according to the rules.


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Management

Achievements Logros

Administrative Administrativo

Apprenticeship Becara, prcticas

Approach Enfoque (perspectiva)

Authority Autoridad

Benefit Beneficio / aportaciones positivas

Competition Competicin

Contract Contrato

Contribution Contribucin

Customer Cliente

Demands Demanda

De-motivation Desmotivacin

Development Desarrollo

Discipline Disciplina

Discrete Discreto

Goals Objetivos / metas

Incentives Incentivos

Knowledge Conocimiento

Outcome Resultado

Overtime Hacer horas extrasPlanning Planificacin / planning

Principles Principios

Quality control Control de calidad

Rates Mrgenes, bandas (ej. salariales)

Regulations Regulaciones


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Skill Habilidad / conocimientoSpecialised Especializado

Strategic Estratgico

Subsidiaries Subsidiarios/as

Supervisor Supervisor

Supervision Supervisin

Task Tarea

Training Entrenamiento / training

Turnover Facturacin

Underpaid Mal pagado

Undervalued Devaluado

Wages Salario

Worker Trabajador

To achieve Lograr / conseguir

To alter Alterar

To be promoted Ser ascendido de categora

To co-ordinate Coordinar

To deal with Tratar con

To develop Desarrollar

To inspire Inspirar

To lead Liderar

To make a decision Tomar una decisin

To plan Planificar

To supervise Supervisar

To supply Suministrar / proporcionar

To survive Sobrevivir


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Match a word from the vocabulary section above to the definition.

1. A system of training regulated by law or custom which combines on-the-job training andwork experience while in paid employment with formal off-the-job training.

2. To Monitor: keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance

3. A competent person in charge of a workplace or who has authority over a worker

4. The amount of money paid for some specified quantity of labour.

ApprenticeshipTo superviseSupervisor

Wages


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Lesson 4: Advertising & Marketing

Key Vocabulary

Advertising is very important and is used to expand sales by making the product or serviceknown to a wider audience. The advert that a company uses is its personal message. It hasto be received loud and clear. If not customers do not understand why they should buy fromthe company or what it is they are getting. Knowledge of the target market is needed tohelp refine the message and to select the most useful way to communicating the message tothe particular group. Advertising can be done through various different ways:

Writing the message - direct mail, web sites, brochures, local newspapers, etc.

Speaking the message - telephone selling, television, local radio, etc.


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Lesson 4: Adverts

In what other ways can we advertise?

Many adverts contain a slogan (a short phrase to attract the customer's attention). Effectiveslogans are usually short, easy to remember and easy to repeat. Here are some authenticslogans from adverts used in the United Kingdom.

- I'm lovin it

- We rent a lot more than a car

- The web's favourite airline

- Once you pop you can't stop

- Connecting people

- Where good food costs less

1. What type of product do you think each slogan is advertising?

2. Do you think they are effective?

Endorsement is an advertising technique that leading companies use in which a celebrity isused to advertise a certain product.

1.- Give examples of famous people endorsing a product in your country.


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Lesson 4: Reading

Hollywood Stars Come to Spain

2006: Claudia Schiffer (Mango)

2005: Gisele Bundchen (El Corte Ingls)

2004: Nicole Kidman, George Clooney (El Corte Ingls)

2003: Sylvester Stallone (El Corte Ingls)

These are just a few of the Hollywood Celebrities that have recently taken to advertisingSpanish brands and shops.

In 2005, the world-famous Super Model Gisele Bundchen could be seen on thousands ofbillboards in the Iberian Peninsula advertising clothes, bikinis and accessories for Spain'sleading department store, 'El Corte Ingls' (The English Cut).

El Corte Ingls is Spain's best-known and best-loved store. El Corte Ingls is to Spain asSelfridges is to London and Macy's to New York. Whatever you need, an MP3 player, aCD, a Burberry bag or a Papaya, El Corte Ingls has it.

But why do these rich and famous superstars come to Spain?

According to Juan Morales*, Director of El Corte Ingls, "many Hollywood stars haveholiday homes either in mainland Spain (Alicante, Marbella, etc) or in the Balearic orCanary Islands, therefore El Corte Ingls is their favourite department store. We pay them alot of money and promise to run their ads only within the confines of the IberianPeninsula".


