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MARS Kick-off Meeting 17–21 February 2014 Mallorca, Spain
Managing mul*ple stress for mul*ple benefits:
Towards new scien-fic concepts, methods and tools in river basin
management
Anne Lyche-‐Solheim1, Sebas-an Birk2, Daniel Hering2 1Norwegian Ins-tute for Water Research (NIVA), Norway
2University of Duisburg-‐Essen (UDE), Germany
The MARS project
1 UDE, Germany 13 METU, Turkey 2 AU, Denmark 14 NERC, United Kingdom 3 AZTI, Spain 15 NIVA, Norway 4 BOKU, Austria 16 NTUA, Greece 5 CHMI, Czech Rep. 17 SYKE, Finland 6 CU, United Kingdom 18 UL, Slovenia 7 DDNI, Romania 19 ULT, Portugal 8 DELTARES, Netherlands 20 APA, Portugal* 9 EMU, Estonia 21 BMLFUW, Austria* 10 IGB, Germany 22 EA, United Kingdom* 11 IRSTEA, France 23 ICPDR, international* 12 JRC, Europe 24 NARW, Romania*
*Applied partners
• FP7 project: Managing Aqua-c ecosystems and water Resources under mul-ple Stress
• Project dura-on: February 1st, 2014–January 31st, 2018 • Funding: 9 Mio. Euro
Content
Background • Status-‐quo of European surface waters • What do we know? The MARS project • Concepts: Finding a common language • Methods: Addressing all scales • Tools: Suppor-ng the management • Impact: Reaching out to the public
Cities
Agriculture
Industries
Living in “coupled human environmental systems“
Water resources
Status-quo of European surface waters
0"
5"
10"
15"
20"
25"
30"
35"
40"
45"
0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7"
Percen
tage"of"w
ater"bod
ies"
Number"of"pressures"co=ac>ng"
Rivers"Lakes"TraCs"
Mul'ple pressures ac'ng on EU surface waters Data source: WISE WFD database (EEA 2015; n = 108,130 water bodies of 26 EU Member States)
Total: 41%
Status-quo of European surface waters
Two-‐pressure combina'ons ac'ng most frequently Data source: WISE WFD database (EEA 2015; n = 26,345 water bodies of 26 EU Member States)
7%#
63%#
12%#
18%# Lakes&Point#&#Diffuse#
Diffuse#&#Hydromorphological#
Diffuse#&#Other#(e.g.#alien#species,#overfishing,#waste#disposal)#
Other#combinaHons#
Diffuse pollu'on and hydromorphological pressures
21%$
41%$3%$
35%$Rivers'Point$&$Diffuse$
Diffuse$&$Hydromorphological$
Diffuse$&$Other$(e.g.$alien$species,$overfishing,$waste$disposal)$
Other$combinaGons$
Diffuse pollu'on and hydromorphological pressures
25%$
8%$
46%$
21%$ TraCs&Point$&$Diffuse$
Point$&$Other$(e.g.$alien$species,$overfishing,$waste$disposal)$
Diffuse$&$Other$(e.g.$alien$species,$overfishing,$waste$disposal)$
Other$combinaFons$
Diffuse pollu'on and other (e.g. aliens, overfishing) pressures
What do we know?
Systema'c literature review including >200 scien'fic publica'ons (Nõges et al., submiMed)
• Generally poor quan-ta-ve evidence of mul-stress effects à low predic-ve capacity
• Ambiguous response of biological indicators under mul-stress condi-ons
• Two-‐stressor effects studied most frequently (42%) Main combina-on: Nutrients & Hydrology
• Poor knowledge on stressor interac-ons
Implications for water management
1 + 1 = 2 Addi*ve effects of two stressors co-‐ac*ng à Management measures addressing largest
stressor has greatest benefit
State-‐of-‐the-‐art
1 + 1 = 3 Synergis*c effects of two stressors co-‐ac*ng à Underes-ma-on of ecosystem decline
if predicted on individual stressor effects
Knowledge gap
Content
Background • Status-‐quo of European surface waters • What do we know? The MARS project • Concepts: Finding a common language • Methods: Addressing all scales • Tools: Suppor-ng the management • Impact: Reaching out to the public
The MARS project
Managing aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiplestress — An introduction to the MARS project
Daniel Hering a,⁎, Laurence Carvalho b, Christine Argillier c, Meryem Beklioglu d, Angel Borja e,Ana Cristina Cardoso f, Harm Duel g, Teresa Ferreira h, Lidija Globevnik i, Jenica Hanganu j, Seppo Hellsten k,Erik Jeppesen l, Vit Kodeš m, Anne Lyche Solheim n, Tiina Nõges o, Steve Ormerod p, Yiannis Panagopoulos q,Stefan Schmutz r, Markus Venohr s, Sebastian Birk a
a University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Germanyb Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), United Kingdomc National Research Institute of science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Franced Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkeye AZTI-Tecnalia (AZTI), Spainf European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Italyg Stichting DELTARES (DELTARES), The Netherlandsh University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Portugali University of Ljubljana (UL), Sloveniaj Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development (DDNI), Romaniak Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Finlandl Aarhus University (AU), Denmarkm Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Czech Republicn Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwayo Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Estoniap Cardiff University (CU), United Kingdomq National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greecer University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Austrias Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (FVB-IGB), Germany
H I G H L I G H T S
• We describe the aims and approaches of the EU-funded project MARS and its conceptual framework.• MARS is operating at the water body, the catchment, and the European scales.• It includes experiments, catchment modelling and large-scale data analysis.• It addresses the link between multiple stressors, ecological responses and functions.• The project will support the implementation of European water policies.
