Managing Wildlife Populations

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales. Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on quantitative analysis and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate and competition. Examples of mathematical comparisons could include graphs, charts, histograms, and population changes gathered from simulations or historical data sets.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include deriving mathematical equations to make comparisons.

Objectives

Describe the relationships between animals and plants or other animals.

Describe population density and the population curve.

Identify problems that may be associated with managing wildlife.

Terms Birth rate Commensalism Competition Death rate Mutations Mutualism Parasite Population

Population density Population curve Population

response Predation Predator Prey Sterility

Importance of WildlifeWhat are some reasons that wildlife

is important?What are some benefits of wildlife?What are some threats to wildlife?How can mankind help eliminate

these threats to wildlife management?

What relationships can animals have with plants or other animals?

Relationships with animals and plants or other animals can take many forms. These include: Competition Predation Parasitic Commensalism Mutualism

Animal & Plant RelationshipsCompetition occurs

when animals compete for the same food or water. Usually, the

strongest animal wins.

Animal & Plant RelationshipsPredation occurs when

one species (the predator) hunts and eats another (the prey). Predation provides

natural control of wildlife populations.

Animal & Plant RelationshipsParasitic relationships also

exist. A parasite lives in or on a host

species and damages the host by taking food and water away from the host. Examples include ticks and

roundworms.

Animal & Plant Relationships

Commensalism – which is when a species lives on or in a host without causing any harm.

It is the opposite of a parasitic relationship. An example would be

birds eating insects off the backs of wildlife.

Animal & Plant Relationships

Mutualism occurs when a relationship benefits both species involved.An example would be bees

spreading pollen from flowers to pollinate other flowers, while using some of the pollen to produce honey.

What is population density?

Population – all animals within an area. Population is a key factor that must be

considered when managing wildlife populations.

The population density, which is characterized by the population curve, is critical to managing wildlife populations.

Population Density

Population density – measure of how many individuals of an organism are present in a given area.

The birth rate (the number of new organisms added to a population over a given time) and the death rate (the number of organisms that die within a given period of time) influence the population density.

Population Curve

Population curve – represents the changes that occur in a wildlife population over a year.

The population of a species varies throughout the year depending on births, deaths predation and environmental conditions.

Population Curve

The population is highest just after the time of year when the young are born.

It gradually reduces due to deaths caused by hunting, predation, and starvation.

The animals that make it through the year breed, and the cycle starts again.

Wildlife Population Curve

Population Response

It is also important to know that different populations respond differently to changes in habitat, weather, etc.

Some populations will rapidly grow or shrink, while others slowly respond.

This is called population response.

What are some problems that may be faced when managing wildlife?

When man undertakes the responsibility of managing wildlife, numerous problems may arise.

These problems usually deal with managing the habitat, as the habitat is usually the limiting factor in managing wildlife.

So, these problems must be dealt with for the wildlife to flourish.

Problems with managing wildlife.

Loss of natural vegetation that causes a reduction of the food supply and habitat. This loss can be caused by man

(fire, construction, etc.) or by nature (fire, weather related events, or overpopulation).

Problems with managing wildlife.

Wetlands may be drained, thus reducing the available habitat for species that live in those areas.

Man often causes this loss.

Problems with managing wildlife. Polluted waters not only cause

problems for aquatic plants and animals, it also reduces the available drinking water for wildlife.

Polluted air also poses a problem. Not only is it harmful for wildlife to

breathe, it also can cause acid rain, which damages or kills vegetation.

Problems with managing wildlife.

In extreme pollution cases, radioactive material may be dumped. This radioactive material may cause

mutations (abnormalities in the wildlife) or sterility (the inability to reproduce).

Occasionally, animals are killed by motor vehicles (such as cars, ATV’s, or trains).

Often, predatory wildlife is killed to protect domestic livestock.

Problems with managing wildlife.Domestic livestock can also

adversely affect wildlife by transmitting diseases to them.

Another form of pollution involves pesticides used by farmers and homeowners. Far too often, farmers are blamed

for polluting the environment with pesticides.

Problems with managing wildlife. Mankind can also adversely

affect wildlife by introducing non native species of plants or animals.

Non native plants can overtake a habitat and push out the plants that wildlife use for food and shelter.

Non native animals can affect the food chain by competing for food and space.

Review / Summary

What relationships can animals have with plants or other animals?

What are population density and the population curve?

What are some problems that may be faced when managing wildlife?

The End!