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The Superstars Agents protect their clients' reputation by demanding that "Spain only"clauses be written into advertising contracts. The clauses impose heavy penalties if the adsomehow gets shown in the U.S.

In the past, American stars confined their endorsement exploits to Japan. However,according to Brian Dubin, senior vice-president at the William Morris Agency, stars can getbetween $1 million and $5 million for a single overseas campaign.

US stars wish to be seen by their home fans endorsing only products that boost their image.For example, in the US, Arnold Schwarzenegger is seen advertising the off-road vehicle,the Hummer and Sarah Jessica Parker fashionable Gap Clothes.

For many years now celebrities have been known to stoop pretty low to make some extracash, but now they don't mind if we see it. In the near future we can expect more

Hollywood embarrassing endorsements, coming soon whatever the country.

*Fictitious name

Katherine Mansfield - Queens English College


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Questions


Synonyms(click sobre las preguntas para ver las respuestas)

Find synonyms for these words in the text:

1. a couple of

2. make (noun)

3. sign

4. merchandise

5. fine (noun)

6. confined7. rather


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Lesson 4: Listening

Coca Cola to drop advertising in schools

You are going to listen to a news report from The Guardian that describes how and whyCoca- Cola is going to stop advertising its product in British Schools.

Listen carefully answer the questions below.


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Coca-Cola to drop advertising in schools By John Steele (The Guardian 26/01/2004)

Coca-cola is to remove advertising of its products from the front of around 4,000 vending machines in

secondary schools across Britain.

The step, a major shift in policy for one of the world's most energetically promoted companies, follows adecision last month to remove pictures of products from machines in Scottish schools.

Coca-Cola Enterprises, the distribution arm of the company, said the decision recognised the "conflict"between vending machines in schools and the status of classrooms as "commercial-free" areas.

The company also announced changes to the content of machines in schools, with a greater emphasis ondrinks such as Oasis, Five Alive and Dasani bottled water.

The move comes after concerns have been raised about the effects on children's health, particularly obesity, of

fast food and regular consumption of drinks such as Coca-Cola.

Coca-Cola has 4,000 vending machines (*) in around 1,500 secondary schools in England, Scotland andWales. There are none in primary schools.

The company operates each machine and pays the school a percentage of the takings.

In a programme of changes to machines between now and September, pictures of cans of Coca-Cola or Fantawill be replaced by panels showing children playing in a cartoon scene.

Ian Deste, head of corporate affairs at Coca-Cola Enterprises (GB), said: "We share the view that classroomsshould be a commercial-free area and clearly there is some conflict then with highly visible, highly brandedmachines.

"We hope this move will be seen as us being responsive to the sensitivities in this area." He rejected talk ofvending machines being banned from schools altogether.

"There are three reasons why we are in schools," he said.

"Firstly our products provide refreshment, secondly we provide a valuable revenue stream to the school, andfinally it enables teachers to keep children on the premises who might want to leave to buy the productselsewhere."

Doug McAvoy, general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said: "This is a sensible move but wewould like to see the end of advertising unhealthy food and drink to children altogether."

The BBC agreed earlier this month to drop mention of Coca-Cola from its weekly music charts after asponsorship deal was criticised.

The corporation was attacked for plugging the fizzy drinks firm on the Radio 1 chart rundown and BBC1'sTop of the Pops.

Coca-Cola had signed a multi-million pound deal with the Official UK Charts Company to sponsor thesingles and albums lists.

(*) Maquinas expendedoras


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Questions


Listen and answer the following questions.


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Lesson 4: Grammar

The Passive

Look at the following sentences:

1. John Turner opened the company in 1995

2. The company was opened in 1995 by John Turner

What are the differences between the two sentences in terms of:

Information

Emphasis

Form of the verb

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Practice


1.- Complete the following sentences using the present form of the passive.


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2.- Complete the following sentences using the past form of the passive.

3.- Change the following sentences from the active to the passive.


