management of assets and risks

�� !"=2001 WSD ANNUAL REPORT

�� !"#$=Management of Assets and Risks

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Management of Assets and RisksIn line with our commitment to provide high quality,

reliable and uninterrupted water supply to our customers,

we have been placing great emphasis on managing our

assets and any risks to our service delivery.

Our assets and infrastructure are made up of two main

categories - underground and surface. Underground

assets comprise water mains, pipework and cables, while

surface assets include the reservoirs, water treatment

works, pumping stations and buildings.

During the year, good progress was made in the work

on asset management and on minimising risks to the

water supply.

Underground Asset Management PlanTo achieve the pledged high levels of services at the

lowest cost while satisfying corporate goals and

statutory obligations, we continue to monitor closely

the condition and performance of the underground

assets to upkeep the Underground Asset Management

Plan and to identify further improvements needed by

the water reticulation system.

A Digital Mapping System has been set up to maintain

and update the asset records. With the digital data, a

computer system is being set up for commissioning by

early 2002 to exchange utility information electronically

with some uti l ity companies and government

departments. The speedy transfer of information will

minimise the risk of damage to the underground assets

by excavation work.



78

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Surface Asset Management PlanTo ensure an optimum investment in assets and

infrastructure, a rational methodology to assess the

condition and performance of the surface assets has been

developed. Following this, a study is underway to develop

the Surface Asset Management Plan and to produce a

comprehensive surface asset register by 2004.

Underground Asset ReplacementTo reduce water loss due to mains leakage and the incidents

of mains bursts, we have embarked on a massive

improvement programme to replace or rehabilitate some

3 050 km of water mains in 20 years at an estimated cost

of $10 billion. Work on the replacement or rehabilitation

of the first 350 km of water mains began in December

2000 and is scheduled for completion by 2007. At the

same time, a study is being conducted for similar work on

a further 250 km of mains to take place between 2004

and 2008. Planning is also underway for work to be carried

out on yet another 700 km of mains from 2006 to 2010.

When the underground assets of water supply and

distribution systems are to be rehabilitated/replaced, we

also take the opportunity to examine if the layout of the

assets can be regularised to improve performance or if

the capacities of the assets need to be expanded to cope

with new developments.

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Surface Asset ReplacementBased on the plant economic life and conditions, a

replacement programme for mechanical and electrical

plants has also been drawn up for implementation. The

programme is regularly reviewed by the Energy Management

Committee to accord an appropriate replacement priority.

Replacement or rehabilitation of 32 old pumping stations or

water treatment works is planned. In the year, pumping

plant replacement of Sandy Bay Fresh Water Pumping Station,

Tuen Mun Fresh Water Pumping Station and Tsuen Wan Raw

Water Pumping Station was in progress. Moreover, additional

monitoring and control facilities were installed in the Tuen

Mun and Tai Po Tau Water Treatment Works.

Under the Surface Asset Management Plan, a strategic

and systematic approach will be adopted for replacement

of various surface assets to achieve optimal results.

Asset MaintenanceWe acknowledge that asset maintenance is a key component

of an effective asset management strategy. Effort is

therefore made to maintain the condition and performance

of assets and infrastructure through regular and preventive

maintenance so as to minimise emergency repairs and

unplanned interruption of services to our customers.

M & E PlantFor optimal reliability and availability of mechanical and

electrical plant for the pumping and treatment of water as

well as the control and monitoring of the supply systems,

we implement comprehensive planned preventive

maintenance programmes and make immediate response

to any faults occur.

We also regularly evaluate

plant conditions by condition

monitoring and efficiency tests to

determine the optimal time for

overhaul or replacement. Some

46 000 items of mechanical,

electrical and instrumentation

equipment were maintained or

repaired during the year.

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Impounding and Service ReservoirsSafety inspections carried out on impounding and service

reservoirs increased from 1 120 last year to 1 147 this

year. For efficiency improvement, we will continue to

outsource part of the safety inspections.

WSD SlopesMore than 6 200 slopes are maintained by WSD. Routine

inspections and maintenance work were carried out on these

slopes throughout the year. As from May 2001, the WSD

Slope Management System has been incorporated in the

intranet system for easy access by all staff.

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Mains BurstsTop priority has been given to dealing with mains bursts so

that supply interruptions as well as damage and inconvenience

to the public could be kept to the minimum. Good progress

has been made in streamlining work procedures to shorten

the isolation time and repair time for burst mains. To further

improve the isolation time, we are looking into the use of

portable powered valve actuators to replace the time-

consuming manual operation of isolation valves.

Mains LeakageTo cut down water loss due to mains leakage and avoid

minor leaks from developing into major bursts, we have

implemented proactive leakage management strategy.

During the year, we :

• Extended the pressure management scheme to four

more sites after the successful trial in nine sites.

• Made use of the advanced flow-modulated pressure

reducing valves, which will maintain adequate pressure

according to the demand, for pressure management

of network.

• Carried out continuous monitoring of the water

distribution systems in the district metering areas to

identify any leaks in the areas.

• Conducted a trial use of the Permalog Noise Loggers

at Tseung Kwan O New Town. These loggers can be

attached to the network systems (e.g. on top of the

valve spindles), and will transmit the “leak” or “no leak”

signal to the detection team patrolling the area in

vehicles. If the trial is successful, consideration will be

given to extending the use of these loggers to other

areas to improve efficiency in leak detection.

• Purchased 70 Cello GSM Mobile Loggers for trial use.

These loggers transmit the pressure and flow data

through the GSM network from sites back to the

offices for analysis.

