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Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
© The State of Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2014
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment and Primary Industries logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en
Printed by Impact Digital, Brunswick
ISBN 978-1-74146-384-2 (print)
ISBN 978-1-74287-978-9 (pdf)
Accessibility
If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone DEPI Customer Service Centre 136186, email [email protected], via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com.au. This document is also available on the internet at www.depi.vic.gov.au
Disclaimer
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
© The State of Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2014
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment and Primary Industries logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en
Printed by Impact Digital, Brunswick
ISBN 978-1-74146-384-2 (print)
ISBN 978-1-74287-978-9 (pdf)
Accessibility
If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone DEPI Customer Service Centre 136186, email [email protected], via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com.au. This document is also available on the internet at www.depi.vic.gov.au
Disclaimer
This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 1
Contents
Definitions 3
Acronyms 4
1. Introduction 5
1.1 Scope 5
1.2 Role 5
1.3 Application 5
1.4 Review of guidelines 5
2. Explanatory notes 6
3. Management guidelines - private native forests 7
3.1 Forest planning 7
3.1.1 Timberharvestingplan 7
3.2 Environmental values in Private Native Forests 11
3.2.1 Waterquality,riverhealthandsoilprotection 14
3.2.2 Conservationofbiodiversity 14
3.2.3 ForestHealth 18
3.3 Roading for timber harvesting operations 19
3.3.1 Roadplanning 19
3.3.2 Roaddesign 20
3.3.3 Roadconstruction 23
3.3.4 Roadmaintenance 23
3.3.5 Suspensionofhaulage 24
3.3.6 Roadclosure 24
3.4 Timber harvesting 24
3.4.1 Timberharvestingoperations 24
3.4.2 Coupeinfrastructure 26
3.4.3 Operationalrestrictions 27
3.5 Forest regeneration and management 27
3.5.1 Regeneration 27
3.5.2 Stockingassessmentandremedialtreatment 29
3.5.3 Tending 29
4. Management guidelines - plantations 30
4.1 Plantation planning and design 30
4.1.1 Plantationplanninganddesign 30
4.2 Environmental values in plantations 32
4.2.1 Waterquality,riverhealthandsoilprotection 33
4.2.2 Conservationofbiodiversity 41
4.3 Establishment and management of plantations 42
4.3.1 Sitepreparation 43
4.3.2 Chemicalusage 44
4.3.3 Plantationhealth 45
4.4 Plantation roading 46
4.4.1 Roadplanning 46
2 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Contents
4.4.2 Roaddesign 47
4.4.3 Roadconstruction 51
4.4.4 Roadmaintenance 53
4.4.5 Suspensionofhaulage 54
4.4.6 Roadclosures 55
4.5 Timber harvesting 56
4.5.1 Timberharvestingplan 56
4.5.2 Timberharvesting 58
4.5.3 Plantationinfrastructure 59
4.5.4 Operationalrestrictions 60
5. Legislation relevant to private forestry 61
5.1 Legislation relevant to private native forests 61
5.1.1 Section3.1ofcode(Forestplanning) 61
5.1.2 Section3.2.1ofcode(Waterquality,riverhealthandsoilprotection) 61
5.1.3 Section3.2.2(Conservationofbiodiversity)and3.2.3(Foresthealth)ofcode 62
5.1.4 Section3.3ofcode(Roading) 62
5.1.5 Section3.3.1ofcode(Roadplanning) 62
5.1.6 Section3.3.2ofcode(Roaddesign) 62
5.1.7 Section3.3.3ofcode(Roadconstruction) 62
5.1.8 Section3.3.4ofcode(Roadmaintenance) 63
5.1.9 Section3.4.1ofcode(Timberharvesting) 63
5.1.10 Section3.4.2ofcode(Coupeinfrastructure) 63
5.1.11 Section3.5.1ofcode(Regeneration) 63
5.1.12 Section3.5.2ofcode(Stockingassessmentandremedialtreatment) 63
5.1.13 Section3.5.3ofcode(Tending) 63
5.2 Legislation relevant to private plantations 64
5.2.1 Section4.1ofcode(Plantationplanninganddesign) 64
5.2.2 Section4.2.1ofcode(Waterquality,riverhealthandsoilprotection) 65
5.2.3 Section4.2.2ofcode(Conservationofbiodiversity) 65
5.2.4 Section4.3.1ofcode(Sitepreparation) 66
5.2.5 Section4.3.2ofcode(Chemicalusage) 66
5.2.6 Section4.3.3ofcode(Plantationhealth) 66
5.2.7 Section4.4.1ofcode(Roadplanning) 66
5.2.8 Section4.4.2ofcode(Roaddesign) 66
5.2.9 Section4.4.3ofcode(Roadconstruction) 66
5.2.10 Section4.4.4ofcode(Roadmaintenance) 67
5.2.11 Section4.5ofcode(Timberharvesting) 67
5.2.12 Section4.5.1ofcode(Timberharvestingplan) 67
5.2.13 Section4.5.4ofcode(Operationalrestrictions) 67
Appendix 1: Soil erosion hazard and soil permeability field guide and assessment kit 68
Appendix 2: Risk assessment matrix 76
Appendix 3: Plantation development notice template 77
Appendix 4: Timber harvesting plan template 80
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 3
Definitions
In these guidelines, unless the context requires otherwise, the following words and phrases in bold have the following meanings.
‘action statement’ means a document made under section 19 of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.
‘code’ means the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014.
‘cording’ means log material—eucalypt and non-eucalypt—with a diameter greater than 15 cm placed in a corduroy fashion on landings and snig tracks to distribute machine loading over a larger area.
‘designated crossing’ is where the location for the crossing of a waterway has been specifically identified on a Timber Harvesting Plan, other operational plan or in the field, and is constructed or installed in a manner that allows for typical peak annual flows. It may be a permanent crossing, a temporary crossing, or a crossing segment on a drainage line.
‘disturbance’ means to inflict changes to particular characteristics of an ecosystem (such as waterways, riparian vegetation or the linkages between the waterway and the catchment).
‘landowner’ means the person who is the owner or authorised occupier of freehold land.
‘log dump’ is an area where logs are stockpiled prior to transport from the plantation. A log dump requires no clearing or earthworks (as distinct from a landing, as defined in the code). In many plantations, roadside firebreaks and verges are used as log dumps and there may be many small dumps located along sections of major plantation roads where there is space to stack logs. Under the code, a landing is a place where logs are sorted, processed or loaded, so if the intention is to load logs from log dumps, then they should be considered as landings.
‘maintained’ means to enable continuation of the current conditions and functions of biological diversity.
‘mass movement’ means the collapse or downhill slippage or movement of soil and rock where gravity is the primary force. It generally occurs on steep slopes where soil and rock strata are naturally unstable, or have been made unstable by human activity or a natural agent such as fire, and is often triggered by an extreme weather event.
‘matting’ is smaller head material (branches), bark or other vegetation that is used to cover cording on snig tracks and landings.
‘retained native vegetation’ means native vegetation that must be retained under planning scheme provisions (including clause 52.17) or planning permit conditions; or native vegetation that the plantation / landowner chooses to retain, in addition to any statutory obligations.
‘risk’ means the potential outcome of a specific hazard. It defines the possibility of injury, illness, damage or loss occurring as a result of that hazard. It is measured in terms of likelihood and consequence.
‘risk assessment’ involves examining and evaluating the likelihood and possible consequence(s) (severity) of the potential outcomes of hazards in order to prioritise risks, which then govern management control measures.
‘road construction’ means works that involve the construction of a new section of road, or a new road.
‘soil disturbance’ means the disruption of the soil profile to an extent that affects its productivity and water relations, potentially leading to the protracted deterioration of water quality and aquatic health in associated streams.
‘temporary crossing’ is a waterway crossing constructed or installed for a particular short-term phase of plantation operations, and designed for removal following completion of the operations that it was meant to service.
‘temporary road’ means a road or track and any associated bridges, crossings and culverts that does not form part of the permanent road network. A temporary road is mostly constructed for the purpose of accessing a coupe(s) (or part thereof) to undertake timber harvesting operations and will be closed and rehabilitated on the completion of timber harvesting operations in that coupe(s). A temporary road includes in-coupe roads and coupe driveways.
‘wildlife’ as defined in the Wildlife Act 1975.
Any other term has the meaning as expressed in the code, unless otherwise specified.
4 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Acronyms
AMG Australian Map Grid
CFA Country Fire Authority
CHMP Cultural Heritage Management Plan
CMA Catchment Management Authority
DEPI Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
DPI Victorian Department of Primary Industries (now DEPI)
EPA Environment Protection Authority
EVC Ecological Vegetation Class
FMA Forest Management Area
LGA Local Government Authority
NRE Victorian Department of Natural Resources and Environment (now DEPI)
PDN Plantation Development Notice
THP Timber Harvesting Plan
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 5
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope
These management guidelines apply to all commercial timber production where the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 (the code) applies on private land (as defined in section 52.18-2 of the Victoria Planning Provisions).
1.2 Role
This document provides guidelines to:
• timber production managers and operators, to interpret the provisions of the code
• local governments, which have responsibility for monitoring code compliance under Victorian planning schemes.
These guidelines are not a substitute for the mandatory actions specified in the code.
Where there is a conflict between the code and these guidelines, the code prevails.
1.3 Application
Guidelines provide possible means for achieving operational goals or mandatory actions, including reference to documents that may assist forest managers.
Forest managers and operators are not obliged to conduct any of the actions under management guidelines in the following tables.
Failure to follow the management guidelines does not in itself constitute non-compliance with the code. However, the guidelines generally support or expand on the operational goals and mandatory actions in the code.
1.4 Review of guidelines
The Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI) may conduct a review of these guidelines when:
• a statute is created or changed
• the code is revised
• an action statement and/or flora and fauna guarantee order made under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 is created or changed
• another subordinate instrument is created or changed
• there is new scientific knowledge.
The Secretary of DEPI may review these guidelines at any time, and make changes as required to improve the environmental performance of timber production on private land.
These guidelines are valid until completion of a review, or until otherwise notified by the Secretary.
6 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
2. Explanatory notes
Chapters 3 and 4 that follow set out, in table form:
• clauses of the code (in the left-hand column)
• corresponding management guidelines (in the right-hand column).
The headings and numbers in the table correspond with the numbers in the code.
The left-hand column does not contain all elements of the code, and is therefore not a substitute for the code.
If a word from the guidelines glossary appears on a page it has been highlighted in bold.
As far as possible, the guidelines link to the relevant clauses of the code. However, some guidelines may be more broadly applicable to other clauses. In some instances, guidelines may be repeated.
Guidelines provide a possible means of meeting the requirements of the code. They do not exclude actions not listed, as long as they meet the requirements of the code.
Chapter 5 identifies some Victorian or Commonwealth laws that may be particularly relevant to an activity. These laws do not form part of the code, but alert the forest operator to other laws which they must follow. The list may not be comprehensive, and obligations may change. It is the responsibility of the forest operator to ensure all relevant legal requirements are met. Local governments are not responsible for compliance with laws outside their statutory responsibility.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 7
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.1
Fore
st p
lann
ing
Pro
per
plan
ning
is c
ritic
al to
ach
ievi
ng ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
requ
irem
ents
and
the
envi
ronm
enta
l out
com
es e
ncom
pass
ed b
y th
e co
de. F
ores
t man
agem
ent p
lann
ing
prov
ides
cle
ar d
ocum
enta
tion
of in
tend
ed re
serv
atio
n of
are
as, m
easu
res
to p
rote
ct th
e en
viro
nmen
t and
pro
pose
d tim
ber
prod
uctio
n op
erat
ions
.
‘ Per
mitt
ed c
lear
ing
of n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
– B
iodi
vers
ity a
sses
smen
t gui
delin
es (2
013)
’ is
avai
labl
e on
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Env
ironm
ent a
nd P
rimar
y In
dust
ries’
web
site
.
Und
er th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f pla
nnin
g sc
hem
es, t
imbe
r pr
oduc
tion
on p
rivat
e la
nd m
ust
com
ply
with
the
code
. Loc
al g
over
nmen
t (th
e re
spon
sibl
e au
thor
ity) i
s re
quire
d to
co
nsid
er th
e op
erat
iona
l goa
ls a
nd m
anda
tory
act
ions
in th
is c
ode
whe
n is
suin
g pe
rmits
fo
r tim
ber
prod
uctio
n.
Priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
har
vest
ing
mus
t be
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith ‘P
erm
itted
cle
arin
g
of n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
– B
iodi
vers
ity a
sses
smen
t gui
delin
es (2
013)
’, an
inco
rpor
ated
do
cum
ent i
n th
e V
icto
ria P
lann
ing
Pro
visi
ons
and
all p
lann
ing
sche
mes
.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
App
rova
l for
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n in
nat
ive
fore
st o
n pr
ivat
e la
nd is
obt
aine
d th
roug
h th
e re
leva
nt p
lann
ing
sche
me.
3.1.
1T
imb
er h
arve
stin
g p
lan
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is th
e ba
sic
reco
rd o
f the
fore
st m
anag
er’s
inte
nded
act
iviti
es
in a
n ar
ea o
f for
est.
It ap
plie
s to
a s
ingl
e co
upe,
a n
umbe
r of
cou
pes
or to
an
area
in
whi
ch a
num
ber
of c
oupe
s ar
e to
be
harv
este
d. It
ass
ists
tim
ber
harv
estin
g m
anag
ers,
ha
rves
ting
entit
ies
and
oper
ator
s an
d lo
cal g
over
nmen
t in
unde
rsta
ndin
g an
d as
sess
ing:
i. ar
ea to
be
harv
este
d an
d op
erat
iona
l req
uire
men
ts;
ii.
com
plia
nce
with
the
oper
atio
nal g
oals
and
man
dato
ry a
ctio
ns o
f thi
s co
de;
iii.
com
plia
nce
with
the
plan
ning
sch
eme
requ
irem
ents
; and
iv.
com
plia
nce
with
rele
vant
legi
slat
ion.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is p
repa
red
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f thi
s co
de
and
subm
itted
to th
e re
leva
nt lo
cal g
over
nmen
t prio
r to
the
com
men
cem
ent o
f tim
ber
prod
uctio
n.
3.
Man
agem
ent
gui
del
ines
- p
riva
te n
ativ
e fo
rest
s
8 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.1.
1.1
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
mus
t be
subm
itted
to lo
cal g
over
nmen
t not
less
than
28
days
be
fore
the
com
men
cem
ent o
f any
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n op
erat
ions
. The
28
day
min
imum
lo
dgem
ent t
ime
may
be
wai
ved
with
the
agre
emen
t of t
he lo
cal g
over
nmen
t.
A lo
cal g
over
nmen
t aut
horit
y (L
GA
) may
acc
ept t
he lo
dgem
ent o
f an
annu
al T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
(rath
er th
an T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lans
for
indi
vidu
al c
oupe
s) if
it is
sa
tisfie
d th
at th
e an
nual
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n ad
equa
tely
cov
ers
the
info
rmat
ion
requ
ired
for
all c
oupe
s in
clud
ed in
the
plan
.
3.1.
1.2
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is c
urre
nt fo
r 24
mon
ths
follo
win
g lo
dgem
ent w
ith th
e lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent.
3.1.
1.3
Whe
n pr
epar
ing
a Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan,
the
follo
win
g is
sues
mus
t be
addr
esse
d:
i. m
etho
ds to
min
imis
e im
pact
s on
bio
dive
rsity
, wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
from
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n;
ii. w
ays
to m
inim
ise
impa
cts
on s
igni
fican
t vis
ual l
ands
cape
val
ues
and;
iii. w
ays
to m
inim
ise
impa
cts
on c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s.
The
Tim
ber H
arve
stin
g P
lan
may
incl
ude
cons
ider
atio
n of
any
obj
ectiv
es o
f reg
iona
l riv
er
heal
th s
trat
egie
s, s
usta
inab
le w
ater
str
ateg
ies
or a
ny w
ater
-qua
lity
plan
s pr
epar
ed b
y th
e C
MA
or w
ater
aut
horit
ies.
Mai
ntai
ning
an
appr
opria
te a
ge c
lass
dis
trib
utio
n w
ill pr
otec
t wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y, u
tilis
ing
tech
niqu
es s
uch
as th
e ad
optio
n of
long
er ro
tatio
ns, l
imita
tions
on
annu
al h
arve
st
area
s, c
ontro
lling
stan
d de
nsity
by
thin
ning
to m
aint
ain
stre
amflo
w, o
r oth
er te
chni
ques
as
rese
arch
kno
wle
dge
beco
mes
ava
ilabl
e. In
det
erm
inin
g w
hich
tech
niqu
es m
ay b
e ap
prop
riate
to p
rote
ct w
ater
ava
ilabi
lity
in a
ny a
rea,
con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
the
fore
st ty
pes
and
age
clas
ses
pres
ent,
and
to e
xist
ing
wat
er y
ield
s.
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent a
nd o
ther
gov
ernm
ent a
utho
ritie
s (s
uch
as c
atch
men
t man
agem
ent
auth
oriti
es) m
ay p
rovi
de a
dvis
ory
info
rmat
ion
to a
ssis
t lan
dow
ners
dev
elop
and
im
plem
ent p
lans
to p
rote
ct fo
rest
val
ues
iden
tified
as
impo
rtan
t at t
he c
atch
men
t lev
el.
The
loca
tion
and
desi
gn o
f the
cou
pe s
houl
d ta
ke a
ccou
nt o
f the
type
of h
arve
stin
g eq
uipm
ent t
o be
use
d.
Adv
erse
vis
ual i
mpa
cts
can
be m
inim
ised
by
appr
opria
te m
odifi
catio
n of
cou
pe d
esig
n an
d di
strib
utio
n. T
he o
bjec
tive
is to
ble
nd h
arve
stin
g sc
enes
with
nat
ural
feat
ures
of t
he
land
scap
e, a
nd p
artic
ular
ly to
min
imis
e sk
ylin
e im
pact
(as
show
n in
Fig
ure
1).
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 9
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Fig
ure
1: M
inim
isin
g v
isua
l im
pac
t
10 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.1.
1.4
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ay a
lso
incl
ude:
i. la
ndow
ners
nam
e an
d ad
dres
s;
ii.
estim
ated
tim
ber
volu
mes
to b
e ha
rves
ted;
iii.
the
prop
osed
hau
lage
rout
e;
iv.
a m
ap s
how
ing:
- th
e co
upe
loca
tion(
s);
- th
e ar
ea(s
) to
be h
arve
sted
; -
area
s ex
clud
ed fr
om h
arve
stin
g w
ithin
the
coup
e bo
unda
ry, i
nclu
ding
are
as
rese
rved
or
spec
ifica
lly m
anag
ed fo
r bi
odiv
ersi
ty c
onse
rvat
ion,
wat
erw
ay
prot
ectio
n (in
clud
ing
any
buffe
rs o
r fil
ter
strip
s), o
r pr
otec
tion
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge
valu
es;
- po
wer
line
s;
- ne
w o
r up
grad
ed ro
ads
and
coup
e in
frast
ruct
ure
with
in th
e pr
oper
ty.
v.
cond
ition
s ap
plyi
ng to
the
timbe
r pr
oduc
tion
oper
atio
n;
vi.
fire
prot
ectio
n m
easu
res;
vii.
the
perio
d du
ring
whi
ch th
e op
erat
ion
is to
occ
ur; a
nd
viii.
a re
gene
ratio
n pr
ogra
m to
follo
w h
arve
stin
g, w
here
requ
ired.
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ay a
dditi
onal
ly in
clud
e in
form
atio
n on
:
• m
etho
ds o
f mar
king
;
• th
e so
il er
osio
n ha
zard
cla
ss (o
r cl
asse
s) o
f the
cou
pe a
rea
and
asso
ciat
ed
oper
atio
nal r
estr
ictio
ns (s
uch
as s
lope
);
• th
e ha
rves
ting
and
rege
nera
tion
syst
ems
to b
e em
ploy
ed;
• ar
eas
with
in o
r ad
jace
nt to
a c
oupe
that
are
to b
e ex
clud
ed fr
om h
arve
stin
g, o
r to
whi
ch s
peci
al p
resc
riptio
ns a
pply
(suc
h as
for
biod
iver
sity
pro
tect
ion,
hab
itat
enha
ncem
ent o
r la
ndsc
ape
prot
ectio
n) a
nd d
etai
ls o
f any
spe
cial
con
ditio
ns o
r pr
escr
iptio
ns a
ppro
pria
te to
pro
tect
ing
thos
e si
tes;
• m
easu
res
to b
e em
ploy
ed to
pro
tect
and
reha
bilit
ate
soils
and
to e
nsur
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f wat
er q
ualit
y;
• th
e lo
catio
n, d
esig
n, c
onst
ruct
ion,
mai
nten
ance
and
clo
sure
of l
og e
xtra
ctio
n ro
ads;
• th
e lo
catio
ns a
nd m
etho
ds o
f reh
abilit
atio
n of
log
land
ings
and
dum
ps a
nd, w
here
ne
cess
ary,
siti
ng a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
mea
sure
s fo
r m
ajor
sni
g tr
acks
;
• se
ason
al re
stric
tions
;
• an
y re
quire
d ve
geta
tion
offs
ets.
3.1.
1.5
The
size
of c
lear
fall,
see
d tr
ee h
arve
stin
g or
she
lterw
ood
coup
es s
houl
d ge
nera
lly n
ot
exce
ed 4
0 he
ctar
es n
et h
arve
sted
are
a. C
oupe
s m
ay b
e ag
greg
ated
but
not
exc
eed
120
hect
ares
net
har
vest
ed a
rea
over
a p
erio
d of
up
to fi
ve y
ears
. Agg
rega
ted
coup
es
mus
t not
be
cont
iguo
us (f
orm
ing
a co
upe
grea
ter
than
120
hec
tare
s w
ithin
a fi
ve y
ear
perio
d).
3.1.
1.6
Thin
ning
cou
pes
mus
t not
exc
eed
120
hect
ares
net
har
vest
ed a
rea.
Sin
gle
tree
se
lect
ion
coup
es m
ay b
e of
any
siz
e, w
here
land
scap
e or
env
ironm
enta
l val
ues
are
not
affe
cted
.
3.1.
1.7
Cou
pe b
ound
arie
s m
ust t
ake
adva
ntag
e of
topo
grap
hic
and/
or a
rtifi
cial
feat
ures
(s
uch
as ro
ads
and
prop
erty
bou
ndar
ies)
whe
re th
ey e
xist
, with
due
rega
rd to
saf
ety,
op
erat
iona
l req
uire
men
ts, l
ands
cape
val
ues
and
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues.
