managing the digital firm
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c h a p t e r
11MANAGING THEMANAGING THE
DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM
• ANALYZE ROLE OF INFORMATION ANALYZE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTSYSTEMS IN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
• DEFINE INFORMATION SYSTEM, DEFINE INFORMATION SYSTEM, COMPUTER LITERACY, INFORMATION COMPUTER LITERACY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS LITERACYSYSTEMS LITERACY
• EXPLAIN HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS EXPLAIN HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS TRANSFORM ORGANIZATION & TRANSFORM ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES
• ASSESS DIGITAL FIRM, ELECTRONIC ASSESS DIGITAL FIRM, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, INTERNET TECHNOLOGYINTERNET TECHNOLOGY
• IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES TO CHALLENGES TO BUILDING, BUILDING, USING USING INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS
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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
• WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
• CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS
• ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• USING INFORMATION SYSTEMSUSING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
1. DESIGN COMPETITIVE & EFFICIENT 1. DESIGN COMPETITIVE & EFFICIENT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
2. UNDERSTAND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 2. UNDERSTAND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS OF GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTOF GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
3. CREATE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE 3. CREATE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS ORGANIZATION’S THAT SUPPORTS ORGANIZATION’S GOALSGOALS
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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
4. DETERMINE BUSINESS VALUE OF 4. DETERMINE BUSINESS VALUE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS
5. DESIGN SYSTEMS PEOPLE CAN 5. DESIGN SYSTEMS PEOPLE CAN CONTROL, UNDERSTAND & USE IN CONTROL, UNDERSTAND & USE IN A SOCIALLY, ETHICALLY A SOCIALLY, ETHICALLY RESPONSIBLE MANNERRESPONSIBLE MANNER
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THE CHANGING BUSINESS THE CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
• GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
• INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES
• TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISETHE ENTERPRISE
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GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
• MANAGEMENT & CONTROLMANAGEMENT & CONTROL
• COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETSCOMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS
• GLOBAL WORK GROUPSGLOBAL WORK GROUPS
• GLOBAL DELIVERYGLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
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INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES• KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIESKNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES• PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY• NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICESNEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES• KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSETKNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET• TIME-BASED COMPETITIONTIME-BASED COMPETITION• SHORTER PRODUCT LIFESHORTER PRODUCT LIFE• TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTTURBULENT ENVIRONMENT• LIMITED EMPLOYEE LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASEKNOWLEDGE BASE
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TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE• FLATTENINGFLATTENING• DECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION• FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY• LOCATION INDEPENDENCELOCATION INDEPENDENCE• LOW TRANSACTION COSTSLOW TRANSACTION COSTS• EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT• COLLABORATIVE WORKCOLLABORATIVE WORK
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EMERGENCE OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM
• DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEESCUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEES
• CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL NETWORKSNETWORKS
• DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OFDIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF KEY ASSETSKEY ASSETS
• RAPID SENSING & RAPID SENSING & RESPONDING TO CHANGERESPONDING TO CHANGE
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1997
YEAR
% SERVICE
% WHITE COLLAR
% BLUE COLLAR
% FARMING
LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997
SYSTEMSYSTEM
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMSYSTEM
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Customers SuppliersCustomers Suppliers
Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsRegulatory Stockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
DATA & INFORMATIONDATA & INFORMATION
• DATA:DATA: STREAMS OF RAW FACTS STREAMS OF RAW FACTS REPRESENTING EVENTS SUCH AS REPRESENTING EVENTS SUCH AS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSBUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
• INFORMATION:INFORMATION: CLUSTERS OF FACTS CLUSTERS OF FACTS MEANINGFUL & USEFULMEANINGFUL & USEFUL TO TO HUMAN BEINGS IN HUMAN BEINGS IN PROCESSES PROCESSES SUCH AS SUCH AS MAKING DECISIONSMAKING DECISIONS
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COMPUTER-BASED COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS)(CBIS)
• FORMAL SYSTEMSFORMAL SYSTEMS
• FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES
• COLLECTING, STORING, COLLECTING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISSEMINATING, PROCESSING, DISSEMINATING, USING DATAUSING DATA
