management plan for the south australian charter boat fishery...a charter boat fishing trip may vary...

Management Plan for the South Australian Charter Boat Fishery

April 2019

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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SOUTH

AUSTRALIAN CHARTER BOAT FISHERY

____________________________________________________________________________

Approved by the Minister for Primary Industries and Regional Development pursuant to section 44 of the Fisheries Management Act 2007. Hon Tim Whetstone MP 4 March 2019 _____________________________________________________________________

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PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture (A division of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia) GPO Box 1625 ADELAIDE SA 5001 Phone: (08) 8226 0900 www.pir.sa.gov.au/fishing © Primary Industries and Regions South Australia 2019 Disclaimer: This Management Plan has been prepared pursuant to the Fisheries Management Act 2007 (South Australia) for the purpose of the administration of that Act. The Department of Primary Industries and Regions SA (and the Government of South Australia) make no representation, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this Management Plan or as to the suitability of that information for any particular purpose. Use of or reliance upon information contained in this Management Plan is at the sole risk of the user in all things and the Department of Primary Industries and Regions SA (and the Government of South Australia) disclaim any responsibility for that use or reliance and any liability to the user. Copyright Notice: This work is copyright. Copyright in this work is owned by the Government of South Australia. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth), no part of this work may be reproduced by any process without written permission of the Government of South Australia. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction of this work should be addressed to the Chief Executive, Department of Primary Industries and Regions SA, 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide SA 5000 (marked attention Executive Director, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division). The South Australian Fisheries Management Series Paper number 77: Management Plan for the South Australian Charter Boat Fishery ISBN 978-0-6482204-2-8 ISSN 1332-8072

http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/fishing

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CONTENTS

1 FISHERY TO WHICH THIS PLAN APPLIES ....................................................... 5

2 CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER MANAGEMENT PLANS ..................................... 5

3 TERM OF PLAN ................................................................................................... 5

4 DESCRIPTION OF FISHERY ............................................................................... 6

4.1 Historical overview ......................................................................................... 6 4.2 Biological and environmental characteristics .................................................10 4.3 Economic characteristics ..............................................................................13 4.4 Social characteristics ....................................................................................14

5 CO- MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................15

6 ALLOCATION OF ACCESS BETWEEN SECTORS ...........................................16

6.1 Allocated shares of the resource ...................................................................16 6.2 Review of allocations ....................................................................................18 6.3 Allocation review process..............................................................................18

7 ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS .....................................................................................21

8 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................22

9 HARVEST STRATEGY .......................................................................................28

9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................28 9.2 Spatial scale of fishery management ............................................................28 9.3 Objectives of the harvest strategy .................................................................29

10 STOCK ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH .........................................................31

10.1 Research services ........................................................................................31 10.2 Data collection and analysis ..........................................................................31 10.3 Reporting ......................................................................................................31 10.4 Strategic research priorities ..........................................................................32

11 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING ....................................................................33

11.1 Objectives .....................................................................................................33 11.2 Cost recovery ................................................................................................33 11.3 Planning ........................................................................................................33 11.4 Risk assessment ...........................................................................................33 11.5 Responses and benchmarks .........................................................................34 11.6 Compliance plans .........................................................................................34 11.7 Compliance reporting ....................................................................................34

12 REGULATORY ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................35

12.1 Licensing ......................................................................................................35 12.2 Management arrangements ..........................................................................38

13 REVIEW OF PLAN ..............................................................................................40

14 RESOURCES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE PLAN ....................................40

14.1 Cost recovery - overview ..............................................................................40 14.2 Cost recovery – Charter Boat Fishery ...........................................................40

15 APPENDICES .....................................................................................................41

15.1 Appendix 1: Information used to allocate shares ...........................................41 15.2 Appendix 2: Sectors related to fishing allocations .........................................41

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15.3 Appendix 3 – Updated ESD risk assessment ............................................... 42 15.4 Appendix 4 – ESD Risk Assessment Overview Table .................................. 43 15.5 Appendix 5 – Charter Boat Fishery Statistical Areas .................................... 44

16 ACRONYMS....................................................................................................... 45

17 GLOSSARY OF COMMON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TERMS .................... 46

18 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 55

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Monthly mean (± s.d.) number (N) of (a) charter clients and (b) trip days between 2007-08 and 2016-17 ................................................................................... 13 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The number of Charter Boat Fishery licences, average number of clients and trip days in the Charter Boat Fishery over the past ten financial years .......................................................................................................................... 10 Table 2: Species harvested and number of individuals retained (nominal catch) by financial year. .............................................................................................. 11 Table 3: The economic impact of the Charter Boat fishing industry in SA, 2015-16 ...................................................................................................................... 14 Table 4: Allocated shares of Snapper and King George Whiting showing the nominal shares for the Charter Boat Fishery as a component of the recreational fishery ..................................................................................................... 18 Table 5: Summary of performance indicators and reference points for the Charter Boat Fishery .................................................................................................. 25 Table 6: Permitted devices in the Charter Boat Fishery .............................................. 37 Table 7: Performance report for Extreme, High and Moderate Risk elements of the Charter Boat Fishery ESD Risk Assessment. .................................... 43

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1 FISHERY TO WHICH THIS PLAN APPLIES This plan applies to the South Australian Charter Boat Fishery, which is formally constituted by the Fisheries Management (Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2017. The regulations define the fishery as consisting of: Facilitating recreational fishing by persons by the provision of charter boat fishing services to the persons under charter boat fishing agreements. Charter boat fishing services means carrying persons as passengers on a boat and otherwise assisting or enabling the persons to engage in recreational fishing from the boat. A charter boat fishing agreement means an agreement made by a person in the course of a business under which the person agrees, for money or other consideration, to facilitate recreational fishing by persons by the provision of charter boat fishing services to the persons. These regulations do not apply in relation to recreational fishing in inland waters.

2 CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER MANAGEMENT PLANS The aquatic resources accessed by recreational fishers are also subject to a number of existing commercial fishery management plans, including the multi-species Marine Scalefish Fishery and other commercial single species fishery management plans (e.g. Blue Crab Fishery). The provisions relating to the allocation of recreational sector access shares to many of these aquatic resources have recently been addressed for the first time during the development of these fishery management plans. The access shares prescribed in this plan reflect the shares allocated between fishing sectors in other existing fishery management plans. The Management Plan for the South Australian Recreational Fishery is also relevant to the Charter Boat Fishery. This management plan has been developed so that it can be integrated with any Aboriginal traditional fishing management plans that are made in the future that apply to the waters of this management plan.

3 TERM OF PLAN This plan applies from 1 April 2019 for the remainder of the period to which the original management plan applied (until August 2021). Section 49 of the Fisheries Management Act 2007 prescribes the requirements for reviewing or reinstating this management plan. Section 44 of the Fisheries Management Act 2007 prescribes the requirements for replacing this management plan upon expiry.

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4 DESCRIPTION OF FISHERY

The South Australian Charter Boat Fishery is a commercial platform for recreational fishing activities. As such, all catch from the fishery is regarded as recreational catch. Charter boat fishing offers recreational fishers an increased probability of success through the guidance of an experienced operator, and a fishing platform that can access good fishing grounds.

A boat is considered to be used for charter boat fishing even if recreational fishing activities are not the sole or primary purpose for which the boat is being used. For example, a dive charter operator or a shark/whale viewing charter operator requires a Charter Boat Fishery licence if passengers participate in recreational fishing and/or take fish during the charter trip.

A charter boat fishing trip may involve passengers leaving the boat to undertake shore-based fishing. In these cases, all fish taken are considered to be taken pursuant to the charter boat fishing trip. A boat ferrying passengers to and/or from a shore-based fishing destination, provided that no fishing is undertaken while passengers are on board the boat or in association with that boat trip, does not require a Charter Boat Fishery licence.

A charter boat fishing trip may vary from a few hours (enabling a charter fishing operator to conduct multiple charter trips in one day) to a few days, where passengers may stay on board the charter boat and fish taken pursuant to the charter trip are kept on board the boat.

During the life of this Management Plan, Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA) will work with the industry and relevant organisations to explore strategies that support sustainable growth in the tourism related activities associated with the sector, within the constraints of the allocated resource shares and within established sustainable catch limits and other arrangements designed to protect key shared fish stocks from being overfished.

This may include ways to create better linkages with regional tourism strategies, research and development to better understand client needs and involve improved communication of the diversity and seasonality of South Australia’s fish species and charter fishing opportunities and experiences.1

4.1 Historical overview

The State Government recognised the need for direct management controls on charter boat fishing in the mid-1990s, following the increasing popularity of these fishing ventures. The potential existed for large charter operations to take many passengers on regular trips and take significant quantities of fish.

Left unmanaged, the continued expansion and development of the charter boat fishing industry was likely to have biological impacts on fish stocks and economic consequences for the commercial, recreational and charter sectors. Charter fishing operations needed to be better managed to ensure the sustainability of the state’s aquatic resources.

1 It is noted that PIRSA is not the responsible agency for tourism-related strategies and any work to support the charter

sector in this regard will need to be a collaborative approach with the South Australian Tourism Commission and associations with tourism responsibilities.

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Moreover, it was considered that controlled development and regulation of the charter boat fishing industry would provide:

Capacity for the management of catch and effort of the sector under sustainable use principles

Reliable information for fisheries management decisions and planning

Capacity to identify and legitimise professional charter fishing operators as stakeholders in fisheries matters and provide for their representation in fisheries management forums

Capacity for the provision of a contribution by the charter boat fishing sector towards the costs of managing fish stocks

Capacity to manage and develop fishing-based tourism in South Australia.

In order to meet legislated sustainability objectives, charter boat fishing activities needed to be, at least, maintained at existing levels while the level of activity and impacts of this activity on fish resources were assessed. This was important because information relating to the impact of charter fishing on fish stocks was largely unknown.

Prior to the establishment of the Charter Boat Fishery, the industry operated within the constraints of recreational daily bag and boat limits. Operators using larger vessels experienced difficulties in providing an equitable share of fish to passengers, especially with larger numbers (i.e. greater than 3 passengers). For this reason, Ministerial exemptions were required on an annual basis under the Fisheries Act 1982 to increase individual passenger limits and total boat limits, in order to cater for larger passenger numbers.

On 28 November 2003, the then Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries released a policy directions paper on the proposed management of charter boat fishing in South Australia for public consultation. There were 27 recommendations in the paper relating to definitions, licensing, licence endorsements, regulations, industry representation and the development and review of a management plan for the fishery.

A Charter Boat Working Group was established in February 2004. It comprised representatives of the charter boat industry, government agencies including PIRSA and Transport SA, the South Australian Recreational Fishing Advisory Council (SARFAC), the South Australian Tourism Commission and representatives of the commercial Marine Scalefish Fishery. The Working Group met on four occasions to advise on proposed management arrangements for charter boat fishing and the preparation of a management plan.

The first draft management plan was released on 18 October 2004 for further public consultation and was subsequently finalised in May 2005. A key objective of the first management plan for the Charter Boat Fishery was to integrate the management of charter boat fishing into the overall management of South Australian fish stocks. With many fish stocks at, or near, full exploitation, there was a need to ensure that charter fishing, along with the recreational and commercial fishing sectors, was included in management arrangements for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of fish stocks.

Management controls and standards were also necessary to:

Assist with the orderly expansion and development of a charter boat fishing industry that contributed to the tourism and regional development objectives of the State

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Reduce potential conflict with the recreational, Aboriginal and commercial fishing sectors through issues of localised depletion of fish stocks and overcrowding of fishing locations

Ensure orderly and economically sustainable development of the industry so that operators have long-term viability and are willing to invest and promote resource stewardship and best practice for this industry sector.

The industry came under new licensing and management arrangements with the Fisheries (Scheme of Management—Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2005, gazetted on 21 July 2005. The new regulations (and amendments to existing fisheries legislation) included implementation of:

Eligibility criteria for access

Issuing of licences

Licence transferability

Cost recovery for management through licence fees

Boat registration

Registration of fishing gear

Registration of masters

Requirement to submit catch and effort returns

Specific charter boat fishing catch limits. Licensing and management of the Charter Boat Fishery provided a mechanism for collecting accurate information about catch and effort levels and for putting controls on catch and effort. The establishment of the fishery also brought the industry into the co-management framework for South Australian fisheries, which recognised the South Australian Surveyed Charter Boat Owners and Operators Association (SCBOOA) as the peak industry body to provide advice on management decisions.