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Lesson 4: Vocabulary

Advertising

Advertising Publicidad

Advertisement / Advert / Ad(abbreviation)

Anuncio

Aim Meta, objetivo

Anonymity Anonimato

Audience Audiencia

Brand MarcaBudget Presupuesto

Buyer Comprador

Celebrity Famoso / a

Consumer Consumidor

Customer research Investigacin de cliente

Dealer Fabricante

Directory Directorio

Fees Tasas de inscripcin

Firm Empresa

Goods Mercancas

Image Imagen

Knowledge Conocimiento

Marketing Marketing

Market research Estudio de mercado

Media Prensa, medios de comunicacin

Publications Publicaciones

PR - Public Relations Relaciones Publicas, RRPP

Sales Ventas

Status symbol Smbolo de Status

Sum (money) Suma (de dinero)

Survey Encuesta

Target audience Clientela objetivo


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Trick Truco

According to SegnOn behalf of En nombre de...

To appear Aparecer

To carry out Llevar a cabo

To determine Determinar

To emphasise Enfatizar

To expect Esperar

To demand Exigir

To deserve Merecer

To get across (idea) Exponer una ideaTo handle Manejar

To imply Implicar

To manufacture Fabricar

To persuade Persuadir

To promote Promocionar (producto)

To rely on Contar con

To refine Refinar

To supplement Suplementar


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Lesson 4: Word puzzle

World puzzle

Read the clues and write the words downwards in the puzzle.

What are the two hidden words which goes across the middle of the puzzle to make number13? These words (7 and 5 letters) describe a set of different goods produced by a company.

Print this page and complete the puzzle offline.


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1. The ..... to the new product has been very good.

2. The market which the company hopes to attract is called the ..... market.

3. A company's market can have a high or low ..... rate.

4. A class of goods which is the product of a particular company or producer ("What isyour favourite ..... of cigarette?")

5. ..... buying is the purchasing of goods that one does not really want.

6. Market ..... is a detailed study to find out what kinds of goods consumers want.

7. ..... is the extent to which a company gains a share of the market.

8. Most companies have a marketing ..... which is a plan to decide how the marketing willbe carried out.

9. A ..... market is one in which goods are easily sold.

10. This is an arrangement by which a monopoly producer gives a trader the right to sellgoods in a particular area.

11. This is a sign, representing a company name which is often used as a tarde mark.

12. This is part of the market.


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Lesson 5: Franchising

Key Vocabulary

The term franchise refers to a type of business in which a group or individual receives alicense from a corporation to conduct a commercial enterprise. Corporate franchisesenable a franchisee to market a well-known product or service in return for an initial fee

and a percentage of gross receipts. The franchiser usually provides assistance withmerchandising and advertising. Major franchise networks, which have grown rapidly inthe United Kingdom since the 1960s, include fast-food restaurants, petrol stations, cardealerships, and real-estate agencies, and the system has expanded into many other fields.


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Lesson 5: Reading

McDonald's

Franchising

When it comes to franchising our approach is unique and starts with a rigorous selectionprocess for potential new franchisees.

We franchise only to individuals and not to partnerships, corporations, absentee investors or

families. And we ask for a level of commitment from our franchisees that equals our own.

Commitment

As our success is intrinsically linked to the success of our franchisees we make acommitment that lasts not only through initial training but right through the 20 year life ofeach franchise agreement.

What this means is that each franchisee is provided with a Franchise consultant who willalways be on hand with advice and practical help. Because we believe that even though aMcDonald's franchise allows you to work for yourself that's no reason why you should ever

be on your own.


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And Yours

In addition to a level of financial commitment you will be required to commit your time to

a training programme which takes about twelve months full time or longer if you opt to doit part time.

Training is split between restaurant experience and residential courses at our TrainingCentre covering areas such as team building, customer relations, people skills, businessmanagement, health & safety, hygiene and general first aid.

Now, if twelve months seems a long time, particularly as you will need to fund yourself forthis time, then chances are this is not the franchise for you as our experience has proventhat it takes at least this long to become competent at running a McDonald's restaurant.

The Costs

Depending on the capital you have available you can choose between two financial routes -namely the Conventional Franchise or the Business Facilities Lease (BFL).

Basically if you choose the Conventional Franchise route you can either buy an existingrestaurant or open a new one with a greater financial commitment - 40% as against 25% oftotal purchase price - and higher start up costs attached to the latter.

