management of tomato diseases in high tunnels · management of tomato diseases in high tunnels...
TRANSCRIPT
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Management of tomato diseases in high tunnels
Daniel S. Egel, extension plant pathologist
SW Purdue Ag Center, Vincennes
812-886-0198 [email protected]
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Botrytis gray mold
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Botrytis gray mold
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Botrytis gray mold
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white mold/timber rot
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white mold/timber rot S. Koike
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June 3
white mold/timber rot
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July 1
white mold/timber rot
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white mold
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leaf mold
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leaf mold
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Badge X2
Dithane F45
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Use and Calibration of a Backpack Sprayer
Dan Egel
SW Purdue Ag Center
812-886-0198
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Label information is well adapted to tractor pulled sprayers
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Dithane M-45 tomato rate
3 lbs/A
20 acre field
20 acres X 3 lbs/A = 60 lbs Dithane M45
How much water?
20 gallons per acre
20 acre field
20 gallons/A X 20 acre field = 400 gallons of water
Add 60 lbs of Dithane M45 in 40 gallons of water
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What about small acreages?
• What type of equipment to use?
• Calibration
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Equipment
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“Garden” sprayers-advantages:
• Cheap
• Easy to find
• Easy to use
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Disadvantages
• Nozzle volume output is variable-spray or stream
• Spray volume varies with pressure/time
• Wand arrangement makes calibration difficult
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.cdn.cnn.com
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Backpack sprayer-$80
4-gallon tank
3-nozzle boom-$25
PumpGauge
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Flat fan nozzle-
• Designed for pesticides
• Constant output
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Pressure gauge
allows one to keep
pressure the
constant.
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Calibration
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3 foot
100
foot5 rows
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Example area calibration
5 rows x 100 ft. = 500 linear ft. x 3 feet wide = 1500 sq. ft.
1500 sq. ft./43560 sq. ft./acre = 0.03 acres treated.
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How much product is needed
Dithane F45 is labeled for tomatoes-silent on greenhouses
2.4 quarts (32 fl. oz/qt.) per acre x 0.03 acres treated =
0.07 quarts or 2.24 fl. oz.
2.24 fl. oz. in how much water?
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Estimate water needed
Total area to be treated =1500 sq. ft.
To estimate how much water we need, we measure-
• 50 ft (150 sq. ft.) = 1/10 area to be treated.
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Measure the area to be calibrated.
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Fill sprayer with known amount of water-128 fl. oz.
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Spray water on calibration area.
Pump regularly
Pressure
gauge
Good volume
Constant pace
Spray both
sides
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Measure water left over from calibration spray.
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1-Measure area for calibration 2-Add known amount
of water to sprayer
3-Spray out water. 4-Determine how
much water sprayed
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In our example, we had 96 fl. oz. left.
128 fl. oz. – 96 fl oz. = 32 fl. oz.
32 fl. oz. x 10 (to equal total area
to be treated= 320 fl. oz.
We mix 2.24 fl. oz. of Dithane F45
in 320 fl. oz. water
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Application/calibration tips
1.The person doing the spraying does the calibration
2. If the person or equipment changes, new calibration
3.Foliage should be thoroughly wet, not dripping.
4.Keep speed constant
a. Metronome
b. Music
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Penncozeb tomato rate
2 lbs/A X 0.03 acres treated = 0.06 lbs
How to calculate rate for dry
flowable?
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How to measure 0.06 lbs?
1 lb = 16 oz
0.06 lb X 16 oz = 0.96 oz
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1 liquid oz.
22 grams
Weight of dry oz.=28.3 grams
Use of liquid measurement for dry oz. underestimates Penncozeb by 20%
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$14 kitchen scale
allows
measurements
of small weights
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Getty images
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Botrytis gray mold
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Name these tomato problems!
•Late blight
•Blossom end rot
•Anthracnose
Blossom end rot Late blight Anthracnose
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Blossom end rot
•Calcium deficiency
Late blight
•Doesn’t overwinter
in the Midwest
Anthracnose
•Survives on
crop residue
Proper diagnosis is critical.
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Botrytis gray mold