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82

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Polyethylene PipeUpon the successful trial use of the Polyethylene (PE) pipe

of nominal diameter of 150 mm and below, we are phasing

out the use of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride lined

galvanised steel and ductile iron pipes within this size range

for both the fresh and salt water systems. Polyethylene

(PE) pipes have been used since 1998 in the potable water

distribution system under buried condition.

Based on the findings of a recent study, PE pipes complying

with relevant specifications are also adopted in the

underground salt water and flushing water system, except

for special site conditions.

Trenchless TechnologyTo minimise interruptions to the traffic and the public

due to mains rehabilitation, we have been looking into

suitable trenchless technologies which can be used to

rehabilitate the older water mains or to lay new water

mains under the local environment. Pilot site trial on

cured-in-place lining and close-fit pipe has been carried

out and a consultant has been engaged to identify

the appropriate trenchless technology to be used.

�� !"#$%&'()*+,-./0Statistics on Mains Bursts Repaired (By Regions)

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�� ! �� !"# �� !"# �� !"# �� !"# �� !"# Total (No.)Financial Year HK (No.) MSW (No.) MSE (No.) MNW (No.) MNE (No.)

1991/92 342 319 220 140 120 1,141

1992/93 392 373 184 153 100 1,202

1993/94 314 268 162 254 110 1,108

1994/95 242 316 168 150 117 993

1995/96 335 431 198 229 125 1,318

1996/97 359 642 206 257 110 1,574

1997/98 322 526 242 263 120 1,473

1998/99 395 665 380 262 249 1,951

1999/00 565 442 286 275 254 1,822

2000/01 584 500 409 197 243 1,933



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Risk ManagementTo ensure continuity of service to our customers, we are

mindful of the need to protect our assets and infrastructure

and to manage any risks or threats to the integrity of our

water supply system. We also recognise that a contingency

plan for system failures and significant unplanned events

plays a key role in effective risk management.

Crisis Management PlanCrisis Management Plan is being formulated to maintain

a state of preparedness for rapid mobilisation of resources

and coordination of emergency actions to be undertaken

in case of emergencies or crises. Clear responsibility and

detailed procedures as well as predefined responses

are set out to shorten the decision making process if

emergencies or crises concerning water supplies emerge.

Measures for Risk MitigationApart from the formulation of a Crisis Management Plan

to handle emergencies or crises, much effort is made to

reduce risks or threats to the integrity of the supply

systems by adopting the following measures.

• Improving reliability of power supply to critical

installations.

• Improving and expanding SCADA control facilities

and using network modelling to facilitate crisis

management.

• Pre-identifying regional and central incident centres,

incident controllers, and supporting staff to handle

emergencies or crises

• Improving management, training and education of

operational staff

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84

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• Using plastic water containers in addition to water

wagons for provision of temporary water supply

• Replacing and rehabilitating old watermains

• Examining and improving reliability of key valves in

the supply system

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SCADA Control CentreAt present, each of the five operational Regions has its

own regional SCADA control centre. To enable the

management to monitor and oversee the operations of

the water supply facilities during emergency, a centralised

monitoring and control centre has been set up at the

Sha Tin Water Treatment Works in May 2001 to remotely

monitor and control the raw water, fresh water and sea

water supply networks in all five Regions.

Back-up Control CentreThe centralised system mentioned above is also repeated

on a smaller scale at the Customer Telephone Enquiry Centre

for backup purposes. Apart from crisis management, this

control centre also allows the Customer Relations staff to

access remotely to the current or historical water supply

information in the five Regions such that they have more

information for handling customer enquiries.



�� !"#$%&'()*Fresh Water Tests Conducted Per Financial Year 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01

�� !"#$%&'No. of Minimum Night Flow Tests 471 453 411 396 410 443 495 487

�� !"#$%No. of Step Tests (or Leakage Tests) 55 55 72 69 72 77 46 43

�� !"#$%No. of Day Flow Tests 44 45 65 88 100 124 200 217

�� !"#No. of Sounding & Visual Inspections 1,366 1,502 1,975 3,423 3,545 4,169 4,045 4,438

�� !"#$��Total No. of Tests & Inspections 1,936 2,055 2,523 3,976 4,127 4,813 4,786 5,185

�� !"#$%&'No. of Leaks Detected 1,148 1,847 1,910 2,829 3,287 4,868 5,353 5,714

�� !"�� !"#$%&'Estimated Quantity of Water Saved (cu.m/day) 144,206 184,278 193,826 209,820 203,998 249,615 254,623 290,940

�� !"#$%&'()*Sea Water Tests Conducted Per Financial Year

�� !"#$%&'No. of Minimum Night Flow Tests 19 9 6 19 23 3 6 5

�� !"#$%No. of Step Tests (or Leakage Tests) 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 1

�� !"#$%No. of Day Flow Tests 0 0 3 4 11 10 20 23

�� !"#No. of Sounding & Visual Inspections 186 170 208 177 211 171 284 312

�� !"#$%&qçí~ä=kçK=çÑ=qÉëíë=C=fåëéÉÅíáçåë OMT NUO ONT OMN OQS NUQ PNM 341

�� !"#$%&'kçK=çÑ=iÉ~âë=aÉíÉÅíÉÇ NMM VO SS NOT NRS OMU ONS 254

�� !"#$%&'()*+,-Estimated Quantity of Sea WaterSaved (cu.m/day) 54,901 62,006 10,416 14,511 11,543 23,430 25,532 41,895

�� !"#Statistics on Waste Detection

�� !"#$ %&'()*+ ,&,-'(.= Financial Year = 1 April to 31 March

�� !"#$%East dam of High Island Reservoir.

management of assets and risks

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