Restricted entry was implemented by the first management plan to restrain catch and to avoid over-capitalisation so that biological and economic objectives could be developed for the fishery and pursued in a managed way. Whilst management arrangements developed for the Charter Boat Fishery sought to remove obstacles to competition, it was considered necessary to restrict entry to the fishery as a first step to implementing sustainable management arrangements. The policy of restricted entry has been considered as part of the review of the management arrangements for the Charter Boat Fishery and is maintained by this management plan.

In 2007, the Fisheries Management Act 2007 was introduced to replace the Fisheries Act 1982. The Charter Boat Fishery regulations were carried over under the new Act and became the Fisheries Management (Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2005. The regulations have since been remade and are now the Fisheries Management (Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2017.

A wildlife interaction logbook was introduced for all South Australian commercial fisheries in July 2007, which requires mandatory reporting of interactions with threatened, endangered or protected species.

In 2016-17 there were 100 licence holders in the Charter Boat Fishery with approximately 59% of operators undertaking regular charter operations (

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Table 1). In 2016-17, 14 459 passengers used a charter fishing operation in South Australia which was a decline of 39 percent from a peak of 23 710 passengers in 2011-12 (Rogers et al. 2017).

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Table 1: The number of Charter Boat Fishery licences, average number of clients and trip days in the Charter Boat Fishery over the past ten financial years

Financial year No. of clients Trip days Licences Active licences

2007/08 21,960 3,640 108 78

2008/09 21,431 3,561 108 79

2009/10 21,846 3,552 109 77

2010/11 20,095 3,322 109 77

2011/12 23,710 3,566 109 77

2012/13 23,532 3,391 109 75

2013/14 19,227 2,830 105 74

2014/15 15,136 2,389 105 61

2015/16 15,611 2,602 102 61

2016/17 14,459 2,392 100 59

(Source: Rogers et al. 2017)

4.2 Biological and environmental characteristics

4.2.1 Ecosystem and habitat The Charter Boat Fishery operates throughout the coastal marine waters off South Australia and in a variety of different habitat areas. ‘An Inventory of Important Coastal Fisheries Habitats in South Australia’ (Bryars 2003) identified 12 habitats in South Australia:

Reef

Surf beach

Seagrass meadow

Un-vegetated soft bottom

Sheltered beach

Tidal flat

Tidal creek

Estuarine river

Coastal lagoon

Mangrove forest

Saltmarsh

Freshwater spring The majority of charter boat fishing activities occur around reef, seagrass meadows, unvegetated soft bottom, sheltered beaches and tidal flats. A goal of this management plan is to manage the Charter Boat Fishery as part of the broader ecosystem. Ecosystem impacts of fishing are considered in more detail in Section 7.

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4.2.2 Biology of key species All species harvested and retained in the Charter Boat Fishery through logbook returns are shown in Table 2. Four species—Snapper, King George Whiting, Southern Bluefin Tuna and Bight Redfish—have been identified by the industry as primary target species for the Charter Boat Fishery. They are recognised as the icon species targeted by operators and most sought after by clients. A brief synopsis is provided below on each of these species. More detailed information on other target species is provided in stock assessment and stock status reports prepared by PIRSA’s research division, the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) Aquatic Sciences. All completed reports are available on the PIRSA fisheries and SARDI web pages at pir.sa.gov.au/fisheries or pir.sa.gov.au/research . Table 2: Species harvested and number of individuals retained (nominal catch) by financial year. Annual species totals are formatted conditionally by the graduated dark green colours from highest to lowest. Confidential data representing <5 licences are blank.

Species 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17

King George Whiting 52,531 54,563 49,788 54,327 54,563 42,289 35,526 29,469 35,356 34,125 Snapper 34,450 30,830 31,828 28,562 28,865 25,569 22,233 20,071 16,784 14,946 Bight Redfish 14,903 15,624 17,872 14,034 16,922 17,397 14,454 11,746 12,462 8,970 Silver Trevally 3,796 3,465 4,693 5,479 4,529 4,540 3,700 4,466 5,210 3,933 Snook 5,376 3,406 4,260 5,280 4,861 3,575 1,726 2,501 2,340 3,841 Western Aust. Salmon 6,732 7,051 6,075 1,954 4,815 5,694 7,112 4,556 5,657 3,566 Southern Calamari 2,137 2,244 3,348 2,307 7,401 6,571 4,572 3,167 2,816 2,364 Southern Bluefin Tuna 554 736 1,035 1,144 1,552 1,739 1,824 2,320 2,393 1,866 Garfish 1,365 6,259 6,327 6,710 7,117 2,310 4,450 3,958 3,143 1,620 Blue Crab 1,424 1,497 1,383 761 1,112 677 1,018 434 1,612 1,514 Swallowtail 4,930 6,509 5,952 5,306 6,971 7,919 3,766 2,795 1,916 1,372 Leatherjacket spp. 1,932 1,969 1,850 1,711 2,342 2,016 1,901 973 1,155 1,107 Red Mullet 2,373 2,059 1,770 1,263 888 1,270 1,367 913 1,053 972 School Whiting 580 178 Sweep 2,177 3,449 2,809 2,202 2,758 2,420 2,418 1,272 931 956 Australian Herring 2,718 2,864 3,240 1,658 1,259 2,120 2,312 2,050 1,314 923 Flathead spp. 1,120 1,260 930 657 766 531 420 400 431 749 Wrasse spp. 608 717 1,059 584 830 949 632 638 667 716 Morwong 686 576 637 574 747 780 550 571 708 452 ‘Other’ species 418 463 435 447 504 1,321 1,490 1,125 582 369 Gummy Shark 248 292 460 293 453 656 446 556 413 316 Razorfish Yellowtail Kingfish 118 55 115 121 142 224 132 139 229 138 Blue Mackerel 212 1,118 271 1,633 470 S. Rock Lobster 23 48 55 40 40 100 84 Blue Morwong 101 86 61 37 45 66 83 School Shark 83 76 93 45 133 101 256 119 83 79 Ling 43 48 17 41 Samsonfish 97 71 144 107 168 242 110 92 144 30 Albacore 18 60 W. Blue Groper 101 49 81 73 40 27 45 30 18 Weedy whiting 47 Bronze Whaler 39 11 23 14 7 15 13 Barracouta 225 183 151 0 0 Cuttlefish spp. 34 25 26 44 23 66 Striped Trumpeter 85 0

Totals 143,276 147,991 147,984 136,611 153,468 132,721 113,842 94,891 98,001 86,458

Source: Rogers (2017)

http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/fisheries

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SNAPPER (Chrysophrys auratus) Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) is a large, long-lived, demersal, finfish species that is a member of the family Sparidae. It is broadly distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region including Australia, where its extensive distribution includes the coastal waters of the southern two thirds of the continental mainland as well as northern Tasmania (Kailola et al. 1993). Throughout this distribution, Snapper occupy a diversity of habitats from shallow bays and estuaries to the edge of the continental shelf across a depth range of at least 200 m. The stock structure for Snapper in Australian waters is complex, as there are considerable differences in the spatial scales over which populations are divisible into separate stocks (Fowler et al. 2017). A recent study has indicated that the South Australian population involves three stocks (Fowler 2016, Fowler et al. 2017). The Western Victorian Stock (WVS) is a cross-jurisdictional stock that extends westward from Wilsons Promontory, Victoria into the south eastern waters of South Australia (SE). The remaining State waters of SA are divisible into the Spencer Gulf / West Coast Stock (SG/WCS) and Gulf St. Vincent Stock (GSVS) (Fowler 2016a, Fowler et al. 2017). KING GEORGE WHITING (Sillaginodes punctatus) King George Whiting is a member of the family Sillaginidae and is endemic to the shelf waters of southern Australia ranging from Port Jackson on the east coast through Bass Strait and west to Jurien Bay on the west coast of Australia (Kailola et al. 1993). Juveniles occur in shallow waters to depths of 20 m, whilst adults are found in a range of habitats and depths from sandy patches in seagrass meadows to more exposed waters along coastal beaches and reef areas in the continental shelf waters to depths of 50m and greater (Kailola et al. 1993). The nursery areas for King George Whiting are shallow, protected bays where the post-larvae arrive during the winter and spring each year (Fowler et al. 2008). While there is uncertainty about stock structure for King George Whiting throughout its range in southern Australia, for stock assessment and management purposes, three stocks are recognised based largely on the locations of, and connectivity between, nursery areas and spawning grounds (Fowler et al. 1999). These stocks are: West Coast of Eyre Peninsula, Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent/Kangaroo Island (Fowler et al. 2014). SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA (Thunnus maccoyii) Southern Bluefin Tuna is a member of the family Scombridae and are a highly migratory fish found throughout the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. They are a pelagic species and can be found to depths of 500 m (AFMA n.d.). In Australia, they can be found from northern Western Australia to Tasmania and northern New South Wales. Southern Bluefin Tuna is subject to an international recovery plan and is managed as a single global stock through domestic and international arrangements, in line with commitments to the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT).

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BIGHT REDFISH (Centroberyx gerrardi) Bight Redfish are a member of the family Berycidae. They are endemic to the Great Australian Bight in Australia and can be found up to 500 m deep (AFMA n.d.). They generally school around rocky reefs and muddy substrates on the continental shelf and upper slope of the Bight (AFMA n.d.).

4.3 Economic characteristics

The development and assessment of economic indicators for the Charter Boat Fishery commenced in 2010-11. The fishery contributed approximately $11.2 m to South Australia’s Gross State product in 2015-16 (Figure 2, Econsearch 2017) of which $1.7 m came from charter boat fishing directly, $2.0 m was generated by downstream activities and $7.5 m was generated in other sectors of the state economy (Econsearch 2107). Over the past three financial years, key performance indicators for the fishery have had a decreasing trend. These declines have been partially attributed to the changing economic climate, uncertainty regarding stock status and the availability of target species and changes in client expectations about the charter fishing experience (Rogers et al. 2017).

The number of clients and trip days per month peak in December/January each year and are shown in Figure 1 below.

Source: Rogers (2017)

Figure 1: Monthly mean (± s.d.) number (N) of (a) charter clients and (b) trip days between 2007-08 and 2016-17

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4.4 Social characteristics

The Charter Boat Fishery has a strong association with tourism in regional communities, as it is a draw card for visitors who may wish to experience fishing in offshore areas. In 2015-16, the Charter Boat Fishery directly employed approximately 36 full time equivalent (FTE) employees (Table 3) and 17 FTEs across the state with a further 54 FTEs engaged state wide through flow-on business activity (Econsearch 2017). State-wide total employment contribution from the Charter Boat Fishery was approximately 107 FTE jobs (Econsearch 2017). Table 3: The economic impact of the Charter Boat fishing industry in SA, 2015-16

a Full-time equivalent jobs. Direct employment in the fishing industry was comprised of 23 full-time jobs and 49 part-time jobs, that is, 72 jobs in aggregate, which was estimated to be equal to 31 fte jobs.

b Capital expenditure includes expenditure on boats, fishing gear and equipment, sheds and buildings, motor vehicles and other equipment.

c Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Source: Econsearch 2017

($m) % (fte jobs) % ($m) % ($m) %

Direct effects

Charter Boats 4.1 18.0% 36 33.3% 1.6 23.0% 1.7 14.8%

Visitor Activities

Trade 0.9 3.9% 5 4.9% 0.3 4.6% 0.5 4.4%

Accom, rest, cafes 1.1 4.8% 6 5.7% 0.4 5.1% 0.6 5.2%

Transport 0.6 2.9% 2 1.5% 0.2 2.3% 0.2 2.2%

Manufacturing 0.8 3.5% 2 1.7% 0.1 1.8% 0.2 2.1%

Other Sectors 0.5 2.1% 1 0.8% 0.1 1.4% 0.3 2.4%

Capital expenditure b 0.4 1.6% 2 1.7% 0.1 1.7% 0.2 1.4%

Total Direct c 8.3 36.7% 53 49.6% 2.8 39.9% 3.6 32.5%

Flow-on effects

Trade 1.6 7.0% 9 8.1% 0.5 7.8% 0.9 7.7%

Manufacturing 2.0 8.9% 6 5.7% 0.4 5.9% 0.6 5.6%

Business Services 1.6 7.0% 7 7.0% 0.7 10.2% 0.8 7.3%

Finance, Insurance 1.1 4.8% 2 1.4% 0.2 3.4% 0.7 6.5%

Other Sectors 8.0 35.6% 30 28.1% 2.3 32.9% 4.5 40.4%

Total Flow-on c 14.2 63.3% 54 50.4% 4.2 60.1% 7.5 67.5%

Total c 22.5 100.0% 107 100.0% 6.9 100.0% 11.2 100.0%

Total/Direct 2.7 - 2.0 - 2.5 - 3.1 -

Total/Client $1,400 - 0.01 - $400 - $700 -

Contribution to GSPEmployment a Household Income Sector

Output

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5 CO- MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS Co-management is an arrangement whereby responsibilities and obligations for sustainable fisheries management are negotiated, shared and delegated at appropriate levels between government, recreational fishers, Aboriginal traditional fishers, the commercial fishing industry and other key stakeholders such as conservation groups (Neville 2008). Co-management is recognised as a collection of positions starting from centralised government regulation with no stakeholder input at one end, to more autonomous management by industry groups and key stakeholders at the other, where government plays more of an audit role. Co-management is designed to achieve efficient regulatory practice (among many other things) while maintaining appropriate regulatory scrutiny and influence by government. PIRSA has adopted a Policy for the Co-Management of Fisheries in South Australia to inform discussion with the wider commercial fishing industry and other stakeholder groups as to how best to promote and implement co-management. The policy proposes that implementation of a preferred co-management model should be through a phased approach whereby industry and key stakeholders build their capacity over time and which allows for a government audit process to measure performance and success. Section 20 of the Fisheries Management Act 2007 provides that the Minister, or delegate of the Minister, may establish committees to provide advice to the Minister on any matter related to the administration of the Fisheries Management Act 2007. The Surveyed Charter Boat Owners and Operators Association (SCBOOA) is recognised as the representative industry body of the Charter Boat Fishery. The Minister for Primary Industries and Regional Development has oversight of the management of the fishery under this management plan, but day to day management is conducted by PIRSA in association with SCBOOA. Progressing co-management in the fishery could involve the development of a Charter Boat Fishery Management Advisory Committee. Such a committee could be an industry driven structure similar to the co-management advisory committees established for several other South Australian fisheries, to provide advice to the Executive Director, Fisheries and Aquaculture on management issues related to the fishery. Such an initiative could be considered during the life of this plan.

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6 ALLOCATION OF ACCESS BETWEEN SECTORS

6.1 Allocated shares of the resource

The Fisheries Management Act 2007 provides that a management plan must specify the share of the fishery to be allocated to each fishing sector under the plan (s43(2)(h)). The Act also provides that, in determining the share of aquatic resources to be allocated to a particular fishing sector under the first management plan for a fishery, the share of aquatic resources to which that fishing sector had access at the time the Minister requested the plan (based on the most recent information available to the Minister) must be taken into account (s43(3)). The Minister formally requested preparation of a management plan for the Charter Boat Fishery on 3 July 2008. The management plan, therefore, took into account the share of aquatic resources that the Charter Boat Fishery (as part of the recreational sector), and commercial sector and Aboriginal traditional fishing sectors had access to at that time. The best available information on the level of use by all fishing sectors was used to inform quantification of those shares (see Appendix 1, which further details the information used to allocate shares). For the purpose of this management plan, Charter Boat Fishery catch is considered to be recreational catch and is accounted for in the allocation for the broader recreational fishing sector. Recreational fishing means fishing other than commercial fishing or Aboriginal traditional fishing wherein fish are captured for personal consumption, sport or pleasure and either retained and consumed, shared or released. Many Aboriginal people participate in recreational fishing, as well as Aboriginal traditional fishing, and have a strong cultural connection to sea country. See Appendix 2 for further details on the sectors related to recreational fishing allocations. When this management plan was first developed, nominal allocations were provided for the Charter Boat Fishery for the two main species targeted by the fishery at that time, King George Whiting and Snapper (

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Table 4). This aimed to facilitate targeted management measures for the Charter Boat

Fishery, distinct from the wider recreational sector, if required. Therefore, Table 4 shows a nominal division of the recreational allocation between the charter fishery and broader recreational sector and is not to be considered as a formal allocation for the Charter Boat Fishery sector.

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Table 4: Allocated shares of Snapper and King George Whiting showing the nominal shares for the Charter Boat Fishery as a component of the recreational fishery

Species Commercial Recreational Aboriginal traditional

Snapper

MSF 79% Charter

10%

1% RLF 2% Recreational

8%

LCF 0.03%

Total 81% 18% 1%

King George Whiting

MSF 49.5% Charter

3%

1% RLF 1% Recreational

45.5%

LCF -

Total 50.5% 48.5% 1%

The Charter Boat Fishery also has access to take other aquatic resources, which are provided by the Fisheries Management (General) Regulations 2017. However, in this management plan, nominal shares are allocated to the first two primary target species taken in the fishery (Snapper and King George Whiting) only. As target species may change over time, nominal allocations for these species may be considered to be appropriate. PIRSA will continue to monitor the take of other species listed in Table 2 through catch and effort logbook returns. Any additional future management arrangements will be developed as required and as more information on these species becomes available. Allocations of shares of other species have been made in other relevant fishery management plans, such as for the commercial Marine Scalefish Fishery and the recreational fishery.

6.2 Review of allocations

Allocations between sectors may be reviewed, and would be undertaken in accordance with the Allocation Policy and under the following scenarios:

A review of the management plan; or

One or more sectors significantly exceed their allocation; or

A major change in the management of a species and or a sector that results in a shift of allocations to a sector/s, including the making of an Aboriginal traditional fishing management plan.

Where there is a sustainability concern for a particular species or stock or new information becomes available, a review may be undertaken at that time.

6.3 Allocation review process

The process to review allocations under the scenarios described above will be a two-staged approach. The first stage is an initial assessment to determine whether a full assessment is necessary or appropriate.

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6.3.1 Initial assessment The initial assessment will be conducted by PIRSA in consultation with relevant sectors of the fishery. Once the need for a review has been recognised an independent assessor or assessment committee may be established. The need for a second-stage assessment will be based on the following:

Has there been a shift in the access value of the fishery? Is there an emergence of a new commercial or recreational species that would bring additional social and economic benefits to the State if a reallocation was to occur?

Is the potential change in shares significant and considered long-term? A minor shift/anomaly may not require a full review.

Should a committee be established, a written report is to be prepared by the committee, with a recommendation to proceed to a full assessment or not. PIRSA will determine whether to move to a full assessment or may refer a recommendation to the Minister.

6.3.2 Full assessment As with the initial assessment, a full assessment of allocation will be conducted by PIRSA in consultation with relevant stakeholders. An evaluation panel is to be established with membership including an independent chair, independent experts as required (e.g. economist, social scientist), representatives of each fishing sector and a fisheries manager from outside South Australia (preferably with allocation experience). The panel needs to evaluate how the value of one or more sectors is changing and the likely trends in the future. In the context of these changes, all options being considered should be evaluated against the option of maintaining the status quo and the potential follow on effects with regard to:

Contribution to Gross State Product

Contribution to employment

Access for consumers to fresh seafood

Maintenance and growth of regional communities

Health impacts

Sport and recreation opportunities

Consistency with tourism policies

Other criteria relevant to the fishery.

6.3.3 Assessment outcomes Following the full assessment, the Allocation Policy (PIRSA 2011) provides that the review panel may recommend to the Minister one of two actions, either:

Manage each sector within the existing allocated shares

Proceed to adjust shares.

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6.3.4 Process for managing within existing shares If shares are to be maintained between sectors it may be necessary, depending on the circumstances, to alter the catch of one or more sectors. To determine the appropriate mechanism to re-establish initial allocations, the existing co-management arrangements will be used to develop a preferred option. Adjustments to recreational shares, if required, are likely to be made through alterations to fishing limits, seasonal or area closures or size limits. Managing adjustments to the commercial sector, if necessary, are likely to be achieved through a variety of controls consistent with current management arrangements and the harvest strategy for the commercial fishery such as seasonal and area closures, gear restrictions, catch limits and size limits.

6.3.5 Fishery development within existing shares As indicated in Section 4, the Charter Boat Fishery economic indicators are trending downward and PIRSA is working with industry to develop strategies to address this issue. In line with the objects of the Fisheries Management Act 2007 it is important that these strategies are established within the constraints of the allocated resource shares and within established sustainable catch limits and other arrangements designed to protect key shared fish stocks from being overfished. This will include exploring strategies to create better linkages with regional tourism strategies, research and development to better understand client needs and involve improved communication of the diversity and seasonality of South Australia’s fish species and charter fishing opportunities.

6.3.6 Process for adjusting allocations The following points are provided to guide an allocation adjustment process:

Adjustments to the shares will, in the first instance, be implemented through a voluntary process and through direct negotiations between the relevant sectors.

If agreement cannot be reached, a process of compulsory acquisition may occur in accordance with the Fisheries Management Act 2007. Adjustments are to be finalised within two years of the allocation adjustment process commencing.

Where the commercial fishing sector’s shares are reduced, so as to increase the share of another sector, compensation may be paid to the holders of commercial licences or licensed entitlements (sections 43(2) and 58 of the Act).

The Act does not provide compensation requirements for changes to the recreational sectors shares. However, management plans for each commercial fishery includes objectives to manage the commercial take with the allocated shares as part of the harvest strategies set out in those plans.

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7 ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS The Fisheries Management Act 2007 requires that ecological impacts be identified and assessed as the first step in developing a management plan. A goal of this plan is to manage the Charter Boat Fishery resources as a part of the broader ecosystem, using an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) approach. The Act specifically requires that the following impacts are identified:

current known impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem

potential impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem

ecological factors that could have an impact on the performance of the fishery. The ecological impacts associated with the fishery were identified and assessed through the process of conducting an ecologically sustainable development (ESD) risk assessment for the fishery. The National ESD Reporting Framework for Australian Fisheries (Fletcher et al. 2002) was used to conduct the risk assessment. The methodology for this risk assessment is described in detail at Appendix 3. In accordance with the ESD objective in the Act, this approach is aimed at identifying and prioritising the important ecological, social and economic factors affecting the management of the fishery. Risks and important issues in the fishery were identified in consultation with stakeholders and were prioritised using risk ratings from negligible to extreme. The highest risk rating in the revised assessment was moderate. Specific management strategies to minimise the moderate risks and associated performance indicators have been developed and are provided in Table 5. An overview of the ESD risk assessment for the Charter Boat Fishery is provided at Appendix 4. The report ‘Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) Risk Assessment for the South Australian Charter Boat Fishery’ (PIRSA 2018) provides detailed information about the Charter Boat Fishery and the outcomes of the ESD risk assessment. A copy of the ESD report can be found at the PIRSA website at www.pir.sa.gov.au/fishing.

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8 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES As set out in Section 7 of the Fisheries Management Act 2007, one of the objects of the Act is to protect, manage, use and develop the aquatic resources of the State in a manner consistent with ecologically sustainable development. The Act also requires that management plans be consistent with the objects of the Act. A number of biological, social and economic factors are identified in the objects of the Act that must be balanced in pursuing ecologically sustainable development. However, it is specified that the following principle applies: ‘proper conservation and management measures are to be implemented to protect the aquatic resources of the State from over-exploitation and ensure that those resources are not endangered’. The four goals for the Charter Boat Fishery are set out in Table 5. These goals capture the factors identified in the Act that must be balanced to pursue ecologically sustainable development.