The BFL on the other hand is available to people who have the right potential but notenough capital and involves using the cash flow of the restaurant to buy the franchise out

within the first three years of trading. Other than that there is a monthly rent and service feeas well as a contribution to the annual marketing spend all of which are based on apercentage of sales.

Questions



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Lesson 5: Reading

Franchising Case Studies

You are now going to read two case studies concerning people who decided to buy afranchise. The studies show how the franchise is going and how the franchisees feel. Readand answer the questions below.

-------- ooo O ooo --------

1. Female Franchising Pioneer

Since opening a FASTSIGNS sign and graphics centre in Chelmsford,Essex, in 1996 with Ian Clemson, Jenny Boreham has been successful aswell as a female pioneer in franchising in the United Kingdom.

At the 2004 FASTSIGNS International, Inc. convention held recentlynear Dallas, Texas, the centre received the second highest award forsales in 2003 of any single FASTSIGNS store in the United Kingdom. A few years ago,the centre, which provides a full range of sign and graphic solutions, received a similarinternational award for sales achievement.

Now, as the sole owner of the centre, Jenny is the only single female owner of aFASTSIGNS store in the United Kingdom. She believes that both the FASTSIGNSnetwork and franchising in general are friendly to women.

"The sign and graphics industry is one in which women can compete very effectively, andFASTSIGNS' support for all its franchisees is very comprehensive," said Jenny.

"Signs and graphics are a form of marketing for business, and this is not a gender-specificindustry," she said.

"The Chelmsford FASTSIGNS centre has been one of our most successful stores in theUnited Kingdom, and we look forward to its continued success," said Larry Lane,FASTSIGNS' senior vice president of franchise relations and development. "Jenny excelsin sales, customer service and quality workmanship, which should help ensure futuresuccesses." Until very recently, Jenny also worked with FASTSIGNS International todevelop franchisees in the United Kingdom. Jenny has vacated that role to take on full-timemanagement of her FASTSIGNS centre.

FASTSIGNS International is an international franchisor of sign and graphics centres, andrecently opened its 450th centre worldwide. Centres are located in the United Kingdom, theUnited States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and in Australia, where they operate under the name,SIGNWAVE.


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2. Prontaprint Brighton Rocks

Within Brighton's cosmopolitan buzz and energy, young entrepreneurs John and Angela

Wilkinson run their Prontaprint Franchise with the same dynamism that encapsulates thesouth-coast city.

In just two years at their print-on-demand centre they have moved up over 60 places in theProntaprint rankings, more than doubling its turnover from 120k a year to well past 240k.This business triumph has brought with it all the trappings of success.

"Running a Prontaprint Franchise has radically changed the lifestyle that Angela and I havein a positive way," explains John. "When we first came here I had previously worked as asales consultant and had grown tired of the rat race, helping other people grow theircompanies. We decided that we wanted our own business direction suited to our personal

needs and Franchising seemed the natural way forward.

"Now we have the freedom to run our own business but with the back up and support of awell known brand. Prontaprint is one of the best-known names you can trade under with 93per cent prompted brand recognition according to recent research. That really limits therisks of launching your own start up."

"We did our research and we found Prontaprint to be a dynamic franchise organisationwhich suits people with the ambition and drive to succeed," adds Angela. "Being relativelyyoung, our energy has more than seen us through and Prontaprint has provided us with aproven formula for success. As long as you apply yourself as a Franchisee, the rewards are

definitely there for the taking."

The Prontaprint network offers a vast range of major organisations and blue chip clientswhich its Franchisees can develop print projects for. Names such as British Airways, HushPuppies, Oxfam, Exel Logistics and De Vere Hotels all utilise Prontaprint's business-to-business print solutions for their printed communication.

And its not just Prontaprint's clients that make the brand an attractive proposition forpotential Franchisees. The company also has one of the highest ratios of support staff toFranchisees in the UK Franchising industry - not surprising when you consider


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Prontaprint's commitment to quality and the fact that the organisation is a founder memberof the British Franchise Association.

Continues John: "Prontaprint's intensive training courses, sales kits, marketing collateral,handbooks, customer care guides, direct mail and PR support all play a crucial role inpromoting the brand. As Franchisees we also receive comprehensive support in sales &marketing, property matters, financial administration, IT, technical development, personneland business planning. In every case we benefit from one of the best support programmesin the business."

