managing bmsb as part of the total insect pest management ... · 2. edge traps (4x2) and interior...
TRANSCRIPT
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Managing BMSB as part of the total insect pest
management system
Greg Krawczyk and Lauren Shaak
Pennsylvania State University Department of Entomology
Fruit Research and Extension Center Biglerville, PA
e-mail: [email protected]
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L.)
Lesser appleworm (LAW)
Grapholita prunivora (Walsh)
Oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck)
Lepidopteran pests are still very important…
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
MAY JUNE JULY AUG/SEPT 5-5 5-13 5-16 6-2 6-7 6-17 6-28* 7-6 7-15 8-8 9-9
Guthion
1.0 lb
Guthion
1.0 lb
Guthion
1.0 lb
Diazinon
2.0 lb
Intrepid
12.0 oz
Imidan
3.0 lb
Intrepid
12.0 oz
Imidan
3.0 lb
Imidan
4.0 lb
Diazinon
1.0 lb
Imidan
2.0 lb
Intrepid
16.0 oz
Imidan
2.0 lb
5-5 5-13 6-7 6-17 8-8 8-13
Diazinon 50W
1.0 lb
Diazinon 50W
1.0 lb
Intrepid
8.0 oz
Intrepid
8.0 oz
Intrepid
12.0 oz
Intrepid
12.0 oz
5-5 6-7 6-17 8-8 8-22
Assail
2.3 oz
Intrepid
16.0 oz
Intrepid
16.0 oz
Altacor
2.0 oz
Altacor
2.0 oz
5-5 5-16 6-7 6-17 7-15
Assail
3.4 oz
Assail
2.3 oz
Delegate
4.0 oz
Delegate
4.0 oz
Altacor
2.0 oz
2006: 6 complete
2007: 3 complete
2008: 2.5 complete
2009: 2.5 complete
Rates of formulated products are the actually applied rate, all sprays ARM
Maintained low insect populations
Reduced insecticide output by half
Grower 2, Adams County PA
3 years in WFMD program
Changes in insecticide usage - the AWMD project
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Nu
mb
er o
f re
ject
ed f
ruit
load
s
Year
2005-2015 seasons
Codling moth Oriental fruit moth Other
Fruit loads rejected by PA fruit processors
BMSB
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
CM and OFM available mating disruption products 2016 season (based on information provided by manufacturers)
Codling moth
• CheckMate® CM-XL 1000
• Cidetrak® CM
• Cidetrak® CMDA Combo PP
• Cidetrak ® CMDA Combo Meso-A
• Cidetrak® DA MEC
• CheckMate® CM-F
• CheckMate® Puffer CM
Oriental fruit moth
• CheckMate® OFM
• Cidetrak® OFM-L
• Isomate® OFM TT
• CheckMate® OFM-F
• CheckMate® Puffer OFM
CM and OFM
• Cidetrak® CM-OFM Combo
• Isomate® CM/OFM TT
• CheckMate® Puffer CM/OFM
• Isomate® CM/OFM Mist
Hand applied dispensers; Aerosol dispensers; Sprayable; 30-200 dispensers/acre; 1-3 dispensers/ac; aiblast applications.
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
2015 Mating disruption field trials
Treatments:
- Sprayable OFM plus CM high rate - CM PUM at 2.8 fl oz/acre plus OFM MEC at 1.1
fl oz/acre plus DAC MEC at 0.4 fl oz/acre;
- Sprayable OFM plus CM low rate - CM PUM at 1.4 fl oz/acre plus OFM MEC at 1.1 fl
oz/acre plus DAC MEC at 0.4 fl oz/acre;
- Hand applied dispensers – CideTrak CM/OFM/DA (MESO) at 32 disp/acre;
- Insecticides plus DA MEC - grower standard insecticides plus DA MEC at 0.4 fl
oz/acre;
- Insecticides only – grower’s standard insecticide program.
Experimental mating disruption products rom TRECE Inc.