Goal 1 – Charter Boat Fishery resources harvested within ecologically sustainable limits

This goal relates to the sustainability of the target stocks. The primary objective for Goal 1 is to ensure that species targeted in the Charter Boat Fishery are harvested sustainably and that adequate information exists and is collected to ensure this occurs. The main management arrangements in place to ensure this occurs are through a mix of controls which include: Input controls

Restricted entry

Restrictions on gear and/or endorsements

Spatial and temporal closures for some species caught in the fishery. Output controls

Minimum and maximum legal size limits

Catch limits

Permitted species for harvest.

Strategies identified to achieve this goal include:

Ensuring input and output controls support the sustainable use of the resource

Collecting fishery-dependent information through commercial logbooks

Monitoring and reporting on fishery catch data annually

Undertaking a recreational survey to estimate catch and effort at a minimum every five years

Assessing and reporting on the status of key species.

Goal 2 – Optimum utilisation and equitable distribution of the Charter Boat Fishery resources for the benefit of the community

This goal relates to the economic and social benefits derived from the Charter Boat Fishery in that fishing activities are managed to provide a benefit to the community.

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The objectives of this management plan in relation to these benefits are:

Maintain catches within the recreational allocated share

Management arrangements provide for development of the Charter Boat Fishery

Recognise Aboriginal traditional fishing access and cultural values. Strategies identified to achieve this goal include:

Explicitly allocating key species between identified stakeholders

Undertaking regulatory reform to allow for more flexibility in allocation and management arrangements

Integrating any traditional fishing access prescribed in Aboriginal traditional fishing management plans with the management of the Charter Boat Fishery and broader recreational sector.

Work with relevant organisations to explore strategies that support sustainable

growth in tourism related activities associated with the sector, within the constraints

of the allocated resource shares.2

Goal 3 – Fishery impacts on the ecosystem are minimised

This goal relates to the management of the fishery using an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) approach. The objectives of this management plan in relation to EBFM are:

Minimise fishery impacts on bycatch species and the ecosystem

Avoid the incidental catch and mortality of endangered, threatened and protected species.


Improving the awareness and adoption by industry of best practice measures/guidelines for fishing operations to reduce the risk of translocation of exotic aquatic plants and animals and associated diseases

Managing the interaction with, and best practice handling of, non-retained species and undersized fish to minimise fishing related mortality

Ensuring fishers report interactions with threatened, endangered and protected species.

Goal 4 – Cost-effective, efficient and participative management of the fishery

This goal relates to co-management of the fishery, planning of management activities and the recovery of the costs of management of the fishery. The objectives of this management plan in relation to co-management, planning and cost recovery are:

Provide cost-effective and efficient management of the fishery, in line with Government’s cost recovery policy

Management arrangements reflect concerns and interests of the wider community

Charter Boat Fishery licence holders are provided with key management information

Compliance with management arrangements.

2 It is noted that PIRSA is not the responsible agency for tourism related strategies and any work to support the charter sector in this regard will need to be a collaborative approach with the South Australian Tourism Commission.

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Recovering licence fees from commercial licence holders

Implementing management arrangements that are effective at achieving management objectives and optimising costs

Developing options for greater co-management in the Charter Boat Fishery

Undertaking an annual compliance risk assessment

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Table 5: Summary of performance indicators and reference points for the Charter Boat Fishery

Goal Objective Strategies Addressing Risk Performance Indicator Description Trigger Reference Point

Goal 1

Charter Boat Fishery Resources harvested within ecologically sustainable limits

1a Manage total catch and

effort across the sector to

ensure species are

harvested at sustainable

levels.

1a(i) Ensure input and output controls support

sustainable use of the resource

Target Species –

Breeding Stock

populations

Species of Interest

Allocation

Catch for key species allocated between

identified stakeholders

Total sector catch for each species

Catch ratio between recreational non

charter and recreational charter

Catch ratio between recreational (all

platforms) and commercial

General indicators are derived from

catch and effort information and

include total catch and species specific

catches

Increasing trend of the Charter Boat

Fishery as a proportion of the recreational

allocation.

1b Collect sufficient and

accurate fishery, biological

and environmental

information to inform

management decisions.

1b(i) Collect fishery-dependent information through

commercial logbooks

Research/information

Target Species –

Breeding Stock

populations

Allocation

Licence holders provide timely and

accurate monthly logbook information.

Charter Boat Fishery logbooks can be

validated if information provided is

confusing or appears to be misleading.

Good quality fishery-dependent data is

vital to building a robust suite of fishery

data.

Catch validation ensures logbook data

is accurate and improves confidence

in the data.

Commercial fishing (including Charter)

catch data not collected, monitored and

reported.

Logbook information provided is confusing

or appears to be misleading.

1b(ii) Monitor and report on fishery catch data

annually

Fishery catch data is monitored and

reported on annually

Good quality fishery-dependent data

on key species is vital to building a

robust suite of fishery data to inform

fishery management.

Commercial and charter fishing catch data

not monitored or reported in annual fishery

reports.

1b(iii) Undertake recreational survey to estimate

catch and effort periodically.

Recreational survey undertaken Good quality data are essential to on-

going monitoring of fishery status

Recreational survey not undertaken at a

minimum every 5 years

1b(iv)

Status of key species is assessed and

reported

Research/information

Target Species –

Breeding Stock

populations

Stock assessment and stock status reports

produced to a high standard in line with

agreed schedules

Good quality data are essential to on-

going monitoring of fishery status

Stock assessment report not provided on

regular basis

1b(v)

Incorporate the research needs of the Charter

Boat Fishery into the Marine Scalefish Fishery

research priorities and review every three

years.

The Marine Scalefish Fishery Strategic

Research priorities are reviewed and

updated every three years.

Strategic research to fill knowledge

gaps can improve the information for

the fishery.

Strategic research priorities not reviewed

at a minimum every 5 years and Charter

research needs are not included.

Goal 2

Optimum utilisation and equitable distribution of the Charter Boat Fishery resources for the benefit of the community

2a

Maintain catches within

allocated shares.

2a(i) Monitor catch shares for key species within

allocations for fishing sectors.

Target Species –

Breeding Stock

populations

Allocation

Economic

performance of fishery

Level of catch Accurate logbooks indicate catch is

within allocated shares.

Catch of either commercial or recreational

(including charter) sectors exceeds

allocated shares

2b Allocation framework and

management

arrangements provide for

development of the

Charter Boat Fishery.

2b(i) Regulatory reform is undertaken to allow for

more flexibility in business operation and

management arrangements within established

sustainable catch limits

Work with relevant organisations to explore

strategies that support sustainable growth in

tourism-related activities associated with the

sector

Regulatory reform undertaken to allow for

flexibility in business operation

Growth of passenger numbers in charter

sector.

Increase in trips.

Economic performance of Charter Boat

Fishery

Management framework enables

changes / increases in fishing activities

within the established allocated share

The management plan provides

processes for managing within existing

shares and adjusting allocations, if

required.

Regulatory reform to allow for agreed

changes not undertaken

Catch data not monitored annually or

reported in stock assessments

Economic indicators not monitored

annually

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2c Recognise Aboriginal

traditional fishing access

and cultural values.

2c(i) Integrate any traditional fishing access

prescribed in Aboriginal traditional fishing

management plans with the management of

the Charter Boat Fishery and broader

recreational sector.

Aboriginal fishing recognised in allocation

framework within the Management Plan.

Improved catch information for Aboriginal

traditional fishing is available.

Goal 3

Fishery impacts on the ecosystem are minimised

3a Minimise fishery impacts

on bycatch species and

the ecosystem.

3a(i) SCBOOA to improve the awareness and

adoption by industry of best practice

measures/guidelines for fishing operations to

reduce the risk of translocation of exotic

aquatic plants and animals and associated

diseases.

Introducing disease

Improved awareness of adoption of best

practice measures/guidelines regarding

management pests and diseases.

No. of reported breaches of regulations.

Translocation of biological material

and disease can have negative

environmental and economic effects

Members are not kept informed of current

and emerging biosecurity risks and best

practice measures/guidelines to reduce

risk of translocation.

3a(ii) Manage the interaction with, and best practice

handling of, non-retained species and

undersized fish to ensure that fishing related

mortality is minimised especially for species

subject to specific effort control measures.

Code of conduct developed to address the

interaction with and better handling of non-

target species.

Code of Conduct and other existing

guidelines will clearly outline to fishers

the expectations and guidelines on

minimising interactions with, and how

to best handle, these species.

Industry not adopting best practice

measures/guidelines.

Industry requirement to adopt best practice

measures/guidelines is not written into the

SCBOOA Service Level Agreement with

PIRSA.

3b Avoid the incidental catch

and mortality of

threatened, endangered

and protected species.

3b(i) Fishers to report interactions with threatened,

endangered and protected species.

Trends in fishery interactions with

protected species.

All commercial fishery licence holders

are required to complete and submit

wildlife interaction logbooks to report

any interactions with threatened,

endangered and protected species

Reports on incidental catch and/or

mortality not submitted.

3b(ii) Develop management measures to avoid

interactions with threatened, endangered and

protected species should any issues arise in

the fishery.

TEPS

Bycatch mortality

Management measures developed. There is an obligation under legislation

to minimise interactions with these

species.

Management measures are not developed

in response to issues surrounding

threatened, endangered and protected

species.

Goal 4

Cost-effective, efficient and participative management of the fishery

4a Cost-effective and efficient

management of the

fishery, in line with

government’s cost

recovery policy.

4a(i) Develop and implement management

arrangements that are effective at achieving

management objectives and optimising costs.

Management

effectiveness

Economic drivers

Access

Information

Industry Association

Effectiveness

Fee per licence holder

Licence fees include the costs of

management, compliance and

research.

A breakdown of major cost items as a

proportion of total boat cash costs.

Licence fee increases by more than CPI.

4a(ii) Recover licence fees from commercial licence

holders, sufficient to cover the attributed costs

of fisheries management, research and

compliance of the fishery in accordance with

the Government’s cost recovery policy.

Licence fees reflect the costs of fisheries

management, research and compliance

Licence fees include the costs of

management, compliance and

research.

Licence fees not collected

Licence fees are not sufficient to achieve

cost recovery goals

4a(iii) Develop options for greater co-management

by the Charter Boat Fishery.

SCBOOA membership is representative of

Charter Boat Fishery licence holders

It is essential that there is effective

representation of licence holders

through SCBOOA for effective PIRSA-

industry communication

SCBOOA does not provide evidence of

industry support for the co-management

service.

4b Management

arrangements reflect

concerns and interests of

the wider community.

4b(i) Promote stakeholder input to the management

of the fishery through co-management

processes, communication strategies and

possible research.

Management

effectiveness

Information

ESD risk assessment re-assessed at

management plan review.

Ecologically Sustainable Development

Risk Assessment not re-assessed at

management plan review

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4b(ii) Ensure that social and cultural issues are

given appropriate consideration when new

management strategies are being developed.

Demonstrate that these have been taken

into account when developing new

management strategies

Social and cultural issues not adequately

addressed when new management

strategies are being developed

4b(iii) Communicate management arrangements and

research to the wider community.

Information on PIRSA website, media

releases

Documentation of fisheries management

decision making processes and

management plan

Availability of publicly available information

on charter boat fishing and managements

decreasing from previous year

4c Charter Boat Fishery

licence holders are

provided with key

management information

4c(i) Charter Boat Fishery licence holders are

informed of key information affecting the

fishery

Information Changes in status and management

arrangements to relevant species in other

sectors and other key information are

communicated to the charter sector

Key information affecting the fishery,

including management arrangements to

relevant species in other sectors, are not

communicated to Charter Boat Fishery

licence holders

4d Compliance with

management

arrangements.

4d(i) Undertake annual compliance risk

assessment.

Target Species –

Breeding Stock

populations

Management

effectiveness

Compliance risk assessment undertaken

annually.

The compliance risk assessment

provides the opportunity to assess

compliance status in fishery and

prioritise work functions on high risk

areas to fishery

Compliance risk assessment not

undertaken annually

Outcomes of compliance risk assessment

not achieved

4d(ii) Develop and implement management

arrangements that are clear and

uncomplicated so as to promote voluntary

compliance and assist with successful

enforcement.

Industry understand management

arrangements

Achieving sustainable management of

fisheries requires fishers to comply

with regulations regarding fishing

activities, and to be responsible for

their fishing activities. A key objective

of fisheries management is therefore

to ensure fishers are aware of their

social responsibilities and are

motivated to comply with these.

