Management Information System

A Report On:

Management Information SystemManagement Information System

Prepared For:

Sir Sir Zain ul AbdienZain ul Abdien

Prepared By:

Abdul Latif (12014101)Abdul Latif (12014101)Syed Tufail Haider (12014177)Syed Tufail Haider (12014177)

Muhammad Waseem (12014136)Muhammad Waseem (12014136)Muhammad Wasif Azeem (120141Muhammad Wasif Azeem (120141

DATED:

1212thth, November, 2015, November, 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO TOPICS PAGE NO

1 THE CITY SCHOOL OVERVIEW 1

2 THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES 1

3 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM 2

4 THE SOURCE OF MIS DATA 3

5 OBJECTIVES OF MIS 4

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TYPES OF MISTransaction Processing SystemsDecision Support SystemsSchool Information Management SystemsHuman Resource ManagementExecutive Information SystemsOffice Automation Systems

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7 ADVANTAGES 8

8 DISADVANTAGES 9

9 REFERENCES 10

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THE CITY SCHOOL OVEstablished in Karachi in 1978, The City School is today one of the largest private school networks in Pakistan with branches in all the major cities across the country. It currently has 195 schools in 54 cities with over 60,000 students and 8000 employees. The City School continues to expand its reach to meet the demands for quality education. The knowledge and skills-based curriculum derived from the UK national curriculum guides students from Nursery to Cambridge International Examinations (for the 16 and 18 year age group), qualifying them for the IGCSE, and O and A Level examinations. The uniform implementation of the curriculum gives parents, students, and teachers the advantage of a smooth and efficient transfer from one school to another within the system.

THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES Purpose-built Campuses

All purpose-built campuses provide the essential academic and recreational facilities.

LaboratoriesScience laboratories are equipped with modern scientific equipment to facilitate practical work necessary for senior examinations.

Computer LabsState-of-the-art computer labs provide access to advanced interactive technology throughout our schools at all stages. Students are acquainted with Information and Communications Technology at grass-roots level. The latest software as per the requirements of IGCSE curriculum is also available for students.

LibrariesOur well stocked libraries support the curriculum and the reading programmers in our schools while encouraging students to carry out research at home.

MusicMusic is offered as a subject at various levels and is an important component of our Early Years Programmers

ArtArt is the medium of instruction at primary level and is also thoroughly enjoyed by students at the middle school level.

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMA Management Information System (MIS) is a systematic organization and presentation of information that is generally required by the management of an organization for taking better decisions for the organization. The MIS data may be derived from various units of the organization or from other sources. However it is very difficult to say the exact structure of MIS as the structure and goals of different types of organizations are different. Hence both the data and structure of MIS is dependent on the type of organization and often customized to the specific requirement of the management.

The meaning of MIS is well represented by consists. “Management” the information system is built for management and not for the operational staff. “Information System”- an information system that takes care of sourcing, organizing and managing the required data and presenting in the desired formats that may be useful in a context and for a purpose.

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THE SOURCE OF MIS DATAMIS data is generally summarized from the day-to-day operational data of the organization. Most part of the MIS database is collected from different subsystems of the organization. The subsystems may be Human Resource System, Production Management System, Finance System, Sales Management System, Project Management System etc.

The above illustration shows how the critical management information flows from every unit of organization to a centralized management information system. It will be interesting to note that there can be some “management information” from the “information management unit” to the “management information system” too Some types of MIS data are also collected from sources external to the organization, such as competitors’ data, which may be obtained from different websites in the Internet.

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OBJECTIVES OF MISThe goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics of the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way and capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage.

Following are the basic objectives of an MIS:

Capturing Data: Capturing contextual data, or operational information that will contribute in decision making from various internal and external sources of organization.

Processing Data: The captured data is processed into information needed for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling functionalities at strategic, tactical and operational level. Processing data means making calculations with the data, sorting data, classifying data and summarizing data

Information Storage: Information or processed data need to be stored for future use.

Information Retrieval: The system should be able to retrieve this information from the storage as and when required by various users.

Information Propagation: Information or the finished product of the MIS should be circulated to its users periodically using the organizational network.