a b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:Received 14 May 2014Received in revised form 20 June 2014Accepted 24 June 2014Available online xxxx
Keywords:River Basin ManagementEuropeEcological statusEcosystem services
Water resources globally are affected by a complex mixture of stressors resulting from a range of drivers, includ-ing urban and agricultural land use, hydropower generation and climate change. Understanding how stressorsinterfere and impact upon ecological status and ecosystem services is essential for developing effective RiverBasin Management Plans and shaping future environmental policy. This paper details the nature of these prob-lems for Europe's water resources and the need to find solutions at a range of spatial scales. In terms of the latter,we describe the aims and approaches of the EU-funded project MARS (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and waterResources under multiple Stress) and the conceptual and analytical framework that it is adopting to provide thisknowledge, understanding and tools needed to address multiple stressors. MARS is operating at three scales: Atthe water body scale, the mechanistic understanding of stressor interactions and their impact upon water re-sources, ecological status and ecosystem services will be examined through multi-factorial experiments andthe analysis of long time-series. At the river basin scale, modelling and empirical approaches will be adopted
Science of the Total Environment xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Hering).
STOTEN-16522; No of Pages 12
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.1060048-9697/© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Science of the Total Environment
j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r .com/ locate /sc i totenv
Please cite this article as: Hering D, et al, Managing aquatic ecosystems andwater resources undermultiple stress— An introduction to theMARSproject, Sci Total Environ (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.106
New concepts, methods and tools in river basin management
Conceptual framework
The MARS model
Concepts: Finding a common language
What is a “Stressor”? A Stressor is any environmental change in a factor that causes some response by the system of interest. The response caused by the Stressor can be beneficial or deleterious.
How is the term related to the DPSIR scheme? Not used in the DPSIR scheme. A Stressor can belong to either the Pressure or State category à (puta-ve) cause in a cause-‐and-‐effect chain
Concepts: Finding a common language
MARS terminology document: Harmonising approaches in applied mul-stressor research
Multiple pressures
Task on European Mul'-‐pressure Mapping
• To gain knowledge on spa-ally explicit mul--‐pressure combina-ons in Europe
• Mapping of (weighted) cumula-ve pressure index plus cluster analysis of areas of similar mul--‐pressure profiles
!Vörösmarty et al. (2010)
Indicator overview
Indicator name Ecological status of surface water body Total phosphorus concentration in the water column Total nitrogen concentration in the water column Growing season mean of water column chlorophyll-a concentration Chlorophyll-a to total phosphorus ratio (Chl:TP) Biovolume of toxic/nuisance phytoplankton species Abundance of submerged, emergent and floating-leafed macrophytic vegetation Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) Abundance ratios of invertebrate functional feeding groups Relative abundance of invasive alien invertebrate species Total fish abundance (incl. abundance of commercially relevant fish) Mean duration of high flow pulses within each year (extreme rain events) Mean duration of low pulses within each year (drought events) Annual water-level fluctuations Amount of naturally-forested land in the riparian corridor of water body
The fifteen MARS benchmark indicators to assess response to the multiple stressors on all scales
Methods: Addressing all scales
Water body scale: 7 flume and mesocosm
factorial experiments
Combined effects of DOC, flow, water abstraction, temperature,
precipitation, nutrients, fine sediments,
habitat morphology
River basin scale: 16 case study basins
Statistical analysis of combined effects of
water abstraction, flow regulation, morphological alteration, water quality, warming,
land use
Continental scale: Europe-wide data analysis
of large lakes and rivers and of fish across rivers,
lakes and and estuaries
Statistical analysis of relationships between drivers, pressures, biological impacts,
ecosystem processes and ecosystem services
Tools: Supporting the management
2
Target group The tool is aimed at practitioners who draft river basin plans, programmes of measures or who seek
guidance for observed problems (impacts) within a single water body.
Specific aims In addition to the overall goal we encountered smaller aims that determine the content, structure,
appearance and success of the website. In discussions this list will be refined and completed. As a
start we recognised these aims:
x Focus on a single overall goal for the website (KIS: Keep It Simple).
x Aim for completeness within that single goal (for example all stressor types from MARS).
x Make the relations between stressor, impact and measures interactive.
x Relations between stressors, impacts and measures are conceptual or indicative; the
additional “MARS diagnostic tool” will focus on deeper location-specific analysis based on
user inputted data.
x Use a limited set (5) of best or worst practise case studies to illustrate stressors, impacts or
measures on site level and RBMP level (case studies MARS, selected cases studies REFORM
wiki).
x For impact: use a core set of indicators on the status of water bodies.
x Show dose-response-relationships (linking multiple stressors and indicators).
x Use a unified and well defined vocabulary (for example stressors vs. pressures).
Contents As stated in the goal we aim to present knowledge on stressor, impact and measures, see figure 1.
The knowledge is presented on a conceptual level, meaning that we aim to show the state-of-the-art
knowledge on relations between individual or combined stressors, their impacts and mitigation
measures for different generalised types of water bodies.
Exa
mp
le c
ase
stu
die
s
Impact
Status of WBEcosystem
Services
StressorsIndividual
stressors
Combined
stressors
Combined
stressors
MeasuresSites Catchments
Gu
idadnce for river basin m
anagers
Impact: Reaching out to the public
• Social media tool • 2013 among the top biodiversity
blogs ranked in Science
• About 7,000 readers / month, >100,000 hits in 2014
• Professional writer, weekly updates • http://freshwaterblog.net
Conclusions
• Mul-stressor condi-ons are no excep-on, but the norm.
• Scien-fic knowledge is increasing, but there’s a poor recep-on in prac-ce.
• Challenge: Bridging the gap towards successful River Basin Management.