Licence holders indicate they do not

understand management arrangements,

as reported in the Econsearch reports for

the fishery.

4d(iii) Encourage the community to report fisheries

offences to the Fishwatch number.

Communication materials used to

encourage reporting of illegal fishing

activity to Fishwatch (eg. media releases,

news stories, information on website)

Gathering intelligence from a number

of sources is important No intelligence received on Charter Boat

Fishery offences

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9 HARVEST STRATEGY

9.1 Overview

A harvest strategy is a framework that specifies the pre-determined management actions in a fishery for defined species (at the stock or management unit level) necessary to achieve the agreed ecological, economic and/or social management objectives (Sloan et al. 2014) Given the Charter Boat Fishery is a commercial platform for recreational fishing, the harvest strategy provided by the Management Plan for Recreational Fishing in South Australia will be used for the Charter Boat Fishery. This harvest strategy provides a structured framework for decision-making that specifies predetermined management actions necessary for the South Australian recreational fishery to achieve the ESD objectives of the Act. This Harvest Strategy is designed to be consistent with the 2014 National Guidelines to Develop Fishery Harvest Strategies (Sloan et al. 2014), and the South Australian Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy (PIRSA 2015) developed by PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2015. The harvest strategy brings together all of the key scientific monitoring, assessment and management elements to form an integrated package to make decisions about the level of fishing intensity that should be applied to recreational fishing resources. Monitoring of the fishery is achieved through various methods which are dependent on the suitability for assessment of each species. The indicators, operational objectives and trigger reference points and/or limit reference points are set out in the various commercial management plans.

Consistent with the Act, the principle of ecological sustainability has priority over the other principles of ESD; hence the sustainability aim is the primary assessment focus for the harvest strategy. Assessment outcomes lead to an annual stock status being determined for the fishery, which is reported in stock assessment reports and national stock status reports.

9.2 Spatial scale of fishery management

The Charter Boat Fishery operates from the Western Australian border (129E longitude)

to the Victorian border (141E longitude); a total of 3 820 km of coastline. The South Australian marine waters are divided into marine fishing areas, which are used to distinguish harvest locations and enable spatial research and management of the fishery. Each of the fishing areas have a corresponding map number; charter boat fishing activities are reported against those map numbers (refer to Appendix 5) (Knight and Tsolos 2010). The marine fishing areas are amalgamated into five regions for the purpose of reporting:

West Coast

Spencer Gulf / Coffin Bay

Gulf St. Vincent / Kangaroo Island

Victor Harbor / South East

Other (offshore areas)

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The fishery is generally managed at a whole-of-state level with size and catch limits in place for individual species, although there are some specific management arrangements that apply to particular regions of the fishery, for example, due to stock boundaries or localised management issues.

Unlike other fisheries operating with commercial interests, the Charter Boat Fishery is deemed to comprise recreational catch taken from a commercial platform. Monitoring the total catch allocated to the Charter Boat Fishery will inform management decisions to constrain future catches taken by the fishery. Such decisions would primarily be made to pursue the sustainability objectives of the Act and the goals of this management plan. Future changes to input and output controls in place for the Charter Boat Fishery (including size and catch limits) would also be considered in the context of these sustainability provisions, as well as the arrangements for the broader recreational fishing sector.

9.3 Objectives of the harvest strategy

The objectives of this harvest strategy are to:

1. Ensure long-term sustainable harvest of recreational species. Where sustainability issues are identified through commercial (or other) stock assessment processes, changes to the recreational sector are undertaken correspondingly to the commercial sector in line with each sector’s allocated shares.

2. Maintain recreational catches within the allocated shares. The process for reviewing and/or adjusting shares will be undertaken in accordance with the limits specified in Section 10. The catches by relevant sectors will be presented within the stock status/ or fishery assessment report in years when available.

3. Maximise fishing experience within ecological sustainable limits and allocated shares.

In achieving the objectives of this and future harvest strategies it is difficult to identify the appropriate management responses given the complexities of this fishery. There is a range of management tools available to achieve the operational objectives of this harvest strategy, which include:

catch limits

size limits

seasonal and area closures

gear modifications.

Determination of the most appropriate mix of controls in the circumstances to achieve the specified management target will be considered within the existing co-management framework and in accordance with the harvest strategy provided by the Management Plan for Recreational Fishing in South Australia. Charter boat fishing limits were reviewed for a number of species as part of the mid-term review of this management plan. For further detail on the harvest strategy please refer to the Harvest Strategy for the Management Plan for Recreational Fishing in South Australia (PIRSA, 2017), which provides a number of components including:

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Biological objectives, performance indicators and trigger/limit reference points

Decision rules

Potential management options for revised recreational fishery management arrangements

Species not covered by a commercial fishery management plan

Allocation

Recreational fishing surveys.

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10 STOCK ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH

10.1 Research services

PIRSA conducts scientific research services for each fishery. SARDI Aquatic Sciences is the primary research provider for core research for the Charter Boat Fishery.

10.2 Data collection and analysis

The primary source of data used for stock assessments for Snapper and King George Whiting is fishery-dependent; however, there have been a number of recent research projects undertaken by SARDI to improve understanding of these key fish stocks3. Information on other priority species is reported and analysed in the regular reports discussed at 10.3. The collection of fishery-dependent data is facilitated by a commercial logbook program, which requires all commercial fishers, including charter boat operators, to compulsorily record daily information on catch and effort levels and other details on daily fishing operations. This information is entered into a database, which is managed by SARDI Aquatic Sciences. Information collected through the logbook program is periodically reviewed to ensure data collection meets management and research needs. The common unit of effort currently used to measure catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the fishery is fishing time on target species (e.g. Snapper and King George Whiting). These broad units of effort will be refined and standardised during the life of the management plan to improve estimates of CPUE. Due to the inherent limitations associated with fishery-dependent data sets, it is recognised that the information required to generate accurate estimates of some fishery performance indicators may require additional fishery-independent data. It is also recognised that it may be necessary for fishery-dependent data sets to be periodically validated by independent means to ensure accuracy of the data collected. All data available on recreational catch and effort levels will be taken into account when assessing the performance of the Charter Boat Fishery through stock assessment. The data provided by the 2013/14 South Australian Recreational Fishing Survey (Giri and Hall 2015) was used as the main source of information on catch and effort levels in the broader recreational sector. Development of cost-effective methods to continue the collection of accurate recreational catch and effort data is identified as a strategic research priority (Section 10.4).

10.3 Reporting

Three types of report are prepared and delivered periodically for the Charter Boat Fishery:

1. Annual catch and effort report. This annual report compiles catch and effort data supplied by licensed commercial operators in the Charter Boat Fishery. This report monitors catches of all species in the fishery and is delivered to an industry forum each year.

3 Steer, M.A., McGarvey. R., Oxley, A., Fowler, A.J., Grammer, G., Ward, T.M., Westlake, E., Matthews, D. and Matthews, J. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) 2017, Developing a fishery independent estimate of biomass for Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Adelaide, June. Fowler, A. J. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) 2016, The influence of fish movement on regional fishery production and stock structure for South Australia's snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) fishery (PDF 18.3 MB), Adelaide, April.

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2. The South Australian Recreational Charter Boat Fishery Research Report. This is a more comprehensive report that is published once every three years analysing the performance of the Charter Boat Fishery along with additional information including customer origins, TEPS interactions and limited socio-economic summaries.

3. Economic Indicators report. An economic indicators report for the Charter Boat Fishery has been published annually since 2010/11.

4. Stock assessment reports. These major reports for Snapper and King George Whiting are published regularly and document, analyse and interpret the available data and assess these key target species against the performance indicators identified in the management plan for the Marine Scalefish Fishery. Information on stock assessment and stock status for individual species in the Charter Boat Fishery currently relies on reports published by SARDI Aquatic Sciences through the research program for the commercial Marine Scalefish Fishery.

10.4 Strategic research priorities

During the term of this management plan, the Charter Boat Fishery aims to build an understanding about the impacts of the fishery on the aquatic resources of the State. Strategic research priorities identified for the Charter Boat Fishery include:

Cost-effective methods to continue the collection of accurate recreational catch and effort data

Collection of sound economic data for the fishery and the further development of economic indicators

Continuing stock assessments for primary target species

Information on survival and mortality for catch and release fishing

Building capacity and communication / education programs for participants in the Charter Boat Fishery

Undertaking a market research project to determine and measure client expectations and desired experiences.

PIRSA, SARDI and SCBOOA may identify additional research projects for the Charter Boat Fishery as appropriate. Issues associated with stock abundance and health are primarily addressed under the research priorities of the Marine Scalefish Fishery, as detailed in the Management Plan for the South Australian Commercial Marine Scalefish Fishery. Given the economic challenges facing the fishery and the differences it has to the Marine Scalefish Fishery, there could be benefit in developing a Strategic Research Plan specifically for the Charter Boat Fishery.

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11 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING

11.1 Objectives

PIRSA runs a compliance program that has dual objectives:

To maximise voluntary compliance with fisheries rules4

To create effective deterrence to breaching fisheries rules. These objectives are consistent with the National Fisheries Compliance Policy. Voluntary compliance is maximised through ensuring that fishers are aware of the rules that apply to their fishing activities, understand the rules and the purpose of those rules, and operate in a culture of compliance. Effective deterrence is created through the presence of Fisheries Officers and awareness of compliance operations, as well as through detection and prosecution of illegal activity.5

11.2 Cost recovery

The costs of the compliance program are funded in two ways. The costs attributed to the commercial sector are recovered from licence holders through licence fees. This is done in accordance with the Government’s cost recovery policy for fisheries. PIRSA and industry associations are involved in annual discussions in relation to the proposed compliance program and associated costs. The costs attributed to non-commercial sectors are funded by the Government from consolidated revenue. The compliance program directly related to charter boat operators is funded by the Charter Boat Fishery through licence fees.

11.3 Planning

PIRSA compliance programs are developed on an annual basis to:

Support the fisheries management objectives for each fishery

Identify emerging compliance risks in each fishery

Respond to key risks

Have an appropriate mix of tools designed to maximise voluntary compliance and create effective deterrence

Establish benchmarks against which to measure responses to risks.

11.4 Risk assessment

A risk assessment is undertaken on an annual basis for each fishery. This assessment identifies and prioritises the compliance risks that exist in the fishery. Risks are ranked according to the likelihood and consequence of the risk occurring.

4 Rules include regulations, licence conditions, closure notices or any other enforceable instrument under

the Fisheries Management Act 2007. 5 Prosecution may include the issuing of a formal caution or an expiation notice, in addition to prosecution

through the courts.

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This risk assessment is used to inform annual compliance planning processes. The risk assessment for the Charter Boat Fishery will be conducted each year prior to the commencement of the cost recovery cycle for the following year. The risk assessment process will involve representatives of the SCBOOA.

11.5 Responses and benchmarks

Compliance activities are planned to respond to the risks identified in each fishery, with an emphasis on the most serious risks. Responses must include measures aimed at both maximising voluntary compliance and creating effective deterrence. Benchmarks are established by which to measure compliance activities. These benchmarks are used to guide the allocation of resources in compliance planning.

11.6 Compliance plans

Plans are developed each year and are implemented for the full licensing year.

11.7 Compliance reporting

Every year a report is to be prepared assessing the compliance status of the Charter Boat Fishery. This report will:

Describe the compliance program for the previous year, including an overview of activities and relevant statistics

Describe how the program has been implemented to achieve both voluntary compliance and create effective deterrence

Describe the risks that have been addressed as a priority over that period

Comment on any changes to the risk profile of the fishery during that period

Analyse the compliance status of the fishery (including information about intelligence reports received)

Make suggestions for future compliance planning. In addition, six monthly reports will be provided to the industry to capture any emerging compliance trends for the Charter Boat Fishery.

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12 REGULATORY ARRANGEMENTS Regulatory arrangements for the Charter Boat Fishery are contained within the Fisheries Management (Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2017 and the Fisheries Management (General) Regulations 2017. Any amendments to the above regulations could change the regulatory arrangements listed in this section. Appropriate consultation will be undertaken should that occur. In relation to licences, the Minister reserves the right to amend licence conditions and entitlements for the Charter Boat Fishery if required to meet sustainability objectives of the Fisheries Management Act 2007 and/or in this plan through the term of the plan.