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TYPES OF MISTRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS :( TPS)

These systems process a large volume of routine, recurring transactions. Transaction processing systems (TPS) deal with computerization of any type of transactions such as financial transactions (receipts, payments etc.), sales transactions (purchases, sales etc.). The purpose of TPS is to track the routine activities and automate the day-to-day operations of specific activities of an organization such as sales, production, payroll etc. To computerize day-to-day transactions like sales etc., print sales vouchers, prepare daily reports, summary reports etc. This system intends to reduce manual work and speed up operations by using computers. At the operational level the tasks and goals are predefined and the processes are highly structured. There are specific rules on how a pay slip is to be calculated and specific format on how a pay slip is to be printed. Hence, in most cases, readymade software packages are available for transaction processing systems.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: (DSS)

These systems help mangers with the necessary information to make intelligent decisions. Decision support systems are meant for assisting the decision makers (human beings) in taking non-standard and complex decisions. Decision support systems use intelligence like human beings to decide “what if this happens…” Decision support systems are intelligent systems and similar to expert systems. Decision Support Systems use data from both TPS and MIS. They also take information input from other sources such as competitors’ reports, information from websites. Decision support systems use various scientific methods and statistical calculations to arrive at better decisions on a given condition. DSS do not necessarily follow conventional rules. For example, a conventional system can compute the price of a product based on the cost of production, but it cannot compute the price of product to be less than the cost of production. But sometimes a decision may be taken to sell the product at a price lower than the manufacturing cost (thereby incurring loss) because of competitor’s price. The decision support systems are based on highly unstructured data. As the problem environment is frequently changing there is no ready-made decision support software. There are various software tools for advanced

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statistical calculations and presentations. The decision maker may use some of these tools to fine-tune his decisions.SCHOOL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (SIMS):

Cover school administration, and often including teaching and learning materials.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM).

A human resources information management system supports the daily management and tracking of employees and recruiting. These systems track some financial elements of human resources that overlap the accounting and finance system such as payroll, benefits and retirement, but the human resource system is much more than that. It can streamline communication between employees and HR by providing an electronic hub for HR policies, legal compliance notices and mandatory training events. It can automate employee timekeeping, track work attendance, calculate available and used leave and let employees request vacation or sick leave, all without a manager's physical involvement. The recruiting function is also automated through the human resources management system through resume collection and analysis for identifying qualified potential hires.

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EIS) 

Executive Information Systems are strategic-level information systems that are found at the top of the Pyramid. They help executives and senior managers analyze the environment in which the organization operates, to identify long-term trends, and to plan appropriate courses of action. The information in such systems is often weakly structured and comes from both internal and external sources. Executive Information System are designed to be operated directly by executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the preferences of the individual using them.

Executive Support Systems are intended to provide necessary information to Executives and senior management to take non-routine and strategic decisions. ESS may get input from TPS of an organization and from other sources and present the information in formats that may be useful to the senior management to take effective decisions. Thus as we saw above all these systems including MIS, DSS, ESS etc. are used by the senior management to

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take effective decisions. But there are certain differences between them so far as their field of application is concerned.

OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)

Office automation systems use computerized systems to automate any workflow of the organization. For example, a manual payroll system may be computerized for an automatic calculation of salaries and other payments. Standard acknowledgements may be automatically sent by emails. The replies to queries may be standardized and to some extent automated.

There are many office automation systems such as MSOffice Suite, Star

Office (from Sun Microsystems), IBM Lotus symphony, Open Office etc. Office automation systems have nothing to do with MIS. But they are used for all types of purposes at every level. Hence sometimes office automation tools are useful for compiling and presenting MIS reports.

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ADVANTAGESThe following are some of the benefits that can be attained using MIS

1. Companies are able to identify their strengths and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employees' performance record etc. Identifying these aspects can help a company improve its business processes and operations.

2. Giving an overall picture of the company.3. Acting as a communication and planning tool.4. The availability of customer data and feedback can help the company

to align its business processes according to the needs of its customers. The effective management of customer data can help the company to perform direct marketing and promotion activities.

5. MISs can help a company gain a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is a firm’s ability to do something better, faster, cheaper, or uniquely, when compared with rival firms in the market.

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DISADVANTAGES

EXPENSIVE

Installing a management information system can be expensive for a company. Information technology—while cheaper today than previous years—can represent a significant expense, especially for larger organizations. These systems may also require ongoing support or upgrade fees, which can represent future fixed cash outflows. Companies must create a budget to pay for these items to ensure the information system stays current with business technology. Attempting to integrate these systems with technology currently in use can also increase expenses.

MAINTENANCE

Companies may need to hire maintenance individuals to help keep an electronic information system running smoothly. These individuals often need experience in computer science functions and other business topics. Not only does this increase labor costs, but it also requires additional training and ongoing education for these individuals. Business technology can change frequently, creating an environment where companies must have trained individuals who can properly maintain computers, websites, servers and other equipment in use by the management information system.

UNEMPLOYMENT

While information technology may have streamlined the business process it has also created job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed. 

PRIVACY

Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge. 

LACK OF JOB SECURITY

Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.  

REFERENCES11

The City Schoolhttp://thecityschool.edu.pk/ Stephen Harsh, Management Information Systems Laudon and Laudon, Management Information Systems, Gorden Davis, Management Information Systems

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