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Hand Applied MD CM High CM Low Insecticides +DA Insecticides only
1
3
4
JC Orchard
2
5
2015 Mating Disruption Field Trials
Sites: - 4 commercial apple
orchards - Plots size from 2 to
10 acre - All plots were
grower maintained
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
2015 Mating disruption trials: apples
Treatment
Percent injured fruit at harvest (apples only )
CM OFM
Sprayable CM High (exp) 0.0 a 0.0 a
Sprayable CM Low (exp) 0.0 a 0.0 a
Cidetrak CM/OFM/DA Meso (exp) 0.0 a 0.0 a
Insecticides plus DA 0.0 a 0.0 a
Insecticides only 0.0 a 0.0 a
Harvest fruit evaluations
Average from four commercial orchards, PA, 3000 fruit evaluated per treatment ANOVA, sqrt transformation, p < 0.05
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1-M
ay
8-M
ay
15
-May
22
-May
29
-May
5-J
un
12
-Ju
n
19
-Ju
n
26
-Ju
n
3-J
ul
10
-Ju
l
17
-Ju
l
24
-Ju
l
31
-Ju
l
7-A
ug
14
-Au
g
21
-Au
g
28
-Au
g
2015 Precipitation (mm)
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
PYRETHROIDS
IRAC Group 3A
bifenthrin
(Brigade)
fenpropathrin
(Danitol)
cyfluthrin
(Baythroid)
λ-cyhalothrin
(Warrior)
NEONICOTINOIDS
IRAC Group 4A
dinotefuran
(Venom, Scorpion)
thiametoxam
(Actara)
clothianidin
(Belay)
imidacloprid
(Provado, Admire Pro)
acetamiprid
(Assail)
OTHER (IRAC Groups 1A, 1B, 2A
methomyl
(carbamate)
(Lannate LV and SP)
endosulfan
(organochlorine)
(Thionex)
acephate
(organophosphate)
(Acephate)
Most effective insecticides against BMSB
(based on combined data from T. Leskey, T. Kuchar and G. Krawczyk; 2010-2015)
Products removed from the market
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Products
BMSB
CM
OFM
LR
Aphids
Mites
Leaf - hoppers
Apple maggot
Jap. beetle
Danitol
Baythroid
Warrior
Actara
Assail
Belay
Admire Pro
Lannate
1 - Excellent 3 - Fair 0 - No rated 2 - Good 4 - Poor
Ranking based on the 2016-2017 PA TFPG
BMSB effective insecticides and other pests…
Efficacy ranking:
Pyr
eth
roid
s N
eon
ico
tin
oid
s C
B
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Products
BMSB
CM
OFM
LR
Aphids
Mites
Leaf - hoppers
Apple maggot
Jap. beetle
Danitol
Baythroid
Warrior
Actara
Assail
Belay
Admire Pro
Lannate
1 - Excellent 3 - Fair 0 - No rated 2 - Good 4 - Poor
BMSB effective insecticides and other pests…
Efficacy ranking:
Pyr
eth
roid
s N
eon
ico
tin
oid
s C
B
Reality check - resistance
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
OFM Pheromone Trap Catch Thresholds
for Apple and Peach in Pennsylvania
No. adult males/trap/week
Brood 1* Broods 2-4*
Apple Peach Apple & Peach Recommended action
0 – 15 0 – 5 0 - 5 Not a problem 16 – 30 6 – 15 6 – 10 Potential problem 31 – 60 16 – 30 11 – 25 Treatment required >60 >30 >25 Severe problem
*average moth captures from a minimum of 2 traps per 10 -15 acres (Recommendations from the 2016-2017 PSU Tree Fruit Production Guide)
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Trap comparison for monitoring BMSB - 2015
Traps lure combinations: - Dead – Inn Pyramid trap (Ag-Bio) x Ag-Bio BMSB X-tra lure - Clear sticky trap (AlphaScent) x Rescue lure - Rescue Stink Bug Trap (Sterling Int.) x Rescue lure
Project description: - Two commercial fruit orchards - Three replicates per orchard - Two locations (inside/outside) for each trap/lure combination per replicate
Observations period : May 01 - Oct 14, 2015
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
2015 BMSB trap trial locations Site 1
Site 2
Two commercial orchards in Adams County
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
27-Apr 17-May 6-Jun 26-Jun
Orchard 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
26-Jun 16-Jul 5-Aug 25-Aug
0
10
20
30
25-Aug 14-Sep 4-Oct 24-Oct
Adult
Nymph
Native
2015 PSU BMSB Trap Comparison N
um
ber
of
stin
k b
ugs
/tra
p/w
eek
Cu
mu
lati
ve #
of
stin
k b