Concludes Angela: "Our business is really moving in the right direction thanks to thesupport we receive and, although the 'know-how' is there from Prontaprint and it's theirname that goes above the door, it's really is up to the Franchisee to make success out of it.That said, there's no doubt that we would recommend a Prontaprint Franchise to anyone

interested in running their own business and making lots of money."

The Prontaprint network is truly forging ahead, recruiting ambitious young entrepreneurswith a strong sales and business background who can carry the business even furtherforward. (Case studies taken from The British Franchise Association official Website -www.british-franchise.org)

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Questions

According to the text are the following statements True or False? If the statements areFalse, please correct them.


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Lesson 5: Grammar

Gerund or Infinitive

Gerunds are verbs used as nouns, and are formed by adding -ing to the infinitive.

E.g. dance - dancing, enjoy - enjoying, etc.

They are used:

1. After prepositions:

Before making decisions I always consult my friends.

I am quick at reaching conclusions.

After watching the film I went to bed.

2. After certain verbs (e.g. verbs of emotion Like, love, enjoy, hate, etc and verbs such asfinish and stop):

I love walking in the park.

We enjoy dancing on Saturdays.

I finished working at three o'clock.

3. As the subject of a sentence:

Translating French is a challenge.

Eating pizza is one of my favourite hobbies.

Checking detail is not one of my strong points.


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Infinitives are used:

1. After certain verbs:

To try to do something

To persuade somebody to do something, etc

To choose to do something

To decide to do something

To forget to do something

To promise to do something

To need to do something

To help somebody to do something

To hope to do something

To want to do something

To would like to do something

2. After certain adjectives:

Hard to do something

Easy to do something


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Questions

Complete the following sentences using a gerund or an infinitive.



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Franchising

Franchise Franquicia

Franchisee Franquiciado

Franchising Franquiciamiento

Franchisor Franquiciador

Accredited Acreditado

Non-accredited No acreditado

Advice Consejo

Affiliated AfiliadoAgreed by Acordado por

Among others Entre otros

Business format Formato de negocio

Ethics tica

European Franchise Federation (EFF) Federacin Europea de Franquicias

Invaluable De valor incalculable

Investment Inversin

Legislation Legislacin

License Licencia

Merchandising Comercializacin

Network La red, una redPromotion Promocin

Proposition Proposicin

Realism Realismo

Requirements Requisitos

Step-by-step Paso a paso

Support Apoyo

Trade name Nombre comercial

Training Programme Programa de formacin

Trade mark Marca comercial

Value Valor

Website Sitio web

Wisdom Sabidura

To acquire Adquirir

To appoint Apuntar, distinguir

To deliver Entregar

To disclose Revelar

To endeavour Intentar

To launch Lanzar

To run a business Llevar un negocio


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Find a word from the section above which corresponds to the following definitions.



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Lesson 6: Accounting & Banking

Key Vocabulary

Accounting deals with recording, summarizing and reporting a company's transactions.

There are various types of accounting:

Financial accounting

Cost accounting

Managerial accounting

A statement is a copy of the bank's account with you. It contains a record of the moneypaid into your account, money withdrawn, etc.

The balance is the total amount of money in your account.

A balance sheet is a vital part of accounting. It shows your company's financial position ata particular point in time. It could indicate one business to be in a strong financial positionand another to be in serious financial difficulties. By comparing balance sheets at differentperiods it is possible to find out the profit made.

Profit generation is the objective of a business and this requires the preparation ofprofitstatements.

Resources, debts and owner's interests are known correspondingly as assets, liabilities and

capital:

Assets - anything of value owned by a company.

Liabilities - financial obligations to outside parties such as a loan repayable to the bank.


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Capital - the sum of money invested in a business by the owners / partners / shareholders,etc. Capital represents the rights of owners to the assets after the prior claims of outsideparties (liabilities) have been satisfied in the event of the business closing.

E.g.

You set up a business with 1000. This money (Cash) is known as an Asset (1000). Theproprietor has introduced 1000 Capital.

The two are equal: Assets = Capital

One month later the owner buys a photocopier for 300. The business now has two assets:

Cash 700 + Photocopier 300 =Total: 1000 (Assets)

Capital introduced 1000 =Total: 1000 (Capital)

Six months later the owner decides to borrow 500 from the bank. The asset is increased.However, the company now owes the bank money.

