MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV): NO SHOTS – NO SCHOOL

AUDREY MUNNAMY ROELSE

INTRODUCTION

• MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS HELP PREVENT ILLNESS BEFORE A CHILD IS EXPOSED TO CERTAIN DISEASES – DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA, HPV

• THERE ARE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES TO IMMUNIZING A CHILD AGAINST THESE DISEASES

OBJECTIVES

• GET THE FACTS ABOUT DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA, HPV AND THE VACCINES TO PREVENT THEM

• EXPLORE AND ANALYZE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IMMUNIZING A CHILD AGAINST THESE DISEASES

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• POLICIES – REQUIRED IMMUNIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

• DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, PERTUSSIS (DTP)

• POLIO• MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA (MMR)• HEPATITIS B• MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS• VARICELLA (CHICKEN POX)

Table 1.Estimated numbers of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths prevented by routine childhood immunization for selected vaccine-preventable diseases among children born during the Vaccines for Children era in the United States, 1994 to 2013

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• POLICY - WAIVERS• PARENTS/GUARDIANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE HEALTHCARE DECISIONS THAT

THEY FEEL ARE BEST FOR THEIR CHILD• THE STATE OF MICHIGAN RECOGNIZES A PARENT’S/GUARDIAN’S RIGHT TO WAIVER

IMMUNIZING THEIR CHILD IN MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CASES• IMMUNIZATION WAIVERS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST AT THE LOCAL HEALTH

DEPARTMENT• SIGNED AND CERTIFIED WAIVERS ARE FILED WITH THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• RESEARCH – RECOMMENDED IMMUNIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN• ROTAVIRUS (RV)• HIB• PNEUOMOCOCCAL (PCV)• HEPATITIS A• HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)• INFLUENZA• ZOSTER (SHINGLES)

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• FINANCES – INSURANCE COVERS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV• FINANCES – PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES MAKE MONEY ON CHILDHOOD

IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV• RESOURCES – THERE ARE MANY RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC

ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV• RESOURCES – THERE ARE MANY RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC

ABOUT THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• POLITICAL ISSUES – THE STATE OF MICHIGAN LAW REQUIRES CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS FOR SCHOOL ENTRY AND ATTENDANCE

• POLITICAL ISSUES – THE STATE OF MICHIGAN LAW ALSO ALLOWS WAIVERS FOR MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CONTRAINDICATIONS

• ETHICAL ISSUES – AUTONOMY AND PARENTS’/GUARDIANS’ RIGHTS• ETHICAL ISSUES – BENEFICENCE AND NONMALEFICENCE

ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT

• NURSING PRACTICE – DOCTORS’ OFFICE NURSES AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT NURSES ADMINISTER CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV

• NURSING PRACTICE – SCHOOL NURSES REPORT REQUIRED CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS TO THE STATE

• QUALITY AND SAFETY ISSUES – DOCTORS’ OFFICE NURSES AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT NURSES ENSURE THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF VACCINES

• QUALITY AND SAFETY ISSUES – SCHOOL NURSES ENSURE THE VERIFICATION OF IMMUNIZATION RECORDS AND CERTIFICATION OF WAIVERS

INFERENCES

• MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV HELP PREVENT DISEASES - DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS, POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA, HEPATITIS B, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, VARICELLA

• CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS AND ADOLESCENT HPV ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN SOME MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CASES

• CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED ARE AT RISK FOR CONTRACTING THESE DISEASES AND SPREADING THEM TO OTHER CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED

IMPLICATIONS/CONSEQUENCES

• MANDATORY CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR SCHOOL ENTRY AND ATTENDANCE

• NO SHOTS – NO SCHOOL• CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED MAY CONTRACT DISEASES AND

SPREAD THEM TO OTHER CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT IMMUNIZED

RECOMMENDATIONS

• CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS TO PREVENT DISEASES AND ILLNESS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR ALL CHILDREN – NEWBORN TO SCHOOL AGE

• PARENTS/GUARDIANS SHOULD TO GET THE FACTS ABOUT THESE DISEASES• PARENTS/GUARDIANS SHOULD TALK TO THEIR CHILD’S DOCTOR OR HEALTH

CARE PROFESSIONAL ABOUT VACCINES TO HELP PREVENT THESE DISEASES

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY

• VACCINES HELP PREVENT ILLNESS BEFORE A CHILD IS EXPOSED TO CERTAIN DISEASES

• PARENTS/GUARDIANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE HEALTHCARE DECISIONS THAT THEY FEEL ARE BEST FOR THEIR CHILD

• IF NOT MEDICALLY, PHILOSOPHICALLY, OR RELIGIOUSLY CONTRAINDICATED, ALL CHILDREN SHOULD BE IMMUNIZED AGAINST DISEASES

REFERENCES

• AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS AT WWW.AAFP.ORG• AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS AT WWW.AAP.ORG• AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT WWW.AMA.ORG• CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION AT WWW.GOV.CDC/VACCINES• EDGE, R. S., & GROVES, J. R. (2006). ETHICS OF HEALTH CARE: A GUIDE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE (3RD

ED.). CLIFTON PARK, NY: DELMAR CENGAGE LEARNING.• MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AT WWW.MICHIGAN.GOV/IMMUNIZE• SABNIS, S. S., & CONWAY, J. H. (2015). OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS

STATUS. PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 62(5), 1093-1109. DOI:10.1016/J.PCL.2015.05.004