Whe
re c
oupe
bo
unda
ries
do n
ot fo
llow
obv
ious
nat
ural
or
artifi
cial
feat
ures
, the
y m
ust b
e cl
early
m
arke
d on
-site
.
3.1.
1.8
Cha
ract
eris
tics
of c
oupe
s fo
r sa
lvag
e of
tim
ber
in fo
rest
s da
mag
ed b
y fir
e, p
ests
, pa
thog
ens
or o
ther
eve
nts
may
diff
er fr
om u
ndam
aged
fore
sts.
A s
peci
al (s
alva
ge) p
lan
or a
n am
ende
d Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
mus
t be
deve
lope
d, ta
king
into
acc
ount
:
i. th
e ne
ed fo
r ur
genc
y in
tim
ber
reco
very
; and
ii.
the
need
to m
odify
pre
scrip
tions
, as
requ
ired,
to m
eet e
nviro
nmen
tal c
are
goal
s an
d ad
dres
s re
cove
ry s
trat
egie
s fo
r ot
her
fore
st v
alue
s (s
uch
as fa
una)
.
3.1.
1.9
Sal
vage
har
vest
ing
oper
atio
ns m
ust t
ake
as m
uch
acco
unt o
f env
ironm
enta
l car
e as
any
ot
her
harv
estin
g op
erat
ion.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 11
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.1.
1.10
A c
opy
of th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
and
any
supp
ortin
g pr
escr
iptio
ns m
ust b
e pr
ovid
ed to
the
harv
estin
g te
am le
ader
. The
pla
n’s
impl
emen
tatio
n, in
clud
ing
spec
ific
pres
crip
tions
to b
e ap
plie
d to
the
coup
e, m
ust b
e di
scus
sed
with
him
/her
. The
se
docu
men
ts m
ust b
e av
aila
ble
on-s
ite w
hile
ope
ratio
ns a
re in
pro
gres
s.
3.1.
1.11
All
amen
dmen
ts a
nd v
aria
tions
to o
pera
tiona
l req
uire
men
ts (s
uch
as th
e re
mov
al o
f tr
ees
from
buf
fers
or
outs
ide
the
coup
e fo
r sa
fety
pur
pose
s) m
ust b
e do
cum
ente
d in
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n an
d da
ted
by th
e ha
rves
ting
team
lead
er.
3.2
Env
ironm
enta
l val
ues
in P
rivat
e N
ativ
e Fo
rest
sTi
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
oper
atio
ns in
priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
s m
ay im
pact
on
envi
ronm
enta
l va
lues
suc
h as
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d bi
odiv
ersi
ty. A
ppro
pria
te p
lann
ing
and
man
agem
ent
thro
ugh
the
lifec
ycle
of t
he o
pera
tion
can
min
imis
e th
ese
impa
cts.
Thi
s se
ctio
n in
clud
es
requ
irem
ents
that
mus
t be
obse
rved
dur
ing
plan
ning
, ten
ding
, roa
ding
, har
vest
ing
and
rege
nera
tion
of n
ativ
e fo
rest
s on
priv
ate
land
.
3.2.
1W
ater
qua
lity,
riv
er h
ealth
and
so
il p
rote
ctio
n
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
are
mai
ntai
ned
or im
prov
ed b
y pr
otec
ting
wat
erw
ays
and
aqua
tic a
nd r
ipar
ian
habi
tat f
rom
dis
turb
ance
.
Wat
er p
ollu
tion
is m
inim
ised
and
soi
l pro
duct
ive
capa
city
is m
aint
aine
d by
avo
idin
g ha
rves
ting
in in
appr
opria
te a
reas
or
slop
es a
nd u
nder
taki
ng n
eces
sary
pre
vent
ive
mea
sure
s.
Che
mic
als
are
only
use
d w
here
app
ropr
iate
to th
e si
te c
ondi
tions
and
is c
ondu
cted
with
du
e ca
re fo
r th
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f for
est h
ealth
, wat
er q
ualit
y, b
iodi
vers
ity a
nd s
oil v
alue
s.
Dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns, t
imbe
r pr
oduc
tion
is m
odifi
ed o
r w
here
ne
cess
ary
susp
ende
d to
min
imis
e ris
ks to
soi
l and
wat
er q
ualit
y va
lues
.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
Wat
erw
ay c
lass
ifica
tion
3.2.
1.1
Use
the
follo
win
g ca
tego
ries
whe
n de
term
inin
g bu
ffer
and
filte
r w
idth
s fo
r w
ater
way
s w
ithin
and
imm
edia
tely
adj
acen
t to
each
cou
pe:
i. pe
rman
ent s
trea
ms,
poo
ls a
nd w
etla
nds;
ii.
tem
pora
ry s
trea
ms;
iii.
drai
nage
line
s.
Aid
s to
the
iden
tifica
tion
of e
ach
clas
s of
wat
erw
ay a
re p
rovi
ded
in th
e gl
ossa
ry
12 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Pro
tect
ing
wat
erw
ays
and
aq
uat
ic a
nd
rip
aria
n h
abit
atW
ater
qua
lity
risk
ass
essm
ent
and
pro
tect
ion
The
follo
win
g m
ust b
e de
term
ined
in th
e fie
ld:
• so
il er
osio
n cl
assi
ficat
ion;
• so
il pe
rmea
bilit
y cl
assi
ficat
ion.
Ap
pen
dix
1: S
oil
ero
sio
n ha
zard
and
so
il p
erm
eab
ility
fiel
d g
uid
e an
d
asse
ssm
ent
kit
pro
vid
es g
uid
ance
on
the
asse
ssm
ent
of
soil
ero
sio
n cl
assi
fica
tio
n an
d s
oil
per
mea
bili
ty.
Com
bine
the
soil
eros
ion
and
soil
haza
rd c
lass
ifica
tions
to d
eter
min
e an
ove
rall
soil
cate
gory
of l
ow (L
), m
oder
ate
(M),
high
(H) o
r ve
ry h
igh
(VH
) as
show
n in
Tab
le 2
be
low
.
Tab
le 2
: Det
erm
inin
g o
vera
ll so
il ca
teg
ory
So
il p
erm
eab
ility
cl
assi
fica
tio
nS
oil
ero
sio
n cl
assi
fica
tio
n
Low
Med
ium
Hig
hVe
ry h
igh
Low
MM
HV
H
Hig
hL
LM
M
Use
this
ove
rall
soil
cate
gory
to d
eter
min
e w
ater
-qua
lity
risk
as s
how
n in
Tab
le 3
.
Tab
le 3
: Tra
nsla
ting
ove
rall
soil
cate
go
ry t
o w
ater
-qua
lity
risk
Ove
rall
soil
cate
go
ryW
ater
qua
lity
risk
LLo
w w
ater
qua
lity
risk
MM
oder
ate
wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k
HH
igh
wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k
VH
Very
hig
h w
ater
qua
lity
risk
Use
this
ove
rall
wat
er-q
ualit
y ris
k ca
tego
ry to
hel
p de
term
ine
the
wid
th o
f buf
fers
and
fil
ters
in T
able
2 in
3.2
.1.4
of t
he c
ode
(Tab
le 1
opp
osite
).
Dire
ctin
g tr
ees
to fa
ll ou
t of fi
lter
strip
s m
ay re
duce
so
il d
istu
rban
ce.
3.2.
1.2
Man
agem
ent a
ctio
ns to
pro
tect
wat
erw
ays,
riv
er h
ealth
and
soi
l mus
t be
appr
opria
te
to th
e w
ater
way
cla
ss, s
oil c
ateg
ory,
and
pot
entia
l wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k po
sed
by ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
at e
ach
site
.
3.2.
1.3
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d by
est
ablis
hing
and
mai
ntai
ning
buf
fers
an
d/or
filte
r st
rips
(to e
ach
side
of t
he w
ater
way
). B
uffe
rs a
nd fi
lter
strip
s m
ust b
e sp
ecifi
ed o
n th
e ba
sis
of fi
eld
risk
asse
ssm
ents
, and
the
outc
omes
sho
wn
in th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
As
part
of t
he fi
eld
risk
asse
ssm
ent,
the
pote
ntia
l ris
k to
wat
er q
ualit
y is
de
term
ined
thro
ugh
cons
ider
atio
n of
:
• so
il er
odib
ility
• so
il pe
rmea
bilit
y
• ra
infa
ll er
osiv
ity (i
nclu
ding
sea
son
of ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
oper
atio
n)
• to
pogr
aphy
• ty
pe o
f tim
ber
prod
uctio
n op
erat
ion
• lo
catio
n of
cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure.
3.2.
1.4
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d fro
m m
icro
clim
ate
chan
ges,
se
dim
enta
tion
and
dist
urba
nce
by m
aint
aini
ng b
uffe
rs a
nd/o
r fil
ter
strip
s (to
eac
h si
de
of th
e w
ater
way
) of n
ot le
ss th
an th
e w
idth
s sp
ecifi
ed in
Tab
le 1
(not
e: th
is is
Tab
le 2
in
the
code
).
Tab
le 1
: Min
imum
wid
ths
in m
etre
s fo
r b
uffe
rs a
nd fi
lter
stri
ps
app
licab
le t
o
vari
ous
wat
erw
ay c
ateg
ori
es, i
n re
latio
n to
wat
er q
ualit
y ri
sk a
nd s
lop
e
Sit
es w
ith
low
or
mo
der
ate
wat
er q
ualit
y ri
skS
ites
wit
h hi
gh
or
very
hig
h w
ater
qua
lity
risk
Wat
erw
ay c
lass
Slo
pe
0-30
oS
lop
e 0-
20o
Slo
pe
21o
- 3
0o
1. P
ools
, pe
rman
ent
stre
ams
and
wet
land
s
20m
B30
m B
40m
B
2. T
empo
rary
st
ream
s10
m F
10m
B +
10
m F
20m
B
3. D
rain
age
lines
10m
F10
m F
15m
F
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 13
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Pro
tect
ing
wat
erw
ays
and
aq
uat
ic a
nd
rip
aria
n h
abit
atW
ater
qua
lity
risk
ass
essm
ent
and
pro
tect
ion
The
follo
win
g m
ust b
e de
term
ined
in th
e fie
ld:
• so
il er
osio
n cl
assi
ficat
ion;
• so
il pe
rmea
bilit
y cl
assi
ficat
ion.
Ap
pen
dix
1: S
oil
ero
sio
n ha
zard
and
so
il p
erm
eab
ility
fiel
d g
uid
e an
d
asse
ssm
ent
kit
pro
vid
es g
uid
ance
on
the
asse
ssm
ent
of
soil
ero
sio
n cl
assi
fica
tio
n an
d s
oil
per
mea
bili
ty.
Com
bine
the
soil
eros
ion
and
soil
haza
rd c
lass
ifica
tions
to d
eter
min
e an
ove
rall
soil
cate
gory
of l
ow (L
), m
oder
ate
(M),
high
(H) o
r ve
ry h
igh
(VH
) as
show
n in
Tab
le 2
be
low
.
Tab
le 2
: Det
erm
inin
g o
vera
ll so
il ca
teg
ory
So
il p
erm
eab
ility
cl
assi
fica
tio
nS
oil
ero
sio
n cl
assi
fica
tio
n
Low
Med
ium
Hig
hVe
ry h
igh
Low
MM
HV
H
Hig
hL
LM
M
Use
this
ove
rall
soil
cate
gory
to d
eter
min
e w
ater
-qua
lity
risk
as s
how
n in
Tab
le 3
.
Tab
le 3
: Tra
nsla
ting
ove
rall
soil
cate
go
ry t
o w
ater
-qua
lity
risk
Ove
rall
soil
cate
go
ryW
ater
qua
lity
risk
LLo
w w
ater
qua
lity
risk
MM
oder
ate
wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k
HH
igh
wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k
VH
Very
hig
h w
ater
qua
lity
risk
Use
this
ove
rall
wat
er-q
ualit
y ris
k ca
tego
ry to
hel
p de
term
ine
the
wid
th o
f buf
fers
and
fil
ters
in T
able
2 in
3.2
.1.4
of t
he c
ode
(Tab
le 1
opp
osite
).
Dire
ctin
g tr
ees
to fa
ll ou
t of fi
lter
strip
s m
ay re
duce
so
il d
istu
rban
ce.
3.2.
1.2
Man
agem
ent a
ctio
ns to
pro
tect
wat
erw
ays,
riv
er h
ealth
and
soi
l mus
t be
appr
opria
te
to th
e w
ater
way
cla
ss, s
oil c
ateg
ory,
and
pot
entia
l wat
er q
ualit
y ris
k po
sed
by ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
at e
ach
site
.
3.2.
1.3
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d by
est
ablis
hing
and
mai
ntai
ning
buf
fers
an
d/or
filte
r st
rips
(to e
ach
side
of t
he w
ater
way
). B
uffe
rs a
nd fi
lter
strip
s m
ust b
e sp
ecifi
ed o
n th
e ba
sis
of fi
eld
risk
asse
ssm
ents
, and
the
outc
omes
sho
wn
in th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
As
part
of t
he fi
eld
risk
asse
ssm
ent,
the
pote
ntia
l ris
k to
wat
er q
ualit
y is
de
term
ined
thro
ugh
cons
ider
atio
n of
:
• so
il er
odib
ility
• so
il pe
rmea
bilit
y
• ra
infa
ll er
osiv
ity (i
nclu
ding
sea
son
of ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
oper
atio
n)
• to
pogr
aphy
• ty
pe o
f tim
ber
prod
uctio
n op
erat
ion
• lo
catio
n of
cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure.
3.2.
1.4
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d fro
m m
icro
clim
ate
chan
ges,
se
dim
enta
tion
and
dist
urba
nce
by m
aint
aini
ng b
uffe
rs a
nd/o
r fil
ter
strip
s (to
eac
h si
de
of th
e w
ater
way
) of n
ot le
ss th
an th
e w
idth
s sp
ecifi
ed in
Tab
le 1
(not
e: th
is is
Tab
le 2
in
the
code
).
Tab
le 1
: Min
imum
wid
ths
in m
etre
s fo
r b
uffe
rs a
nd fi
lter
stri
ps
app
licab
le t
o
vari
ous
wat
erw
ay c
ateg
ori
es, i
n re
latio
n to
wat
er q
ualit
y ri
sk a
nd s
lop
e
Sit
es w
ith
low
or
mo
der
ate
wat
er q
ualit
y ri
skS
ites
wit
h hi
gh
or
very
hig
h w
ater
qua
lity
risk
Wat
erw
ay c
lass
Slo
pe
0-30
oS
lop
e 0-
20o
Slo
pe
21o
- 3
0o
1. P
ools
, pe
rman
ent
stre
ams
and
wet
land
s
20m
B30
m B
40m
B
2. T
empo
rary
st
ream
s10
m F
10m
B +
10
m F
20m
B
3. D
rain
age
lines
10m
F10
m F
15m
F
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.2.
1.5
Add
ition
al m
easu
res
to p
rote
ct w
ater
qua
lity
and
aqua
tic h
abita
t (in
clud
ing
wid
enin
g bu
ffers
or
filte
r st
rips)
mus
t be
adop
ted
with
in c
oupe
s w
here
ther
e is
a h
igh
loca
l ris
k du
e to
:
i. lo
cal t
opog
raph
y
ii.
the
inte
nsity
and
mag
nitu
de o
f the
har
vest
ing
oper
atio
n; o
r
iii.
the
loca
tion
of th
e tim
ber p
rodu
ctio
n op
erat
ion
in a
dec
lare
d S
peci
al W
ater
Sup
ply
Cat
chm
ent o
r any
oth
er w
ater
sup
ply
prot
ectio
n ar
ea.
Add
ition
al p
rote
ctio
n m
easu
res
to p
rote
ct w
ater
way
s m
ay in
clud
e ad
ditio
nal b
uffe
rs
and
filte
r st
rips,
or
mod
ified
har
vest
ing
with
in p
arts
of a
cou
pe.
Logg
ing
tech
niqu
es s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
ned
for
stee
p sl
opes
(suc
h as
cab
le lo
ggin
g)
may
be
used
to m
inim
ise
soil
mov
emen
t.
Oth
er s
peci
al re
quire
men
ts fo
r w
ater
qua
lity
and
soil
prot
ectio
n m
ay b
e se
t out
in
a re
gion
al r
iver
hea
lth s
trat
egy,
or
a w
ater
-qua
lity
plan
pre
pare
d by
the
rele
vant
C
atch
men
t Man
agem
ent A
utho
rity
(CM
A) o
r M
elbo
urne
Wat
er. T
hese
pla
ns m
ay
prov
ide
guid
ance
on
addi
tiona
l pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s.
3.2.
1.6
To th
e m
axim
um e
xten
t pos
sibl
e, e
xclu
de ro
ads
and
snig
trac
ks fr
om a
quat
ic a
nd
ripar
ian
habi
tats
.
3.2.
1.7
Whe
re c
ross
ings
are
requ
ired,
min
imis
e th
e ex
tent
of h
abita
t dam
age,
con
stric
tion
to
stre
am fl
ow a
nd b
arrie
rs to
fish
and
oth
er a
quat
ic fa
una.
For
guid
ance
, see
fish
pas
sage
requ
irem
ents
for w
ater
way
cro
ssin
gs (N
SW
Fis
herie
s 20
03),
at h
ttp:
//w
ww
.dpi
.nsw
.gov
.au/
__da
ta/a
sset
s/pd
f_fil
e/00
04/2
0269
3/W
hy-d
o-fis
h-ne
ed-t
o-cr
oss-
the-
road
_boo
klet
3.2.
1.8
Rem
ove
tem
pora
ry c
ross
ings
imm
edia
tely
afte
r ha
rves
ting
or a
ny s
ubse
quen
t re
gene
ratio
n w
ork
for
whi
ch th
ey a
re re
quire
d us
ing
a te
chni
que
that
min
imis
es s
oil
and
habi
tat d
istu
rban
ce.
Min
imis
ing
wat
er p
ollu
tion
3.2.
1.9
Use
dra
inag
e, a
rtifi
cial
str
uctu
res,
buf
fers
and
filte
rs o
f effe
ctiv
e w
idth
to s
low
and
di
sper
se s
urfa
ce fl
ows
and
depo
sit s
edim
ent b
efor
e re
achi
ng w
ater
way
s.
3.2.
1.10
Unl
ess
othe
rwis
e ap
prov
ed o
n th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan,
loca
te c
oupe
infra
stru
ctur
e,
road
s an
d ot
her
activ
ities
that
gen
erat
e se
dim
ent a
nd o
ther
pot
entia
l pol
luta
nts
in
plac
es w
here
ris
k of
ent
ry in
to w
ater
way
s is
low
est.
Was
te o
il, a
ll em
pty
drum
s, d
isca
rded
mac
hine
ry p
arts
and
oth
er w
aste
mus
t be
rem
oved
from
the
fore
st. T
here
may
be
spec
ial d
ispo
sal f
acilit
ies
avai
labl
e fo
r di
spos
al
of s
uch
item
s.
App
ropr
iate
Aus
tral
ian
stan
dard
s fo
r th
e st
orag
e an
d ha
ndlin
g of
fuel
s, s
uch
as
AS
1940
, pro
vide
det
aile
d pr
actic
al g
uida
nce
to m
inim
ise
the
risk
of fu
el s
pills
.
3.2.
1.11
Min
imis
e th
e ex
tent
and
dur
atio
n of
soi
l dis
turb
ance
adj
acen
t and
with
in w
ater
way
s.
3.2.
1.12
Use
man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
suc
h as
mod
ified
har
vest
ing
tech
niqu
es, s
ched
ulin
g, w
et
wea
ther
sus
pens
ions
or
prog
ress
ive
reha
bilit
atio
n to
min
imis
e po
tent
ial f
or s
edim
ents
an
d ot
her
pollu
tant
s to
mov
e in
to s
trea
ms.
3.2.
1.13
Des
ign,
con
stru
ct a
nd m
aint
ain
road
s, c
ross
ings
, cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure
and
drai
nage
st
ruct
ures
to w
ithst
and
antic
ipat
ed r
ainf
all e
vent
s an
d tr
affic
con
ditio
ns, a
nd p
rote
ct
wat
er q
ualit
y.
14 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.2.
1.14
Ens
ure
chem
ical
use
is a
ppro
pria
te to
the
circ
umst
ance
s an
d ta
kes
into
acc
ount
the
mai
nten
ance
of w
ater
qua
lity.
Whe
re p
estic
ides
are
use
d, a
pes
ticid
e ap
plic
atio
n pl
an m
ay b
e pr
epar
ed th
at
spec
ifies
the
targ
et p
est(s
), ch
emic
al(s
), ta
rget
are
a(s)
, app
licat
ion
rate
(s) a
nd
met
hod(
s) a
nd o
pera
tiona
l con
trol
(s) t
hat w
ill be
ado
pted
to m
inim
ise
unin
tend
ed
off-
targ
et a
nd o
ff-si
te im
pact
s, in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
prod
uct l
abel
.
The
fact
shee
t Her
bici
des:
gui
delin
es fo
r use
in a
nd a
roun
d w
ater
pre
pare
d by
the
Coo
pera
tive
Res
earc
h C
entr
e fo
r A
ustr
alia
n W
eed
Man
agem
ent p
rovi
des
usef
ul
guid
elin
es fo
r th
e ap
prop
riate
use
of h
erbi
cide
s to
con
trol
wee
ds n
ear
wat
erw
ays.
Pes
ticid
e w
aste
and
dis
posa
l of d
rum
s ca
n be
und
erta
ken
thro
ugh
the
drum
MU
STE
R
and
Che
mC
lear
pro
gram
s.
Mai
nta
inin
g s
oil p
rod
uct
ive
cap
acit
y
3.2.
1.15
Min
imis
e po
tent
ial f
or s
oil e
rosi
on a
nd m
ass
mov
emen
t by
plan
ning
and
usi
ng
oper
atio
nal m
etho
ds a
nd re
stric
tions
app
ropr
iate
to th
e so
il er
osio
n ris
k an
d sl
ope.
Logg
ing
tech
niqu
es s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
ned
for
stee
p sl
opes
(suc
h as
cab
le lo
ggin
g)
may
be
used
to m
inim
ise
soil
mov
emen
t.
3.2.
1.16
Loca
te c
oupe
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d ro
ads
to m
inim
ise
soil
eros
ion
and
degr
adat
ion.
3.2.
