managing biological information: options and added value ...€¦ · weber amaral, phd...
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Managing biological information: options and added value
examples from genetic resources
Weber Amaral, PhD
ERPANET/CODATA International Workshop – 15 – 17 December2003 - Lisbon
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•Introduction
•Strategies for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources
• Case studies and examples of information platforms and services
•Conclusion
ERPANET/CODATA International Workshop – 15 – 17 December2003 - Lisbon
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“The architect is presented with inconclusiveor contradictory information on problems of
building technique, and no independent authorityis prepared to give guidance on the relative merits
of alternative products and systems”
Michael Ventris, 1950The man who deciphered linear B
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IPGRI-What it is
• One of 15 Future Harvest centers of the CGIAR
• An International Institute that helps partners look after and use genetic diversity
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Biodiversity and Agrobiodiversity
AGRO-BIODIVERSITY10,000 species
vascularplants
250,000
BIODIVERSITY5-50 million total living species
10,000 edible spp. and wild
relatives
20 staple crops of global
importance
100 species provide 90% of
human nutrition
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gure 2: Local map
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ReferencePrimary school
A. araucana in pure stands
Harvested site
A. araucana and Nothofagus sp.forest
meadows
Rivers
Secundary paths
Province Route
National Park border
Chiuquilihuin and Auca-pan communities
North
Inndian Commiunities
Lanín National Park
Communities
Multiple landscapes
Diversity inproduction systems
Molecular analysis
GIS and other tools Multiple stakeholders
Interdisciplinary approaches and meta-data analysis
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Ex situ Conservation
• Conserving species outside of their natural habitat, for example in a genebank
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In situ Conservation
• Conserving plant populations in their natural habitat
• Cultivated species and their wild relatives: in the habitat in which they were domesticated
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Collections in the CGIAR
Landraces
Wild speciesAdvanced cultivars
27%
59%
14%
11 genebanks600,000 accessionswell documentedmostly landracespublic domain
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Strategyhttp://singer.cgiar.org
Evalu
ati
on
Pass
po
rt
http://cimmyt.cgiar.org
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Impact studies on Germplasm flows
19%
81%
Developed countries
Developing countries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
NARS Univ Private Others
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
NARS Univ Private Others
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Impact studies on Germplasm flows
12%20%
14%
8%5%
11%
10%
“Flows”: ICRISAT Groundnut
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Impact studies on Germplasm flows
Breeding(43%)
Evaluation(26%)
Biotic &abiotic stress(12%)
Fodder(13%)
Dual(6%)
ICRISAT Sorghum purpose
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What variables are needed in the “meta-dictionary”?
The data should be targeted towards answering the following questions:
– The amount and distribution of diversity on-farm: what diversity is maintained on farm, where is it and how is it distributed?
– How is this diversity maintained: the processes used to maintain this diversity?
– Who maintains this diversity and who make decisions on what and how is should be maintained?
– Why: what factors influence the maintenance and management of diversity on-farm?
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What is in a name? Is the cultivar name the unit farmers manage or a set of traits?
What is the relationship of farmers’ names to genetic distinctiveness?
Name Seed size (mg/seed)
Pod length
Number of seed per pod
Seed color Pod shape
Foul Sbaï labiade, Large Long 7 Light yellow Flattened Foul Sbaï Sdassi, Large Long 6 to 7 Brown Flattened Foul Roumi Large Long 6 to 7 Brown Flattened Lakbir Lahmar Large Long 6 to 7 Brown Flattened R’baï Labiade Large Medium 4 to 5 Light yellow Flattened Rbaï Laghlid, Large Medium 4 to 5 Brown Flattened Khmassi Laghlide Large Medium 4 to 5 Brown Flattened Laghlide Labiade Beldi Large Short 3 Light yellow Flattened Laghlide Beldi Large Short 3 Dark Brown Flattened Moutouassate Labiad, Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Light yellow Flattened Foul Beldi Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Light yellow Flattened Moutouassate Labiad, Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Light yellow Cylindrical Foul Beldi Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Light yellow Cylindrical Moutouassate, Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Brown Flattened Foul Beldi Khal Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Brown Flattened Moutouassate Labiad, Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Brown Cylindrical Foul Beldi Khal Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Brown Cylindrical Beldi Lakhdar Medium (0.8-1.5) Medium 4 to 5 Green Flattened A Medium (0.8-1.5) Short 3 Beige clear Flattened B Medium (0.8-1.5) Short 3 Beige clear Cylindrical C Medium (0.8-1.5) Short 3 Dark (brown) Flattened D Medium (0.8-1.5) Short 3 Green Intermediate E Medium (0.8-1.5) Short 3 Violet Flattened Rguigue Labiade, Small (<0.8) Short 3 Beige clear Cylindrical Fouila Beldia, Small (<0.8) Short 3 Beige clear Cylindrical Filt Small (<0.8) Short 3 Beige clear Cylindrical Rguigue, Small (<0.8) Short 3 Brown Cylindrical Foul Sghir Lahmar Small (<0.8) Short 3 Brown Cylindrical Filt Small (<0.8) Short 3 Brown Cylindrical Baldia khadra Small (<0.8) Short 3 Green Cylindrical Foul Bouzid Small (<0.8) Short 3 Violet Cylindrical
Same traits different names
Same name different traits
Populations A, B, C, D, E had no names but were recognized as different units of diversity by farmers by a set of common traits
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In Situ data structure and data management
Houshold(HH)
Farmers’traits to distinguish
FUDFarmers Unit of Diversity Management
Traits to select seeds/ clones/ pollen
Preferred traits
Member of HH
PlotSite information for one season Agromorphic,
Biochem/Molecular Charaterisation--genetic diversity --unique traits
Evaluation of traits
Farmer plot management practices
Seed/clone/pollen storage
Seed/clone/ pollen flows
Plot x FUD x Time
Village
Who: Decides practice Does the practice
Crop x village
Policies
Market
Climate
Crop
Farmers’perception of environment (a/biotic, social, economic)
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Information management:One size fits all?
From the field to end users: quality & validation Systems: robust, flexible, easy to useSense of ownership & policy issues
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Adding value
Farmers need to benefit in some way from conserving diversity. Improving how produce is marketed can increase incomes and provide an
incentive to continue conserving.
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Farmers: biological informationand market demands
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Biological diversity and cultural diversity
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ObrigadoThank you
Visit IPGRI@
www.ipgri.cgiar.org