Quick Write 9-3-10

• Do you think states should have the right to nullify or declare not valid laws that the federal government makes?

Manifest Destiny

• Common American idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific.

• "...It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits, and that as it shall be extended  the bonds of our Union, so far from being weakened, will become stronger..."

•  ~ From the inaugural address of James K. Polk,  11th President (1845-49)

Louisiana Purchase• Under Jefferson the

size of the country increased considerably

• Kentucky

• Tennessee

• Ohio

• And the Jackpot Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase

• 4/30/1803- Congress overwhelmingly approved

• US paid $11.25 million and almost doubled its size

• 828,000 square miles

• Less than 3 cents per acre

Florida• Florida was a source of frustration for Southerners

• Slaves would run away and hide in Florida

• Spain was unable to control border

• Jackson sent troops in• Under pressure, Spain

ceded all of Florida

Russian Worries• Concerns about

Russia’s growing interest in the American Northwest.

• In 1821 Russia had announced that its empire extended south from Alaska to Oregon Territory

Russian WorriesMonroe Doctrine-

Monroe decided to issue a statement (1823), declaring that the American continents should no longer be viewed as open to colonization

Missouri is Stirring Up Trouble• The matter of statehood

for Missouri stirred up disagreements

• 1819 the Union consisted of

11 free and 11 slave states. • Admitting any new state

would upset the balance of political power in the Senate

Missouri Compromise

• Maine wanted in too, but as a free state

• So a year after Missouri requested admission as a slave state they both were let in

• Senate agreed that there could be no more slave states in Louisiana Territory

• This issue over Missouri was a sign of the divisions between the N and S

Pushing West

• Had our eyes set on California and Oregon even though other nations had partial claims to it

• Remember Manifest Destiny

Pushing West

• We add 5 More States in 1845• Andrew Jackson leads America on its

quest to dominate the land out west• Under Jackson, America passes the

Indian Removal Act• Entire tribes are up rooted and moved

West to reservations, either by choice or by force

We add more states in 1845

• The nation was pushing west. Land and other resources were vital, but Indians owned the land and stood in the way.

• In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.

• The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects.

• The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died.

Route

Quote

• "I have no motive, my friends, to deceive you. I am sincerely desirous to promote your welfare. Listen to me, therefore, while I tell you that you cannot remain where you are now. It is impossible that you can flourish in the midst of a civilized community. You have but one remedy in your reach. And that is to remove to the West and join your countrymen."

• President Andrew Jackson, Washington, 1835, addressing Cherokee delegation

Quote

• "Whole nations melt away like snowballs in the sun. The White men have surrounded us, leaving only a little spot of ground to stand upon, and it seems to be their intention to destroy us as a Nation."Chief Dragging Canoe, The Trail of Tears Cherokee Legacy, Rich-Heape Films, 2006

Quote

"I fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew." Georgia militiaman, Jahoda, 1939

Jacksonian Democracy

• Along with Jackson’s push to move out the Indians, Jackson moved in a number of good friends, to the government

• He practiced the spoils system, appointing people to jobs based on loyalty

• However, Jackson would have to turn his attention to a national crisis

State Issues

• South Carolina depended on many of its manufactured goods coming from England

• The United States had just passed a new tax making these goods almost unaffordable

• Vice President John C. Calhoun, who was from South Carolina tried to find a way for his state to avoid this tax

State Issues• Calhoun put forth the idea of

nullification• Nullification basically allows a

state to declare a federal law null or not valid

• This nullification issue would only grow when a second tax was passed

• Carolina had threaten to secede from the Union

• Jackson even sent a warship to Charleston

War With Mexico

• Mexico is outraged that Texas joins the Union

• Before war was declared settlers in Northern CA began an uprising against Mexico

• On June 14,1846 they declared CA independent and renamed the region the Bear Flag Republic

California

• Within a month American navy forces arrived to occupy ports of San Francisco & San Diego

• Claimed the Republic for the US

Mexico Lost

• After refusing to give up, Mexico finally surrendered in 1848 (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)

• Gained 500,000 square miles

• 7 new states added: CA, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming

• BAD for them GOOD for us

More Land, More issues

• The delicate balance of states rights and the balance between free states and slave states was quickly coming to head

• Civil War was almost around the corner

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Causes of Civil War