1.17
Use
app
ropr
iate
equ
ipm
ent,
tech
niqu
es a
nd o
pera
tiona
l man
agem
ent t
o m
inim
ise
soil
rutt
ing,
mix
ing
and
com
pact
ion.
3.2.
1.18
Lim
it th
e ar
ea o
f soi
l affe
cted
by
coup
e in
frast
ruct
ure
to th
e m
inim
um re
quire
d to
saf
ely
com
plet
e tim
ber
prod
uctio
n to
the
requ
ired
stan
dard
.
3.2.
1.19
Em
ploy
tops
oil c
onse
rvat
ion
tech
niqu
es in
are
as a
ffect
ed b
y co
upe
infra
stru
ctur
e.
3.2.
1.20
Mai
ntai
n ef
fect
ive
drai
nage
of c
oupe
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d ro
ads.
3.2.
1.21
Ens
ure
chem
ical
use
is a
ppro
pria
te to
the
circ
umst
ance
s an
d ta
kes
into
acc
ount
the
mai
nten
ance
of s
oil p
rodu
ctiv
e ca
paci
ty.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 15
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.2.
2C
ons
erva
tion
of
bio
div
ersi
ty
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Pla
nnin
g, h
arve
stin
g, ro
adin
g an
d si
lvic
ultu
ral o
pera
tions
in p
rivat
e na
tive
fore
sts
spec
ifica
lly a
ddre
ss th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
bio
dive
rsity
, in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith re
leva
nt
legi
slat
ion
and
Reg
ulat
ions
, and
con
side
ring
rele
vant
sci
entifi
c kn
owle
dge.
Har
vest
ed n
ativ
e fo
rest
is m
anag
ed to
ens
ure
that
the
fore
st is
rege
nera
ted
and
the
biod
iver
sity
of t
he n
ativ
e fo
rest
is p
erpe
tuat
ed.
The
natu
ral fl
oris
tic c
ompo
sitio
n an
d re
pres
enta
tive
gene
poo
ls a
re m
aint
aine
d w
hen
rege
nera
ting
nativ
e fo
rest
s by
usi
ng a
ppro
pria
te s
eed
sour
ces
and
mix
es o
f dom
inan
t sp
ecie
s.
The
obje
ctiv
e of
hab
itat r
eten
tion
mea
sure
s is
to fa
cilit
ate
the
cont
inue
d oc
cupa
tion
or
reco
loni
satio
n by
all
spec
ies
that
are
like
ly to
hav
e oc
curr
ed in
the
area
, prio
r to
tim
ber
harv
estin
g. T
hus,
no
part
of t
he h
arve
sted
are
a w
ill be
com
e pe
rman
ently
uns
uita
ble
for
any
spec
ies
likel
y to
hav
e be
en re
side
nt, o
r ha
ve b
een
a re
gula
r vi
sito
r to
the
stan
d be
fore
it w
as h
arve
sted
.
Opp
ortu
nitie
s to
impr
ove
the
prot
ectio
n of
thre
aten
ed s
peci
es o
r ha
bita
t val
ues
may
in
clud
e re
serv
ing
furt
her
stra
tegi
c ar
eas
from
har
vest
ing,
or
mod
ifyin
g ha
rves
ting
and
silv
icul
tura
l tec
hniq
ues
to a
chie
ve s
peci
fic c
onse
rvat
ion
obje
ctiv
es.
Whe
re v
eget
atio
n is
reta
ined
, con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
bot
h th
e pr
otec
tion
of
reta
ined
veg
etat
ion
durin
g ha
rves
ting
and
subs
eque
nt m
anag
emen
t, an
d th
e ef
fect
of
reta
ined
veg
etat
ion
on th
e gr
owth
of f
utur
e cr
op tr
ees.
Str
eam
side
buf
fers
may
bot
h pr
otec
t wat
er q
ualit
y an
d ac
t as
a w
ildlif
e co
rrid
or.
How
ever
, the
nee
d fo
r co
rrid
ors
alon
g or
acr
oss
othe
r to
pogr
aphi
c fe
atur
es w
ill ar
ise
and
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
in re
latio
n to
the
fore
st ty
pe a
nd fa
una
pres
ent.
The
follo
win
g ap
proa
ches
sho
uld
be c
onsi
dere
d to
faci
litat
e pr
otec
tion
of b
iodi
vers
ity
valu
es:
• ap
plic
atio
n of
pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s sp
ecifi
ed in
rele
vant
Flo
ra a
nd F
auna
Gua
rant
ee
Act
198
8 ac
tion
stat
emen
ts, a
s ap
plic
able
to p
rivat
e la
nd
• us
e of
wild
life
corr
idor
s, c
ompr
ised
of a
ppro
pria
te w
idth
s of
reta
ined
fore
st,
to fa
cilit
ate
faun
a m
ovem
ent b
etw
een
patc
hes
of fo
rest
of v
aryi
ng a
ges
and
stag
es
of d
evel
opm
ent
• re
tent
ion
of h
abita
t tre
es o
r pa
tche
s an
d lo
ng-li
ved
unde
rsto
rey
elem
ents
in
appr
opria
te n
umbe
rs a
nd c
onfig
urat
ions
, and
pro
visi
on fo
r re
plac
emen
t of
old
hollo
w-b
earin
g tr
ees
with
in o
r ar
ound
cou
pes;
con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
bot
h th
e pr
otec
tion
of h
abita
t tre
es d
urin
g ha
rves
ting
and
subs
eque
nt
man
agem
ent,
and
to th
e ef
fect
of r
etai
ned
tree
s on
the
grow
th o
f fut
ure
crop
tree
s
• pr
ovid
ing
appr
opria
te u
ndis
turb
ed b
uffe
r ar
eas
arou
nd id
entifi
ed s
igni
fican
t hab
itats
• m
odify
ing
coup
e si
ze a
nd d
ispe
rsal
in th
e la
ndsc
ape,
and
rota
tion
perio
ds, w
here
po
ssib
le a
nd a
s ap
prop
riate
Loca
l gov
ernm
ents
, and
DEP
I, m
ay p
rovi
de fu
rthe
r inf
orm
atio
n to
ass
ist p
rivat
e la
nd
man
ager
s to
con
serv
e bi
odiv
ersi
ty d
urin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of T
imbe
r Har
vest
ing
Pla
ns.
16 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
Ad
dre
ssin
g b
iod
iver
sity
con
serv
atio
n r
isks
3.2.
2.1
Whe
re fi
re is
use
d in
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n, a
ll pr
actic
able
mea
sure
s m
ust b
e ta
ken
to
prot
ect a
ll ar
eas
excl
uded
from
har
vest
ing
from
the
impa
cts
of u
npla
nned
fire
.
3.2.
2.2
Rai
nfor
est c
omm
uniti
es in
Vic
toria
mus
t not
be
harv
este
d. R
ainf
ores
t com
mun
ities
mus
t be
pro
tect
ed fr
om th
e im
pact
s of
har
vest
ing
thro
ugh
the
use
of a
ppro
pria
te b
uffe
rs to
m
aint
ain
mic
rocl
imat
ic c
ondi
tions
and
pro
tect
from
dis
ease
and
oth
er d
istu
rban
ce.
Act
ion
stat
emen
t 23
8 un
der
the
Flor
a an
d Fa
una
Gua
rant
ee A
ct 1
988
only
app
lies
to r
ainf
ores
t com
mun
ities
list
ed in
that
sta
tem
ent.
For
rain
fore
st c
omm
uniti
es n
ot li
sted
in a
ctio
n st
atem
ent
238,
the
follo
win
g ra
info
rest
id
entifi
catio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
mea
sure
s ap
ply.
Defi
nit
ion
Rai
nfor
est i
s de
fined
eco
logi
cally
as
clos
ed (>
70%
pro
ject
ed fo
liage
cov
er),
broa
dlea
ved
fore
st v
eget
atio
n w
ith a
mor
e-or
-less
con
tinuo
us r
ainf
ores
t tre
e ca
nopy
of
var
iabl
e he
ight
, and
with
a c
hara
cter
istic
com
posi
tion
of s
peci
es a
nd li
fe fo
rms.
Rai
nfor
est i
nclu
des
clos
ed tr
ansi
tiona
l and
ser
al c
omm
uniti
es, w
ith e
mer
gent
eu
caly
pts,
that
are
of s
imila
r bo
tani
cal c
ompo
sitio
n to
mat
ure
rain
fore
sts
in w
hich
eu
caly
pts
are
abse
nt.
Rai
nfo
rest
can
opy
spec
ies
Rai
nfor
est c
anop
y sp
ecie
s ar
e de
fined
as
shad
e-to
lera
nt tr
ee s
peci
es w
hich
are
abl
e to
rege
nera
te b
elow
an
undi
stur
bed
cano
py, o
r in
sm
all c
anop
y ga
ps re
sulti
ng fr
om
loca
lly re
curr
ing
min
or d
istu
rban
ces,
suc
h as
isol
ated
win
dthr
ow o
r lig
htni
ng s
trik
e,
whi
ch a
re p
art o
f the
rai
nfor
est e
cosy
stem
. Suc
h sp
ecie
s ar
e no
t dep
ende
nt o
n fir
e fo
r th
eir
rege
nera
tion.
In E
ast G
ipps
land
, war
m te
mpe
rate
rai
nfor
est c
anop
y sp
ecie
s ar
e:•
Acm
ena
smith
ii (li
lly p
illy)
• Tr
ista
niop
sis
laur
ina
(kan
uka)
• P
ittos
poru
m u
ndul
atum
(sw
eet p
ittos
poru
m)
• A
caci
a m
elan
oxyl
on (b
lack
woo
d)•
Elae
ocar
pus
retic
ulat
es (b
lue
oliv
e be
rry)
• M
yrsi
ne h
owitt
iana
(mut
tonw
ood)
• C
issu
s hy
pogl
auca
(jun
gle
grap
e).
Not
e: F
or th
e pu
rpos
es o
f thi
s de
finiti
on ju
ngle
gra
pe is
defi
ned
as a
can
opy
rain
fore
st tr
ee, p
rovi
ded
that
th
e vi
ne is
act
ually
pos
ition
ed w
ithin
the
tree
cano
py.
In th
e C
entr
al H
ighl
ands
and
Sou
th G
ipps
land
, coo
l tem
pera
te r
ainf
ores
t can
opy
spec
ies
are:
• N
otho
fagu
s cu
nnin
gham
ii (m
yrtle
bee
ch)
• A
ther
ospe
rma
mos
chat
um (s
outh
ern
sass
afra
s)•
Aca
cia
mel
anox
ylon
(bla
ckw
ood)
• P
ittos
poru
m b
icol
or (b
anya
lla)
• Ta
sman
nia
lanc
eola
ta (m
ount
ain
pepp
er)
• Le
ptos
perm
um g
rand
ifoliu
m (m
ount
ain
tea-
tree)
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 17
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
Ad
dre
ssin
g b
iod
iver
sity
con
serv
atio
n r
isks
3.2.
2.1
Whe
re fi
re is
use
d in
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n, a
ll pr
actic
able
mea
sure
s m
ust b
e ta
ken
to
prot
ect a
ll ar
eas
excl
uded
from
har
vest
ing
from
the
impa
cts
of u
npla
nned
fire
.
3.2.
2.2
Rai
nfor
est c
omm
uniti
es in
Vic
toria
mus
t not
be
harv
este
d. R
ainf
ores
t com
mun
ities
mus
t be
pro
tect
ed fr
om th
e im
pact
s of
har
vest
ing
thro
ugh
the
use
of a
ppro
pria
te b
uffe
rs to
m
aint
ain
mic
rocl
imat
ic c
ondi
tions
and
pro
tect
from
dis
ease
and
oth
er d
istu
rban
ce.
Act
ion
stat
emen
t 23
8 un
der
the
Flor
a an
d Fa
una
Gua
rant
ee A
ct 1
988
only
app
lies
to r
ainf
ores
t com
mun
ities
list
ed in
that
sta
tem
ent.
For
rain
fore
st c
omm
uniti
es n
ot li
sted
in a
ctio
n st
atem
ent
238,
the
follo
win
g ra
info
rest
id
entifi
catio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
mea
sure
s ap
ply.
Defi
nit
ion
Rai
nfor
est i
s de
fined
eco
logi
cally
as
clos
ed (>
70%
pro
ject
ed fo
liage
cov
er),
broa
dlea
ved
fore
st v
eget
atio
n w
ith a
mor
e-or
-less
con
tinuo
us r
ainf
ores
t tre
e ca
nopy
of
var
iabl
e he
ight
, and
with
a c
hara
cter
istic
com
posi
tion
of s
peci
es a
nd li
fe fo
rms.
Rai
nfor
est i
nclu
des
clos
ed tr
ansi
tiona
l and
ser
al c
omm
uniti
es, w
ith e
mer
gent
eu
caly
pts,
that
are
of s
imila
r bo
tani
cal c
ompo
sitio
n to
mat
ure
rain
fore
sts
in w
hich
eu
caly
pts
are
abse
nt.
Rai
nfo
rest
can
opy
spec
ies
Rai
nfor
est c
anop
y sp
ecie
s ar
e de
fined
as
shad
e-to
lera
nt tr
ee s
peci
es w
hich
are
abl
e to
rege
nera
te b
elow
an
undi
stur
bed
cano
py, o
r in
sm
all c
anop
y ga
ps re
sulti
ng fr
om
loca
lly re
curr
ing
min
or d
istu
rban
ces,
suc
h as
isol
ated
win
dthr
ow o
r lig
htni
ng s
trik
e,
whi
ch a
re p
art o
f the
rai
nfor
est e
cosy
stem
. Suc
h sp
ecie
s ar
e no
t dep
ende
nt o
n fir
e fo
r th
eir
rege
nera
tion.
In E
ast G
ipps
land
, war
m te
mpe
rate
rai
nfor
est c
anop
y sp
ecie
s ar
e:•
Acm
ena
smith
ii (li
lly p
illy)
• Tr
ista
niop
sis
laur
ina
(kan
uka)
• P
ittos
poru
m u
ndul
atum
(sw
eet p
ittos
poru
m)
• A
caci
a m
elan
oxyl
on (b
lack
woo
d)•
Elae
ocar
pus
retic
ulat
es (b
lue
oliv
e be
rry)
• M
yrsi
ne h
owitt
iana
(mut
tonw
ood)
• C
issu
s hy
pogl
auca
(jun
gle
grap
e).
Not
e: F
or th
e pu
rpos
es o
f thi
s de
finiti
on ju
ngle
gra
pe is
defi
ned
as a
can
opy
rain
fore
st tr
ee, p
rovi
ded
that
th
e vi
ne is
act
ually
pos
ition
ed w
ithin
the
tree
cano
py.
In th
e C
entr
al H
ighl
ands
and
Sou
th G
ipps
land
, coo
l tem
pera
te r
ainf
ores
t can
opy
spec
ies
are:
• N
otho
fagu
s cu
nnin
gham
ii (m
yrtle
bee
ch)
• A
ther
ospe
rma
mos
chat
um (s
outh
ern
sass
afra
s)•
Aca
cia
mel
anox
ylon
(bla
ckw
ood)
• P
ittos
poru
m b
icol
or (b
anya
lla)
• Ta
sman
nia
lanc
eola
ta (m
ount
ain
pepp
er)
• Le
ptos
perm
um g
rand
ifoliu
m (m
ount
ain
tea-
tree)
.
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
In S
outh
Gip
psla
nd, w
arm
tem
pera
te r
ainf
ores
t can
opy
spec
ies
are:
• P
ittos
poru
m u
ndul
atum
(sw
eet p
ittos
poru
m)
• M
yrsi
ne h
owitt
iana
(mut
tonw
ood)
•
Aca
cia
mel
anox
ylon
(bla
ckw
ood)
.In
the
Otw
ays,
coo
l tem
pera
te r
ainf
ores
t can
opy
spec
ies
are:
• N
otho
fagu
s cu
nnin
gham
ii (m
yrtle
bee
ch)
• A
caci
a m
elan
oxyl
on (b
lack
woo
d).
Exc
lud
ed f
rom
th
e d
efin
itio
n o
f ra
info
rest
In a
ll ar
eas,
fore
st s
tand
s th
at a
re d
omin
ated
by
sing
le, n
on-d
iver
se s
tand
s of
the
follo
win
g sp
ecie
s, a
nd w
hich
con
tain
few
oth
er r
ainf
ores
t cha
ract
eris
tics,
are
not
co
nsid
ered
rai
nfor
est:
• A
caci
a m
elan
oxyl
on (b
lack
woo
d)•
Lept
ospe
rmum
gra
ndifo
lium
(mou
ntai
n te
a-tre
e)•
Pitt
ospo
rum
und
ulat
um (s
wee
t pitt
ospo
rum
)•
Tasm
anni
a xe
roph
ila s
ubsp
. rob
usta
(Err
inun
dra
pepp
er)
• Ta
sman
nia
lanc
eola
ta (m
ount
ain
pepp
er).
Fiel
d r
ecog
nit
ion
an
d d
elin
eati
on
Rai
nfor
est i
s re
cogn
ised
in th
e fie
ld a
s fo
rest
whe
re th
e pr
ojec
ted
folia
ge c
over
of t
he
broa
dlea
ved
tree
can
opy
is g
reat
er th
an 7
0%, a
nd is
con
trib
uted
to b
y on
e or
mor
e of
th
e ca
nopy
tree
spe
cies
list
ed a
bove
.
‘Pro
ject
ed fo
liage
cov
er’ i
s th
e pr
opor
tion
of g
roun
d co
vere
d by
the
vert
ical
pro
ject
ion
of fo
liage
and
bra
nche
s fro
m c
anop
y tr
ees.
Line
ar s
tand
s ar
e de
fined
as
stan
ds o
f rai
nfor
est w
hich
are
elo
ngat
ed a
nd w
hich
ar
e be
twee
n 20
m a
nd 4
0 m
wid
e. L
inea
r st
ands
of r
ainf
ores
t usu
ally
occ
ur a
long
dr
aina
ge li
nes
or s
mal
l str
eam
s. L
inea
r st
ands
may
be
over
shad
owed
by
euca
lypt
s fro
m th
e ad
join
ing
euca
lypt
fore
st.
The
min
imum
are
a fo
r re
cogn
ition
of a
rai
nfor
est s
tand
is 0
.1 h
a. T
he m
inim
um
narr
owes
t wid
th is
20
m (i
.e. 2
0 m
by
50 m
).
Pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s
Pro
tect
all
rain
fore
st fr
om ti
mbe
r ha
rves
ting,
as
follo
ws:
• E
xclu
de n
on-li
near
sta
nds
that
are
0.1
ha
or m
ore,
but
less
than
0.4
ha,
in s
ize
from
tim
ber
harv
estin
g. T
hese
sta
nds
do n
ot re
quire
a b
uffe
r.•
Exc
lude
line
ar s
tand
s th
at a
re a
t lea
st 0
.1 h
a bu
t are
less
than
0.2
ha
from
tim
ber
harv
estin
g. T
hese
sta
nds
do n
ot re
quire
a b
uffe
r.•
Exc
lude
line
ar s
tand
s eq
ual t
o or
exc
eedi
ng 0
.2 h
a fro
m ti
mbe
r ha
rves
ting.
P
rote
ct th
ese
stan
ds w
ith a
40m
buf
fer.
• E
xclu
de a
ll ra
info
rest
sta
nds
(incl
udin
g lin
ear
stan
ds) e
qual
to o
r ex
ceed
ing
0.4
ha
from
tim
ber
harv
estin
g. P
rote
ct th
ese
stan
ds w
ith a
40
m b
uffe
r.•
Dis
trib
ute
slas
h aw
ay fr
om re
tain
ed r
ainf
ores
t sta
nds
or b
uffe
rs.
18 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Mai
nta
inin
g n
atu
ral fl
oris
tic
com
pos
itio
n a
nd
rep
rese
nta
tive
gen
e p
ools
3.2.
2.3
Use
silv
icul
tura
l sys
tem
s th
at s
uit t
he e
colo
gica
l req
uire
men
ts o
f the
fore
st ty
pe.
3.2.
2.4
Reg
ener
ate
harv
este
d ar
eas
usin
g sp
ecie
s an
d pr
oven
ance
s na
tive
to th
e ar
ea.
3.2.
3F
ore
st H
ealth
Mai
ntai
ning
fore
st h
ealth
is im
port
ant f
or e
nsur
ing
the
long
-ter
m e
colo
gica
l int
egrit
y an
d pr
oduc
tivity
of f
ores
ts. F
ores
t hea
lth c
an b
e pr
omot
ed th
roug
h st
and
man
agem
ent
prac
tices
suc
h as
fire
app
licat
ion,
tim
ber
harv
estin
g, in
clud
ing
salv
age
fellin
g an
d th
inni
ng a
nd w
eed,
pes
t and
pat
hoge
n co
ntro
l. S
ome
activ
ities
may
requ
ire a
per
mit
from
rele
vant
pla
nnin
g au
thor
ities
.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Fore
st h
ealth
is m
onito
red
and
mai
ntai
ned
by e
mpl
oyin
g ap
prop
riate
pre
vent
ativ
e,
prot
ectiv
e an
d re
med
ial m
easu
res.
Che
mic
als
are
only
use
d w
here
app
ropr
iate
to th
e si
te c
ondi
tions
and
are
con
duct
ed
with
due
car
e fo
r th
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f for
est h
ealth
, wat
er q
ualit
y, b
iodi
vers
ity a
nd s
oil
valu
es.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.2.
3.1
Impl
emen
t app
ropr
iate
veh
icle
and
equ
ipm
ent h
ygie
ne p
reca
utio
ns w
hen
mov
ing
from
ar
eas
of k
now
n pe
st p
lant
, pes
t ani
mal
and
pat
hoge
n in
fest
atio
ns.
The
risks
pos
ed b
y pe
st p
lant
s, p
est a
nim
als
and
path
ogen
s an
d ot
her
envi
ronm
enta
l st
ress
es to
fore
st h
ealth
may
be
asse
ssed
regu
larly
and
sys
tem
atic
ally
so
that
pr
oble
ms
are
dete
cted
ear
ly a
nd a
ppro
pria
te re
med
ial s
trat
egie
s ar
e im
plem
ente
d.
Pre
-ope
ratio
ns s
urve
ys c
an in
clud
e so
il sa
mpl
ing
and
test
ing
for
soil-
born
e pa
thog
ens
as a
ppro
pria
te.