12.1 Licensing

12.1.1 Issue of licences Upon the establishment of the Charter Boat Fishery, applicants were granted a licence if they could demonstrate that they had a current charter boat fishing business and were operating that charter boat fishing business on 28 November 2003, or that they were in the process of establishing a charter boat fishing business as of that date. Persons previously operating charter boat fishing businesses, but who sold or ceased to operate those businesses were not eligible for a licence under the criteria established in the previous management plan. The then Director of Fisheries undertook an initial assessment of licence applications in accordance with the qualification criteria listed below. However, an independent arbiter was appointed to review all applications that were assessed by the Director as not meeting the qualification criteria. This independent arbiter provided further advice to the then Director of Fisheries. An “eligible person or company” was deemed to be:

(a) A person or company who demonstrated that, at the time of making the application, they currently owned a charter fishing business and that business was operating on 28 November 2003; or

(b) A person or company who demonstrated that they were in the process of establishing a charter fishing business on 28 November 2003; or

(c) An Aboriginal corporation who demonstrated that, at the time of making the application, they were a signatory to an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) or associated with a signatory to an ILUA that includes provisions about entering the Charter Boat Fishery, and had a business plan for a charter boat fishing business.

These criteria were established by the regulations with the intention of ensuring that a licence was able to be issued to each existing charter boat fishing business that was operating, or was in the process of being established, on 28 November 2003, or an Aboriginal corporation that enters into an ILUA with the Government. The intention of the process was that only one licence was issued in relation to each existing or proposed business. It was not intended that persons involved in charter boat fishing but who did not own an existing or proposed charter boat fishing business would be eligible.

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Entry to the fishery was restricted using eligibility criteria to restrain catch and to avoid over-capitalisation so that biological and economic objectives can be developed for the fishery and pursued in a managed way. Management arrangements have been implemented for the Charter Boat Fishery to ensure that there is sustainable utilisation of the marine aquatic resources in the State. Access to the Charter Boat Fishery is provided through a licence for the Charter Boat Fishery. Licences are issued for a period of ten years under the original term of this management plan.

12.1.2 Transferability Charter Boat Fishery licences are fully transferable. An application for transfer of a licence must be made to the Minister of Primary Industries and Regional Development or his/her delegate and an appropriate application fee must be paid.

12.1.3 Registered masters Registered boats must always be in the charge of a registered master who is endorsed on the licence. A maximum of five registered masters are allowed to be endorsed on a licence and only one vessel per licence can be used on the water at any one time. The exception to this rule occurs when licence holders are endorsed to use multiple vessels on the water at any one time. In such cases the number of permitted registered masters then reduces to three per vessel. An application for registration of a person as the master of a boat used pursuant to a licence must be made on the approved form and submitted to the Executive Director Fisheries and Aquaculture.

12.1.4 Registered boats Licence holders may register up to five boats on their licence at any one time. If a licence is endorsed by licence condition to use only one boat at a time, the fee applicable will be for the highest passenger survey class. If the licence is endorsed by licence condition to used more than one boat at the same time, fees will be applicable for each of those endorsed boats. Charter Boat Fishery licence holders may apply to the Executive Director Fisheries and Aquaculture to register a boat that is already registered and endorsed on a licence for another fishery. However, requirements to ensure that they can only be used pursuant to one fishery at any one time need to be met. For example, the boat numbers are required to be changed to indicate which licence they are fishing under, and a prior report to the Fishwatch phone number is necessary. Up to two tender boats may be registered on a Charter Boat Fishery licence at any one time.

12.1.5 Registered devices The Executive Director Fisheries and Aquaculture may impose conditions on licences in respect of the Charter Boat Fishery, limiting the number of devices that may be carried on boats and otherwise regulating the carrying of devices used for fishing activities pursuant to the licences.

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The following devices are permitted for use by individual passengers on a charter fishing boat without the need to register the device:

Table 6: Permitted devices in the Charter Boat Fishery

Device Maximum

number per passenger

Maximum number per boat

rod and line, and /or handline 2

teaser line 1

hand net 1

lift net (hoop and drop net) 2

hand spear 1

crab rake 1

cockle rake 1

razor fish tongs 1

rock lobster snare 1

bait fork or spade - 2

bait pump - 2

12.1.6 Rock lobster pots Recreational rock lobster pots may be used on a charter fishing trip by a recreational fisher. Fisheries legislation requires that recreational rock lobster pots can only be used by the holder of a current registration and only if the fisher holds a registration tag issued by PIRSA. This means clients aboard charter vessels are required to set and retrieve their own registered pots. The registered number must be clearly displayed on the pot and on the buoy(s) attached to the pot, in accordance with the Fisheries Management (General) Regulations 2017. A Charter Boat Fishery licence holder, a registered master and crew operating as agents of the licence holder are not permitted to use recreational rock lobster pots registered under their names, pursuant to the charter fishing licence. The charter boat industry has indicated its aspirations to improved opportunities for clients to take rock lobster on charter fishing trips and facilitate greater engagement with the tourism market, especially for overseas clients who are specifically interested in catching rock lobster. At the time of reviewing this management plan, the catches of rock lobster taken by the recreational sector was nearly fully subscribed to its allocated share. Any changes to management arrangements to facilitate this flexibility must ensure catches are maintained within the formal shares allocated between the commercial and recreational fishing sectors. In conjunction with reduced individual passenger catch limits of rock lobster, provisions are proposed to be implemented to allow charter operators to receive recreational rock lobster pot registration tags on behalf of customers and set recreational pots using those tags prior to a charter trip without having to have the customer on board the charter vessel. However, the person in whose name the pots are registered would be required to be on board the charter vessel when the pots are retrieved. These arrangements for the charter sector would be implemented as a trial, with a review of the arrangements undertaken after two years from the commencement of this management plan.

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To avoid the recreational sector allocation being exceeded, the proposed individual passenger limits for rock lobster would be reduced from four per person to two per person (for charter fishing only).

12.2 Management arrangements

The management arrangements in the Charter Boat Fishery include both input and output controls. Current input controls include:

Restrictions on the number of licences through eligibility criteria

Restrictions on the number of vessels per licence that can be used on the water at any one time

Gear limits per passenger

Limited number of qualified registered masters per vessel

Seasonal / area closures for certain species

Prohibition on Charter Boat Fishery licence holders or crew undertaking fishing activities while operating a charter fishing trip (other than assisting customers)

Output controls include limits on the length of retained fish, and bag limits on a per boat and trip basis. These arrangements are legislated under the Fisheries Management (General) Regulations 20017 and Fisheries Management (Charter Boat Fishery) Regulations 2017. As identified in the mid-term review of this plan, bag and boat limits were reviewed for a number of species. It was agreed it would be beneficial to amend personal catch limits on charter boats for certain species that are not limited by the number of passengers to improve clarity and simplicity. Charter operators must also meet marine vessel survey requirements and hold appropriate levels of public liability insurance. Operators must clearly display their Charter Boat Fishery licence number while undertaking fishing charters.

12.2.1 Key issues In reviewing the management plan, a number of key issues of relevance to the Charter Boat Fishery were raised which could be considered for further investigation during the life of this plan. These include:

Enhancing co-management arrangements for the fishery – section 5 of this plan allows for the formation of a Charter Boat Fishery Management Advisory Committee

Consideration of changing the rules around the use of rock lobster pots on charter vessels – section 12.1.6 of this plan allows for more flexibility with regards to fishing for rock lobster from charter boats

Managing and clarifying bag and boat limits for all species – Fishing limits in the Charter Boat Fishery were reviewed as part of the review of this management plan with the removal of boat limits and implement individual passenger limits considered

Access to catching bait for use in charter operations

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Revised Snapper management arrangements – has been addressed through the review of the bag limit for this species

Clarification of identification and management arrangements for Nannygai or Redfish – management arrangements have been addressed through the review of the bag limits for these species

Regionalisation/zoning of the fishery – to allow for region-specific management of the fishery.

Latent effort – given a large proportion of the licences in the fishery are not being actively fished

Allocation of nominal shares to the charter boat sector for other key species

Review of the definition of the Charter Boat Fishery to consider inland waters and land-based fishing guide activities.

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13 REVIEW OF PLAN A review of this management plan may be conducted at any time and a full review will be conducted prior to the expiry of this plan (August 2021). As noted in section 12, the arrangements to allow charter boat operators to set rock lobster pots on behalf of customers will be reviewed after two years of the arrangements coming into place. Under the Fisheries Management Act 2007 management plans are subject to periodic review. Section 49 of the Act outlines the process of reviewing a management plan. Amendments to management plans may also be considered under section 46 of the Act.

14 RESOURCES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE PLAN

14.1 Cost recovery - overview

South Australian commercial fisheries operate in accordance with the Government’s cost recovery policy, which provides that the costs attributed to the management of the commercial fishery are recovered from industry. Therefore, the costs of policy development, research and compliance programs are 100% cost recovered through legislated licence fees. The commercial fishing industry, through its representative bodies, has a high level of involvement in structuring the relevant policy, compliance and research programs in partnership with PIRSA and its service providers. This is an important facet of co-management in South Australia.

14.2 Cost recovery – Charter Boat Fishery

Charter Boat Fishery management costs are recovered through a base licence fee and an additional boat registration fee per each vessel registered. The base licence fee applies to all licence holders. In addition to the base licence fee, three categories of boat registration fees exist reflecting surveyed capability for taking paying passengers. The three classes are as follows:

Boat that is surveyed to take up to 6 unberthed passengers (Class 1).

Boat that is surveyed to take 7 to 12 unberthed passengers (Class 2).

Boat that is surveyed to take over 12 unberthed passengers (Class 3).

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15 APPENDICES

15.1 Appendix 1: Information used to allocate shares

In determining the share to be allocated to a particular fishing sector under the first management plan for an existing fishery, the share to which that sector had access at the time the Minister requested the plan to be prepared (based on the most recent information available to the Minister) must be taken into account. The Allocation Policy requires that information about current use by sectors must be real, recent and reliable. The information used to allocate shares of aquatic resources in the first management plan for the Charter Boat Fishery was derived from the following sources:

2007/08 South Australian Recreational Fishing Survey (Jones, 2009)

The South Australian Recreational Charter Boat Fishery Report 2009 (Knight, 2010)

South Australian Wild Fisheries Information and Statistics Report (Knight and Tsolos, 2009)

South Australian Wild Fisheries Information and Statistics Report 2008/09 (Knight and Tsolos, 2010)

SARDI Aquatic Sciences catch and effort database of licensed commercial fishers’ logbook returns.

15.2 Appendix 2: Sectors related to fishing allocations

Recreational sector

The recreational sector accounts for a significant proportion of the total catch of a number of species, including King George Whiting, Blue Swimmer Crabs, Mulloway and Southern Calamari. For the purpose of this management plan, Charter Boat Fishery catch is considered to be recreational catch and is accounted for in the allocation for the broader recreational fishing sector. Commercial sector

Licence holders in the Marine Scalefish Fishery, Southern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery, Northern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery, Miscellaneous Fishery, Lakes and Coorong Fishery, Blue Crab Fishery and Central Zone, Western Zone and Southern Zone Abalone Fisheries all have some form of access to recreationally caught species. All commercial sectors with access were considered in the initial allocation process. Some recreationally taken species are also taken by Commonwealth managed fisheries such as the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery and the Southern Bluefin Tuna Fishery. These species are managed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA), and the management of these commercial fisheries are outside the jurisdiction of the South Australian Government. As such, an allocation is not provided for these fisheries.