Cash 1200 + Photocopier 300 =Total: 1500 (Assets)

This money owed to the bank is called a Liability:

Capital 1000 + Loan 500 = Total 1500 (Capital + Liabilities)

Therefore the Accounting Equation is:

Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Cost - money that is spent on maintaining a business. This includes wages, equipment, etc.

Expense - is a cost that benefits the company in an accounting period.


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Questions

(Haga click sobre las preguntas ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)


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Lesson 6: Banking

Banking

The pictures below show some of the everyday items and documents used in banking.Match each of these with the appropriate word from the following list.



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Lesson 6: Don't bank on it!

Don't bank on it!

The banking sector has been radically affected by technological change, especiallyautomation, to the extent that the industry is nearly unrecognisable compared to twentyyears ago. People are beginning to ask themselves, "What is a bank?"

The branch

Customers are now far more likely to transact business using a cashpoint machine than

facing a teller across the counter. Speed, efficiency and convenience seem to be the keyfactors in retail banking these days. As competition between banks increases, the ability toprovide new and more flexible products and services distinguishes winners from losers inthe market. Banking by telephone is set to become the norm for most personal clientswithin the next decade; the customer need never enter his or her local branch.

However, there is a price to be paid for these changes. Thousands of jobs have been lost inthe banking sector, and more are likely to go. The image of banking has become tarnished;along with many complaints about impersonal service and computer error, many peopledislike the more obvious sales role of banking staff. So, have banks allowed themselves tobe seduced too quickly by the promise of technology? Or, do we customers expect too

much of our bank these days? Do we need to change our thinking and accustom ourselvesto a different view of what banks can and cannot do?

Globalization

Another issue in banking is the question of globalization. It is not so many years ago thatthe term "global player" was on the lips of bankers in many countries across Europe, aproud boast in the faces of less adventurous provincial rivals. European banks madeexpensive purchases in the United States and elsewhere, some more successful than others.Cultural differences and ill-considered strategies have since shown that there is more to theprocess than simply putting a logo on a letterhead. While it is certainly true that banks need

to follow their customers and to be present in emerging markets, some have felt that theywould prefer to be national banks with an international presence, rather than trulymultinational institutions.

So where does banking go from here? The industry is changing so rapidly that it wouldneed a brave man to answer that question with any degree of confidence. Two things are,however, certain. Firstly, the information revolution that is taking place in all sectors of theindustry will continue to have far-reaching effects within financial institutions. Secondly, asa result of those changes, a bank of the twenty-first century will bear little resemblance toits historical forebears founded six hundred years ago.


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Questions(Haga click sobre las preguntas ver las respuestas; doble click vuelve a posicin original)

True or False

Please correct the false statements

Vocabulary

Find synonyms for the following words in the text.


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Lesson 6: Grammar

Expressions with Get

In English, the verb "To get" has many different meanings.

In the following sentences replace the word get with one of the verbs below.

arrive / have / become / earn / buy / catch / fetch / receive


Get + adverb / preposition

This is used to express movement.

Put the correct adverb or preposition in the gap so that it means the same as the verb.


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Accounting

Account Cuenta

Accountant Contable

Affair Asunto

Analysis Anlisis

Appreciation Apreciacin

Auditor Auditor

Balance Balance

Branch (bank) SucursalBudget Presupuesto

Capital Capital

Cash Dinero en metlico

Depreciation Depreciacin

Dividend Dividendo

Equity Ttulo valor

Expenses Gastos

Financier Financiero

Forecast Previsin

Funds FondosInvestment Inversin

Liability Liquidez / solvencia

Liquidation Liquidacin

Loan Prstamo

Margin Margen

Inflation Inflacin

Mortgage Hipoteca

Overdraft Rebasar el lmite de crdito

Party Parte (en contrato)

Percentage PorcentajeProfit Beneficio

Profitability Rentabilidad

Planning Planning / Planificacin

Procedure Procedimiento

Proprietor Propietario

Ratio Ratio

Record Record

Report Informe


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Responsibility Responsabilidad

Shares Acciones / participaciones (bolsa)

