manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree tssr 1 2 l3-lm n c3 p 3...
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![Page 1: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by artificialperiodic structures (Invited Paper)
Zelenchuk, D., & Fusco, V. (2015). Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by artificial periodicstructures (Invited Paper). Paper presented at The Exeter Microwave Metamaterials Meeting, Exeter, UnitedKingdom.
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Download date:25. May. 2021
![Page 2: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
September 2004
Manipulation of circular polarised
electromagnetic waves by
artificial periodic structures
D. Zelenchuk, and V. Fusco
December 8, 2015
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Circularly polarised wave
RHCP wave
LHCP waveThe hand is defined from the point of view of the source
|𝐸𝑥| = |𝐸𝑦| 𝜑𝑦 − 𝜑𝑥 = ±𝜋
2
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Outline
• Spectral selectivity: CP frequency
selective surfaces
• Beam forming: Conical beam generation
with rotational phase shift
• Polarisation selectivity: circularly
polarised selective surface (CPSS)
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Motivation
o Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) remain a key
component of satellite antenna feeding sub-systems
o They provide low-loss filtering and beam-splitting
capacity that allows using single antenna for multi-
band operation
o FSS is dual-polarisation or even circular polarisation
(CP) properties
o Properties of the dielectric stack utilised to support
printed FSS structure becomes crucial for successful
design
![Page 6: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Specification
Ku-band Ka-band
Frequencies
(GHz)
11.7-12.75 17.3-20.2
Losses (dB) Reflected
<0.25dB
Transmitted
<0.25dB
Rejection
(dB)
30 dB N/A
Axial Ratio
(dB)
0.25 0.25
45 degree angle of incidence!
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CP FSS
Γ𝑖 = −1
1 + 2𝑍𝑐 𝑍0
Γ𝑐𝑇𝐸 = Γ𝑐
𝑇𝑀
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Air-filled design
Ku-band Reflection Ka-band Transmission
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Manufactured material stack
Material stack inside the structure
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Full-wave simulation of the
FSS with different stack
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Measured results:
Substrate only
10 15 20 25-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0Reference
Frequency (GHz)M
agnitude(d
B)
Rvv sim
Rhh sim
Rvv meas
Rhh meas
There is a notable difference between the
measured results and simulation of the
material stack
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Measured results
εr =1.02 0 00 1.05 00 0 1.05
tan δ =0.007 0 0
0 0.012 00 0 0.007
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Measured results:FSS10 15 20 25
-40
-30
-20
-10
02face
Frequency (GHz)
Magnitude(d
B)
Tvv sim
Thh sim
Tvv meas
Thh meas
10 15 20 25-40
-30
-20
-10
02face
Frequency (GHz)
Magnitude(d
B)
Rvv sim
Rhh sim
Rvv meas
Rhh meas
0 5 10 15 20 250
10
20
30
40
50
60
Frequency (GHz)
Axia
l ra
tio(d
B)
2face
Meas T
Meas R
Sim T
Sim R
0 10 200
1
2
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Conical beam applications
• Conical beam antennas have omnidirectional
radiation pattern in azimuth and a notch in the
normal direction
• “Exotic” applications :
– Data transfer by free-space modes with
non-zero orbital angular momentum
– Vortex coronography, where object is in
the “shadow” of much brighter one
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Conical beam generation
spiral phase plate
helicoidal dish sectorial spiral reflector
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Spiral phase plate
s1
llforl
s ,21
Generation of helical beam: (a) amplitude of incident Gaussian beam,
(b) spiral phase plate, (c) amplitude of resultant Laguerre-Gaussian beam.
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Rotational phase shift
y' y
x'
xqr
h
t
irr
rr
y
x
rr
rrR EE
cossin
sincos
0
0
cossin
sincos
'
'
'' yx
zkji e
j
1
2
1E
zkjrjxR e
je
1
2
12'
qE
CP excitation
Half-wave plate
condition
Unit cell of the
reflecting FSS
![Page 18: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LP analysis of reflecting FSS
8 9 10 11 12-60
-40
-20
0
Frequency (GHz)
|| (d
B)
yy
yx
xy
xx
8 9 10 11 12-200
-100
0
100
200
Frequency (GHz)
()
yy
xx
a1
R1
R3
x'
R2
R4
a2
y'
R1,mm R2,mm R3,mm R4,mm
4.7 5.9 6.8 8
a1, deg a2, deg h, mm d, mm
21 95 7.5 19
d
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CP analysis of reflecting FSS
y' y
x'
xqr
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
|| (d
B)
-50 0 50-400
-200
0
200
400
qr ()
()
rcplcp
rcprcp
lcplcp
lcprcp
zkjrjxR e
je
1
2
12'
qE
8 9 10 11 12-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency (GHz)
|| (d
B)
lcp lcp
rcp lcp
Out Inrcp lcp
lcp lcp
![Page 20: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
10x10 array factor
0,0,2tan
0,tan
0,0,tan
),(
1
1
1
yxx
y
xx
y
yxx
y
yx
m n
nymxnykmxkjmn eAAF
)),(sinsincossin(,
qqq
Predicted array factor of the 10x10 array with
spiral phase distribution (a) amplitude, (b) phase.
