Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Yellow mangrove

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Yellow mangroves are so called because of their yellow-green leaves.

Ceriops tagal var. australis (yellow mangrove) is a member of the Rhizophoraceae family. It is found throughout the Indo-Pacific region and distributed across northern Australia, extending south to the Tweed River on the east coast and to Broome in Western Australia.

This species is commonly found on firm, peaty, well drained clays, clayey mud or sand clays at the upper tidal limit of the mangrove shore. Here, infrequent tidal inundation aids in accumulating leaves and twigs, which decompose to form peat.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Yellow mangrove also grows in soils that are poorly drained and frequently inundated by the tides, where it forms low, open shrub lands.

DescriptionThis species can grow from a shrub of 0.5-1 m to a small slender tree of 2-7 m.

The bark is yellowish or light brown to grey, and is roughened by corky lenticels (air pores) along the trunk.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The base of the tree is buttressed (a distinguishing feature) and leaves are yellow-green with dark green in shaded areas.

Leaves grow to 7 cm long and 4 cm wide, are oval-shaped with a notched tip and are slightly curled under at the edges. They are arranged opposite one another in groups at the ends of branchlets.

Flowers are white and about 6 mm long, and appear in pairs at the base of the leaves.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Buttressed trunks are a distinguishing feature of the yellow mangrove.

Flowering and fruitingFlowering occurs between September and December. Flowers open in the late afternoon and are pollinated by night-flying insects, such as moths.

Brown, pear-shaped fruit that is 10 to 12 mm long appear between December and January. A smooth, tapered, cylindrical propagule of 10 to 15 cm protrudes through the fruit wall and is

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in suspended vertically beneath the fruit. This propagule often takes on a reddish colour as it matures until it is shed into the water with the fruit.

Salt toleranceThis species excludes salts through its roots as water is taken up.

Uses

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The timber is tough and dark brown. It can be used as a tanning agent, as dye and

in medicines. It has substantial value as fisheries and wildlife habitats.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Milky mangrove

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Milky mangrove leaves often grow in a mixed mangrove community and have leaves that may be green or yellow.

Excoecaria agallocha (milky or blind-your-eye mangrove) is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, and distributed from northern New South Wales up to Queensland and through to Western Australia.

In Queensland, it is a mangrove of the upper tidal limits that occurs at the landward fringe of the community, often in mixed stands with the grey mangrove, river mangrove and white-flowered black mangrove (Lumnitzera racemosa).

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in DescriptionMilky mangrove grows up to 10 m high and has grey to fawn-brown bark marked with longitudinal rows of corky brown air pores. It has surface roots that uptake oxygen when exposed to air at low tide.

Its pale green to yellow leaves are attached alternately on the stems, and measure up to 11 cm long and 4 cm wide. They are oval with a pointed tip, rounded at the base and often finely toothed at the edges.

Milky mangrove timber is light, soft and pale.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The major feature of this mangrove is the milky sap that exudes from the plant when branches or leaves are broken. The sap is poisonous, and can cause severe skin irritation and temporary blindness if it comes into contact with the eyes.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The milky mangrove is so named because of the white sap that exudes when stems or leaves are broken.

Flowering and fruitingMinute flowers 2 mm in diameter appear from October to April. Male and female flowers are located on separate trees and occur on spikes 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, growing from stems among foliage.

Fruiting occurs throughout the year with the appearance of small, three-lobed, fleshy, green capsules about 5 mm in diameter and arranged in clusters. Each lobe contains a single seed

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in that is released from the capsule as it opens. The seeds are buoyant due to an air space within the seed coat, and they float with the tides and currents until they encounter a suitable soil. Germination then takes place and seedling development occurs.

UsesMilky mangrove is used for incense, canoe construction, pollen for beekeepers, shoreline protection, and provision of habitat for marine and terrestrial wildlife. The sap may be used for fish poison and medicinally in treating chronic ulcerous diseases, such as leprosy.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Primary Industries od

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Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Grey mangrove

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Grey mangroves are common in Queensland. Avicennia marina (grey mangrove) belongs to the Avicenniaceae family. It is the most common and widespread mangrove found along the mainland coast of Australia. It is the only mangrove species able to withstand the cooler climates of South Australia and Victoria.