Statement Justificante / reciboTax Impuesto / tasa

Transaction Transaccin

Account holder Propietario

Financial difficulties Dificultades financieras

Financial transactions Transacciones financieras

Gross Profit Beneficio bruto

In balance En equilibrio

Interest rate Tasa de inters

Legal purposes Propsitos legalesLiquidity ratios Ratios de liquidez

Shareholder Accionista

The stock market La bolsa

To borrow Pedir prestado

To debit Cargar en cuenta

To declare Declarar

To decrease Disminuir

To defer Diferir

To determine DeterminarTo drop Dejar caer

To forecast Pronosticar

To grant Otorgar

To increase Aumentar

To invest Invertir

To justify Justificar

To lend Prestar

To manage Manejar

To purchase Comprar

To record Registrar

To reduce Reducir

To reflect Reflejar

To report Informar

To retain Retener

To repay Devolver

To set up Establecer

To summarize Resumir


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To withdraw Retirar

Lesson 6: Word puzzle

Word puzzle

Find the words hidden in the letters. They can be read horizontally and vertically. Nearly allthe words relate to money.

Print this page and complete the puzzle offline.


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Lesson 7: Insurance

Key Vocabulary

Insurance protects us against the financial consequences ofdamage orloss of our own orother people's property. It also provides financial compensation for accidental injury ordeath. For all types of insurance, the insurance company calculates the level of risk andfixes a premium. The insured person or company agrees to pay the premium. In return, theinsurance company guarantees to pay financial compensation if what is insured againsthappens. The details of each insurance are contained in the insurance policy. This showsthe risks that have been insured against and the levels of compensation that will be paid.When someone wishes to make a claim for compensation he or she completes anapplication form and submits it to the insurance company. The claim is then considered and

then either accepted or rejected.


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Lesson 7: Reading

Do you really need to be quoted happy?

Every day "peace-of-mind" insurance offers land on doormats across the country. Theutility companies are now at the forefront, blitzing householders with various plans. But arethey worth it? Some offer valuable protection, others are near junk. We found that a typicalfamily could spend more than 7,000 a year on cover if they bought all the offers. Ourguide pinpoints the insurances worth having, and the ones you should simply chuck in thebin

The Guardian, Saturday February 19, 2005

-------- ooo O ooo --------

Home contents insurance

Cost? 135 (Norwich Union - "new for old" cover, includes no claims discount and 60excess). Average contents policy is 151, although shopping around can reduce this to 87,according to the AA. Standard policies cover loss or damage by fire, theft or flooding.

Worth having? You'd be daft to go without, but one in four households doesn't have it. Inparticular, many people who rent don't insure their possessions.


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Travel Insurance

Cost? 175 First Direct (worldwide annual family policy).

Worth Having? Not at that price. Much better to go for one of the internet providers -Insurefor.com will offer the same family cover for 75, or a pared down version for 60year.

Pet Insurance

Cost? For a cat, 45 (Saga basic plan) to 142.50 (Petplan - SuperCat). For a dog, Saga'sminimum is 93, while Petplan's Supreme is 343. Prices depend on age, the excess and

levels of cover.

Worth Having? If you seriously dote on your cat then it is worth it. For example, to fix abroken leg on a cat costs 1,000. But those on tight budgets will find the average 50excess policy proves expensive and Moggy is better off staying fit and healthy.

Bicycle insurance

Cost? 50 (for a 500 bike).

Worth Having? Half a million bikes are stolen each year, but unless you own a 2,000bike, avoid a stand alone policy and stick it on your home contents which will add 10-15to the premium.


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Car insurance

Cost? 350 (comprehensive cover).

Worth having? The one insurance we are legally obliged to buy, but most of us pay toomuch because we are too lazy to shop around at renewal time. Insurers quote a low firstpremium and hope for an automatic renewal. Most people will save 50-80 by switching.

Sports injury insurance

Cost? 59.40 (Pinnacle child policy) to 312 (B&CE Insurance) according to level ofcover. Offers lump sum for broken bones and weekly payout to cover lost earnings whileoff work.

Worth having? Only if you're self-employed (and it runs out after 3-6mths). Largely awaste of cash for the employed. And why should children need it? An income protectionplan may be better value for the self employed.