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Aboriginal traditional sector

The Act acknowledges Aboriginal or indigenous fishing in the form or Aboriginal traditional fishing. This is defined in part as being ‘non-commercial’ in nature. It should be noted that, under the Act, the Minister may create separate management plans for Aboriginal traditional fishing where an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) exists with any Native Title group. In respect of any future traditional fishing management arrangements, the taking of recreational species will be subject to ILUA’s and traditional fishing management plans and any claims of Native Title as they relate to the taking of aquatic resources in SA waters. These will be assessed on their merits and on a case by case basis taking into consideration the circumstances raised at that time. Any necessary variation of this management plan resulting from this can be ascertained at that time. The nature and extent of Aboriginal traditional fishing for recreational species (state-wide marine and freshwater) has not been ascertained at this time. In this management plan, a share of access has been allocated and set aside for the purpose of resolving any Native Title claims. Should the nature and extent of Aboriginal traditional fishing of species within this plan become evident the provisions of this plan can be reviewed. It should be noted that at the time of preparing this management plan, one claim for access or allocation for Aboriginal traditional fishing has been determined under a Native Title claim registered in South Australia. There are a number of applications before the Native Title Tribunal; refer to <http://www.nativetitlesa.org/claims> for more information.

15.3 Appendix 3 – Updated ESD risk assessment

The Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) Risk Assessment for the South Australian Commercial Blue Crab Fishery (2009) was used as the basis for an update of the evaluation of the environmental, economic and social risks associated with the Blue Crab Fishery in the development of this management plan. Through the Charter Boat Fishery Management Plan Review Working Group, stakeholders in the fishery revisited the risk assessment and identified components where the risk had remained the same or changed. An updated table of medium and high risks is at Table 7. A full description of these risks and the assessment process are provided in the ESD Risk Assessment for the Charter Boat Fishery 2018.

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15.4 Appendix 4 – ESD Risk Assessment Overview Table

Table 7: Performance report for Extreme, High and Moderate Risk elements of the Charter Boat Fishery ESD Risk Assessment. * = Review under development of new management policy, ** = Review at next major ESD assessment

Issue Risk/Priority Objective

developed

Indicator

measured

Performance

measure

Current

performance

Robustness Actions

Retained species

Snapper Gulf Saint Vincent (GSV) Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not defined High *

Snapper Spencer Gulf West Coast (SGWC) Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not defined High *

King George Whiting (KGW) Spencer Gulf Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not defined High *

KGW GSV Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not defined High *

SBT Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not defined High *

Non-retained species

N/A

General Ecosystem Impacts of Fishing

N/A

Community

Relationships Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Infrastructure Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Governance

Industry Association Effectiveness Moderate Yes Yes Yes Not meeting

objective

Medium *

Allocation Moderate Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A **

External factors affecting performance of the fishery

AMSA Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

AFMA Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Marine parks Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Social Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Illegal operators Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Natural fluctuations Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Spatial restrictions Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Temporal restrictions Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Other industry Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Governance Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

WHS Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Aquaculture Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Water quality Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

Running costs Moderate No No No N/A N/A **

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15.5 Appendix 5 – Charter Boat Fishery Statistical Areas

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16 ACRONYMS AFMA Australian Fisheries Management Authority CCSBT Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna COC Code of Conduct CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort DEW Department of Environment and Water ESD Ecologically Sustainable Development EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 FMA Fisheries Management Act 2007 FRDC Fisheries Research and Development Corporation ILUA Indigenous Land Use Agreement NRIFS National Recreational and Indigenous Fishing Survey PIRSA Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia SARDI South Australian Research and Development Institute SCBOOA Surveyed Charter Boat Owners and Operators Association TEPS Threatened, Endangered and Protected Species

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17 GLOSSARY OF COMMON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT TERMS

These terms are intended to be used for the purposes of fisheries management plans only and are not intended to be inconsistent with fisheries legislation. Aboriginal traditional fishing Fishing engaged in by an Aboriginal person for the purposes of satisfying personal, domestic or non-commercial, communal needs, including ceremonial, spiritual and educational needs, and using fish and other natural marine and freshwater products according to relevant aboriginal custom. Adaptive management Management involving active responses to new information or the deliberate manipulation of fishing intensity or other aspects in order to learn something of their effects. Within a stock, several sub-stocks can be regarded as experimental units in which alternative strategies are applied. Age structure A breakdown of the different age groups within an individual population, or population sample. Allocation Distribution of the opportunity to access fisheries resources, within and between fishing sectors. Aquatic plant An aquatic plant of any species, including the reproductive products and parts of an aquatic plant. Aquatic reserve An area of water, or land and water, established as an aquatic reserve by proclamation under the Fisheries Management Act 2007. Aquatic resource Fish or aquatic plants. Bag limit The maximum number of a species that can be legally taken by a recreational fisher per day or per fishing trip, as specified. Beach price Price received by commercial fishers at the "port level" for their catch, and is generally expressed in terms of $/kg. Processing costs are not included in the beach price, as processing operations are assumed to occur further along the value chain. The use of beach prices also removes the effect of transfer pricing by the firm if it is vertically integrated into the value chain. Benthic Describes animals that live on, in or near the substrate. Biodiversity The variability among living organisms from all sources (including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part) and includes: (a) diversity within species and between species; and (b) diversity of ecosystems. Biomass Total weight of a stock or a component of a stock;. Boat Business Profit Defined as GOS less Depreciation less Owner-operator and Unpaid Family Labour. Boat Business Profit represents a more complete picture of the

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actual financial status of an individual firm, compared with GOS, which represents the cash in-cash out situation only. Boat Capital Capital items that are required by the licence holder to earn the boat income. It includes boat hull, engine, electronics and other permanent fixtures and tender boats. Other capital items such as motor vehicles, sheds, cold-rooms, and jetty/moorings can be included to the extent that they are used in the fishing business. The fishing licence/permit value is included in total boat capital. Boat Cash Income Defined as Gross Operating Surplus less imputed wages for owner- operator and unpaid family labour. Boat Gross Margin Total Boat Income less Total Boat Variable Costs. This is a basic measure of profit which assumes that capital has no alternative use and that as fishing activity (days fished) varies there is no change in capital or fixed costs. Boat limit The maximum number of a species that can be legally taken by recreational fishers on a boat per day or per fishing trip, as specified. Bycatch At a broad level, fisheries by-catch includes all material, living and non-living, other than targeted species which is caught while fishing. It includes discards (that part of the catch returned to the water) and also that part of the catch that is not landed but is killed as a result of interaction with fishing gear. By-product Non-targeted catch that is commercially valuable and retained by fishers. Catch The total amount (weight or number) of a species captured from within a specified area over a given period of time. The catch includes any animals that are released or returned to the water. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) The weight or number of a species caught by a specified amount of effort. Typically, effort units are defined using a combination of the following factors: gear type; gear size; the amount of gear; the amount of time the gear is used ; and the number of people operating the gear. CPUE is often used as an index of relative abundance in fisheries stock assessment. In modern assessments, CPUE is standardised to account for the diverse range of factors that can affect CPUE. Closures Prohibition of fishing during particular times or seasons (temporal closures) or in particular areas (spatial closures), or a combination of both. Cohort A group of fish spawned during a specified period, usually within a year. A cohort is also referred to as an age class. Co-management arrangements An arrangement in which responsibilities and obligations for sustainable fisheries management are negotiated, shared and delegated between government, fishers, and other interest groups and stakeholders. Commercial fishing Fishing undertaken for the purpose of trade or business. Common property resource A resource that is determined to be owned by the community, or by the State on behalf of the community, and to which no individuals or user groups have exclusive access rights.

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Cost of management services Commercial fishery management services will generally include biological monitoring and reporting; policy, regulation and legislation development; compliance and enforcement services; licensing services and research. Critical habitats Habitats that are crucial in at least part of the life cycle of a species, which typically includes nurseries such as estuaries, mangroves, seagrass beds, reefs and defined spawning areas. Data poor fishery A fishery where limited data are available to inform management. For example, fisheries for species where baseline biological data such as size at maturity, fishing mortality and growth rates are unknown. Depreciation Depreciation refers to the annual reduction in the value of boat capital due to general wear and tear or the reduction in value of an item over time. Ecologically sustainable development Using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased. ESD principles require that:

decision-making processes should effectively integrate both long-term and short-term economic, environmental, social and equity considerations

if there are threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation

the principle of inter-generational equity: that the present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations

the conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity should be a fundamental consideration in decision-making and

improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms should be promoted. Economic efficiency The maximisation of the value of the net benefits derived from fishery resources. Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal, and micro-organism communities and the associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit. Effort Amount of fishing taking place, usually described in terms of gear type and frequency or period during which the gear is in use; for example, 'hook-sets', 'trawl-hours', 'searching hours'. Effective fishing effort Measures of fishing effort (such as hooks per day of fishing) that have been standardised so that the measure is proportional to the fishing mortality rate that the gear(s) impose on the stock of fish. Management measures to limit effective effort imply that the fishing mortality rate is to be limited. Fecundity Number of eggs an animal produces each reproductive cycle; the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population. Fish An aquatic animal other than an aquatic bird, an aquatic mammal, a reptile or an amphibian. Fishery A term used to describe the collective enterprise of taking fish. A fishery is usually defined by its purpose (commercial, recreational or Aboriginal), a combination of the species caught (one or several), the gear and/or fishing methods used, and the area of operation.

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Fishery dependent data Information collected about a fishery or fish stock by the participants of a fishery, eg. catch and effort information from fishery log sheets. Fishery independent data Information collected about a fishery or fish stock by researchers, independent of the fishery, eg. scientific surveys, observer reports. Fishing capacity The amount of fishing effort that a fishing boat, or a fleet of fishing boats, could exert if utilised to its/their full potential. Fishing mortality The instantaneous rate of fish deaths due to fishing a designated component of the fish stock. F reference points may be applied to entire stocks or segments of stocks and should match the scale of management unit. Instantaneous fishing mortality rates of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 are equivalent to 10 per cent, 18 per cent and 39 per cent, respectively, of deaths of a stock due to fishing. See also Mortality. Fully exploited This describes a fish stock for which current catches and fishing pressure are close to optimum (the definition of which may vary between fisheries; for example, catches are close to maximum sustainable yield). Categorising a species as 'fully fished' suggests that increasing fishing pressure or catches above optimum (allowing for annual variability) may lead to overfishing. Gear restriction A type of input control used as a management tool to restrict the amount and/or type of fishing gear that can be used by fishers in a particular fishery. Gross Operating Surplus (GOS) is defined as Total Boat Income less Total Boat Cash Costs and is expressed in current dollar terms. GOS may be used interchangeably with the term Gross Boat Profit. A GOS value of zero represents a breakeven position for the business, where Total Boat Cash Costs equals Total Boat Income. If GOS is a negative value the firm is operating at a cash loss and if positive the firm is making a cash profit. GOS does not include a value for owner/operator wages, unpaid family work, or depreciation. Gross value of production (GVP) Value of the total annual catch for individual fisheries, fishing sectors or the fishing industry as a whole, and is measured in dollar terms. GVP, generally reported on an annual basis, is the quantity of catch for the year multiplied by the average monthly landed beach prices. Growth overfishing A level of fishing pressure beyond that required to maximise the yield (or value) per recruit; a level of fishing where young recruits entering the fishery are caught before they reach an optimum marketable size. Habitat The place or type of site in which an organism naturally occurs. Harvest The total number or weight of fish caught and kept from an area over a period of time. Indicator species A species whose presence or absence is indicative of a particular habitat, community or set of environmental conditions. Individually transferable quota A management tool by which portions of the total allowable catch are allocated among licence holders (individual fishers or companies) as units of quota. Quota entitlements can be made to be temporarily or permanently transferable between these licence holders.