Array factor of a finite array with given phase distribution.
![Page 21: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
10x10 array EM simulation
0,0,2tan
0,tan
0,0,tan
),(
1
1
1
yxx
y
xx
y
yxx
y
yx
),( nm yx
Simulated 3D bi-static RCS of the 10x10 slit ring reflectarray with
spiral phase distribution.
![Page 22: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Manufactured sampley
x
0,0,2tan
0,tan
0,0,tan
),(
1
1
1
yxx
y
xx
y
yxx
y
yx
The reflector has been milled from a 1mm thick aluminum with
solid aluminum ground plane. The 7.5mm separation is
maintained with plastic screws.
![Page 23: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Measurement setup
Rotating fixture
with reflector and
receiving Fermi
antenna
The setup consists of
illuminating dual-
polarized horn and
rotating fixture with
reflector and receiving
Fermi antenna
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Receiving fixture
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-40
-30
-20
-10
0
q ()
Radia
tion p
attern
(dB
)
10 GHz
E-plane
H-plane
Fermi antenna and its radiation pattern in E- and H-plane
Rotating fixture with the
reflector and Fermi antennaFermi antenna foam fixture
![Page 25: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LP measurement resultMeasured results Freq: 10.4
-20 0 20-60
-40
-20
0
Radia
tion p
attern
(dB
)
q ()
Pol:xx Plane:xz
-20 0 20-60
-40
-20
0
Pol:yx Plane:yz
q ()
measured
simulated
measured
simulated
Comparison of simulated and measured radiation patterns
(normalised) when excited by a normally incident x-polarized
plane wave at 10.4 GHz.
(a) Eq for =0 and -90<q<90 (b) Eq for =90 and -90<q<90
![Page 26: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CP measurement results
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30-30
-20
-10
0
(a)
q ()
Radia
tion p
attern
(dB
)
measured
simlated
(b)
Comparison of simulated and measured radiation patterns
(normalised) in plane =0 when excited by a normally incident
CP-polarized plane wave at 10.4 GHz.
![Page 27: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Transmit-array
y' y
R1 R3
𝛼1
𝛼2
x
x'
𝜃𝑟
R2
R4
𝑡
(a) (b)
𝑡
h
Measurement setup
Unit cell
![Page 28: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Measured radiation pattern
(a) RHCP, (b) LHCP excitation
Magnitude Phase
![Page 29: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Polarisation selectivity (CPSS)
(a) (b)
Reciprocal symmetrical right-hand circular polarisation
selective surface: (a) – reflection, (b) – transmission.
![Page 30: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Jones matrix formulation
𝑇𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑓
=𝑆𝑥𝑥21 𝑆𝑥𝑦
21
𝑆𝑦𝑥21 𝑆𝑦𝑦
21 =𝐴 𝐵𝐶 𝐷
𝑇𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑓
=1
2
𝐴 + 𝐷 − 𝑗(𝐵 − 𝐶 𝐴 − 𝐷 + 𝑗(𝐵 + 𝐶 𝐴 − 𝐷 − 𝑗(𝐵 + 𝐶 𝐴 + 𝐷 + 𝑗(𝐵 − 𝐶
𝑇𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑓
=0 00 𝑆𝐿𝐶𝑃,𝐿𝐶𝑃
21 𝐴 = 𝐷 = 𝑗𝐵, 𝐵 = −𝐶
RHCPSS: LP and CP Jones matrices
General case: LP and CP Jones matrices
![Page 31: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Single SRR model
Co-polar
Cross-polar
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SRRs magnetic coupling
𝐿𝑚 = 𝑘ℎ𝐿3
Coupling inductance
Twisted SRR
Unit cell
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Equivalent circuit of
90 degree TSSR
1
2
C3 pC3 pL3-Lm nL3-Lm n
3
4
L3-Lm nL3-Lm nC3 pC3 p
2*Lm n2*Lm n
2*Lm n2*Lm n1
2
1
2
C1 pC1 p
C1 pC1 p
L2 nL2 nC2 pC2 p
C2 pC2 pL2 nL2 n
![Page 34: Manipulation of circular polarised electromagnetic waves by ......90 degree TSSR 1 2 L3-Lm n C3 p 3 4 C3 p L3-Lm n 2*Lm n 2*Lm n 1 2 1 2 C1 p C1 p C2 p L2 n L2 n C2 p Fitted vs CST](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081411/60ac3b3eea2125136a07efe6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fitted vs CST
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RHCPSS
RO 4003C h3=0.5mm
Rohacell foam h2=5mm
RO 4003C, h1=0.5mm
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Measurement RHCPSS