management of insect pests of vegetable crops in … · insect pests of vegetable crops •...
TRANSCRIPT
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MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS IN SOUTH
FLORIDA
D. R. Seal, R. Khan and C.M. SabinesTropical Research and Education CenterUniversity of FL-IFASHomestead, FL 33031Phone: 305-986-8926Email:[email protected]
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Agriculture in Florida--Florida has 47,500 commercial farms, using a total of 9.25 million acres.--Florida ranks second in the value of vegetable production.--Florida ranks first nationally in snap bean production.--Snap bean is a leading crop in Florida which is next to tomatoes, peppers, strawberries and sweet corn.--Florida snap bean growers contribute $135 million to national economy (29% of US value).
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Agriculture in Miami-DadeVegetable production
Total acres
Total sale(million)
Total farms
Vegetables 33,451 $128 >120
Nursery 13,000 $659 1500
Tropical fruit
10,300 $38 1443
Aquaculture Low 4.5 27
Livestock 6000
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Nation's “Salad Bowl” and “Winter Bread Basket. ...
Vegetable crops
% of state’s production
Sweetpotatoes
99
Squash 64Beans 57Okra 75Taro 99TomatoPepper
SquashDRS
BeanDRSDRS
DRS
Sweet potatoDRS
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Soil type and land preparation-Rockdale soil: very gravelly loam soil (Krome or Chekika series)-Perrine marl soil: 2-72 inches deep, rich in humus-Mixed soil: combination of Rockdale and Perrine marl soil
85% of agricultural area is underlain by Rockdale soilBoth soils must be irrigated and require frequent application of fertilizer
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Land preparation
Beans are generally planted on flat ground.
Sometimes planted on raised beds as a second crop after harvesting the primary crop.
Land preparation should be thorough with repeated turning of soil
Soil bone pest-insects, fungus, weeds,nematodes,
Raised bed with plastic mulchDRS
Beans on flat groundDRS
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FertilizerTime N-P-K Amount
(lb.)Method of application
Preplant 6-12-12 or6-3-12
1200 Broadcast/Band
Post plant
4-0-8 Sidedressafter 3, 4 and 5 wks
More P is needed for the winter crop; more K is needed for the spring crop.
Foliar application of magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate or iron sulfate should be used if deficiency symptoms appear.
Use plant tissue analysis to determine the composition and rates of fertilizer to apply
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Irrigation• Drip irrigation: If planted as a second crop on a
raised bed
• Center pivot / Central pivot / waterwheel• and circle irrigation:
• Big Gun irrigation
• Sprinkler irrigation
Drip irrigationDRS
Sprinkler irrigationDRS
Big gun irrigationDRS
Center pivot irrigationDRS
Well-holeDRS
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Insect pests of vegetable crops
• Wireworm White grubs• Cutworms Bean seed fly• Rootworms
• Corn silk fly European corn borer Mites• Fall armyworm Sap beetle Corn leaf aphid• Corn earworm Cucumber beetle
Foliar insect pests
Soil insect pests
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Delia platura (bean seed fly
Southern corn rootworm White grub (Credit: J.L. Capinera)Wireworm
Cutworm Flea beetle
Soil insect pests
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Factors enhancing soil insectsa. Weedy fields and weed residue from previous cropsb. Fields with high organic soilc. Fields with chronic history of soil insectsd. No tillage situation increases soil insects
Cultural control methods for reducing soil insectsRotate fieldsRotate cropsDisc fields repeatedly to expose soil insects to sun light, air and predators.Avoid fields with previous history of soil insect problemsMake sure that soil is well drained.