Grey mangrove occurs in intertidal zones on a range of soft muds to sandy soils. It is common along the tidal margins of estuaries and along saline or brackish river areas where it may grow with river, red and other mangrove species. As a pioneer species, grey mangrove commonly colonises developing mud banks.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in DescriptionGrey mangrove generally grows to 25 m high, though trees of 10 to 15 m are common in Queensland under favourable conditions. Trees have a large trunk covered by light grey, finely fissured bark that supports a spreading leafy crown.

Leaves measure up to 8 cm in length and 5 cm in width. They are oval, pointed and arranged opposite one another on the stems. The leaves are glossy green above with a distinctive pale and slightly hairy, grey underside. Stomata (pores) and salt glands are scattered over the entire leaf surface but are more abundant on the underside. Flowers are small and yellow, and appear in clusters.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in A distinguishing feature of this species is the numerous spongy pencil-like pneumatophores (peg-like roots) that spread out from the base of the trunk. Pneumatophores originate from horizontal, underground lateral roots and grow vertically through the soil surface to enable the mangrove roots to breathe.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The peg-like roots of the grey mangrove can form a dense covering over the ground.

Flowering and fruitingFlowering occurs in mid to late summer. The pale green, flattened fruits (3 cm long and 2 cm wide) consist of a thin, hairy seed coat and enclose two closely folded seed leaves. The seeds germinate while attached to the tree (vivipary), which allows for quick establishment once the seed settles.

Salt tolerance

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in As a pioneer species, grey mangrove is very tolerant of extreme saline conditions as it actively resists the uptake of salt at the roots. Grey mangroves can also withstand short periods of inundation by freshwater or hypersaline water (salinity exceeding that of seawater). However, all mangroves are susceptible to extended periods of waterlogging, with death occurring within 14 days.

UsesAustralian Aboriginals and Europeans used grey mangrove timber for shields and boat building respectively due to its light weight and strength. Grey mangrove timber was also an

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in important resource for oyster growers in the 1900s, which led to the protection of mangroves under early fisheries legislation.

Grey mangroves stabilise river banks and channels, provide areas for spat settlement in oyster culture, act as a source of pollen for beekeepers, and provide suitable habitats for waterbirds and juveniles of important recreational and commercial fish species. Grey mangroves also increase the amenity value of our waterways by screening development and buffering storm surges and wind.

nd 1995-2012.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Queensland Government

Orange mangrove

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The orange mangrove has distinctive ´knee roots´.

Bruguiera gymnorhiza (orange mangrove) belongs to the Rhizophoraceae family and is widespread across northern Australia. It ranges along the east coast from the Clarence River in New South Wales to Cape York and west to Darwin in the Northern Territory.

This species prefers firm, well drained, muddy soils that experience only a few high tides each month. It is often the most landward of mangroves and is common in areas subject to freshwater influence, such as brackish reaches of tidal streams.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in DescriptionOrange mangrove reaches up to 20 m. Its key feature is its knobbly, bent knee-shaped pneumatophores that are involved in gaseous exchange. These roots develop from the underground root system and protrude through the soil surface at intervals.

The bark is fissured, rough in texture and grey-brown in colour. Buttressing is sometimes present at the base of the trunk.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Large leaves grow to 20 cm long and 7 cm wide. They are smooth, thick, elliptical in shape and arranged in opposite pairs on the ends of branches. The upper leaf surface is glossy and dark green, while the underside is paler green.

The leaf stalk is tinged with red and flowers appear at the base of the leaves.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Orange mangroves have rough fissured bark, glossy large leaves and red flowers.

Flowering and fruitingFlowering occurs throughout the year, with single-seeded fleshy fruits appearing from August to February. Seeds suspend vertically beneath a red, cup-shaped flower.

After germinating and falling from the tree, the seed floats to be dispersed by the movement of the tides.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in Salt toleranceThis species excludes sea salt from its roots as seawater is taken up. Although some salt is taken up, it is removed as it accumulates in the leaves that grow old and fall from the plant.

