Managers:Individuals who achieve goals through other people.

Organization:A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or a set of goals.

Planning:Includes defining goals, establishing strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities.

Organizing:Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

Leading:Includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts,

Controlling:Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

Interpersonal Roles: (figurehead,

leadership, liaison)

Information Roles: (monitor, disseminator,

spokesperson)

Decisional Roles: (entrepreneur,

disturbance handler, resource allocator,

negotiator)

Technical Skills:The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.

Human Skills:The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups.

Conceptual Skills:The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

Managerial activities:• Traditional Management

• Communication

• Human Resource Management

• Networking

Traditional mgt. Communication

HRM Networking

Effective managers Average managers Successful managers

44%

26%

11%19%

29%

20%

19% 32%

48% 28%

11%

13%

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. OB includes the core topics of motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict, work design and work stress.

Systematic study:

Looking at relationships, attempting to

attribute causes and effects, and drawing

conclusions based on scientific evidence.

Intuition:

A feeling not necessarily supported by

research.

Psychology:The science that seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

Sociology:The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

Social Psychology:An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Anthropology:

The study of societies to learn about

human beings and their activities.

Political science:

The study of the behavior of individuals

and groups within a political

environment.

Responding to Globalization• Increased foreign assignments• Working with people from different cultures• Coping with anticapitalism backlash• Movement of jobs to countries with low-cost

labor• Managing people during the war on terror

Managing workforce Diversity• Changing demographics

Improving quality & productivity Improving customer service Improving people skillsStimulating innovation and changeCoping with ‘temporariness’Working in networked organizationsHelping employees balance work-life

conflictsCreating a positive work environment Improving ethical behavior

Basic OB model, stage 1

Organization

Systems level

Group level

Individual level

Primary ‘dependent variables’ in OB:Productivity:A performance measure including effectiveness and efficiency.Effectiveness is achievement of goals and the efficiency is the ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.Absenteeism:Failure to report to work.

Turnover:

Voluntary and involuntary permanent

withdrawal from the organization.

Deviant workplace behavior:

Voluntary behavior that violates

significant organizational norms and in so

doing threatens the well-being of the

organization or its members.

Organizational citizenship Behavior (OCB):Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

Job satisfaction:A general attitude toward one’s job; the difference between the amount of rewards workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive.

The independent variables:• Individual-level variables; such as biographical

characteristics, ability, values, attitudes,

personality, emotions, perception, learning and

motivation.

• Group-level variables; such as group structure,

work teams, communication, group decision

making, leadership & trust, power & politics and

conflict.

• Organization systems level variables; such as

design of the formal organization, work

processes and jobs, human resource policies

and practices and the organization’s culture.