Vario
us a
spec
ts o
f for
est h
ealth
may
be
mon
itore
d an
d do
cum
ente
d (a
ided
by
phot
ogra
phic
reco
rds
as a
ppro
pria
te) i
n as
sess
men
ts, i
nclu
ding
cro
wn
and
folia
ge
cond
ition
, pre
senc
e of
dam
agin
g ag
ents
and
des
crip
tion
of d
amag
e le
vels
.
Was
hing
of m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent w
hen
mov
ing
betw
een
fore
st a
reas
may
ass
ist
in th
e co
ntro
l of t
he s
prea
d of
som
e pa
thog
ens
and
wee
ds.
Suc
cess
ful c
ontr
ol o
r m
anag
emen
t of f
ores
t hea
lth p
robl
ems
may
requ
ire c
oord
inat
ed
actio
n in
volv
ing
adja
cent
land
hold
ers
and
othe
r fo
rest
ow
ners
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 19
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.2.
3.2
Impl
emen
t app
ropr
iate
con
trol
act
ions
whe
re ti
mbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns h
ave
intr
oduc
ed o
r ex
acer
bate
d a
path
ogen
or
wee
d.
3.2.
3.3
Rep
ort t
he s
uspe
cted
intr
oduc
tion
of n
ew o
r un
know
n ex
otic
age
nts
to D
EP
I’s
Bio
secu
rity
sect
ion.
3.2.
3.4
Whe
re m
yrtle
wilt
fung
us (C
hala
ra a
ustr
alis
), C
inna
mon
Fun
gus
(Phy
toph
thor
a ci
nnam
omi)
or R
oot R
ot (A
rmilla
ria) i
s kn
own
to e
xist
, app
ly a
ppro
pria
te m
easu
res
to
min
imis
e th
e sp
read
of t
hese
pat
hoge
ns.
Gui
danc
e on
con
trol
mea
sure
s fo
r m
yrtle
wilt
can
be
foun
d in
the
rele
vant
act
ion
stat
emen
t un
der
the
Flor
a an
d Fa
una
Gua
rant
ee A
ct 1
988.
The
y in
clud
e av
oida
nce
of ro
ad c
onst
ruct
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
act
iviti
es th
at re
sult
in w
ound
ing
myr
tle b
eech
tr
ees
whe
reve
r po
ssib
le, b
ut e
spec
ially
in s
tand
s of
coo
l tem
pera
te r
ainf
ores
t whe
re
myr
tle b
eech
mak
es u
p m
ore
than
20%
of t
he r
ainf
ores
t can
opy.
3.2.
3.5
Ens
ure
chem
ical
use
is a
ppro
pria
te to
the
circ
umst
ance
s an
d ta
kes
into
acc
ount
the
mai
nten
ance
of b
iodi
vers
ity.
3.3
Roa
ding
for
timbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
nsTh
is s
ectio
n co
vers
the
plan
ning
, des
ign,
con
stru
ctio
n, m
aint
enan
ce a
nd u
se o
f pe
rman
ent a
nd te
mpo
rary
road
s fo
r ha
ulag
e an
d m
achi
nery
tran
spor
t. Th
is s
ectio
n do
es n
ot c
onsi
der
requ
irem
ents
for
snig
ging
and
forw
ardi
ng tr
acks
, whi
ch a
re c
over
ed
unde
r co
upe
infra
stru
ctur
e (s
ectio
n 3.
4.2)
.
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n ro
ads
have
the
pote
ntia
l to
crea
te s
igni
fican
t env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s,
part
icul
arly
on
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
. The
aim
of t
his
code
of p
ract
ice
is to
pr
otec
t a r
ange
of e
nviro
nmen
tal v
alue
s w
hile
allo
win
g ec
onom
ic ro
adin
g fo
r tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
, man
agem
ent p
urpo
ses
and
othe
r us
es.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
The
plan
ning
and
man
agem
ent o
f per
man
ent a
nd te
mpo
rary
road
s fo
r tim
ber
haul
age
and
mac
hine
ry tr
ansp
ort e
nsur
es th
at th
e ro
ads
are
fit fo
r in
tend
ed p
urpo
se, a
nd p
rote
ct
envi
ronm
enta
l and
cul
tura
l val
ues
and
the
safe
ty o
f roa
d us
ers.
3.3.
1R
oad
pla
nnin
g
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.3.
1.1
Roa
d pl
anni
ng a
nd d
esig
n fo
r ne
w a
nd s
ubst
antia
lly u
pgra
ded
road
s w
ithin
the
prop
erty
m
ust e
nsur
e th
e ro
ad is
ade
quat
e fo
r th
e in
tend
ed u
se, w
hile
ens
urin
g th
e pr
otec
tion
of
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d co
nser
vatio
n va
lues
, inc
ludi
ng r
iver
hea
lth.
3.3.
1.2
Roa
d pl
anni
ng m
ust:
i. lo
cate
road
s to
min
imis
e ris
ks to
env
ironm
enta
l val
ues,
par
ticul
arly
soi
l, w
ater
qua
lity
and
river
hea
lth, d
urin
g bo
th c
onst
ruct
ion
and
ongo
ing
road
use
ii.
time
cons
truc
tion
activ
ities
to m
inim
ise
risks
ass
ocia
ted
with
uns
uita
ble
wea
ther
co
nditi
ons.
20 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.3.
1.3
Exi
stin
g ro
ads
mus
t, w
here
pra
ctic
able
, be
used
for
acce
ss to
a c
oupe
or
wor
k si
te a
nd
to h
aul t
imbe
r, ex
cept
whe
re it
can
be
clea
rly d
emon
stra
ted
that
a n
ew o
r re
loca
ted
road
min
imis
es o
r re
mov
es e
xist
ing
thre
ats
to s
oil,
wat
er q
ualit
y or
bio
dive
rsity
.
3.3.
1.4
Pla
ns fo
r ro
ads
mus
t be
base
d on
fiel
d su
rvey
s to
ens
ure
all e
nviro
nmen
tally
sen
sitiv
e lo
catio
ns a
re id
entifi
ed a
nd a
ppro
pria
te d
esig
n an
d co
nstr
uctio
n te
chni
ques
ado
pted
.
3.3.
2R
oad
des
ign
Goo
d ro
ad d
esig
n is
vita
l to
min
imis
e co
nstr
uctio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce c
osts
, red
uce
envi
ronm
enta
l ris
k su
ch a
s im
pact
s to
wat
er q
ualit
y, im
prov
e ef
ficie
ncy
of h
aula
ge,
and
ensu
re p
ublic
saf
ety
is m
aint
aine
d. It
is im
port
ant w
hen
desi
gnin
g a
new
road
or
impr
ovem
ents
to a
n ex
istin
g ro
ad th
at w
ater
is m
oved
off
the
road
into
und
istu
rbed
ve
geta
tion
to re
duce
the
velo
city
(and
hen
ce e
rosi
vity
) of w
ater
, and
to p
rovi
de th
e gr
eate
st p
ossi
ble
infil
trat
ion
of w
ater
into
soi
l to
trap
sed
imen
ts b
efor
e di
scha
rge
into
w
ater
way
s.
Roa
d de
sign
incl
udes
the
cons
ider
atio
n of
road
loca
tion,
asp
ect,
shap
e, tr
affic
fre
quen
cy, t
ype
and
volu
me,
slo
pe, t
opog
raph
y, s
urfa
ce m
ater
ials
, as
wel
l as
road
in
frast
ruct
ure
incl
udin
g cu
lver
ts, d
rain
s, b
atte
rs, b
ridge
s an
d fo
rds.
Brid
ges
shou
ld b
e de
sign
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
AS
510
0 –
2004
Aus
tral
ian
Brid
ge
Des
ign
Cod
e.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.3.
2.1
New
or
upgr
aded
road
s m
ust b
e de
sign
ed to
a s
tand
ard
capa
ble
of c
arry
ing
antic
ipat
ed
traf
fic w
ith re
ason
able
saf
ety,
and
ens
urin
g th
e pr
otec
tion
of w
ater
qua
lity
and
river
he
alth
, and
bio
dive
rsity
con
serv
atio
n va
lues
.
Impo
rtan
t con
side
ratio
ns in
road
des
ign
are
the
seas
on o
f har
vest
ing,
tran
spor
t ne
eds,
con
stru
ctio
n st
anda
rds
spec
ified
in th
e pl
anni
ng s
chem
e (o
r a
perm
it is
sued
un
der
the
plan
ning
sch
eme)
and
the
wat
er q
ualit
y va
lues
to b
e pr
otec
ted.
Roa
d de
sign
sho
uld
seek
to in
crea
se th
e fre
quen
cy o
f roa
d dr
aina
ge in
are
as w
here
th
e ris
k of
soi
l ent
erin
g w
ater
way
s is
hig
h.
Roa
ds m
ay b
e de
sign
ed a
nd m
anag
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
:
• R
oad
clas
sific
atio
ns, g
eom
etric
des
igns
and
mai
nten
ance
sta
ndar
ds fo
r low
vo
lum
e ro
ads
(Giu
mm
arra
200
1)
• U
nsea
led
road
s m
anua
l: G
uide
lines
to g
ood
prac
tice
(AR
RB
200
0).
Brid
ges
shou
ld b
e de
sign
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
AS
510
0 –
2004
Aus
tral
ian
Brid
ge
Des
ign
Cod
e .
On
stee
p sl
opes
(gre
ater
than
20
degr
ees)
, eng
inee
ring
advi
ce w
ill as
sist
in m
inim
isin
g th
e ris
k of
road
failu
re.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 21
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Ro
ad d
rain
age
des
ign:
Exa
mp
le o
f g
oo
d in
dus
try
pra
ctic
e
Ro
ad d
rain
age
des
ign:
Exa
mp
le o
f g
oo
d in
dus
try
pra
ctic
e
22 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.3.
2.2
All
fill d
ispo
sal a
reas
and
em
bank
men
ts m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d de
sign
ed to
min
imis
e
soil
eros
ion,
mas
s so
il m
ovem
ent,
and
pote
ntia
l wat
er q
ualit
y de
terio
ratio
n.
3.3.
2.3
Str
eam
cro
ssin
gs m
ust b
e de
sign
ed a
ccor
ding
to tr
affic
requ
irem
ents
and
the
natu
re,
size
and
per
iod
of fl
ow (b
oth
pre
and
antic
ipat
ed p
ost-
harv
est)
and
char
acte
ristic
s of
th
e be
d an
d ba
nks
of th
e st
ream
.
Whe
re p
ossi
ble,
str
eam
cro
ssin
gs s
houl
d be
ade
quat
ely
elev
ated
and
low
app
roac
hes
mai
ntai
ned
, so
that
wat
er d
rain
s aw
ay fr
om th
e cr
ossi
ng p
oint
and
is d
isch
arge
d in
to
vege
tate
d ar
eas,
rat
her
than
flow
ing
dire
ctly
dow
n th
e cr
ossi
ng to
the
stre
am c
hann
el.
Pla
cing
gra
vel s
urfa
cing
with
a lo
w s
edim
ent-
gene
ratin
g po
tent
ial o
n th
e ro
ad a
rea
on
brid
ge a
ppro
ache
s (w
ithin
20
m),
and
on u
nsur
face
d br
idge
s or
cul
vert
s, w
ill as
sist
in
redu
cing
impa
cts
on w
ater
qua
lity.
Whe
re th
ere
are
exte
nded
ste
ep a
ppro
ache
s to
w
ater
way
s, e
xten
ding
the
leng
th o
f gra
vel s
urfa
cing
may
be
requ
ired.
3.3.
2.4
App
ropr
iate
dra
inag
e m
ust b
e pr
ovid
ed. S
paci
ng o
f dra
inag
e ou
tlets
alo
ng a
road
mus
t ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt o
f the
soi
l ero
dibi
lity,
the
rain
fall
eros
ivity
, and
the
prox
imity
of t
he ro
ad
to s
trea
ms.
Pla
cing
ade
quat
e dr
aina
ge s
truc
ture
s ap
prox
imat
ely
20 m
from
wat
erw
ays
will
allo
w
disc
harg
e on
to u
ndis
turb
ed v
eget
atio
n an
d m
axim
ise
the
flow
dis
tanc
e be
twee
n th
e dr
aina
ge o
utle
t and
the
wat
erw
ay.
3.3.
2.5
Ene
rgy
diss
ipat
ing
stru
ctur
es o
r si
lt tr
aps
mus
t be
used
whe
re n
eces
sary
to re
duce
w
ater
vel
ocity
and
trap
sed
imen
ts.
To a
void
turb
id w
ater
dis
char
ge in
to w
ater
way
s, e
nerg
y di
ssip
atin
g st
ruct
ures
, si
lt tr
aps
or o
ther
pro
tect
ive
mea
sure
s m
ay a
lso
be p
ut in
pla
ce to
dis
char
ge in
to
undi
stur
bed
vege
tatio
n.
Cul
vert
inst
alla
tio
n: E
xam
ple
of
go
od
ind
ustr
y p
ract
ice
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 23
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.3.
2.6
Dra
inag
e on
to e
xpos
ed e
rodi
ble
soil
or o
ver
fill s
lope
s m
ust b
e av
oide
d w
here
pos
sibl
e.
Str
uctu
res
and
eart
hwor
ks re
quire
d to
avo
id s
uch
disc
harg
es a
re to
be
iden
tified
dur
ing
plan
ning
and
con
stru
ctio
n as
requ
ired.
3.3.
3R
oad
co
nstr
uctio
n
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.3.
3.1
Roa
d co
nstr
uctio
n m
ust b
e co
nduc
ted
in a
man
ner
cons
iste
nt w
ith p
lans
and
des
igns
.P
erm
anen
t roa
d an
d te
mp
ora
ry r
oad
con
stru
ctio
n sh
ould
be
cond
ucte
d w
hen
rain
fall
and
soil
cond
ition
s m
inim
ise
the
risk
of e
rosi
on a
nd th
e po
tent
ial o
ff-si
te im
pact
on
wat
er q
ualit
y.
3.3.
3.2
All
fill d
ispo
sal a
reas
mus
t be
stab
ilised
and
reha
bilit
ated
whe
n no
long
er re
quire
d.
Whe
re re
vege
tatio
n is
use
d to
sta
bilis
e fil
ls o
r em
bank
men
ts, t
he s
peci
es m
ust b
e su
itabl
e fo
r th
e si
te a
nd ta
sk, a
nd w
here
pos
sibl
e in
dige
nous
to th
e ar
ea.
Sta
bilis
atio
n m
ay b
e ac
hiev
ed b
y m
easu
res
such
as,
but
not
lim
ited
to, r
eveg
etat
ion
and
use
of e
rosi
on c
ontr
ol m
ater
ials
. Add
ition
al in
form
atio
n ca
n be
foun
d in
Uns
eale
d ro
ads
man
ual:
Gui
delin
es to
goo
d pr
actic
e (A
RR
B 2
009)
.
3.3.
3.3
Ero
sion
and
sed
imen
t con
trol
mus
t be
an o
ngoi
ng a
ctiv
ity o
ver
the
dura
tion
of th
e co
nstr
uctio
n ac
tivity
, int
egra
ted
with
the
wor
ks s
ched
ule.
Roa
d co
nstr
uctio
n si
tes
mus
t not
be
left
unpr
otec
ted
betw
een
cons
truc
tion
activ
ities
, as
this
con
stitu
tes
an
unac
cept
able
wat
er p
ollu
tion
risk.
Ero
sion
from
ro
ad c
ons
truc
tion
site
s is
ofte
n do
min
ated
by
coar
se s
edim
ents
. Th
e us
e of
sed
imen
t tra
ps a
nd p
onds
, fol
low
ed b
y di
scha
rge
into
a v
eget
ated
are
a,
may
pro
vide
app
ropr
iate
wat
er tr
eatm
ent.
3.3.
3.4
Qua
rry
mat
eria
ls k
now
n to
be
infe
cted
with
any
pes
t pla
nt o
r pa
thog
en m
ust n
ot
be u
sed.
3.3.
3.5
Roa
d co
nstr
uctio
n m
ust e
nsur
e th
at:
i. di
stur
banc
e to
str
eam
bed
s an
d ba
nks
is k
ept t
o a
min
imum
ii.
soil
and
rock
fill
is n
ot p
ushe
d in
to s
trea
ms,
nor
pla
ced
into
a p
ositi
on w
here
ther
e
is a
ris
k th
at it
can
ero
de in
to a
str
eam
iii.
cem
ent,
raw
con
cret
e, s
oil fi
ll an
d ot
her
road
mak
ing
mat
eria
ls a
re n
ot s
pilt
into
w
ater
cour
ses
durin
g an
y co
nstr
uctio
n.
3.3.
4R
oad
mai
nten
ance
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.3.
4.1
Roa
ds u
sed
for
timbe
r ha
ulag
e m
ust b
e m
aint
aine
d to
min
imis
e er
osio
n an
d pr
otec
t w
ater
qua
lity
and
othe
r en
viro
nmen
tal v
alue
s.
3.3.
4.2
Roa
d dr
aina
ge s
yste
ms
mus
t be
mai
ntai
ned
to m
inim
ise
eros
ion
and
the
disc
harg
e of
se
dim
ent i
nto
wat
erw
ays.
3.3.
4.3
Bla
ding
-off
of ro
ads
is o
nly
perm
itted
whe
re m
easu
res
are
in p
lace
to p
reve
nt p
oten
tial
adve
rse
impa
cts
on w
ater
qua
lity
and
whe
re e
ffect
ive
side
dra
inag
e ca
n be
mai
ntai
ned.
24 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.3.
5S
usp
ensi
on
of
haul
age
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.3.
5.1
Hea
vy v
ehic
le tr
affic
mus
t not
use
road
s in
priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
s w
hen
pers
iste
nt w
et
wea
ther
or
road
sta
bilit
y co
mpr
omis
e ro
ad d
rain
age
and
wat
er q
ualit
y.
3.3.
5.2
Hea
vy v
ehic
le tr
affic
mus
t not
use
road
s in
priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
s w
hen
pers
iste
nt d
ry
wea
ther
cau
ses
the
surfa
ce m
ater
ials
to u
nrav
el to
a d
egre
e th
at p
oses
a th
reat
to w
ater
qu
ality
, in
the
abse
nce
of s
uita
ble
prev
entiv
e or
rem
edia
l act
ions
to m
anag
e th
e ris
k to
w
ater
qua
lity.
3.3.
6R
oad
clo
sure
Man
dat
ory
acti
on
3.3.
6.1
Roa
ds n
o lo
nger
requ
ired
for
timbe
r pr
oduc
tion
or o
ther
man
agem
ent p
urpo
ses,
m
ust b
e pe
rman
ently
clo
sed
and
effe
ctiv
ely
drai
ned.
S
tabi
lisat
ion
of c
lose
d ro
ads
can
be a
chie
ved
by m
easu
res
such
as,
but
not
lim
ited
to, r
eveg
etat
ion
and
the
use
of e
rosi
on c
ontr
ol m
ater
ials
. Sec
tion
3.5.
1 of
the
code
co
vers
app
ropr
iate
reha
bilit
atio
n ac
tiviti
es.
3.4
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g3.
4.1
Tim
ber
har
vest
ing
op
erat
ions
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g is
con
duct
ed in
a m
anne
r ap
prop
riate
to th
e si
te, t
o m
anag
e th
e im
pact
on
soil,
wat
er a
nd o
ther
val
ues,
incl
udin
g bi
odiv
ersi
ty a
nd c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge.
Dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns, t
imbe
r pr
oduc
tion
oper
atio
ns a
re m
odifi
ed
or w
here
nec
essa
ry s
uspe
nded
to m
inim
ise
risks
to s
oil a
nd w
ater
qua
lity
valu
es.
Not
ifica
tion
of a
djoi
ning
land
hold
ers
that
may
be
affe
cted
by
timbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns m
ay a
ssis
t in
the
early
reso
lutio
n of
any
dis
pute
s.
Con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
the
Env
ironm
ent P
rote
ctio
n A
utho
rity’
s In
terim
gu
idel
ines
for c
ontro
l of n
oise
from
indu
stry
in c
ount
ry V
icto
ria.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.4.
1.1
All
timbe
r ha
rves
ting,
incl
udin
g th
inni
ng, m
ust b
e co
nsis
tent
with
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n.
Cou
pe
bou
nd
arie
s
3.4.
1.2
The
loca
tion
of c
oupe
bou
ndar
ies,
buf
fers
, exc
lusi
on a
reas
and
are
as w
here
spe
cial
m
anag
emen
t app
lies
mus
t be
easi
ly d
istin
guis
habl
e in
the
field
.
3.4.
1.3
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g m
ust o
nly
occu
r w
ithin
the
desi
gnat
ed b
ound
arie
s of
the
coup
e as
in
dica
ted
on th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
and
whe
re re
quire
d, m
arke
d in
the
field
, unl
ess
the
oper
atio
n is
spe
cific
ally
exe
mpt
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
this
cod
e.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 25
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.4.
1.4
Tim
ber
mus
t be
dire
cted
to fa
ll w
ithin
the
coup
e bo
unda
ry u
nles
s un
safe
to d
o so
. A
dec
isio
n to
fall
outs
ide
the
coup
e bo
unda
ry m
ust b
e do
cum
ente
d on
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n.
Tim
ber
har
vest
ing
wit
hin
bu
ffer
s
3.4.
1.5
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
are
not
per
mitt
ed in
buf
fers
or
excl
usio
n ar
eas
(iden
tified
on
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n), e
xcep
t whe
re th
e lim
ited
rem
oval
of t
he m
inim
um
num
ber
of tr
ees
is n
eces
sary
for:
i. th
e pr
otec
tion
of w
orke
r sa
fety
; or
ii.
the
cons
truc
tion
of ro
ads
or s
trea
m c
ross
ings
.
Rem
oval
of t
rees
from
thes
e ar
eas
mus
t be
note
d on
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n.
3.4.
1.6
Buf
fers
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d fro
m d
amag
e ca
used
by
tree
s fe
lled
in a
djac
ent a
reas
. Tre
es
acci
dent
ally
felle
d in
to b
uffe
rs m
ay b
e re
mov
ed if
sig
nific
ant d
amag
e an
d di
stur
banc
e of
so
il an
d ve
geta
tion
in th
e bu
ffer
can
be a
void
ed.
3.4.
1.7
Mac
hine
ry m
ust n
ot e
nter
a b
uffe
r ar
ea e
xcep
t for
the
cons
truc
tion
and
use
of s
trea
m
cros
sing
s sp
ecifi
ed in
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n.
3.4.