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Foliage pests of vegetable crops• Direct damage by foliage
feedingIndirect damage
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Insect pests of tomato
• Whitefly• Thrips• Leafminer• Cucumber beetle• Mites• Beet armyworm• Fruit worm
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Thrips in tomato fields
Melon thrips Common blossom thrips Western flower thrips
Florida flower thripsChilli thrips Onion thrips
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Insect pests of beanPests (names) Images Damage Hosts
Leafminer Vegetable,ornamental and fruit crops
Silverleaf whitefly Vegetable,ornamental and fruit crops
Melon thrips Mostly vegetablecrops
Common blossom thrips
Tomato, pepper, cucurbits
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Insect pests of Cucurbits
Leafminer Melonworm
Aphid Cucumber beetleBroad mite
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Insect pests of pepperPepper weevil
Melon thrips
Broad mite
Beet armyworm
Leafminer
Green peach aphid
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Insect pests of corn
Corn silk fly Fall armyworm Corn earworm European corn borer
Sap beetle Cucumber beetleCorn leaf aphid Spider mite
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CORN SILK FLY (Picture wing fly)
Euxesta annonaeCredit Gaurav Goyal
E. ElutaCredit: Gaurav Goyal
Chaetopsis massylaCredit: Gaurav Goyal
Euxesta stigmatis
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MANAGEMENT OF CORN SILK FLY DAMAGE USING CORAGEN ONCE AT
PLANTING AS A SOIL DRENCH
0
2
4
6
8
Leng
th o
f silk
in in
ch
Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with
four replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil
drench at plantingSampling method: 10 plants/plot were checked
for FAW infestation.
Treatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0
Chart1
Coragen 5.0
Coragen 7.0
Avaunt 5.0
Control
Length (inch)
Length of silk in inch
6.5
8.5
6.5
6.2
Sheet1
TreatmentsLength (inch)
Coragen 5.06.5
Coragen 7.08.5
Avaunt 5.06.5
Control6.2
Sheet2
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Insect pests of Okra
Leafminer Beet armyworm
Aphid Cucumber beetleBroad mite
Silverleaf WhiteflyMelon thrips
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Insect pests of Sweet potato
LeafminerSweetpotato weevil
Aphid Cucumber beetleBroad mite
Silverleaf WhiteflyMelon thrips
Soil insect pests
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CONVENTIONAL CONTROLHeavy reliance on Insecticide
Dev. of Resistance Elimination of Nat. Enem.
Resurgence ofTarget pest
Appearance of secondarypests
Multiple pest problems
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IPMAvoid reliance on insecticide
ChemicalBiological
Physical Mechanical
NaturalCultural
No resurgenceNo secondary pestSafe to environment
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Integrated Pest ManagementAvoid reliance on insecticide
Chemical
Biological
Physical Mechanical
NaturalCultural
No resurgenceNo secondary pest
Safe to environment
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Factors enhancing soil insectsa. Weedy fields and weed residue from previous cropsb. Fields with high organic soilc. Fields with chronic history of soil insectsd. No tillage situation increases soil insects
Cultural control methods for reducing soil insectsRotate fieldsRotate cropsDisc fields repeatedly to expose soil insects to sun light, air and predators.Avoid fields with previous history of soil insect problemsMake sure that soil is well drained.
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Biological control of corn silk fly
• Milk weed bug• Minute pirate bug• Rove beetle larva• Common green lacewing
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Zelus longipes feeding on Euxesta stigmatias in sweet corn field
Zelus longipes eggs First instars hatching out of eggsAdult male feeding on corn silk fly adult First instar feeding on corn silk fly larvae
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Adult O. insidiosus feeding on a third instar larva of Euxesta stigmatias
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Staphylinid larva feeding on Euxesta stigmatias eggs
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Larva of Chrysoperla carnea feeding on an adult Euxesta eluta fly
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Effect of insecticides on corn silk fly adult reduction
0
1
2
3
4
Asana Warrior Baythroid Control
No. C
SF A
dults
Treatments
1-May 8-May 11-May 15-May 18-May
Treatments Rate [oz]/acre
Asana 8.0
Warrior 3.2
Baythroid 2.1
Control
Sweet corn was planed on 8 March 2013. Insecticides were applied on 5, 8, 11, 15 and 18 March. Sampling for evaluation was conducted 4-6 h after each application by thoroughly checking each of randomly selected five plants in each treatment plot.