ugs
/tra
p
Trap data from all traps combined, n=18 traps per location
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
27-Apr 17-May 6-Jun 26-Jun
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
27-Jun 17-Jul 6-Aug 26-Aug
0
4
8
12
16
26-Aug 15-Sep 5-Oct 25-Oct
Adult
Nymph
Native
Orchard 2
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
2015 PSU BMSB Trap Comparison Orchard 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Adults Nymphs Native
Clear
Pyramid
Rescue
Traps placed at orchard border
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Adults Nymphs Native
Clear
Pyramid
Rescue
Traps placed at the edge of woods
Trap data from all traps combined, n=6 traps per location; Bars within the same category (i.e., adults, nymphs and native) with the same letter are not different (ANOVA, sqrt transformation, LSD All pairwise, p < 0.05)
Ave
. nu
mb
er o
f SB
/tra
p/w
eek/
trap
A
ve. n
um
ber
of
SB/t
rap
/wee
k/tr
ap
A A A A A A A A B
AB B A AB B A A B AB
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
2015 PSU BMSB Trap Comparison Orchard 2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Adults Nymphs Native
Clear
Pyramid
Rescue
Traps placed on orchard border
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Adults Nymphs Native
Clear
Pyramid
Rescue
Traps placed at the edge f woods
Ave
. nu
mb
er o
f SB
/tra
p/w
eek/
trap
A
ve. n
um
ber
of
SB/t
rap
/wee
k/tr
ap
AB B A B AB A B A B
A B B A A A A B B
Trap data from all traps combined, n=6 traps per location; Bars within the same category (i.e., adults, nymphs and native) with the same letter are not different (ANOVA, sqrt transformation, LSD All pairwise, p < 0.05)
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Provisional insecticide treatment thresholds:
COUNTING ADULTS - cumulative capture of 10 BMSB adults per individual trap (concept developed by the USDA ARS);
COUNTING NYMPHS – cumulative capture of 5 BMSB nymphs per traps, or two consecutive weeks with nymphs present in trap
Putting BMSB traps into work… Can this be done practically?
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
TH Apple location ≈ 20 acres
TH Cherry location ≈ 25 acres
2013 - 2015 BMSB Trap Placement Grid Evaluations
TH apple location: 1. USDA ARS #20 lure in Ag-Bio tall Black trap, 2. Edge traps (4x2) and interior trap (4 + 1);
total 13 traps, 3. Weekly trap and 12 min visual observations, 4. Fruit evaluations at 1, 3 and 5 tree from trap
and 1 and 2 rows from trap. 5. Full insecticide programs
TH cherry location: 1. Rescue BMSB lures in Rescue traps, 2. Edge traps (5) and interior trap (4); total 9
traps, 3. Weekly trap capture and 12 min visual
observations around each trap 4. Low insecticides during the trial (post-
harvest)
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
BMSB Trap Placement Grid
evaluations (2013 – 2015) BMSB pressure distribution (cherry orchard) BMSB ADULTS PER TRAP/SEASON (cumulative)
Size proportional to the number of collected BMSB
Number of BMSB per trap/week TH Cherry location
2013
2014
Adults
Adults
2015
Adults
312 BMSB
312 BMSB Adults
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
BMSB Trap Placement Grid
evaluations (2013 – 2015) BMSB pressure distribution (cherry orchard) BMSB NYMPHS PER TRAP/SEASON (cumulative)
Size proportional to the number of collected BMSB
Number of BMSB per trap/week TH Cherry location
2013
2014
●Nymphs
●Nymphs
2015
●Nymphs
576 BMSB
576 BMSB
Nymphs
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
soyb
ean
soybean
pea
ch
corn
soyb
ean
soybean
pea
ch
corn
Number of BMSB per trap/season
soybean
pea
ch
corn
Size proportional to the number of collected BMSB
BMSB Trap Placement Grid
Evaluations (2013-2015) BMSB pressure distribution (apple orchard) BMSB ADULTS PER TRAP/SEASON (cumulative)
2013
2014 co
rn
corn
Adults
Adults