Critical illness insurance

Cost? Around 2,800 for a policy paying a one-off lump sum of 150,000 if you contractany one of the insurer's specified illnesses.

Worth having? Can be hideously expensive, and prices vary markedly. Regularly oversold as an add-on when people are taking out a mortgage. Use a broker such aslifesearch.co.uk to find a better quote; for 150,000 cover on a 47-year-old, it said NUcharged 2,436, while BUPA were 2,820 a year.


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Wedding insurance

Cost? 100 to 300 (British Insurance Brokers Association). Covers the bridegroombreaking a leg or the marquee burning down.

Worth having? If it's going to be a very fancy do, perhaps it's worth it. But the averagecouple can probably do without this additional cost.

Life insurance

Cost? For a 250,000 policy covering both partners should either die in the next 15 years,the Prudential charges 1,070. Legal & General is cheaper at 869 while Scottish Providentis around average at 1,225.

Worth having? This policy will pay out while the children are still at home. But beforesigning up, the parents should check on life cover provision at their workplace and throughpension plans.

Mobile phone cover

Cost? The Link charges 96 for a typical policy for each contract phone. Pay-as-you-gophones for the children cost 19 to 49 according to the phone's value.

Worth having? Only if you are very careless, keep strictly to the policy conditions and areprepared to be patient in claiming. It is generally cheaper to buy a new phone. And mostcompanies will give a reconditioned phone to contract customers whose phone is lost orstolen.


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Garden insurance

Cost? 24.84 (Saga - only available as an add-on to its home insurance). Insures items suchas plants, lawns, rockeries, ponds, pergolas and gazebos for up to 1,000 against a range ofincidents including theft and malicious damage.

Worth having? Cover for outbuildings (sheds, greenhouses etc) is standard with mostbuildings insurance policies, and most home contents policies also offer some cover forpossessions in outbuildings and those in the open, says insurer ensure. So most peopleprobably won't need garden cover.

Dental insurance

Cost? Our family would typically pay 399 at Denplan assuming they were all in topdental health. This is not technically insurance but a form of maintenance contract whichspreads costs monthly. The fees pay for almost all care.

Worth having? Children can normally find free NHS treatment. Adults can avoid suddenbig bills should they need major dental care.

Alien abduction insurance

Cost? Yes, it does exist. A family is covered for life for a one-off 100 premium. Thepayout, assuming you survive the abduction and can claim, is 1m. It's only available frominsurers GRIP.

Worth having? Depends on your view of aliens and whether you believe they will scoophumans up into spaceships and then return them to Earth. So far, no claims have beensuccessful.

(Article reduced and pictures added)


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Questions


A)

B) Find synonyms in the text for the following words. (Words appear from the beginning ofthe article up to Critical Injury Insurance).


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Lesson 7: Grammar

The Conditional Form

a) 0 Conditional: Present + Present

If I go to work I use the telephone

b) 1st Conditional: Present Simple + Future (will)

If I go to New York I will see the Statue of Liberty.

c) 2nd Conditional: Past Simple + would + infinitive

If I won the lottery I would buy a big house

d) 3rd Conditional: Past Perfect + would have + past participle

If I had been to Paris I would have seen the Eiffel Tower.

N.B. As soon as and when can be used to mean IF.

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Practice


A) Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense.


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B) Write a sentence with iffor each situation.


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Insurance

Damage Dao

Financial compensation Compensacin financiera

Insurance Seguro

Insurance policy Pliza de seguros

Insurance broker Corredor de seguros

Level of risk Nivel de riesgo

Liability ObligacinLoss Prdida

Policy holder Suscriptor de la pliza

Premium Prima

Property Propiedad

Third party A terceros (seguro)

Underwriter Asegurados

Valuable protection Proteccin valiosa

To accept Aceptar

To quote CitarTo reject Rechazar

To settle Llegar a un acuerdo

To submit Ssometerse

To throw away Tirar


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Questions


A. Fill in the gaps with the correct word:

B. Who do the following definitions refer to?


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Lesson 8: Retailing

Key Vocabulary

Retailing is the general term covering all forms of selling goods to the public. It is aprofitable sector in the UK, especially for larger food retailers.

Retailer - In commerc

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