Chart1
AsanaAsanaAsanaAsanaAsana
WarriorWarriorWarriorWarriorWarrior
BaythroidBaythroidBaythroidBaythroidBaythroid
ControlControlControlControlControl
1-May
8-May
11-May
15-May
18-May
Treatments
No. CSF Adults
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.65
0.6
0.45
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.65
0.4
0.75
0.5
2.4
2.55
1.95
3.2
2.75
Sheet1
1-May8-May11-May15-May18-May
Asana0.70.40.40.80.6
Warrior0.650.60.451.10.6
Baythroid0.450.650.40.750.5
Control2.42.551.953.22.75
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Mean number of sweet corn plants infested with FAW
0 0
3.5 3.2
0 0 0
5.5
0 0 0.5
6.5
0 01.1
8.5
02468
10
Coragen 5 Coragen 7 Avaunt 5 Control
Mea
n no
. inf
este
s pl
ants
Treatments
21 DAP 28 DAP 35 DAP 42 DAPTreatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0
Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with four
replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil drench at
plantingSampling method: 10 plants/plot were checked for FAW
infestation.
Chart1
Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5
Coragen 7Coragen 7Coragen 7Coragen 7
Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5
ControlControlControlControl
21 DAP
28 DAP
35 DAP
42 DAP
Treatments
Mean no. infestes plants
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.5
0
0.5
1.1
3.2
5.5
6.5
8.5
Sheet1
21 DAP28 DAP35 DAP42 DAP
Coragen 50000
Coragen 70000
Avaunt 53.500.51.1
Control3.25.56.58.5
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Mean rating of sweet corn plants infested with cucumger beetle
0 0 0
3
0 0 0
3.5
0 00.5
3.5
0 0
1.1
3.5
0
1
2
3
4
Coragen 5 Coragen 7 Avaunt 5 ControlMea
n ra
ting
of C
B d
amag
e
Treatments
21 DAP 28 DAP 35 DAP 42 DAPTreatments Rate [oz]/ACoragen SC 5.0Coragen SC 7.0Avaunt 5.0Control 0
Date of planting: 2Feb 2013Plot size: 30 feet long two rowsBlock design: Randomized complete block with four
replicationsApplication method: Applied once as a soil drench at
plantingSampling method: All plants in a plot were vusually
rated on a scale 0 – 5, where 0=no damage
Chart1
Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5Coragen 5
Coragen 7Coragen 7Coragen 7Coragen 7
Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5Avaunt 5
ControlControlControlControl
21 DAP
28 DAP
35 DAP
42 DAP
Treatments
Mean rating of CB damage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
1.1
3
3.5
3.5
3.5
Sheet1
21 DAP28 DAP35 DAP42 DAP
Coragen 50000
Coragen 70000
Avaunt 5000.51.1
Control33.53.53.5
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Some images and data information on various crops and insects on this presentation were collected from online
sources
The author respectfully acknowledge the contribution of those sources
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MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS IN SOUTH FLORIDAAgriculture in FloridaAgriculture in Miami-DadeNation's “Salad Bowl” and “Winter Bread Basket. ...Soil type and land preparationLand preparationFertilizerIrrigationInsect pests of vegetable cropsSlide Number 10Factors enhancing soil insectsFoliage pests of vegetable cropsInsect pests of tomatoSlide Number 14Insect pests of beanInsect pests of CucurbitsSlide Number 17Insect pests of cornCORN SILK FLY (Picture wing fly)Slide Number 20Insect pests of OkraInsect pests of Sweet potatoCONVENTIONAL CONTROLIPMIntegrated Pest ManagementFactors enhancing soil insectsBiological control of corn silk fly Zelus longipes feeding on Euxesta stigmatias in sweet corn fieldAdult O. insidiosus feeding on a third instar larva of Euxesta stigmatiasStaphylinid larva feeding on Euxesta stigmatias eggsLarva of Chrysoperla carnea feeding on an adult Euxesta eluta flyEffect of insecticides on corn silk fly adult reductionMean number of sweet corn plants infested with FAWMean rating of sweet corn plants infested with cucumger beetleSlide Number 35Slide Number 36