1.8
Pus
hing
of fi
ll or
har
vest
ing
debr
is in
to a
buf
fer
or c
onst
ruct
ion
of d
rain
str
uctu
res
with
in
a bu
ffer
is n
ot p
erm
itted
exc
ept f
or c
onst
ruct
ion
of a
n ap
prov
ed s
trea
m c
ross
ing.
Tim
ber
har
vest
ing
wit
hin
filt
er s
trip
s
3.4.
1.9
Tree
s m
ay b
e fe
lled
from
with
in fi
lter
strip
s. T
he fe
lling
of tr
ees
into
filte
r st
rips
mus
t be
avoi
ded
whe
re p
ossi
ble.
3.4.
1.10
Dis
turb
ance
to s
oil a
nd u
nder
stor
ey v
eget
atio
n fro
m h
arve
stin
g op
erat
ions
in fi
lter
strip
s m
ust b
e m
inim
ised
.
3.4.
1.11
Mac
hine
ry m
ust n
ot e
nter
a fi
lter
strip
exc
ept f
or th
e co
nstr
uctio
n an
d us
e of
str
eam
cr
ossi
ngs
spec
ified
in th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
3.4.
1.12
Pus
hing
of fi
ll or
har
vest
ing
debr
is in
to a
filte
r st
rip is
not
per
mitt
ed e
xcep
t for
co
nstr
uctio
n of
an
appr
oved
str
eam
cro
ssin
g.
Tim
ber
har
vest
ing
on
ste
ep s
lop
es
3.4.
1.13
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
mus
t not
occ
ur o
n sl
opes
whe
re th
e op
erat
ion
cann
ot
be c
ondu
cted
saf
ely,
thre
aten
s th
e st
abilit
y of
the
soil
or h
as h
igh
pote
ntia
l for
adv
erse
of
f-si
te e
ffect
s. T
he p
oten
tial f
or m
ass
soil
mov
emen
t mus
t be
asse
ssed
and
nec
essa
ry
prev
entiv
e ac
tions
und
erta
ken.
26 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.4.
1.14
On
slop
es w
ith a
hig
h so
il er
osio
n ha
zard
or
whe
re th
ere
is a
n as
sess
ed r
isk
of m
ass
soil
mov
emen
t, ad
ditio
nal m
easu
res
mus
t be
take
n to
avo
id m
ovem
ent o
f soi
l int
o st
ream
s,
such
as
mod
ifica
tion
to h
arve
stin
g m
etho
ds o
r in
crea
sing
of t
he w
idth
s of
buf
fers
and
fil
ter
strip
s.
3.4.
1.15
Logg
ing
tech
niqu
es s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
ned
for
stee
p sl
opes
(suc
h as
cab
le lo
ggin
g) m
ay
be u
sed
on a
ll st
eep
slop
es (e
xcee
ding
30
degr
ees)
whe
re th
e ar
ea is
ass
esse
d as
be
ing
capa
ble
of s
uppo
rtin
g ha
rves
ting
activ
ities
with
out r
isk
of s
oil m
ovem
ent.
3.4.
1.16
On
slop
es w
ith a
hig
h so
il er
osio
n ha
zard
or
whe
re th
ere
is a
n as
sess
ed r
isk
of m
ass
soil
mov
emen
t, ad
ditio
nal m
easu
res
mus
t be
take
n to
avo
id m
ovem
ent o
f soi
l int
o st
ream
s,
such
as
mod
ifica
tion
to h
arve
stin
g m
etho
ds o
r in
crea
sing
of t
he w
idth
s of
buf
fers
and
fil
ter
strip
s.
3.4.
2C
oup
e in
fras
truc
ture
Cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure
incl
udes
log
land
ings
and
dum
ps, s
nigg
ing
and
forw
ardi
ng tr
acks
us
ed a
s pa
rt o
f the
tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ion.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.4.
2.1
Log
land
ings
and
dum
ps m
ust n
ot b
e lo
cate
d w
ithin
are
as e
xclu
ded
from
har
vest
ing.
3.4.
2.2
Cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure
mus
t be
reha
bilit
ated
on
com
plet
ion
of ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion,
whe
re
not r
equi
red
for
futu
re ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion,
usi
ng re
habi
litat
ion
tech
niqu
es th
at p
rovi
de
suita
ble
soil
cond
ition
s fo
r th
e re
gene
ratio
n an
d gr
owth
of v
eget
atio
n ex
istin
g on
the
site
pr
ior
to h
arve
stin
g. R
efer
to s
ectio
n 3.
5 of
this
cod
e.
Reh
abilit
atin
g co
upe
infra
stru
ctur
e at
the
earli
est p
ossi
ble
oppo
rtun
ity, i
nclu
ding
whi
le
othe
r pa
rts
of th
e co
upe
may
be
oper
atio
nal,
will
redu
ce r
isks
to w
ater
qua
lity.
3.4.
2.3
Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
trac
ks m
ust b
e pl
aced
at t
he g
reat
est p
ract
icab
le d
ista
nce
from
buf
fers
and
filte
r st
rips,
with
out c
ompr
omis
ing
oper
ator
saf
ety.
3.4.
2.4
Trac
ks m
ust h
ave
effe
ctiv
e dr
aina
ge to
pre
vent
soi
l ero
sion
. Cro
ss d
rain
s, w
here
use
d,
mus
t be
spac
ed a
nd a
ngle
d ac
cord
ing
to a
ny p
resc
riptio
ns in
pla
nnin
g sc
hem
es,
cond
ition
s of
any
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
or o
ther
app
rove
d pl
an to
pre
vent
sur
face
run
-off
and
subs
eque
nt d
isch
arge
of t
urbi
d w
ater
into
str
eam
s or
dra
inag
e lin
es.
Alig
nmen
t of s
nigg
ing
trac
ks a
nd fo
rwar
ding
trac
ks s
houl
d be
loca
ted
whe
re th
ey c
an
be e
ffect
ivel
y cr
oss-
drai
ned
and
out-
slop
ed.
App
ropr
iate
dra
inag
e of
sni
g tr
acks
may
incl
ude
out-
slop
ing,
cro
ss-d
rain
ing
or
plac
emen
t of a
sla
sh to
inte
rrup
t the
sur
face
wat
er fl
ow a
nd d
ispe
rse
it on
to
undi
stur
bed
or u
ncom
pact
ed a
reas
. Cro
ss d
rain
s sh
ould
be
spac
ed a
nd a
ngle
d ac
cord
ing
to lo
cal p
resc
riptio
ns (w
here
thes
e ex
ist),
acc
ordi
ng to
the
soil
eros
ion
haza
rd c
lass
.
Trac
ks d
esig
ned
with
min
imal
slo
pe a
nd c
ross
fall
will
assi
st d
rain
age.
Pre
fere
nce
shou
ld b
e gi
ven
to u
phill
snig
ging
usi
ng s
purs
and
rid
ge to
ps, w
here
pos
sibl
e.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 27
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.4.
2.5
Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
trac
ks m
ust n
ot b
e bl
aded
off
whe
re th
is w
ould
resu
lt in
an
adve
rse
impa
ct o
n w
ater
qua
lity
or th
e lo
ss o
f top
soil
from
the
site
.
3.4.
2.6
Reh
abilit
atio
n of
cou
pe in
frast
ruct
ure
mus
t be
asse
ssed
with
in th
ree
year
s of
initi
al
trea
tmen
t and
, whe
re fo
und
inad
equa
te, r
emed
ial a
ctio
n m
ust b
e ta
ken.
3.4.
3O
per
atio
nal r
estr
ictio
ns
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns, t
imbe
r pr
oduc
tion
is m
odifi
ed o
r w
here
ne
cess
ary
susp
ende
d to
min
imis
e ris
ks to
soi
l and
wat
er q
ualit
y va
lues
.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.4.
3.1
Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
ope
ratio
ns m
ust b
e su
spen
ded
whe
n si
gnifi
cant
rut
ting
is li
kely
to
be
caus
ed b
y m
achi
ne tr
affic
unl
ess
actio
ns a
re ta
ken
to re
duce
that
ris
k.
3.4.
3.2
Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
ope
ratio
ns m
ust b
e su
spen
ded
whe
n w
ater
beg
ins
to fl
ow
alon
g tr
acks
, thr
eate
ning
str
eam
wat
er q
ualit
y or
soi
l val
ues,
unl
ess
appr
opria
te re
med
ial
actio
ns h
ave
been
take
n to
pro
tect
thos
e va
lues
.
3.4.
3.3
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n on
land
ings
mus
t be
susp
ende
d w
hen
cont
inua
tion
wou
ld re
sult
in
sign
ifica
nt d
eter
iora
tion
of th
e la
ndin
g su
rface
cau
sing
incr
ease
d le
vels
of c
ompa
ctio
n or
m
ixin
g of
bar
k th
roug
h so
il on
the
land
ing
surfa
ce.
3.5
Fore
st re
gene
ratio
n an
d m
anag
emen
tTh
is s
ectio
n co
vers
the
rege
nera
tion
of p
rivat
e na
tive
fore
st a
nd th
e su
bseq
uent
m
anag
emen
t of s
uch
stan
ds, w
here
requ
ired.
Unl
ess
requ
ired
for
anot
her
appr
oved
pu
rpos
e, p
rivat
e na
tive
fore
sts
in V
icto
ria a
re to
be
succ
essf
ully
rege
nera
ted
to
appr
oxim
ate
the
orig
inal
fore
st c
ompo
sitio
n.
3.5.
1R
egen
erat
ion
Reg
ener
atio
n of
priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
s m
ust b
e in
acc
orda
nce
with
Per
mitt
ed c
lear
ing
of n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
– B
iodi
vers
ity a
sses
smen
t gui
delin
es (2
013)
an
inco
rpor
ated
do
cum
ent i
n th
e V
PP
s an
d al
l pla
nnin
g sc
hem
es.
28 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Har
vest
ed n
ativ
e fo
rest
is m
anag
ed to
ens
ure
that
the
fore
st is
rege
nera
ted
and
that
the
biod
iver
sity
of t
he n
ativ
e fo
rest
is p
erpe
tuat
ed.
The
natu
ral fl
oris
tic c
ompo
sitio
n an
d re
pres
enta
tive
gene
poo
ls a
re m
aint
aine
d w
hen
rege
nera
ting
nativ
e fo
rest
s by
usi
ng a
ppro
pria
te s
eed
sour
ces
and
mix
es o
f dom
inan
t sp
ecie
s.
A re
cept
ive
seed
bed
for
rege
nera
tion
may
be
achi
eved
by
burn
ing
harv
est d
ebris
, or
by
mec
hani
cal d
istu
rban
ce (e
ither
as
part
of t
imbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns, o
r fo
llow
ing
oper
atio
ns).
Bur
ning
of d
ebris
may
redu
ce th
e fir
e ha
zard
ass
ocia
ted
with
larg
e ac
cum
ulat
ions
of
flam
mab
le m
ater
ials
and
pro
mot
e th
e re
gene
ratio
n of
fire
-dep
ende
nt s
peci
es.
How
ever
, it m
ay a
lso
affe
ct th
e re
gene
ratio
n of
fire
-sen
sitiv
e sp
ecie
s. M
echa
nica
l d
istu
rban
ce m
ay h
ave
impa
cts
on s
oil o
r w
ater
-qua
lity
valu
es, a
nd o
n th
e re
gene
ratio
n of
som
e sp
ecie
s.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.5.
1.1
Act
ion
mus
t be
take
n to
sec
ure
the
rege
nera
tion
of h
arve
sted
cou
pes,
exc
ept w
here
:
i. th
e la
nd is
to b
e us
ed fo
r an
app
rove
d pu
rpos
e fo
r w
hich
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n is
not
co
mpa
tible
(for
exa
mpl
e, a
ppro
ved
serv
ices
and
infra
stru
ctur
e, a
nd s
truc
ture
s); o
r
ii.
timbe
r ha
s be
en h
arve
sted
by
thin
ning
a s
tand
; or
iii.
the
stoc
king
of s
eedl
ings
or
regr
owth
is a
sses
sed
as s
uffic
ient
thro
ugh
natu
ral
rege
nera
tion
proc
esse
s.
3.5.
1.2
Silv
icul
tura
l met
hods
for
rege
nera
tion
mus
t sui
t the
eco
logi
cal r
equi
rem
ents
of t
he fo
rest
ty
pe a
nd lo
cal c
ondi
tions
.Th
e re
gene
ratio
n of
und
erst
orey
spe
cies
sho
uld
be fa
cilit
ated
whe
re p
ossi
ble.
Har
vest
ing
and
rege
nera
tion
met
hods
that
pro
vide
app
ropr
iate
dis
turb
ance
to
unde
rsto
rey
elem
ents
to e
nsur
e th
eir
ongo
ing
surv
ival
or
prot
ect u
nder
stor
ey p
atch
es
may
ass
ist i
n re
gene
ratin
g th
is c
ompo
nent
of t
he fo
rest
str
uctu
re.
DE
PI m
aint
ains
gui
delin
es a
nd s
tand
ards
aga
inst
whi
ch re
gene
ratio
n m
ay b
e as
sess
ed, t
hat m
ay p
rovi
de a
use
ful r
efer
ence
for
fore
st m
anag
ers
and
oper
ator
s.
Whe
re n
atur
al s
eedf
all o
r ar
tifici
al s
owin
g is
use
d, s
urve
ys m
ay b
e co
nduc
ted
to
asse
ss th
e qu
ality
of t
he s
eedb
ed b
efor
e se
ed is
app
lied.
3.5.
1.3
Whe
re fi
re is
use
d in
rege
nera
tion
oper
atio
ns, a
ll pr
actic
able
mea
sure
s m
ust b
e ta
ken
to
prot
ect a
ll ar
eas
excl
uded
from
har
vest
ing
(incl
udin
g bu
ffers
and
filte
r st
rips)
.
3.5.
1.4
Priv
ate
nativ
e fo
rest
mus
t be
rege
nera
ted
follo
win
g tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
, with
sp
ecie
s na
tive
to th
e ar
ea, w
here
ver
poss
ible
usi
ng th
e sa
me
prov
enan
ces,
or
if no
t av
aila
ble,
from
an
ecol
ogic
ally
sim
ilar
loca
lity.
An
ecol
ogic
ally
sim
ilar
loca
lity
for
a sp
ecie
s is
from
a s
imila
r el
evat
ion,
asp
ect,
soil
type
and
/or
clim
ate,
pre
fera
bly
as c
lose
as
poss
ible
to th
e ha
rves
ted
area
.
3.5.
1.5
Exc
ept w
here
pas
t man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
may
hav
e al
tere
d sp
ecie
s co
mpo
sitio
n,
rege
nera
tion
oper
atio
ns m
ust a
im to
app
roxi
mat
e th
e co
mpo
sitio
n an
d sp
atia
l di
strib
utio
n of
can
opy
spec
ies
com
mon
to th
e co
upe
prio
r to
har
vest
ing,
whe
re th
ey
can
be d
eter
min
ed.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 29
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
3.5.
1.6
Whe
re m
echa
nica
l dis
turb
ance
is u
sed,
it m
ust b
e un
dert
aken
with
due
con
side
ratio
n of
er
osio
n ris
k po
tent
ial a
nd th
e pr
oxim
ity o
f wat
erw
ays
(refe
r to
sec
tion
3.2)
.
3.5.
2S
tock
ing
ass
essm
ent
and
rem
edia
l tre
atm
ent
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Sto
ckin
g an
d ea
rly s
eedl
ing
grow
th is
mon
itore
d an
d re
med
ial a
ctio
n is
take
n w
here
ne
cess
ary
to s
ucce
ssfu
lly re
gene
rate
har
vest
ed a
reas
of n
ativ
e fo
rest
s.W
here
sel
ectio
n (u
neve
n-ag
ed) s
ilvic
ultu
ral s
yste
ms
are
used
, sto
ckin
g as
sess
men
ts
shou
ld ta
ke a
ccou
nt o
f ret
aine
d tr
ees
and
thei
r im
pact
on
the
heal
th a
nd v
igou
r of
re
grow
th.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
3.5.
2.1
Sto
ckin
g on
har
vest
ed c
oupe
s m
ust b
e as
sess
ed w
ithin
thre
e ye
ars
of tr
eatm
ent,
to
dete
rmin
e w
heth
er re
gene
ratio
n ha
s be
en s
ucce
ssfu
lly a
chie
ved
and
to e
nsur
e th
at re
-tr
eatm
ent o
ccur
s w
here
nec
essa
ry.
3.5.
2.2
Whe
re s
tock
ing,
hea
lth o
r ea
rly g
row
th is
inad
equa
te, r
emed
ial w
ork
mus
t be
cond
ucte
d as
soo
n as
pra
ctic
able
to o
btai
n ad
equa
te re
gene
ratio
n. F
urth
er a
sses
smen
t mus
t be
unde
rtak
en fo
llow
ing
rem
edia
l tre
atm
ent.
3.5.
2.3
The
resu
lts o
f ass
essm
ent m
ust b
e re
cord
ed fo
r fu
ture
refe
renc
e.Th
e re
sults
of a
sses
smen
ts a
nd d
etai
ls o
f any
furt
her
silv
icul
tura
l tre
atm
ents
may
be
reco
rded
on
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
ns.
3.5.
3Te
ndin
g
Tend
ing
incl
udes
sta
nd im
prov
emen
t (su
ch a
s ov
erw
ood
rem
oval
or
redu
ctio
n), t
imbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns in
clud
ing
thin
ning
, fer
tilis
ing
and
othe
r si
lvic
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
to
prom
ote
stan
d he
alth
and
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n. A
ppro
pria
te a
ctio
n m
ay b
e ta
ken
to
tend
nat
ive
fore
st s
tand
s w
here
con
sist
ent w
ith e
nviro
nmen
tal s
afeg
uard
s an
d of
f-si
te
impa
cts
are
min
imis
ed.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
The
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty a
nd o
ther
val
ues
of th
e fo
rest
are
mai
ntai
ned
or e
nhan
ced
by
appr
opria
te te
ndin
g of
sta
nds.
Man
dat
ory
acti
on
3.5.
3.1
Tend
ing
oper
atio
ns m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d co
nduc
ted
in a
man
ner
that
min
imis
es
adve
rse
impa
cts
on a
reas
that
are
exc
lude
d fro
m h
arve
stin
g.
DE
PI h
as p
ublic
ly a
vaila
ble
stan
dard
s fo
r un
dert
akin
g co
mm
erci
al th
inni
ng in
var
ious
fo
rest
type
s, w
hich
priv
ate
fore
stry
ope
rato
rs m
ay w
ish
to a
dopt
.
30 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Pla
ntat
ions
are
man
aged
sta
nds
of tr
ees
of e
ither
nat
ive
or e
xotic
spe
cies
, pla
nted
or
sow
n pr
imar
ily fo
r tim
ber
prod
uctio
n pu
rpos
es. T
his
Cha
pter
app
lies
to ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
in a
ll pl
anta
tions
, exc
ept t
hose
man
aged
by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Env
ironm
ent
and
Prim
ary
Indu
strie
s (w
hich
are
sub
ject
to C
hapt
er T
wo)
.
Pla
ntat
ion
deve
lopm
ent i
s re
gula
ted
by th
e V
icto
ria P
lann
ing
Pro
visi
ons
(VP
P) a
nd a
pe
rmit
is g
ener
ally
not
requ
ired.
Ref
er to
you
r lo
cal p
lann
ing
sche
me
for
deta
ils. T
he
code
is a
n in
corp
orat
ed d
ocum
ent i
n th
e V
PP.
4.1
Pla
ntat
ion
plan
ning
and
des
ign
4.1.
1P
lant
atio
n p
lann
ing
and
des
ign
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Pla
ntat
ions
on
priv
ate
land
are
des
igne
d, m
anag
ed a
nd o
pera
ted
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith
this
cod
e.
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent i
s ap
prop
riate
ly in
form
ed o
f new
pla
ntat
ion
deve
lopm
ent o
n pr
ivat
e la
nd b
y th
e lo
dgem
ent o
f eith
er a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
or a
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit,
in
acc
orda
nce
with
this
cod
e.
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent p
lann
ing
sche
me
prov
isio
ns a
pply
ing
to th
e la
nd o
n w
hich
a n
ew
plan
tatio
n de
velo
pmen
t is
prop
osed
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
or
not a
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
is
requ
ired.
Whe
re a
per
mit
is re
quire
d, th
e pl
anta
tion
prop
onen
t nee
ds to
sub
mit
a pl
anni
ng
perm
it ap
plic
atio
n fo
r co
nsid
erat
ion
by th
e re
spon
sibl
e LG
A.
Whe
re a
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
is n
ot re
quire
d, th
e co
de re
quire
s th
at a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
is lo
dged
with
the
LGA
. The
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
sim
ply
notifi
es th
e LG
A th
at a
new
pla
ntat
ion
is b
eing
dev
elop
ed, w
here
as a
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
appl
icat
ion,
if re
quire
d, s
eeks
con
sent
to d
evel
op la
nd a
s a
plan
tatio
n.
A P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e al
erts
the
LGA
of t
he im
min
ent e
stab
lishm
ent o
f a
plan
tatio
n fo
r w
hich
it h
as c
ode
mon
itorin
g re
spon
sibi
litie
s un
der
the
plan
ning
sc
hem
e. It
als
o al
low
s th
e LG
A to
con
side
r in
adv
ance
the
impl
icat
ions
for
road
in
frast
ruct
ure
that
may
aris
e fro
m c
arta
ge a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith s
ubse
quen
t har
vest
ing
of
the
plan
tatio
n. A
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
is n
ot in
tend
ed a
s a
com
preh
ensi
ve
plan
ning
or
desi
gn in
stru
men
t, no
r do
es it
requ
ire a
ppro
val o
r en
dors
emen
t fro
m
the
LGA
bef
ore
plan
tatio
n de
velo
pmen
t pro
ceed
s. T
hus,
whi
le lo
dgem
ent o
f a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
is a
requ
irem
ent o
f the
cod
e, it
can
not b
e ex
pect
ed to
co
mpr
ehen
sive
ly d
emon
stra
te th
at in
tend
ed p
lant
atio
n es
tabl
ishm
ent (
or s
ubse
quen
t) pr
actic
es c
ompl
y w
ith a
ll th
e ap
plic
able
pro
visi
ons
of th
e co
de.
4.
Man
agem
ent
gui
del
ines
- p
lant
atio
ns
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 31
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.1.
