management of buffelgrass and kleberg bluestem
DESCRIPTION
By GrahmannTRANSCRIPT
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Management and Control of Buffelgrass and Kleberg
Bluestem
Eric GrahmannCaesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute
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CoauthorsMike Hehmann – Hixon RanchForrest Smith – TAMUK-CKWRI-STNBlake Martin - TAMUK-CKWRIDr. Tim Fulbright - TAMUK-CKWRIAnna Lund
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IntroductionExotic Grasses
• Widespread in S. TX1
• Forbs less abundant4
• Bareground limiting3
• Insects and grassland birds reduced2
Buffelgrass
Kleberg Bluestem
Exotic Grass Landscape
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Ranch History (1980s – 1990s) War against brushPlant exotic grass
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(1990s) – Fire was discoveredAggressive burning program
• (1-2yr intervals)
Ranch History (1990’s)
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Aggressive Burning Regime
5.
4. 3. 2. 1.
7. 6.
360 ft.
270 ft.
630 ft.
yr 1
yr 4yr 3yr 2
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IntroductionBobwhite densities half2Avoided by scaled quail
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IntroductionControl of exotics and restoration
unsuccessful5Exotic grass research group (2008)
• Shotgun approach
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Methods Pilot study
• 2 sites (Kleberg bluestem and buffelgrass)• 2 blocks/site• 0.6 acre plots
(5 treatments and a control)• Spray Fusillade• Spray Fusillade and Burn Mow Plant forbs
• Disk and plant natives• Flexible timing of treatment
Kleberg Site (Sept. 2009)
Buffelgrass Site (Sept. 2009)
Hixon Ranch
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Sandy Loam (Buffelgrass)
Saline Clay Loam (Kleberg Bluestem)
Ranch Plots
Ranch Plots
Pilot Plots
Pilot Plots
Other Plots
Other Plots
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Kleberg Bluestem - Pretreatment
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Kleberg Bluestem
Pretreatment (Sept. 2009)
Spray Fusillade (April 2012)
Control(April 2012)
Mow/Spray Fusillade (April 2012)
Burn/Spray Fusillade(Mar. 2012)
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Plant Forbs/Spray Fusillade (April 2012)
Pretreatment (Sept. 2009)
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Buffelgrass - Pretreatment
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BuffelgrassPretreatment (Sept. 2009)
Mow/Spray Fusillade (April 2012) Spray Fusillade (April 2012)Control(April 2012)
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Plant Forbs/Spray Fusillade (April 2012)
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MethodsRanch study (Not Replicated)
• 1 site (buffelgrass)• 10 acre plots
(4 treatments and a control)• Plow and Disk Disk / plant natives
• Spray Roundup and Plant natives
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Repeat Roundup Application32 oz/acre: Burned / Sprayed 3 Times
Before: July. 2008
September 2009
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Before: July. 2008
April 2010
Repeat Roundup Application
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Repeat Roundup Application
October 2010
Before: July. 2008
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Mowboard Plow and Repeat Disking
September 2009
Burned, Plowed, and Disked Twice
Before: July. 2008
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Burned, Plowed, and Disked Twice
October 2010
Plow and Repeat Disking
Before: July. 2008
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Repeat Roundup – Drill Natives
May 2010
Before: July. 2008
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Repeat Glyphosate – Drill Natives
October 2010
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Wildlife
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ConclusionsManage exoticsFusillade not effectiveBuffelgrass multiple times roundupSoil disturbance exacerbates invasionBut, disturbance needed in monoculturesRestoration requires
• Preparation• Treatment flexibility• Follow up
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ContributorsHixon Ranch and FamilySouth Texas Natives ProgramRene BarrientosNRCS - E. “Kika” de la Garza Plant
Materials Center Native Plant Society of TexasHarvey Weil Sportsman FoundationArthur Seeligson Conservation FundRyan PetersMeagan Lesak
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Questions ?
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Sources1. Cox, J. R., M. H. Martin-R, F. A. Ibarra-F, J. H. Fourie, N. F. G. Rethman, and D. G. Wilcox. 1988. The
influence of climate and soils on the distribution of four African grasses. Journal of Range Management 41:127-139.
2. Flanders, A. A., W. P. Kuvlesky, D. C. Ruthven, R. E. Zaiglin, R. L. Bingham, T.E. Fulbright, F. Hernandez, and L. A. Brennan. 2006. Effects of invasive exotic grasses on south Texas rangeland breeding birds. The Auk 123:171-182.3. Sands, J. P. 2007. Impacts of invasive exotic grasses on northern bobwhite habitat use in south
Texas. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University-Kingville, Kingsville, Texas, USA.4. Sands, J. P., L. A. Brennan, F. Hernandez, W. P. Kuvlesky, Jr., J. F. Gallagher, D. C. Ruthven, III, and J. E. Pittman, III. 2009. Impacts of buffelgrass (Pennisetum cilare) on a forb community in south Texas. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 2:130-1405. Tjelmeland, A. D., T. E. Fulbright, and J. Lloyd-Reilley. 2008. Evaluation of Herbicides for restoring native grasses in buffelgrass-dominated grasslands. Restoration Ecology 16: 263-269.