Uses

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in The timber is hard, durable and yellow. It is commonly used overseas in the construction of houses, boats and fish traps. Other uses include firewood and tanning fish nets. The fruit is edible once cooked  introduction

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Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Plant Diversity - Mangroves

Mangroves are what we call the collection of salt tolerant plants that are found along coastal areas and up rivers in the tropics and subtropics. There are 34 species of mangroves in Queensland with a total of only 69 species worldwide. Boardwalks have been installed at several locations in the Wet Tropics area and this makes a wander through the mangrove forest enjoyable and easy - but don't forget your insect repellent!

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

These salt tolerant plants have adapted for where they live. Each high tide, the sea floods their roots and trunks. The mangroves have a number of different systems to handle all this salt:

their roots can prevent its absorption by filtering it out they can concentrate the salt in older leaves which fall off, taking their

accumulated salt with them some species have salt glands which actually excrete the salt onto the

surface of the leaves where it is washed away by the rain.

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Some species of mangroves are more salt tolerant than others and, because of this, there are distinct zones in a mangrove forest where the boundaries between species can easily be seen. The less salt tolerant trees are actually on the seaward side as they will be frequently washed by seawater. Salt pans are uncommon in the Wet Tropics but can be found in extremely saline situations. Salt meadows of salt tolerant grasses and fleshy herbs occur in small patches among mangroves on higher and drier areas inundated only by king tides. Small depressions form salt scalds after the sea water evaporates. Salt pans, salt meadows and salt scalds are more extensive in the drier northern and southern

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

extremities of the Wet Tropics.

Mangroves actually enhance their own environment, in a way. The root systems are designed to trap silt - the more silt builds up, the more mangroves can grow, and trap more silt and make more muddy areas for more mangroves. But mangroves have had to adapt to all this mud. In terrestrial plants, the soil gets soaked from rain and then dries out, allowing air to reach the roots. This doesn't happen with mangroves as there is little to no oxygen available in the heavy mud, so these plants have adapted their roots to be able to get oxygen without extracting it from the mud. Their roots grow up out of the mud so that

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

oxygen is accessed straight from the air. Many of the root types are distinctive to the species of mangrove so the plant's genus can be identified sometimes by the root type alone.

 Some common root types (the roots that grow up out of the mud are called pneumatophores) are:

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in

Chost Crabs

DesignThe Creator has given this crab an exceptional ability that helps it survive during the winter. The ghost crab stores oxygen in air sacs near its gills. During its winter hibernation, it uses this stored oxygen while it remains buried in the sand.

Features The ghost crab is aptly named. It is a pale, sandy color, making it almost invisible on

the sand. Its black eyes are held aloft on stalks. Like all true crabs, the ghost crab has five pairs of legs, the first of which is a pair of

claws (called chelipeds), one of which is larger than the other.

Fun Facts The ghost crab is sometimes called the sand crab. These crabs tunnel up to four feet into the sand at a 45° angle, creating 1 to 2 inch-

wide holes, which speckle the beach. The ghost crab can move at speeds up to 10 miles per hour (4.5 m/s), while making

sharp directional changes. This creatures uses its sharp 360-degree vision to see flying insects and catch them in

mid air.

The ghost crab has the ability to “deposit feed”—it passes sand through its mouthparts

Why are microalgae important? Marine plants, including mangroves, seagrass, samphires, saltcouch and saltmarsh plants, algae and other plants growing adjacent to the tidal zone, are specifically protected under the Queensland Fisheries Act 1994. The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) recognises that this broad definition includes a diverse group of microalgae found within sediments of fish habitats such as mudflats, sandflats, salt marshes, tidal marshes and estuaries.

Microalgae are extremely important for primary production within intertidal habitats and constitute a major food source for higher trophic levels. A number of activities such as dredging and extractive industries may impact on fish habitats and microalgae populations and the impacts could lead to reduced local and regional fisheries production.

Although algae are included in the definition of marine plants, there are practical difficulties in