1.1
Pla
ntat
ion
desi
gn m
ust t
ake
acco
unt o
f env
ironm
enta
l val
ues,
and
be
cons
iste
nt w
ith
rele
vant
fire
pro
tect
ion
requ
irem
ents
. Th
is a
ctio
n is
prim
arily
dire
cted
at n
ew (fi
rst r
otat
ion)
pla
ntat
ions
. The
opt
ions
for
desi
gn o
f sub
sequ
ent p
lant
atio
n ro
tatio
ns o
n th
e sa
me
site
may
be
cons
trai
ned
by
resi
dual
asp
ects
of p
revi
ous
plan
tatio
n de
sign
. How
ever
, with
in a
ny s
uch
cons
trai
nts,
co
nsid
erat
ion
of p
lant
atio
n de
sign
for
subs
eque
nt ro
tatio
ns s
houl
d co
nsid
er
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues,
and
be
cons
iste
nt w
ith re
leva
nt fi
re p
rote
ctio
n re
quire
men
ts,
but i
s no
t a m
anda
tory
act
ion.
Pla
ntat
ions
may
be
esta
blis
hed
with
any
spe
cies
that
mee
t the
obj
ectiv
es o
f the
gr
ower
, unl
ess
the
grow
ing
of th
at s
peci
es is
pro
hibi
ted
by th
e pr
ovis
ions
of a
ny la
ws
or re
gula
tions
.
‘Fire
pro
tect
ion
requ
irem
ents
’ mea
ns s
tatu
tory
or
oblig
ator
y re
quire
men
ts r
athe
r th
an re
com
men
datio
ns o
r gu
idel
ines
. The
Cou
ntry
Fire
Aut
horit
y (C
FA) h
as
reso
urce
s av
aila
ble
whi
ch p
rovi
de g
uida
nce
to p
rope
rty
owne
rs w
ith re
spec
t to
fire
man
agem
ent.
Whe
re a
pplic
able
, con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
mai
ntai
ning
acc
ess
for
utilit
y op
erat
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
veh
icle
s to
pow
er li
ne a
sset
s w
ithin
a p
lant
atio
n.
The
plan
tatio
n ow
ner’s
resp
onsi
bilit
y in
this
rega
rd is
lim
ited
to n
ot p
reve
ntin
g
acce
ss fo
r ut
ility
oper
atio
n an
d ea
sem
ent m
aint
enan
ce th
roug
h pl
anta
tion
plan
ning
an
d de
sign
. It i
s th
e po
wer
line
aut
horit
y’s
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
pro
vide
and
mai
ntai
n th
e ne
cess
ary
acce
ss in
frast
ruct
ure.
Pla
ntat
ion
plan
ning
sho
uld
also
con
side
r pr
ovid
ing
appr
opria
te s
etba
cks
from
pow
er li
nes,
to m
inim
ise
the
risk
of fa
lling
tree
s co
min
g
in c
onta
ct w
ith p
ower
line
s. A
dvic
e re
gard
ing
appr
opria
te c
lear
ance
s an
d ac
cess
may
be
sou
ght f
rom
the
rele
vant
dis
trib
utio
n au
thor
ity a
t the
des
ign
phas
e.
4.1.
1.2
For
new
pla
ntat
ions
whe
re a
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
is n
ot re
quire
d, a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t N
otic
e m
ust b
e lo
dged
with
the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent n
ot le
ss th
an 2
8 da
ys p
rior
to th
e co
mm
ence
men
t of s
ite p
repa
ratio
n. T
he 2
8 da
y m
inim
um lo
dgem
ent t
ime
may
be
wai
ved
with
the
agre
emen
t of t
he lo
cal g
over
nmen
t.
‘New
pla
ntat
ion’
is d
efine
d in
the
code
’s g
loss
ary
as a
‘pla
ntat
ion
deve
lopm
ent w
here
th
e pr
evio
us la
nd u
se w
as n
ot p
lant
atio
n.’
Thus
lodg
emen
t of a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
is o
nly
requ
ired
whe
n a
plan
tatio
n is
bei
ng e
stab
lishe
d fo
r th
e fir
st ti
me
(firs
t rot
atio
n) a
nd w
here
a p
lann
ing
perm
it is
not
requ
ired.
A P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e is
not
requ
ired
for
the
re-
esta
blis
hmen
t of s
ubse
quen
t rot
atio
ns o
n th
e sa
me
land
, eve
n if
ther
e is
a c
hang
e of
sp
ecie
s, s
ilvic
ultu
ral r
egim
e or
min
or b
ound
ary
chan
ges.
How
ever
, pla
ntat
ion
owne
rs
may
cho
ose
to lo
dge
a P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e fo
r su
bseq
uent
rota
tions
, for
ex
ampl
e to
doc
umen
t tha
t pla
ntat
ion
tree
s ha
ve b
een
esta
blis
hed
with
the
obje
ctiv
e of
man
agin
g th
em fo
r tim
ber
harv
estin
g pu
rpos
es.
The
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r lo
dgem
ent o
f a P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e re
sts
with
the
plan
tatio
n ow
ner,
but l
odge
men
t may
be
unde
rtak
en b
y a
man
ager
or
othe
r pa
rty
actin
g on
beh
alf o
f the
ow
ner.
The
LGA
is e
ncou
rage
d to
ack
now
ledg
e re
ceip
t of
lodg
emen
t of a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice.
32 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
‘Site
pre
para
tion’
is d
efine
d in
the
code
’s g
loss
ary.
In re
spec
t of t
he 2
8-da
y m
inim
um
notic
e pe
riod
of th
is a
ctio
n, c
omm
ence
men
t of s
ite p
repa
ratio
n is
rega
rded
as
occu
rrin
g w
hen
activ
ities
beg
in th
at s
peci
fical
ly re
late
to p
repa
ratio
n of
the
grou
nd to
pr
ovid
e co
nditi
ons
suita
ble
for
seed
ling
esta
blis
hmen
t (su
ch a
s fo
rmat
ion
of p
lant
ing
row
s or
spo
ts b
y m
echa
nica
l so
il d
istu
rban
ce, b
road
-acr
e w
eed
cont
rol o
r pr
e-pl
ant s
trip
or
spot
wee
d co
ntro
l). T
here
fore
, it d
oes
not i
nclu
de a
ctiv
ities
suc
h as
site
su
rvey
, site
cle
an-u
p (in
clud
ing
fenc
e or
deb
ris re
mov
al),
pest
ani
mal
con
trol
, or
any
road
co
nstr
uctio
n or
impr
ovem
ent.
Mos
t pla
ntat
ions
sho
uld
not r
equi
re a
per
mit
appl
icat
ion.
Inst
ance
s w
here
pla
nnin
g sc
hem
es m
ay re
quire
a p
lann
ing
perm
it fo
r pl
anta
tion
esta
blis
hmen
t inc
lude
whe
n:
• tim
ber
prod
uctio
n is
not
spe
cifie
d as
a s
ectio
n 1
(per
mit
not r
equi
red)
use
in th
e ta
ble
of u
ses
for
the
zone
app
lyin
g to
the
land
con
cern
ed
• th
e pr
opos
ed p
lant
atio
n do
es n
ot m
eet t
he c
ondi
tions
spe
cifie
d fo
r tim
ber
prod
uctio
n in
sec
tion
1 of
the
tabl
e of
use
s fo
r th
e ap
plic
able
zon
e
• a
perm
it is
requ
ired
unde
r th
e pr
ovis
ions
of a
n ov
erla
y ap
plyi
ng to
the
land
co
ncer
ned
• a
perm
it is
requ
ired
unde
r th
e pr
ovis
ions
of c
laus
e 52
.17.
The
LGA
sho
uld
be c
onsu
lted
to e
stab
lish
whe
ther
any
suc
h in
stan
ces
appl
y.
4.1.
1.3
A P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e m
ust i
nclu
de:
i. th
e la
ndow
ners
nam
e an
d ad
dres
s
ii.
the
tota
l are
a to
be
plan
ted
iii.
spec
ies
to b
e pl
ante
d
iv.
year
of p
lant
ing
v.
a m
ap o
f the
pla
ntat
ion,
sho
win
g:-
the
loca
tion
of th
e pl
anta
tion
- an
y ac
cess
road
s or
trac
ks-
pow
er li
nes
- an
y re
tain
ed n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
with
in th
e pl
anta
tion
boun
darie
s.
A P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e te
mpl
ate
is p
rovi
ded
in A
ppen
dix
3 to
ass
ist
plan
tatio
n ow
ners
lodg
e a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e co
de. U
se o
f thi
s te
mpl
ate
is e
ncou
rage
d bu
t is
not m
anda
tory
. Pla
ntat
ion
owne
rs
are
entit
led
to p
repa
re a
nd lo
dge
a P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e in
any
form
at th
at
mee
ts th
e P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
e re
quire
men
ts s
tipul
ated
in th
e co
de.
4.2
Env
ironm
enta
l val
ues
in p
lant
atio
nsE
nviro
nmen
tal v
alue
s su
ch a
s bi
odiv
ersi
ty, c
arbo
n se
ques
trat
ion,
sal
inity
con
trol
and
w
ater
qua
lity
in p
lant
atio
ns m
ust b
e co
nsid
ered
at a
ll st
ages
, fro
m p
lann
ing
thro
ugh
to
harv
estin
g an
d re
-est
ablis
hmen
t. A
dver
se im
pact
s fro
m p
lant
atio
ns o
n en
viro
nmen
tal
valu
es, p
artic
ular
ly w
ater
qua
lity
and
river
hea
lth, c
an b
e m
inim
ised
by
appr
opria
te
plan
ning
and
man
agem
ent.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 33
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.2.
1W
ater
qua
lity,
riv
er h
ealth
and
so
il p
rote
ctio
n
Wat
erw
ays
incl
ude
all p
erm
anen
t and
tem
pora
ry s
trea
ms,
poo
ls, w
etla
nds
and
drai
nage
lin
es .
Wel
l man
aged
pla
ntat
ion
esta
blis
hmen
t, te
ndin
g, ro
adin
g an
d ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns n
ear
wat
erw
ays
may
avo
id u
nacc
epta
ble
off-
site
impa
cts.
Wat
er q
ualit
y d
egra
dat
ion
Wat
er q
ualit
y de
grad
atio
n in
rur
al e
nviro
nmen
ts is
cau
sed
by a
ran
ge o
f fac
tors
in
clud
ing:
• tr
ansp
orta
tion
of s
oil s
edim
ents
, esp
ecia
lly fr
om e
rodi
ng s
trea
m b
anks
• th
e en
try
of e
xces
sive
nut
rient
s or
nut
rient
enr
ichm
ent
• ch
emic
al c
onta
min
atio
n fro
m th
e us
e of
her
bici
des
and
pest
icid
es
• ch
ange
s to
the
flow
rat
es o
f riv
ers
• se
epag
e of
con
tam
inat
ed g
roun
dwat
er in
to s
urfa
ce w
ater
bod
ies
• co
ntam
inat
ion
by b
iolo
gica
l mat
eria
l and
pat
hoge
ns.
Thes
e fa
ctor
s ap
pear
as
pollu
tant
s in
aqu
atic
eco
syst
ems
in th
e fo
rm o
f:
• su
spen
ded
solid
s (a
s in
dica
ted
by tu
rbid
ity)
• eu
trop
hica
tion,
whi
ch c
an le
ad to
the
grow
th o
f unw
ante
d aq
uatic
pla
nts
(incl
udin
g al
gal b
loom
s)
• co
ntam
inat
ion
of th
e aq
uatic
che
mis
try
• in
crea
sed
salin
ity.
Imp
act
of
susp
end
ed s
edim
ents
Sus
pend
ed s
edim
ents
from
soi
l ero
sion
and
alre
ady
depo
site
d st
ream
and
riv
er
sedi
men
ts c
reat
e tu
rbid
ity (c
loud
ines
s) in
wat
er b
odie
s w
ith u
ndes
irabl
e ef
fect
s in
clud
ing:
• re
duce
d se
rvic
e lif
e ex
pect
ancy
of w
ater
sto
rage
faci
litie
s (s
uch
as w
eirs
and
re
serv
oirs
)
• in
crea
sed
cost
of w
ater
trea
tmen
t for
hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion
• de
grad
ed a
esth
etic
and
recr
eatio
nal v
alue
s of
wat
er b
odie
s
• in
crea
sed
nutr
ient
load
s
• re
duce
d lig
ht p
enet
ratio
n (c
ausi
ng a
dver
se im
pact
s on
aqu
atic
eco
logy
)
• sm
othe
red
aqua
tic e
cosy
stem
s.
Whi
le s
ome
river
sys
tem
s ar
e na
tura
lly tu
rbid
, the
exc
essi
ve d
eliv
ery
of s
uspe
nded
so
lids
into
str
eam
s co
ntrib
utes
to r
iver
deg
rada
tion.
34 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Pri
ncip
les
of
wat
er q
ualit
y p
rote
ctio
n in
fo
rest
ed c
atch
men
ts
The
grea
test
env
ironm
enta
l haz
ard
asso
ciat
ed w
ith ti
mbe
r ha
rves
ting
is it
s po
tent
ial
to a
ffect
wat
er q
ualit
y. T
he w
hole
of t
he la
ndsc
ape
is a
wat
er c
atch
men
t, so
all
plan
tatio
n fo
rest
s ar
e lo
cate
d in
wat
er c
atch
men
ts. A
spe
cific
cat
chm
ent i
s de
fined
as
a n
atur
al g
eogr
aphi
cal a
rea
whi
ch fe
eds
into
a c
omm
on w
ater
dra
inag
e sy
stem
. It
may
als
o re
fer
to a
nat
ural
pla
nnin
g un
it fo
r th
e m
anag
emen
t of n
atur
al re
sour
ces.
W
ater
deg
rada
tion
in fo
rest
ed c
atch
men
ts c
an b
e m
inim
ised
by
the
follo
win
g ac
tions
.
• Li
miti
ng a
nd c
ontro
lling
run-
off:
soils
in fo
rest
ed a
reas
are
gen
eral
ly p
erm
eabl
e:
that
is, r
ainf
all t
ends
to in
filtr
ate
the
profi
le, r
athe
r th
an to
run
ove
r its
sur
face
. H
owev
er, s
ome
aspe
cts
of h
arve
stin
g ca
n in
crea
se s
urfa
ce r
un-o
ff. F
or
exam
ple,
mos
t sur
face
wat
er in
pla
ntat
ions
com
es fr
om c
ompa
cted
sur
face
s (s
uch
as tr
acks
and
uns
eale
d ro
ads)
. The
mov
emen
t of m
achi
nery
may
cau
se
com
pact
ion
of th
e so
il al
ong
extr
actio
n tr
acks
, and
on
log
stor
age
area
s an
d la
ndin
gs. S
oil c
ompa
ctio
n w
ill oc
cur
espe
cial
ly if
ope
ratio
ns a
re c
ondu
cted
du
ring
wet
con
ditio
ns. I
t red
uces
the
infil
trat
ion
capa
city
of t
he s
oil a
nd in
crea
ses
the
prop
ensi
ty fo
r su
rface
flow
, whi
ch c
an tr
ansp
ort s
edim
ents
into
wat
erw
ays.
A
void
ing
soil
com
pact
ion
is a
key
con
side
ratio
n w
hen
plan
ning
and
con
duct
ing
plan
tatio
n ha
rves
ting,
if th
e po
tent
ial f
or u
ncon
trol
led
run-
off i
s to
be
min
imis
ed.
• Li
miti
ng s
oil e
rosi
on: e
rosi
on o
ccur
s na
tura
lly a
s pa
rt o
f the
soi
l wea
ther
ing
proc
ess.
How
ever
, act
iviti
es s
uch
as v
eget
atio
n cl
eara
nce
and
road
and
trac
k co
nstr
uctio
n ca
n le
ad to
enh
ance
d so
il er
osio
n, b
y in
crea
sing
its
expo
sure
to r
ain
drop
impa
ct a
nd b
y en
cour
agin
g un
cont
rolle
d su
rface
run
-off
from
road
s an
d tr
acks
. Ero
sion
is e
nhan
ced
by c
ompa
cted
soi
ls, p
artic
ular
ly o
n si
tes
with
ero
dibl
e su
bsoi
ls.
• R
igid
impl
emen
tatio
n of
bes
t man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
: res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
that
w
here
bes
t man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
(suc
h as
rete
ntio
n of
app
ropr
iate
wat
erw
ay
buffe
rs, m
inim
al s
oil
dis
turb
ance
clo
se to
wat
erw
ays
and
appr
opria
te d
rain
age
cont
rol m
easu
res
on ro
ads
and
extr
actio
n tr
acks
) are
rig
idly
adh
ered
to, t
he
impa
cts
of p
lant
atio
n ha
rves
ting
on w
ater
qua
lity
can
be m
inim
al.
Ben
efits
of
reta
inin
g v
eget
atio
n ad
jace
nt t
o w
ater
way
s
Vege
tate
d ar
eas
adja
cent
to w
ater
way
s ac
t to:
• re
duce
the
flow
of s
edim
ent a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d po
lluta
nts
from
key
sou
rce
area
s (s
uch
as tr
acks
and
road
s) b
efor
e th
ey re
ach
the
wat
erw
ay
• re
duce
the
mov
emen
t of s
olub
le p
ollu
tant
s an
d ch
emic
als
from
the
hill
slop
e to
th
e w
ater
way
• m
aint
ain
stab
le w
ater
way
cha
nnel
s, a
nd p
rote
ct a
nd e
nhan
ce e
colo
gica
l val
ues.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 35
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Ho
w d
oes
it w
ork
?
The
roug
hnes
s of
the
vege
tate
d ar
ea, l
arge
ly d
eter
min
ed b
y th
e de
nsity
of v
eget
atio
n an
d ob
stac
les
such
as
logs
, fal
len
debr
is a
nd le
af li
tter
, act
s to
slo
w s
urfa
ce w
ater
flo
w a
nd th
en to
filte
r it
and
indu
ce th
e de
posi
tion
of a
ny s
edim
ent p
ollu
tant
s.
Vege
tate
d ar
eas
tend
to m
aint
ain
soils
with
hig
h hy
drau
lic c
ondu
ctiv
ity w
hich
allo
ws
surfa
ce w
ater
to d
rain
qui
ckly
thro
ugh
thei
r pr
ofile
, ins
tead
of r
unni
ng o
ff th
e su
rface
. Th
is re
duce
s ov
erla
nd fl
ow a
nd th
e de
liver
y of
any
ass
ocia
ted
pollu
tant
s to
str
eam
s.
The
pres
ence
of l
arge
r ov
erst
orey
veg
etat
ion
also
redu
ces
the
pote
ntia
l for
wat
er-
born
e po
lluta
nts
to re
ach
stre
ams
via
subs
urfa
ce w
ater
mov
emen
t.
The
prov
isio
n of
sha
de a
nd th
e ac
cess
ion
of w
oody
deb
ris a
nd n
utrie
nt in
puts
als
o he
lp to
mai
ntai
n te
rres
tria
l and
aqu
atic
eco
logi
cal v
alue
s.
Con
sequ
ently
, wat
erw
ays
are
thre
aten
ed w
hen
plan
tatio
n ha
rves
ting
or s
ite
esta
blis
hmen
t ope
ratio
ns re
sult
in:
• a
loss
of s
urfa
ce ro
ughn
ess
and
a co
rres
pond
ing
incr
ease
in c
hann
elis
ed
path
way
s fo
r do
wn-
slop
e w
ater
flow
• a
redu
ctio
n of
soi
l hyd
raul
ic c
ondu
ctiv
ity, d
ue to
com
pact
ion
from
mac
hine
ry tr
affic
• in
crea
sing
str
eam
wat
er te
mpe
ratu
re, t
hrou
gh d
estr
uctio
n of
str
eam
side
ve
geta
tion
• a
redu
ctio
n in
car
bon
and
nutr
ient
inpu
ts fo
r ha
bita
t fun
ctio
n.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oals
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
val
ues
are
mai
ntai
ned
or im
prov
ed in
pla
ntat
ions
by
prot
ectin
g w
ater
way
s fro
m d
istu
rban
ce.
Soi
l ero
sion
and
wat
er p
ollu
tion
are
min
imis
ed b
y av
oidi
ng p
lant
atio
n op
erat
ions
in
inap
prop
riate
are
as o
r sl
opes
and
und
erta
king
nec
essa
ry p
reve
ntiv
e m
easu
res.
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
may
be
prot
ecte
d by
est
ablis
hing
or
mai
ntai
ning
a z
one
of in
dige
nous
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n al
ong
the
ripar
ian
land
. The
rete
ntio
n of
exi
stin
g na
tive
vege
tatio
n an
d re
-est
ablis
hmen
t of i
ndig
enou
s na
tive
vege
tatio
n al
ong
wat
erw
ays
is
enco
urag
ed. T
he p
rote
ctio
n an
d re
stor
atio
n of
the
ripar
ian
zone
is im
port
ant t
o as
sist
in
the
mai
nten
ance
of h
ealth
y riv
ers
and
land
scap
es a
nd th
e pr
otec
tion
of s
ocia
l and
cu
ltura
l val
ues.
The
benc
hmar
k fro
m w
hich
‘mai
ntai
ned
’ or
‘impr
oved
’ is
asse
ssed
is th
e st
ate
that
exi
sted
prio
r to
the
com
men
cem
ent o
f pla
ntat
ion
esta
blis
hmen
t or
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
.
In th
e co
ntex
t of t
he o
pera
tiona
l goa
l, ‘d
istu
rban
ce’ m
eans
cha
nges
to th
e ch
arac
teris
tics
of a
wat
erw
ay, r
ipar
ian
vege
tatio
n or
the
linka
ges
betw
een
a w
ater
way
an
d th
e ca
tchm
ent,
whi
ch a
re o
f suf
ficie
nt e
xten
t and
dur
atio
n to
ris
k a
mat
eria
l de
terio
ratio
n of
wat
er q
ualit
y or
oth
er r
iver
hea
lth v
alue
s.
36 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
Wat
erw
ays
4.2.
1.1
The
entr
y of
soi
l and
oth
er p
ollu
tant
s in
to w
ater
way
s m
ust b
e av
oide
d as
far
as is
pr
actic
able
. P
ollu
tant
s ca
n in
clud
e nu
trie
nts,
che
mic
als
and
cont
amin
atio
n by
bio
logi
cal m
ater
ials
an
d pa
thog
ens.
‘Wat
erw
ay’ i
s de
fined
in th
e co
de’s
glo
ssar
y.
Ther
e ar
e ap
prop
riate
Aus
tral
ian
stan
dard
s (s
uch
as A
S19
40) f
or th
e st
orag
e an
d ha
ndlin
g of
fuel
s th
at s
houl
d be
con
side
red,
to m
inim
ise
the
risk
of p
ollu
tant
s en
terin
g w
ater
way
s.