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Input controls Limitations on the amount of fishing effort; restrictions on the number, type, and size of fishing vessels or fishing gear, or on the fishing areas or fishing times in a fishery. Latent effort The potential for effective effort within a fishery to increase over time (i.e. inactive fishing licences that may be used in the future). Length Frequency An arrangement of recorded lengths of a species of fish, which indicates the number of times each length or length interval occurs in a population or sample. Limit reference point: Defines the values of a performance indicator for a fish stock or fisheries management unit that are not considered acceptable. Limited entry Fishing effort is controlled by restricting the number of operators. It usually requires controlling the number of licences in a fishery. It can also include restrictions on the number and size of vessels, the transfer of fishing rights, and the replacement of vessels Logbook An official record (statutory declaration) of catch and effort data made by commercial fishers. Marine park In South Australia, marine parks are a type of marine protected area proclaimed under the Marine Parks Act 2007 with the primary aim of protecting and conserving marine biodiversity. South Australia’s marine parks are zoned and managed for multiple use to protect and conserve marine biodiversity while providing for the ecologically sustainable use of suitable areas. Minimum mesh size The smallest size of mesh permitted in nets and traps; imposed on the basis that smaller individuals will escape unharmed. Mortality Rate of deaths (usually in terms of proportion of the stock dying annually) from various causes. Comprises (i) Natural Mortality - deaths in a fish stock caused by predation, pollution, senility, etc., but not fishing and (ii) Fishing Mortality - deaths in a fish stock caused by fishing. Nominal fishing effort ‘Nominal’ means quantities as they are reported, before any analyses or transformations. Nominal effort refers to measures of fishing effort or vessel carrying capacity that have not been standardised. Non-target species Any part of the catch, except the target species, and including by-catch and by-product. Non-retained species Species that are taken as part of the catch but are subsequently discarded, usually because they have low market value or because regulations preclude them being retained. Offshore Constitutional Settlement (OCS) An agreement between the State(s) and the Commonwealth whereby the State or the Commonwealth (or in some cases a Joint Authority) is given jurisdiction for a particular fishery occurring in both coastal waters and the Australian Fishing Zone. When no OCS agreement has been reached, the fishery remains under the jurisdiction of the State out to 3 nm, and the Commonwealth from 3 to 200 nm.

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Output controls Limitations on the weight of the catch (quota), or the allowable size, sex or reproductive condition of individuals in the catch. Over-exploited or overfished A fish stock in which the amount of fishing is excessive or for which the catch depletes the biomass too much; or a stock that still reflects the effects of previous excessive fishing. Owner-operator and Unpaid Family Labour In many fishing businesses there is a component of labour that does not draw a direct wage or salary from the business. This will generally include owner/operator labour and often also include some unpaid family labour. The value of this labour needs to be accounted which involves imputing a labour cost based on the amount of time and equivalent wages rate. In the above calculations this labour cost can be included simply as another cost so that Gross Operating Surplus takes account of this cost. Alternatively, it can be deducted from GOS to give a separate indicator called Boat Cash Income. Owner-operator and unpaid family labour is separated into variable labour (fishing and repairs and maintenance) and overhead labour (management and administration). Parameter A ‘constant’ or numerical description of some property of a population. Parental stock The weight of the adult population of a species. Population A group of individuals of the same species, forming a breeding unit and sharing a habitat. Possession limit A possession limit under the Fisheries Management Act 2007 is a prescribed number of fish for a species that represents what is considered a commercial quantity of that species. If a person has the prescribed amount of fish in their possession, then the onus of proof is reversed in any prosecution relating to taking those fish illegally. Precautionary principle Approach to fisheries management where the lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measure to conserve target species, associated or dependent species and non-target species and their environment. Profit at Full Equity Calculated as Boat Business Profit plus rent, interest and lease payments. Profit at Full Equity represents the profitability of an individual licence holder, assuming the licence holder has full equity in the operation, i.e. there is no outstanding associated with the investment in boat capital. Profit at Full Equity is a useful absolute measure of the economic performance of fishing firms. Quota A limit on the weight or number of fish that may be caught of a particular stock or from specified waters. Quota entitlement The proportion of a quota that is allocated to a particular licence, which limits the total amount of a species that is permitted to be taken pursuant to that licence. Rate of Return to Capital Calculated as Profit at Full Equity divided by Boat Capital multiplied by 100. This measure is expressed in percentage terms and is calculated for an individual licence holder. It refers to the economic return to the total investment in capital items, and is a useful relative measure of the performance of individual firms. Rate of return to capital is useful to compare the performance of various licence holders, and to compare the performance of other types of operators, and with other industries.

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Recreational fishing Fishing other than commercial fishing or Aboriginal traditional fishing, where the catch is released or used for personal consumption or taken for sport. Recruitment The addition of new individuals to a stock. Recruitment overfished The point at which a stock is considered to be recruitment overfished is the point at which the spawning stock biomass has been reduced through catch, so that average recruitment levels are significantly reduced. Relative abundance An index of fish population abundance used to compare fish populations from year to year. This does not measure the actual numbers of fish, but shows changes in the population over time. Retained species The species within the catch that are not discarded. Sample A proportion or a segment of a fish stock which is removed for study, and is assumed to be representative of the whole. The greater the effort, in terms of both numbers and magnitude of the samples, the greater the confidence that the information obtained is a true reflection of the status of a stock (level of abundance in terms of numbers or weight, age composition, etc.). Seasonal closure The closure of a fishing ground for a defined period of time, usually used to protect a stock during a spawning season. Selectivity The ability of a type of gear to target and catch a certain size or species of fish. Socio-economic Relating to both social and economic considerations. Spatial Of or relating to space. Species A group of organisms capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species. Size limits A minimum or maximum size limit determines the legal size at which a given species can be retained. Size of maturity Length or weight of the fish when it attains reproductive maturity. Slot size limit Refers to a situation where both a minimum and maximum size limit has been determined for a given species. Stakeholder An individual or a group with an interest in the conservation, management and use of a resource. Stock A group of individuals of a species occupying a well-defined spatial range independent of other groups of the same species, which can be regarded as an entity for management or assessment purposes. Stock assessment An assessment that produces information on the biological status of a stock. Target reference point: Defines the values of a performance indicator for a fish stock or fisheries management unit that are desirable or ideal and at which management should aim.

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Target species The most highly sought component of the catch taken by fishers. Target effort Effort that is directed at a particular species. Total Boat Cash Costs (TBCC) Defined as Total Boat Variable Costs plus Total Boat Fixed Costs. Total Boat Fixed Costs Costs that remain fixed regardless of the level of catch or the amount of time spent fishing. As such these costs, measured in current dollar terms, are likely to remain relatively constant from one year to the next. Examples of fixed cost include:

• insurance

• licence and industry fees

• office & business administration (communication, stationery, accountancy fees)

• interest on loan repayments and overdraft

• leasing

Total Boat Income (TBI) Term refers to the cash receipts received by an individual firm and is expressed in dollar terms. Total boat income is calculated as catch (kg) multiplied by ‘beach price’ ($/kg). Total boat income is the contribution of an individual licence holder to the GVP of a fishing sector or fishery. Total Boat Variable Costs Costs which are dependent upon the level of catch or, more commonly, the amount of time spent fishing. As catch or fishing time increases, variable costs also increase. Variable costs are measured in current dollar terms and include the following individual cost items: • fuel, oil and grease for the boat (net of diesel fuel rebate)

• bait

• ice

• provisions

• crew payments

• fishing equipment, purchase and repairs (nets, pots, lines, etc)

• repairs & maintenance: ongoing (slipping, painting, overhaul motor)

Traditional fishing Fishing for the purposes of satisfying personal, domestic or non-commercial communal needs, including ceremonial, spiritual and educational needs and utilising fish and other natural marine and freshwater products according to relevant indigenous custom. Temporal Of or relating to time. Threatened A species or community that is vulnerable, endangered or presumed extinct. Total allowable catch (TAC) For a fishery, a catch limit set as an output control on fishing. The total amount of a species that may be taken during a specified time period. Total allowable commercial catch (TACC) For a fishery, a catch limit set as an output control on fishing. Where resource-sharing arrangements are in place between commercial and recreational fishers, the term total allowable commercial catch (TACC) applies. The term 'global' is applied to TACs that cover fishing mortality from all fleets, including Commonwealth, state and territory fleets.

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Trigger reference point Defines the values of a performance indicator for a fish stock or fisheries management unit at which a change in management is considered or adopted. Undefined stock Insufficient information exists to determine stock status. Under-exploited or underfished A fish stock that has potential to sustain catches higher than those currently taken. Vulnerable species Under endangered species protection legislation, a species that within 25 years will become endangered unless mitigating action is taken. Yield Total weight of fish harvested from a fishery. Yield per recruit Analysis of how growth and natural mortality interact to determine the best size of animals for harvest.

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18 REFERENCES AFMA (n.d.a) retrieved from http://www.afma.gov.au/portfolio-item/bight-redfish/ Bryars, S. (2003). An Inventory of Important Coastal Fisheries Habitats in South Australia: Fisheries habitat Program, Department of Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA), Adelaide. Econsearch (2017) Economic indicators for the SA Charter Boat Fishery 2015/16. A report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture. 58 pp. Fletcher, W.J., Chesson, J., Fisher M., Sainsbury, K.J., Hundloe, T., Smith, A.D.M. and B. Whitworth (2002) National ESD Reporting Framework for Australian Fisheries: The ‘How To’ Guide for Wild Capture Fisheries. FRDC Project 2000/145, Canberra, Australia. Fowler, AJ (2008). The Population biology of snapper (Pagrus auratus) in Gulf St Vincent. Natural history of Gulf St Vincent: 385-98. Fowler, AJ and Jones, GK (2008). The Population biology of King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata) in Gulf St Vincent. Natural history of Gulf St Vincent: 399-414. Fowler, AJ, McGarvey, R & Feenstra, JE (2008). King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata) Fishery. Fishery Assessment Report to PIRSA. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No F2007/000843-2. SARDI Research Report Series Number 296. August 2008. Fowler, AJ, McGarvey, R, Burch, P, Feenstra, JE & Jackson WB (2010). Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) Fishery. Fishery Assessment Report to PIRSA. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No F2007/000523-2 SARDI Research Report Series N0.473\ Giri K and Hall K (2015) South Australian Recreational Fishing Survey. Fisheries Victoria Internal Report Series No. 62. Kailola, P.J., Williams, J.M., Stewart, C.P., Reichelt, E.R., McNee, A. and Grieve, C. (1993). Australian Fisheries Resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Department of Primary Industries and Energy, and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Canberra, Australia. Imprint Limited, Brisbane. Knight. M (2010a). The South Australian Recreational Charter Boat Fishery Report 2009. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 46p. SARDI Publication No. F2007/000847-2. Knight. M (2010b). Data Summary of the South Australian Recreational Charter Boat Fishery September 2010. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 11p. Knight, M.A. Doonan, A.M. & Tsolos, A. (2007). The South Australian Recreational Charter Boat Fishery. SARDI Research Report Series 239 Publication number F2007/000847-1. South Australian Research and Development Institute.

http://www.afma.gov.au/portfolio-item/bight-redfish/

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Knight, M. and Tsolos, A. (2009). South Australian Wild Fisheries Information and Statistics Repot. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, F2008/000804-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.305. 72p. Neville, P. (2008). Co-management: Managing Australia’s fisheries through partnership and delegation. Report of the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation’s national working group on the fisheries co-management initiative — Project no. 2006/068. PIRSA (2011). Allocation Policy- Allocation of Access to Fisheries Resources between Fishing Sectors, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia, 39p, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. PIRSA (2015) South Australian Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. PIRSA (2017). Management Plan for Recreational Fishing in South Australia. Paper number 73, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. Rogers, P. J., Tsolos, A., Boyle, M.K. and Steer, M. (2017). South Australian Charter Boat Fishery Data Summary. Final Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000437-2. SARDI Research Report Series No. 967. 17pp. Sloan, S. R., Smith, A.D.M., Gardner, C., Crosthwaite, K., Triantafillos, L., Jeffries, B. and Kimber, N (2014) National Guidelines to Develop Fishery Harvest Strategies. FRDC Report – Project 2010/061. Primary Industries and Regions, South Australia, Adelaide, March. CC BY 3.0 Steer, M.A., Fowler, A.J., McGarvey, R., Feenstra, J., Westlake, E.L., Matthews, D., Drew, M., Rogers, P.J. and Earl, J. (2018). Assessment of the South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery in 2016. Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2017/000427-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 974. 250pp. Ward, T.M., L.J. McLeay, W.F. Dimmlich, P.J. Rogers, S. McClatchie, R. Matthews, J. Kämpf & P.D. van Ruth (2006). Pelagic ecology of a northern boundary current system: effects of upwelling on the production and distribution of sardine (S. sagax), anchovy (E. australis) and southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in the Great Australian Bight. Fisheries Oceanography. 15(3):191-207.

management plan for the south australian charter boat fishery...a charter boat fishing trip may vary...

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