217 BMSB
2015
Adults
217 BMSB
corn
soybean
pea
ch
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
soyb
ean
soybean
pea
ch
corn
soyb
ean
soybean
pea
ch
corn
Number of BMSB per trap/season
soybean
pea
ch
corn
Size proportional to the number of collected BMSB
BMSB Trap Placement Grid
evaluations (2013 - 2015) BMSB pressure distribution (apple orchard) BMSB NYMPHS PER TRAP/SEASON (cumulative)
2013
2014 co
rn
corn
●Nymphs
●Nymphs
45 BMSB
2015
●Nymphs
soybean
corn
pea
ch
45 BMSB
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Stage
Season
Number of weeks when treatment threshold was met
Total seasonal capture per trap
Actual number of insecticide applications
Per individual trap (average from all traps)
(13 traps in orchard)
Adults 2013 0 – 10 (7) 9 - 217 10
2014 0 – 6 (4) 1 - 104 5
2015 0 – 4 (2) 3 - 96 2
Nymphs 2013 0 – 5 (6) 0 - 31 10
2014 1 – 5 (6) 3 - 45 5
2015 0 – 2 (1) 0 - 28 2
BMSB threshold challenge – apple orchard
Provisional thresholds: ADULTS - cumulative 10 BMSB adults per individual trap (USDA ARS); NYMPHS – cumulative 5 nymphs per traps, or two consecutive weeks with nymphs present
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Stage
Season
Number of weeks threshold was met Total seasonal capture per trap
Actual number of insecticide applications
Range per individual trap (average from all traps) (9 traps in orchard)
Adults 2013 1 – 8 (7) 14 - 312 2
2014 2 – 6 (4) 3 - 107 1
2015 0 – 3 (2) 2 - 43 0
Nymphs 2013 0 – 10 (10) 4 - 576 2
2014 2 – 7 (10) 6 - 65 1
2015 0 – 4 (7) 0 - 44 0
Threshold challenge – cherry orchard
Provisional thresholds: ADULTS - cumulative 10 BMSB adults per individual trap (USDA ARS); NYMPHS – cumulative 5 nymphs per traps, or two consecutive weeks with nymphs present
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Changes in seasonal insecticide applications - apples 2009-2015 seasons
(Commercial orchard, PA)
Insecticides:
Carbamates (IRAC Group 1A) – methomyl,
Organophosphates (IRAC Group 1B) – phosmet,
Pyrethroids (IRAC Group 3A) – fenpropathrin, lambda cyhalothrin, bifenthrin,
Neonicotinoids (IRAC Group 4A) – acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiametoxam, dinotefuran, thiacloprid,
Other (IRAC Groups 5, 18, 28) – methoxyfenozide, spinetoram, rynaxypyr.
plus CM/OFM MD
plus CM/OFM MD
plus CM/OFM MD
BMSB
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Insecticide applications per season
Carbamates OP Pyrethroids Neonicotinoids Other
plus CM/OFM MD
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Alternative BMSB management endeavors
Attract and Kill project
Ghost traps project
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Commercial lures and traps are effective in monitoring BMSB and should be used as an indicator to decide if BMSB specific management is needed (action thresholds, movement, etc…)
Understanding of “action thresholds” for various BMSB lure/trap combinations is crucial for development of practical management recommendations. The placement of traps is affecting attractiveness of lures to BMSB adults and nymphs.
The clear plastic BMSB traps are as effective as traditional pyramid shaped traps however “attracting” does not always equal “capturing” of BMSB adults and nymphs
Use of BMSB attractants/pheromones for alternative BMSB management methods such as commercial light trapping, nets or attract and kill tools are very promising tools to support rational IPM based BMSB management programs in fruit
Comments…
Greg Krawczyk, PSU FREC 2016
Thank you
Ally Lock Haven University
Chandler Penn State University
Dalton Penn State University
Kristlyn Elizabethtown College
Lauren Hood College
Martha Penn State University
Nikki Penn State University
Project supported by State Horticultural Association of Pennsylvania and USDA NIFA SCRI project No. 2011-51181-30937 .