Was
te o
il, a
ll em
pty
drum
s, d
isca
rded
mac
hine
ry p
arts
and
oth
er w
aste
mus
t be
rem
oved
from
the
fore
st.
Ther
e m
ay b
e su
itabl
e di
spos
al fa
cilit
ies
for
thes
e ty
pes
of
was
te.
The
stor
age,
use
and
dis
posa
l of p
etro
leum
pro
duct
s an
d m
achi
nery
ser
vici
ng m
ust
not p
ollu
te th
e en
viro
nmen
t, no
r re
sult
in li
tter
ing.
Toile
t was
te m
ust n
ot b
e al
low
ed to
ent
er a
wat
erw
ay.
4.2.
1.2
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n (in
clud
ing
esta
blis
hmen
t, te
ndin
g, ro
adin
g, h
arve
stin
g an
d
re-e
stab
lishm
ent)
mus
t be
plan
ned
and
cond
ucte
d in
suc
h a
man
ner
as to
min
imis
e m
ass
mov
emen
t or
sedi
men
tatio
n of
wat
erw
ays.
Ref
er to
the
defin
ition
s fo
r th
e m
eani
ng o
f ‘m
ass
mo
vem
ent’
.
4.2.
1.3
Mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ity w
ithin
20
met
res
of a
ny w
ater
way
mus
t be
kept
to th
e m
inim
um
nece
ssar
y, to
avo
id s
oil d
istu
rban
ce.
Any
una
void
able
mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ity n
ear
a w
ater
way
sho
uld:
• be
par
alle
l to
the
wat
erw
ay w
here
ver
prac
ticab
le
• do
ne in
suc
h a
way
as
to e
nsur
e w
ater
is n
ot d
iver
ted
from
any
wat
erw
ays
• no
t tak
e pl
ace
whe
n th
e so
il is
sat
urat
ed.
The
obje
ctiv
e is
to m
inim
ise
the
pote
ntia
l for
dire
ctin
g or
con
cent
ratin
g th
e ov
erla
nd
flow
into
a w
ater
way
via
any
cha
nnel
isat
ion,
com
pact
ed p
ath
or s
oil
dis
turb
ance
ar
isin
g fro
m m
achi
nery
act
ivity
nea
r w
ater
way
s.
‘Mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ity’ h
as tw
o as
pect
s:
• th
e po
sitio
ning
of t
he m
achi
ne it
self
and
thus
the
foot
prin
t (vi
sibl
e or
not
) of t
he
mac
hine
’s tr
acks
or
whe
els
• th
e op
erat
ion
of a
ny a
ttac
hmen
ts fi
tted
to th
e m
achi
ne (s
uch
as a
bla
de,
stic
k ra
ke, b
ucke
t, rip
per
tine,
plo
ugh
or m
ound
ing
disc
s, g
rapp
le o
r fe
lling/
harv
estin
g he
ad).
The
prov
isio
n of
buf
fer
strip
s an
d fil
ter
strip
s on
wat
erw
ays
runn
ing
thro
ugh
or
adja
cent
to p
lant
atio
ns is
not
man
date
d in
the
code
. The
focu
s is
on
prot
ectio
n
of w
ater
qua
lity
thro
ugh
the
min
imis
atio
n of
soi
l and
deb
ris e
ntry
into
wat
erw
ays.
Th
e ke
y is
con
duct
ing
fore
st o
pera
tions
in a
man
ner
that
min
imis
es r
isks
to w
ater
qu
ality
and
riv
er h
ealth
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 37
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
The
man
dato
ry a
ctio
n al
low
s m
achi
nery
act
ivity
with
in 2
0 m
of a
wat
erw
ay, p
rovi
ded
it is
the
min
imum
nec
essa
ry a
nd a
void
s so
il d
istu
rban
ce s
uch
that
the
risk
of
sedi
men
t mov
emen
t int
o w
ater
way
s is
min
imis
ed. ‘
Min
imum
nec
essa
ry’ m
eans
the
leas
t pos
sibl
e m
achi
nery
act
ivity
con
sist
ent w
ith a
chie
ving
the
obje
ctiv
es o
f the
task
at
hand
, fol
low
ing
a re
ason
able
con
side
ratio
n of
via
ble
alte
rnat
ives
.
The
risk
of s
oil m
ovem
ent i
nto
wat
erw
ays
incr
ease
s w
ith h
ighe
r so
il er
odib
ility,
low
er
soil
perm
eabi
lity,
less
er p
rote
ctiv
e co
ver
(litt
er, s
lash
, veg
etat
ion)
, hig
her
rain
fall
eros
ivity
, ste
eper
slo
pes,
and
incr
ease
d so
il di
stur
banc
e (w
hich
can
be
influ
ence
d by
th
e in
tens
ity a
nd m
agni
tude
of m
achi
nery
act
ivity
). Th
is a
ctio
n re
cogn
ises
that
the
prox
imity
and
nat
ure
of m
achi
nery
act
ivity
to w
ater
way
s al
so in
fluen
ces
the
risk
of
wat
erw
ay s
edim
enta
tion.
The
ris
k an
d im
plic
atio
ns o
f wat
erw
ay s
edim
enta
tion
also
in
crea
se a
s st
ream
ord
er in
crea
ses.
It fo
llow
s th
at th
e ex
tent
and
nat
ure
of m
achi
nery
act
ivity
pla
nned
and
und
erta
ken
with
in 2
0 m
of w
ater
way
s re
quire
s th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
site
-spe
cific
judg
emen
t by
expe
rienc
ed p
ract
ition
ers,
bas
ed o
n fie
ld a
sses
smen
ts a
nd a
dopt
ion
of a
ris
k m
anag
emen
t app
roac
h. T
he u
ltim
ate
test
of t
he a
dopt
ed a
ppro
ach
are
the
outc
omes
(in
term
s of
min
imis
ing,
as
far
as is
pra
ctic
able
, the
ent
ry o
f soi
l and
deb
ris in
to
wat
erw
ays
aris
ing
from
mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ities
).
Site
pre
para
tion
by n
on-m
echa
nica
l mea
ns n
ear
wat
erw
ays
may
min
imis
e er
osio
n an
d th
e ris
k of
sed
imen
tatio
n to
wat
er q
ualit
y.
4.2.
1.4
Mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ity m
ust n
ot o
ccur
with
in fi
ve m
etre
s of
the
satu
rate
d zo
ne o
f a
perm
anen
t or
tem
pora
ry s
trea
m (e
xcep
t for
the
min
imum
nec
essa
ry to
con
stru
ct s
trea
m
cros
sing
s), o
r w
etla
nd.
‘Mac
hine
ry a
ctiv
ity’ i
s as
indi
cate
d in
4.1
.1.4
, exc
ept t
hat p
lant
atio
n tr
ees
may
be
harv
este
d ei
ther
mec
hani
cally
or
man
ually
from
with
in 5
m o
f the
sat
urat
ed z
one
of a
pe
rman
ent o
r te
mpo
rary
str
eam
pro
vide
d:
• an
y m
achi
ne’s
trac
ks o
r w
heel
s re
mai
n at
leas
t 5 m
from
the
satu
rate
d zo
ne
• a
high
leve
l of c
are
is ta
ken
whe
n ex
trac
ting
tree
s, to
not
cau
se d
istu
rban
ce to
the
bed
or b
ank
of th
e st
ream
.
‘Sat
urat
ed z
one’
is d
efine
d in
the
code
’s g
loss
ary
(as
Sat
urat
ion
zone
).
Mac
hine
ry c
an e
nter
with
in 5
m o
f the
sat
urat
ed z
one
of a
per
man
ent o
r te
mpo
rary
st
ream
whe
n us
ing
a d
esig
nate
d c
ross
ing
.
38 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.2.
1.5
Cro
ssin
g of
wat
erw
ays
with
gro
und-
base
d m
achi
nery
mus
t be
avoi
ded,
exc
ept w
hen
cons
truc
ting
or u
sing
a d
esig
nate
d cr
ossi
ng. W
here
tem
pora
ry c
ross
ings
or
log
culv
erts
ar
e us
ed, t
hey
mus
t be
rem
oved
imm
edia
tely
afte
r ha
rves
ting
or a
ny s
ubse
quen
t re
plan
ting
wor
k fo
r w
hich
they
are
requ
ired,
usi
ng a
tech
niqu
e th
at m
inim
ises
soi
l di
stur
banc
e.
‘Cro
ssin
g of
wat
erw
ays’
refe
rs to
trav
ersi
ng a
cros
s a
wat
erw
ay fr
om o
ne s
ide
to th
e ot
her.
Str
eam
cro
ssin
gs m
ust b
e de
sign
ed to
com
ply
with
the
Wat
er A
ct 1
989.
Wor
ks
(incl
udin
g st
ream
cro
ssin
gs) o
n de
sign
ated
wat
erw
ays
requ
ire a
wor
ks o
n w
ater
way
s pe
rmit
from
the
rele
vant
CM
A.
A ‘d
esig
nate
d c
ross
ing
’ may
pro
vide
for
the
cros
sing
of a
per
man
ent o
r te
mpo
rary
st
ream
, dra
inag
e lin
e, p
ool o
r w
etla
nd b
y a
plan
tatio
n ro
ad (s
ee s
ectio
n 4.
4 of
the
code
) or
a sn
iggi
ng a
nd fo
rwar
ding
trac
k (s
ee s
ectio
n 4.
5.3
of th
e co
de).
A ‘d
esig
nate
d c
ross
ing
’ is
whe
re a
cro
ssin
g lo
catio
n ha
s be
en s
peci
fical
ly id
entifi
ed
on a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n, o
ther
ope
ratio
nal p
lan
or in
the
field
, and
is c
onst
ruct
ed
or in
stal
led
in a
man
ner
that
allo
ws
for
typi
cal p
eak
annu
al fl
ows.
It m
ay b
e a
perm
anen
t cro
ssin
g, a
tem
po
rary
cro
ssin
g o
r a
cros
sing
seg
men
t (dr
aina
ge li
nes
only
– s
ee b
elow
).
A ‘p
erm
anen
t cr
oss
ing
’ wou
ld ty
pica
lly in
volv
e th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
a b
ridge
, cul
vert
or
ford
des
igne
d to
min
imis
e im
pact
s on
wat
er q
ualit
y.
A ‘t
emp
ora
ry c
ross
ing
’ is
a cr
ossi
ng c
onst
ruct
ed o
r in
stal
led
for
a pa
rtic
ular
sh
ort-
term
pha
se o
f pla
ntat
ion
oper
atio
ns, a
nd is
des
igne
d fo
r re
mov
al fo
llow
ing
com
plet
ion
of th
e op
erat
ions
that
the
cros
sing
was
con
stru
cted
/inst
alle
d to
ser
vice
. Th
ere
may
be
circ
umst
ance
s w
here
the
topo
grap
hy o
f the
pla
ntat
ion
oper
atio
ns
area
, soi
l typ
e an
d co
nditi
ons,
dra
inag
e lin
e pr
ofile
and
the
natu
re o
f the
pla
ntat
ion
oper
atio
n to
be
cond
ucte
d ar
e su
ch th
at it
is re
ason
able
to d
elin
eate
a li
near
seg
men
t of
the
uppe
r re
ach
of a
dra
inag
e lin
e as
a d
esig
nate
d c
ross
ing
. Thi
s de
sign
atio
n m
ay th
en a
llow
the
limite
d pa
ssag
e of
gro
und-
base
d m
achi
nery
acr
oss
the
delin
eate
d se
gmen
t of t
he d
rain
age
line
at a
num
ber
of lo
catio
ns, w
here
this
can
be
achi
eved
w
ithou
t com
prom
isin
g so
il st
abilit
y or
wat
er q
ualit
y. S
uch
an a
ppro
ach
may
be
adop
ted
to a
llow
the
pass
age
of m
achi
nery
ass
ocia
ted
with
rip
ping
or
mou
ndin
g (w
ith im
plem
ents
lifte
d cl
ear
of th
e gr
ound
sur
face
), or
cho
pper
rollin
g, o
r ha
rves
ting
forw
arde
rs, t
hat a
re g
ener
ally
wor
king
alo
ng th
e co
ntou
r, to
cro
ss th
e up
per
reac
h
of a
dra
inag
e lin
e w
ith s
ingl
e or
lim
ited
pass
es a
cros
s an
y pa
rtic
ular
cro
ssin
g po
int
in th
e se
gmen
t.
Whe
re h
arve
stin
g sl
ash
is p
lace
d in
the
bed
of a
dra
inag
e lin
e to
form
a t
emp
ora
ry
cro
ssin
g (t
ypic
ally
to p
rote
ct th
e be
d an
d su
rrou
nds
of a
dra
inag
e lin
e to
allo
w
cros
sing
by
harv
estin
g fo
rwar
ders
) the
sla
sh m
ay b
e le
ft in
situ
if it
doe
s no
t obs
truc
t or
div
ert t
he fl
ow o
f wat
er o
r de
stab
ilise
the
wat
erw
ay a
nd re
mov
ing
it w
ould
ris
k ca
usin
g m
ore
soil
dis
turb
ance
and
impa
ct to
wat
er q
ualit
y th
an le
avin
g it
in p
lace
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 39
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.2.
1.6
Tree
ext
ract
ion
mus
t not
cau
se d
istu
rban
ce to
the
bed
or b
ank
of p
erm
anen
t or
tem
pora
ry s
trea
ms.
Dam
age
to a
ssoc
iate
d rip
aria
n ve
geta
tion
mus
t be
min
imis
ed.
Whi
le th
e co
de’s
glo
ssar
y de
scrib
es ‘e
xtra
ctio
n’ a
s ‘re
mov
ing
prod
uce
from
stu
mp
to lo
g la
ndin
g or
sto
rage
are
a’, f
or th
e pu
rpos
es o
f thi
s ac
tion
it ca
n al
so b
e ta
ken
to
incl
ude
tree
fellin
g.
Min
imis
ing
dam
age
to r
ipar
ian
vege
tatio
n ca
n be
con
side
red
in th
e co
ntex
t of
the
prac
tical
ity a
nd im
plic
atio
ns o
f alte
rnat
ive
appr
oach
es th
at m
ay e
xist
for
tree
ex
trac
tion.
For
exa
mpl
e, li
mite
d da
mag
e to
veg
etat
ion
resu
lting
from
cab
le h
arve
stin
g ac
ross
a te
mpo
rary
str
eam
may
be
pref
erab
le to
con
stru
ctio
n of
an
extr
a le
ngth
of
extr
actio
n ro
ad w
ith s
trea
m c
ross
ings
, if t
he la
tter
repr
esen
ts th
e al
tern
ativ
e to
lim
ited,
re
cove
rabl
e ve
geta
tion
dam
age
from
cab
le h
arve
stin
g.
Dire
ctin
g tr
ees
to fa
ll aw
ay fr
om a
wat
erw
ay w
ill as
sist
in m
inim
isin
g d
istu
rban
ce to
th
e be
d an
d ba
nks
of th
e w
ater
way
.
Har
vest
deb
ris s
houl
d ge
nera
lly b
e ke
pt o
ut o
f wat
erw
ays
but c
an re
mai
n w
ithin
th
e bu
ffer,
to p
rote
ct s
oils
. The
rem
oval
of d
ebris
from
a w
ater
way
may
cau
se
dis
turb
ance
, and
con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
the
actio
n th
at h
as th
e le
ast
impa
ct o
n w
ater
qua
lity.
4.2.
1.7
Ret
aine
d na
tive
vege
tatio
n al
ong
a w
ater
way
mus
t be
prot
ecte
d fro
m d
amag
e ca
used
by
gro
und-
base
d tim
ber
prod
uctio
n. T
rees
acc
iden
tally
felle
d in
to re
tain
ed v
eget
atio
n or
ac
ross
a w
ater
way
may
onl
y be
rem
oved
with
min
imal
dis
turb
ance
to v
eget
atio
n or
soi
l.
This
act
ion
appl
ies
to a
ll ph
ases
of p
lant
atio
n op
erat
ions
from
est
ablis
hmen
t (o
r re
-est
ablis
hmen
t) to
har
vest
ing.
‘Ret
aine
d n
ativ
e ve
get
atio
n’ m
eans
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n th
at:
• m
ust b
e re
tain
ed u
nder
pla
nnin
g sc
hem
e pr
ovis
ions
(inc
ludi
ng c
laus
e 52
.17)
or
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
cond
ition
s
• th
e pl
anta
tion
or la
nd o
wne
r ch
oose
s to
reta
in in
add
ition
to a
ny s
tatu
tory
ob
ligat
ions
.
‘Pro
tect
ed fr
om d
amag
e’ m
eans
con
duct
ing
grou
nd-b
ased
pla
ntat
ion
oper
atio
ns in
a
man
ner
that
min
imis
es d
amag
e, ta
king
into
con
side
ratio
n th
e ci
rcum
stan
ces
at th
e pl
anta
tion
site
and
the
prac
tical
ity a
nd im
plic
atio
ns o
f via
ble
optio
ns fo
r co
nduc
ting
the
oper
atio
n co
ncer
ned.
It is
reco
gnis
ed th
at li
near
pat
ches
of r
etai
ned
nat
ive
veg
etat
ion
alon
g w
ater
way
s m
ay e
xper
ienc
e so
me
win
d da
mag
e, d
ue to
incr
ease
d ex
posu
re fo
llow
ing
the
harv
estin
g of
nea
rby
plan
tatio
n tr
ees.
Thi
s co
de p
rovi
sion
doe
s no
t ref
er to
suc
h su
bseq
uent
dam
age,
whi
ch o
ften
occu
rs w
ell a
fter
harv
estin
g ha
s be
en c
ompl
eted
.
The
prov
isio
n ap
plyi
ng to
the
rem
oval
of t
rees
acc
iden
tally
felle
d in
to re
tain
ed (n
ativ
e)
vege
tatio
n ap
plie
s to
bot
h m
echa
nica
l and
man
ual h
arve
stin
g op
erat
ions
.
Dire
ctin
g tr
ees
to fa
ll aw
ay fr
om a
wat
erw
ay w
ill as
sist
in m
inim
isin
g d
istu
rban
ce to
th
e be
d an
d ba
nks
of th
e w
ater
way
.
Har
vest
deb
ris s
houl
d ge
nera
lly b
e ke
pt o
ut o
f wat
erw
ays,
but
can
rem
ain
with
in th
e bu
ffer t
o pr
otec
t soi
ls. T
he re
mov
al o
f deb
ris fr
om a
wat
erw
ay m
ay c
ause
dis
turb
ance
, an
d co
nsid
erat
ion
shou
ld b
e gi
ven
to th
e ac
tion
that
has
the
leas
t im
pact
on
wat
er q
ualit
y.
40 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.2.
1.8
Add
ition
al m
easu
res
to p
rote
ct w
ater
qua
lity
and
aqua
tic h
abita
t, in
clud
ing
incr
easi
ng
the
zone
of m
inim
al m
achi
nery
act
ivity
, mus
t be
adop
ted
whe
re th
ere
is a
hig
h lo
cal r
isk
due
to:
i. th
e er
odib
ility
of s
oils
ii.
rain
fall
eros
ivity
iii.
stee
p sl
opes
iv.
part
icul
ar r
ipar
ian
habi
tat v
alue
s
v.
the
inte
nsity
and
mag
nitu
de o
f the
har
vest
ing
oper
atio
n
vi.
any
part
icul
ar re
quire
men
ts o
f a w
ater
sup
ply
offta
ke p
oint
.
This
act
ion
requ
ires
the
appl
icat
ion
of a
risk
man
agem
ent a
ppro
ach
(ana
lysi
s an
d re
spon
se).
Ref
er to
the
risk
asse
ssm
ent m
atrix
in A
ppen
dix
2.
Ref
er to
App
endi
x 1
for a
fiel
d gu
ide
to a
ssis
t in
the
asse
ssm
ent o
f soi
l ero
dibi
lity.
Per
form
ance
mon
itorin
g in
resp
ect o
f thi
s ac
tion
wou
ld ta
ke a
ccou
nt o
f the
qua
lity
of th
e ris
k an
alys
is a
nd th
e na
ture
of t
he re
spon
ses
impl
emen
ted
in lig
ht o
f the
ope
ratio
nal g
oals
of
4.1
.1, a
nd th
e sp
ecific
attr
ibut
es a
nd c
ircum
stan
ces
appl
ying
to th
e pl
anta
tion
site
co
ncer
ned.
Dire
ctin
g tre
es to
fall a
way
from
a w
ater
way
will
assi
st in
min
imis
ing
dis
turb
ance
to th
e be
d an
d ba
nks
of th
e w
ater
way
.
Har
vest
deb
ris s
houl
d ge
nera
lly b
e ke
pt o
ut o
f wat
erw
ays,
but
can
rem
ain
with
in th
e bu
ffer t
o pr
otec
t soi
ls. T
he re
mov
al o
f deb
ris fr
om a
wat
erw
ay m
ay c
ause
dis
turb
ance
, an
d co
nsid
erat
ion
shou
ld b
e gi
ven
to th
e ac
tion
that
has
the
leas
t im
pact
on
wat
er q
ualit
y.
Ste
ep s
lop
es
4.2.
1.9
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n (in
clud
ing
esta
blis
hmen
t, te
ndin
g, ro
adin
g, h
arve
stin
g an
d re
-est
ablis
hmen
t) m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d co
nduc
ted
in s
uch
a m
anne
r as
to n
ot
com
prom
ise
soil
stab
ility
or le
ad to
mas
s m
ovem
ent o
r se
dim
enta
tion
of w
ater
way
s.
Logg
ing
tech
niqu
es s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
ned
for s
teep
slo
pes
(suc
h as
cab
le lo
ggin
g) m
ay
assi
st in
min
imis
ing
soil m
ovem
ent.
Min
imis
ing
so
il d
istu
rban
ce in
ste
ep c
oun
try
Exa
mp
le o
f g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• Th
e us
e of
cab
le h
arve
stin
g sy
stem
s in
pla
ntat
ions
in s
teep
cou
ntry
, to
redu
ce
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s by
lim
iting
on-
site
so
il d
istu
rban
ce a
nd m
inim
isin
g ro
adin
g re
quire
men
ts, w
hich
cou
ld o
ther
wis
e in
volv
e si
gnifi
cant
ear
thw
orks
and
d
istu
rban
ce to
wat
erw
ays.