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INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS
ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
INFORMATIOINFORMATIONN
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS
• PEOPLE:PEOPLE: Managers, knowledge Managers, knowledge workers, data workers, production or workers, data workers, production or service workersservice workers
• STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE: Organization Organization chart, groups of specialists, chart, groups of specialists, products, geographyproducts, geography
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ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS
• OPERATING PROCEDURES:OPERATING PROCEDURES: Standard Operating Procedures Standard Operating Procedures (SOP),(SOP), rules for action rules for action
• POLITICS:POLITICS: Power to persuade, Power to persuade, get things doneget things done
• CULTURE:CULTURE: Customs of Customs of behaviorbehavior
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MAJOR MAJOR BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBUSINESS FUNCTIONS
• SALES & MARKETINGSALES & MARKETING
• MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING
• FINANCEFINANCE
• ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING
• HUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RESOURCES
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COMPUTERCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
• HARDWAREHARDWARE
• SOFTWARESOFTWARE
• STORAGESTORAGE
• COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
• NETWORKSNETWORKS
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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
POLITICAL POLITICAL SCIENCESCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY
COMPUTER COMPUTER
SCIENCESCIENCEOPERATIONS OPERATIONS
RESEARCHRESEARCH
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
SCIENCESCIENCE
TECHNICAL APPROACHESTECHNICAL APPROACHES
APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMSAPPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS
MISMIS
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHESBEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
SOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVESOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE
OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:
TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION MUTUALLY ADJUST TO MUTUALLY ADJUST TO
ONE ANOTHERONE ANOTHER
UNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORYUNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORY
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SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987
SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCESYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE
BUSINESSBUSINESS
StrategyStrategy
RulesRules
ProceduresProcedures
ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
HARDWAREHARDWARE
SOFTWARESOFTWARE DATABASEDATABASE
TELE-TELE-COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE
• 1950s:1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES TECHNICAL CHANGES• 60s-70s:60s-70s: MANAGERIAL MANAGERIAL CONTROLCONTROL• 80s-90s:80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CORE CORE
ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES
GROWING IMPORTANCEGROWING IMPORTANCE
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SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMSSCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS
WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNETINTERNET
• COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATECOMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE
• ACCESS INFORMATIONACCESS INFORMATION
• DISCUSSDISCUSS
• OBTAIN INFORMATIONOBTAIN INFORMATION
• ENTERTAINENTERTAIN
• TRANSACT BUSINESS TRANSACT BUSINESS
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NEW OPTIONS FOR NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
• FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONSFLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS• SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATIONSEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION• REORGANIZING WORK-FLOWSREORGANIZING WORK-FLOWS• INCREASING FLEXIBILITYINCREASING FLEXIBILITY• REDEFINING REDEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL
BOUNDARIESBOUNDARIES
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THE DIGITAL FIRMTHE DIGITAL FIRM
• ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE
• ELECTRONIC BUSINESSELECTRONIC BUSINESS
• ELECTRONIC MARKET:ELECTRONIC MARKET: Information Information system links buyers & sellers to system links buyers & sellers to exchange information, exchange information, products, services, paymentsproducts, services, payments
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ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE
• INTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERSINTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERS
• LOWERS TRANSACTION COSTSLOWERS TRANSACTION COSTS
• GOODS & SERVICES GOODS & SERVICES ADVERTISED, BOUGHT, EXCHANGED ADVERTISED, BOUGHT, EXCHANGED WORLDWIDEWORLDWIDE
• BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS INCREASINGTRANSACTIONS INCREASING
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ELECTRONIC BUSINESSELECTRONIC BUSINESS
• INTRANET:INTRANET: Business builds private, Business builds private, secure networksecure network
• E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP SOFTWARE:SOFTWARE: Extends effective Extends effective communication & controlcommunication & control
• EXTRANET:EXTRANET: Extension of Extension of Intranet to authorized external Intranet to authorized external usersusers
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c h a p t e r
11MANAGING THEMANAGING THE
DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM