manoj ghadge_otpr course session 1

7/23/2019 Manoj Ghadge_OTPR Course Session 1

1/22

0TPR

Session 1: Theories, Concepts, Existence

COORDINATOR & FACILITATORProf. Manoj Ghadge


2/22

A FEW requests

Regular attendance

Be punctual to all classes

Respect others & others opinions

Mobile phones (in classrooms are to be switched off)

Participate wholeheartedly in all course related activities to

enable outstanding learning process

Scrutinize suggested readings / seminar material beforehand so as

to have a better understanding of the classroom learning

2


3/22

INTRODUCTION

Course Content[3 Credits, 24 Sessions, 1 Session = 75 minutes]

Module(s) Sessions

1. Fundamentals of Organization 2

2. Organizational Structure and Strategy 5

3. Contextual Dimensions of Organizational Structure 5

4. Open and Close System Approaches to Organizing 3

5. Dynamic Processes in Organizations 7

6. Group Presentation 1

7. Group Presentation 1

3


4/22

INTRODUCTION

Course Objectives

1. To develop a critical appreciation of central theoretical

themes

2. To develop abilities to assess and describe organization

3. To analyze complex and complicated situations in

organization

4


5/22

INTRODUCTION

Course Outcomes

At the end of the course, you should be able to;

Appreciate the importance of organizational structure

Explain the role of culture, technology, and environment in

designing organizations

Conduct a SWOT analysis

Explain the role of strategic fit

5


6/22

INTRODUCTION

Course Pedagogy

1. Class lectures

2. Case discussion

3. Group assignments

4. Students presentations

Experiential learning & Participative approach

6


7/22

INTRODUCTIONDetails of Evaluation components

(other than mid-term & end term)

Sr. No. Type of Assessment Weightage Schedule in the session plan

1 Mid-term exam

(Close Book)

25 After 12 session

2 End-term exam

(Close Book)

25 After 24 session

3 Review of a research

paper

10 At the end of 10th session

4 Report on group

project

20

15 -Report

5- Presentation

At the end of 22nd session

Presentation on

group project

23rd and 24th session

5 Quiz 20 Surprise quiz. There will be at least 4

quizzes; two of them will be before the

mid-term and remaining will be post

mid-term.

7


8/22

INTRODUCTION

Assignments

Review of research paper

Work in working group

Last date of submission : 1st day of mid-term examination

Submit both soft and hard copies

Group Project

Work in working group

Last date of submission : 1st day of end-term examination

Submit both soft and hard copies

8


9/22

DISCUSSION POINTS

1. Concept of Organization

2. Why do organizations exist?

3. Why organize at all?

9


10/22

What is a Theory

Theory:

Set of ideas - Assumptions proved logically

Proven proposition(s) - Based on experience

Reality for someone - Context specific

A theory is a statement predicting which action willlead to which results and why.

10


11/22

Definition

Theory : -

Is a plan or scheme existing in the mind only, but

based on principles verifiable by experiment or

observation (Funk & Wagnalls, pg. 1302)

11


12/22

Organization - Meaning!

ORGANIZATION -is a consciously coordinated social entity, with relatively

identifiable boundary, that functions on a relatively continuous

basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

1. CONSCIOUSLY COORDINATED imply management (decision making and

problem solving with optimization of resources)

2. soCIAL ENTITY means people/group of people who interact with each

other

3. RELATIVELY IDENTIFIABLE BOUNDARYevery organization has a boundary that

must differentiates who is and who is not a part of that organization

12


13/22

What are Organizations

Definition:

Social entities, that are goal-directed, are designed as

deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems,

and are linked to external environment; are made up of

peopleand their relationships with one another to perform

essential functions that help attain goals (Daft 2013, pg. 12)

13


14/22

What is Organization Theory?

Definition:

It is the discipline that studies the structure and design of

organizations. It refers to both the descriptive and

prescriptive aspects of the discipline. It describes how

organizations are actually structured and offers suggestion

on how they can be constructed to improve their

effectiveness (Robbins 2013, pg. 6)

14


15/22

Why to study Organization Theory

Organization Theory (OT) has developed from systematic study

of organizationsby scholars and has a practical application.

OT helps us :

To explain what happened in the past, as well as what may

happen in the future, so that we can manage organizations

more effectively.

To understand, diagnose, and respond to emerging

organizational needs and problems.

15


16/22

Organization Theories

3 Major Classical Theories

Theme: Focus on Task and Performance

1. Scientific Management Theory - Fredrick W. Taylor

2. Bureaucratic Theory - Max Weber

3. Administrative Theory - Henry Fayol

16


17/22

Scientific Management Theory

- Fredrick W. Taylor : 4 fundamental principles

Advocated application of scientific methods to improve productivity;

Work methods can be scientifically designed for efficiency, which results

in the one best methodfor doing a job, optimization of performance of

work to achieve one best method

The best workers should be selected and trained in the new onebest

method

There should be a spirit of cooperation between management and

workers; management and worker must share responsibility for thedesign and conduct of work

Motivation results from monetary gain

17


18/22

Administrative Theory

- Henry Fayol: 14 Principles Division of workSpecialization

increases output

Authority Managers responsibility

through execution of authority

DisciplineFollow organizational code

of conduct (rules) Unity of CommandEvery employee

should receive order from one superior

Unity of DirectionOne manager one

plan one group for performing of

organizational activities

Subordination of Individual InterestsOrganizations goals important than

that of individual/group of individuals

RemunerationFair wages to workers

CentralizationDegree to which

subordinates are involved in decision

making

Scalar ChainLine of authority from top

to bottom

OrderPeople and materials should be in

the right place at right time

EquityManagers should be kind and fair

to subordinates

Stability of Tenure of PersonnelOrderly

personnel planning and replacements to

fill vacancies

InitiativeEmployees involved in

originating and carrying out plans should

exert high levels of efforts

Esprit de CorpsPromote teamwork

18


19/22

Bureaucratic Theory

- Max Weber

Bureaucracy became the design prototype (model, example) for the

structure of most oftodays large organizations.

SYSTEMS dominated the functioning of organization

Division of labour

Clear authority hierarchy

Formal selection procedures

Detailed rules and regulations

Impersonal relationships

19


20/22

2. WHY DO ORGANIZATIONS EXISTS?

Every individual is enriched with knowledge either in the form of

information or in the form of skill-sets that, which is limited

to perform specific tasks.

Thus, organizations exist because synergy can be achieved by

combining human resources. Together, those in an

organization can produce more than the sum total output of

individuals working alone.

20


21/22

3. WHY ORGANIZE AT ALL?

Bring together resources to achieve desired goals

Produce goods and services efficiently

Accommodate challenges of diversity, ethics, and

coordination

Create value for owners, customers, employees

Adapt to and influence a rapidly changing environment

Use modern manufacturing and information technologies

Facilitate innovation

21


22/22

E.g. The Division of Labour in a pin factory

to describe benefits of specialization

One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a

fourth points it at the top for receiving the head: to make the head

requires two or three distinct operations: to put it on is a particular

business, to whiten the pins is another and the important

business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about

eighteen distinct operations, which in some manufactories are all

performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will

sometime perform two or three of them. (The Wealth of Nations,

1776)

22

manoj ghadge_otpr course session 1

Documents