Site
pre
para
tion
by n
on-m
echa
nica
l mea
ns n
ear w
ater
way
s m
ay m
inim
ise
eros
ion
and
the
risk
of s
edim
enta
tion
to w
ater
qua
lity.
4.2.
1.10
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n m
ust n
ot o
ccur
on
slop
es w
here
the
oper
atio
n ca
nnot
be
cond
ucte
d sa
fely,
or
if it
thre
aten
s th
e st
abilit
y of
the
soil
or h
as h
igh
pote
ntia
l for
adv
erse
off-
site
effe
cts.
The
pot
entia
l for
mas
s so
il m
ovem
ent m
ust b
e as
sess
ed a
nd n
eces
sary
pr
even
tive
actio
ns a
pplie
d.
For t
his
actio
n, ‘s
afel
y’ re
fers
to o
ccup
atio
nal h
ealth
and
saf
ety
cons
ider
atio
ns.
The
Vict
oria
n W
ork
Cov
er A
utho
rity’s
indu
stry
sta
ndar
d S
afet
y in
For
estry
Ope
ratio
ns
Har
vest
ing
and
Hau
lage
des
crib
es th
e in
stab
ility
of m
achi
nery
and
the
cons
eque
nt ri
sk o
f ro
llove
r as
a co
mm
on h
azar
d in
man
ual f
allin
g, m
echa
nica
l har
vest
ing
and
log
extra
ctio
n.
Log
extra
ctio
n on
ste
ep g
roun
d is
con
side
red
a hi
gh-r
isk
fore
stry
act
ivity
in th
e st
anda
rd.
The
stan
dard
out
lines
a n
umbe
r of c
omm
on h
azar
ds a
nd ri
sk c
ontro
l opt
ions
for
oper
atio
ns c
ondu
cted
on
stee
p sl
opes
. Thi
s ac
tion
invo
lves
a ri
sk m
anag
emen
t app
roac
h in
resp
ect o
f bot
h oc
cupa
tiona
l hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y an
d so
il sta
bilit
y/of
f-site
effe
cts.
4.2.
1.11
Soi
l and
wat
er v
alue
s m
ust b
e pr
otec
ted
by th
e lim
itatio
n of
site
pre
para
tion
and
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
on
stee
p sl
opes
or
on le
sser
slo
pes
of u
nsta
ble
soil
whe
re e
rosi
on
haza
rd is
hig
h.
‘Ero
sion
risk
’ and
‘soi
l ero
dibi
lity’
are
defi
ned
in th
e co
de’s
glo
ssar
y.
The
use
of th
e ca
tego
ries
low
, med
ium
, hig
h an
d ve
ry h
igh
for s
oil e
rosi
on h
azar
d is
take
n to
refe
r to
the
soil e
rosi
on c
lass
ificat
ion
appr
oach
use
d in
the
Fiel
d G
uide
and
Ass
essm
ent
Kit
– S
oil E
rosi
on H
azar
d &
Soi
l Per
mea
bility
Ass
essm
ent &
Cla
ssific
atio
n (C
entre
for
Fore
st T
ree
Tech
nolo
gy, 1
999)
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 41
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.2.
1.12
On
slop
es g
reat
er th
an 3
0 de
gree
s w
ith lo
w o
r m
ediu
m s
oil e
rosi
on h
azar
d, a
nd s
lope
s le
ss th
an 3
0 de
gree
s w
ith a
hig
h or
ver
y hi
gh s
oil e
rosi
on h
azar
d, a
dditi
onal
mea
sure
s m
ust b
e ta
ken
to a
void
mov
emen
t of s
oil i
nto
stre
ams,
suc
h as
the
adop
tion
of c
able
ha
rves
ting
or th
e pr
ovis
ion
of a
ppro
pria
te b
uffe
rs a
nd fi
lter
strip
s.
This
gui
de, i
nclu
ded
as A
ppen
dix
1, w
as d
evel
oped
to a
ssis
t fiel
d pr
actit
ione
rs in
volv
ed
with
nat
ive
fore
st ti
mbe
r har
vest
ing
and
road
ing
oper
atio
ns to
cla
ssify
the
soil e
rosi
on
haza
rd, t
he s
oil p
erm
eabi
lity
and
the
pote
ntia
l for
ove
rland
flow
. Its
app
licab
ility
to
plan
tatio
ns e
stab
lishe
d on
ex-
past
ure
site
s ha
s no
t bee
n th
orou
ghly
eva
luat
ed, a
lthou
gh it
is
use
d by
at l
east
one
maj
or p
lant
atio
n co
mpa
ny in
Vic
toria
.
The
guid
e ex
plai
ns a
met
hodo
logy
that
com
bine
s as
sess
men
ts a
nd ra
tings
of s
oil
susc
eptib
ility
to b
reak
dow
n an
d so
il per
mea
bilit
y to
der
ive
a so
il ero
dibi
lity
clas
sific
atio
n,
whi
ch is
in tu
rn c
ombi
ned
with
an
asse
ssm
ent a
nd ra
ting
of th
e so
il ero
sion
site
fact
or to
ar
rive
at a
soi
l ero
sion
haz
ard
clas
sific
atio
n (lo
w, m
ediu
m, h
igh
and
very
hig
h).
This
is o
ne fo
rest
ero
sion
haz
ard
asse
ssm
ent s
yste
m u
sed
in A
ustra
lia a
nd th
ere
may
be
othe
r acc
epta
ble
met
hods
.
The
adop
tion
of a
dditi
onal
mea
sure
s ne
eds
to b
e ap
prop
riate
to th
e op
erat
ion
and
site
. Fo
r are
as o
f low
or m
ediu
m s
oil e
rosi
on h
azar
d, it
is re
ason
able
to a
dopt
add
ition
al
mea
sure
s in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
prop
ortio
n an
d di
strib
utio
n of
any
slo
pes
exce
edin
g 30
de
gree
s w
ithin
the
plan
tatio
n op
erat
ions
are
a.
The
code
doe
s no
t pre
scrib
e bu
ffer a
nd fi
lter s
trip
wid
ths
for p
lant
atio
ns. H
owev
er, o
n si
tes
desc
ribed
in th
e ac
tion,
it m
ay b
e ap
prop
riate
to e
xclu
de o
r res
trict
har
vest
ing
adja
cent
to a
w
ater
way
, as
an a
dditio
nal m
easu
re to
avo
id th
e m
ovem
ent o
f soi
l into
stre
ams.
4.2.
2C
ons
erva
tion
of
bio
div
ersi
ty
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Tim
ber
prod
uctio
n pl
anni
ng a
nd im
plem
enta
tion
in p
lant
atio
ns a
ddre
ss th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
bio
dive
rsity
, inc
ludi
ng r
ainf
ores
t, in
acc
orda
nce
with
rele
vant
law
s.O
ppor
tuni
ties
to im
prov
e th
e pr
otec
tion
of th
reat
ened
spe
cies
or h
abita
t val
ues
to a
chie
ve
spec
ific c
onse
rvat
ion
obje
ctiv
es m
ay in
clud
e:
• ap
plic
atio
n of
pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s sp
ecifi
ed in
rele
vant
act
ion
stat
emen
ts u
nder
th
e Fl
ora
and
Faun
a G
uara
ntee
Act
198
8, w
here
they
app
ly to
priv
ate
land
• re
serv
ing
stra
tegi
c ar
eas
from
har
vest
ing
• m
odify
ing
harv
estin
g an
d si
lvic
ultu
ral t
echn
ique
s.
DEP
I may
pro
vide
gui
danc
e an
d fu
rther
info
rmat
ion
to a
ssis
t priv
ate
land
man
ager
s in
pro
tect
ing
biod
iver
sity
dur
ing
the
prep
arat
ion
of P
lant
atio
n D
evel
opm
ent N
otic
es o
r Ti
mbe
r Har
vest
ing
Pla
ns.
Ref
eren
ce to
mea
sure
s fo
r pro
tect
ing
biod
iver
sity
is n
ot a
man
dato
ry e
lem
ent o
f a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
lodg
ed w
ith th
e LG
A (s
ee s
ectio
n 4.
1 of
the
code
). La
ndow
ners
est
ablis
hing
(or r
e-es
tabl
ishi
ng) p
lant
atio
ns m
ay d
eem
it a
ppro
pria
te to
pr
epar
e fo
r the
ir ow
n pu
rpos
es m
ore
deta
iled
plan
s fo
r est
ablis
hmen
t ope
ratio
ns, a
nd
may
cho
ose
to in
corp
orat
e ad
vice
and
pro
visi
ons
rela
ting
to p
rote
ctin
g bi
odiv
ersi
ty in
suc
h pl
ans.
Tim
ber H
arve
stin
g P
lans
are
requ
ired
to in
clud
e an
y m
easu
res
to b
e un
derta
ken
for
prot
ectio
n of
bio
dive
rsity
(ref
er s
ectio
n 4.
5.1
of th
e co
de).
Sel
ectin
g lo
cally
indi
geno
us s
peci
es fo
r use
in a
pla
ntat
ion
may
ass
ist i
n m
eetin
g re
gion
al
cons
erva
tion
obje
ctiv
es.
42 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.2.
2.1
Ret
aine
d n
ativ
e ve
get
atio
n m
ust b
e pr
otec
ted
from
dam
age
caus
ed b
y tim
ber
prod
uctio
n.‘R
etai
ned
nativ
e ve
geta
tion’
mea
ns n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
that
:
• m
ust b
e re
tain
ed u
nder
pla
nnin
g sc
hem
e pr
ovis
ions
(inc
ludi
ng c
laus
e 52
.17)
or
pla
nnin
g pe
rmit
cond
ition
s
• th
e pl
anta
tion
or la
nd o
wne
r ch
oose
s to
reta
in in
add
ition
to a
ny s
tatu
tory
ob
ligat
ions
.
‘Pro
tect
ed fr
om d
amag
e’ re
fers
to c
ondu
ctin
g pl
anta
tion
oper
atio
ns in
a m
anne
r tha
t m
inim
ises
dam
age,
taki
ng in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
the
circ
umst
ance
s at
the
plan
tatio
n si
te a
nd
the
prac
tical
ity a
nd im
plic
atio
ns o
f via
ble
optio
ns fo
r con
duct
ing
the
oper
atio
n co
ncer
ned.
It is
reco
gnis
ed th
at p
atch
es o
f ret
aine
d na
tive
vege
tatio
n w
ithin
or a
djac
ent t
o a
plan
tatio
n m
ay e
xper
ienc
e so
me
win
d da
mag
e, d
ue to
incr
ease
d ex
posu
re fo
llow
ing
the
harv
estin
g of
pla
ntat
ion
trees
. Thi
s co
de p
rovi
sion
doe
s no
t ref
er to
suc
h su
bseq
uent
dam
age.
Not
e th
at tw
o of
the
exem
ptio
ns to
cla
use
52.1
7 of
pla
nnin
g sc
hem
es p
rovi
de th
at n
o pe
rmit
is re
quire
d to
rem
ove,
des
troy
or lo
p na
tive
vege
tatio
n to
the
min
imum
ext
ent
nece
ssar
y if:
• th
e na
tive
vege
tatio
n ha
s be
en p
lant
ed o
r gr
own
as a
resu
lt of
dire
ct s
eedi
ng fo
r cr
op r
aisi
ng, w
hich
incl
udes
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n (th
ere
is a
qua
lifica
tion
if pu
blic
fu
ndin
g w
as p
rovi
ded
to a
ssis
t in
plan
ting
or m
anag
ing
the
nativ
e ve
geta
tion)
• th
e na
tive
vege
tatio
n is
regr
owth
whi
ch h
as n
atur
ally
est
ablis
hed
or re
gene
rate
d on
land
law
fully
cle
ared
of n
atur
ally
est
ablis
hed
vege
tatio
n an
d is
with
in th
e bo
unda
ry o
f a ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
plan
tatio
n, a
s in
dica
ted
on a
Pla
ntat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Not
ice
or o
ther
doc
umen
ted
reco
rd, a
nd h
as e
stab
lishe
d af
ter
the
plan
tatio
n.
4.2.
2.2
Any
bur
ning
ope
ratio
ns u
nder
take
n m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d m
anag
ed to
min
imis
e da
mag
e to
reta
ined
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n bo
th w
ithin
and
out
side
the
oper
atio
nal a
rea.
4.3
E
stab
lishm
ent a
nd m
anag
emen
t of p
lant
atio
nsE
stab
lishm
ent a
ctiv
ities
for
plan
tatio
n de
velo
pmen
t inc
lude
site
pre
para
tion,
che
mic
al
usag
e an
d pr
oces
ses
for
mai
ntai
ning
fore
st h
ealth
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 43
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.3.
1S
ite p
rep
arat
ion
Site
pre
para
tion
activ
ities
sho
uld
be a
ppro
pria
te fo
r su
cces
sful
tree
est
ablis
hmen
t and
gr
owth
, whi
le m
inim
isin
g po
tent
ial a
dver
se e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Min
imis
ing
dis
turb
ance
dur
ing
sit
e p
rep
arat
ion
Exa
mp
les
of g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• A
s fa
r as
is p
ract
ical
, min
imis
ing
the
exte
nt a
nd d
egre
e of
so
il d
istu
rban
ce d
urin
g pl
anta
tion
site
est
ablis
hmen
t.
• C
ondu
ctin
g m
echa
nica
l site
est
ablis
hmen
t ope
ratio
ns (s
uch
as r
ippi
ng a
nd
mou
ndin
g) a
long
the
cont
our
min
imis
es o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
chan
nelis
ed d
own-
slop
e w
ater
flow
, whi
ch c
an c
ause
ero
sion
.
• C
onfin
ing
non-
cont
our
site
est
ablis
hmen
t ope
ratio
ns to
situ
atio
ns w
here
:-
ther
e ar
e ge
ntle
slo
pes
(less
than
10%
) and
sta
ble
soils
of l
ow e
rodi
bilit
y-
ther
e is
suf
ficie
nt s
catt
erin
g of
logg
ing
slas
h an
d de
bris
on
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
rota
tion
site
s to
min
imis
e so
il er
osio
n by
ass
istin
g th
e di
sper
sal a
nd
on-s
ite tr
appi
ng o
f sed
imen
t in
surfa
ce r
un-o
ff-
dist
urba
nce
of s
oil c
an b
e m
inim
ised
by
limiti
ng a
brup
t mac
hine
ry tu
rnin
g.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Site
pre
para
tion
is a
ppro
pria
te to
the
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
part
icul
ar s
ite, a
nd ta
ke in
to
acco
unt t
he m
aint
enan
ce o
f soi
l and
wat
er v
alue
s as
wel
l as
site
pro
duct
ivity
.W
hen
a pl
anta
tion
is to
be
re-e
stab
lishe
d on
a h
arve
sted
pla
ntat
ion
site
, har
vest
ing
debr
is
shou
ld, w
here
pra
ctic
able
, be
reta
ined
as
mul
ch, r
athe
r tha
n be
ing
burn
ed. ‘
Har
vest
ing
debr
is’ r
efer
s to
mat
eria
l tha
t rem
ains
on-
site
follo
win
g th
e co
mpl
etio
n of
all e
xtra
ctio
n,
prod
uctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
oper
atio
ns a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
e ha
rves
ting
even
t. Th
ere
is
no in
tent
ion
for t
his
guid
ance
act
ion
to d
isco
urag
e th
e sa
le a
nd/o
r off-
site
use
of a
ny
harv
este
d m
ater
ial o
r res
idue
(for
exa
mpl
e, a
s bi
ofue
l).
Site
pre
para
tion
tech
niqu
es in
clud
ing
rippi
ng, p
loug
hing
and
mou
ndin
g co
uld
be u
sed
to
prom
ote
succ
essf
ul tr
ee e
stab
lishm
ent a
nd g
row
th, a
lthou
gh s
uch
tech
niqu
es m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d co
nduc
ted
in s
uch
a m
anne
r as
to n
ot c
ompr
omis
e so
il sta
bilit
y, o
r cau
se
sedi
men
tatio
n of
wat
erw
ays
or d
estru
ctio
n of
wet
land
s.
Site
pre
para
tion
by n
on-m
echa
nica
l mea
ns (s
uch
as b
y sp
ot h
erbi
cide
trea
tmen
t) sh
ould
be
con
side
red
near
wat
erw
ays,
to p
rote
ct s
oil v
alue
s, a
nd b
e co
nduc
ted
in a
way
that
m
inim
ises
risk
s to
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
. Whe
re c
hem
ical
s ar
e us
ed, r
efer
to
sect
ion
4.3.
2.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.3.
1.1
If w
aste
tim
ber
and
debr
is a
re to
be
burn
ed, t
hen
burn
ing
mus
t min
imis
e da
mag
e to
re
tain
ed n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
with
in o
r ou
tsid
e th
e op
erat
iona
l are
a.
4.3.
1.2
Bur
ning
mus
t not
be
cond
ucte
d un
der
pow
er li
nes
exce
pt w
ith a
ppro
val f
rom
the
elec
tric
ity s
uppl
y an
d di
strib
utio
n au
thor
ity.
4.3.
1.3
Whe
re w
indr
ows
or h
eaps
are
cre
ated
, soi
l with
in th
em m
ust b
e ke
pt to
a m
inim
um.
Whe
n cr
eatin
g w
indr
ows
or h
eaps
, soi
l mov
emen
t can
be
min
imis
ed b
y us
ing
appr
opria
te
mac
hine
ry (s
uch
as b
ulld
ozer
s fit
ted
with
stic
k-ra
ke b
lade
s or
exc
avat
ors
fitte
d w
ith
grab
s), a
nd b
y us
ing
skille
d op
erat
ors.
44 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.3.
2C
hem
ical
usa
ge
Fert
iliser
s m
ay b
e ap
plie
d at
est
ablis
hmen
t and
dur
ing
the
life
of th
e pl
anta
tion
to
stim
ulat
e gr
owth
and
cor
rect
nut
rient
defi
cien
cies
. Che
mic
als
may
als
o be
use
d to
lim
it co
mpe
titio
n fro
m g
rass
es a
nd w
eeds
to m
axim
ise
tree
gro
wth
or
to m
anag
e tr
ee
dise
ases
or
nutr
ient
defi
cien
cies
affe
ctin
g tr
ee h
ealth
.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Fert
iliser
and
che
mic
als
are
only
use
d w
here
app
ropr
iate
to th
e si
te c
ondi
tions
and
ci
rcum
stan
ces
and
with
car
e fo
r th
e m
aint
enan
ce a
nd p
rote
ctio
n of
wat
er q
ualit
y,
biod
iver
sity
, soi
l val
ues
and
neig
hbou
ring
land
use
s.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.3.
2.1
Che
mic
al u
se m
ust b
e ap
prop
riate
to th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce a
nd c
ondu
cted
with
due
co
nsid
erat
ion
give
n to
the
mai
nten
ance
of w
ater
qua
lity,
soi
l and
bio
dive
rsity
. Pot
entia
l of
f-si
te, n
on-t
arge
t im
pact
s m
ust b
e m
inim
ised
.
The
Aus
tralia
n Fe
rtilis
er S
ervi
ces
Ass
ocia
tion
has
deve
lope
d vo
lunt
ary
code
s of
pra
ctic
e fo
r the
resp
onsi
ble
appl
icat
ion
of fe
rtilis
er, t
o pr
otec
t wat
erw
ays
and
othe
r val
ues.
The
se
may
ass
ist i
n ef
ficie
nt a
nd e
ffect
ive
ferti
liser
use
.
Her
bici
des:
gui
delin
es fo
r use
in a
nd a
roun
d w
ater
(Coo
pera
tive
Res
earc
h C
entre
for
Aus
tralia
n W
eed
Man
agem
ent)
prov
ides
use
ful g
uide
lines
for t
he a
ppro
pria
te u
se o
f he
rbic
ides
to c
ontro
l wee
ds n
ear w
ater
way
s.
Whe
re c
hem
ical
s ar
e to
be
used
, a c
hem
ical
app
licat
ion
plan
(tha
t spe
cifie
s th
e ta
rget
, the
ch
emic
als,
targ
et a
rea
appl
icat
ion
rate
s, m
etho
ds a
nd o
pera
tiona
l con
trols
) may
min
imis
e un
inte
nded
off-
targ
et a
nd o
ff-si
te im
pact
s. It
cou
ld a
lso
addr
ess
the
timin
g an
d a
proc
ess
for a
ny n
otific
atio
ns.
4.3.
2.2
Whe
n us
ing
herb
icid
es o
r pe
stic
ides
in d
ecla
red
Spe
cial
Wat
er S
uppl
y C
atch
men
t A
reas
, the
rele
vant
Wat
er A
utho
rity
mus
t be
notifi
ed p
rior
to a
pplic
atio
n.D
ecla
red
spec
ial a
reas
(wat
er s
uppl
y ca
tchm
ents
), al
so re
ferre
d to
as
decl
ared
wat
er
supp
ly c
atch
men
ts o
r spe
cial
wat
er s
uppl
y ca
tchm
ent a
reas
, are
pro
clai
med
und
er th
e C
atch
men
t and
Lan
d P
rote
ctio
n A
ct 1
994
to re
cogn
ise
desi
gnat
ed c
atch
men
ts fo
r wat
er
supp
ly p
urpo
ses.
Dec
lara
tion
is in
itiat
ed b
y th
e re
leva
nt C
MA
.
Sch
edul
e 5
of th
e A
ct lis
ts d
ecla
red
spec
ial w
ater
sup
ply
catc
hmen
t are
as.
‘The
rele
vant
wat
er a
utho
rity’
is th
e w
ater
cor
pora
tion
that
dra
ws
wat
er fr
om th
e de
clar
ed
wat
er s
uppl
y ca
tchm
ent.
Wat
er c
orpo
ratio
ns a
re lis
ted
in s
ched
ule
1 of
the
Wat
er A
ct 1
989.
This
is a
not
ificat
ion,
ther
e is
no
requ
irem
ent f
or p
erm
issi
on.
4.3.
3P
lant
atio
n he
alth
Pla
ntat
ion
heal
th m
ay b
e pr
omot
ed th
roug
h m
anag
emen
t pra
ctic
es s
uch
as th
inni
ng,
salv
age
fellin
g, w
eed,
pes
t and
dis
ease
con
trol
, to
ensu
re th
e on
goin
g vi
abilit
y of
the
stan
d an
d av
oid
impa
cts
on n
earb
y la
ndow
ners
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 45
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Pla
ntat
ion
heal
th is
mon
itore
d an
d m
aint
aine
d by
em
ploy
ing
appr
opria
te p
reve
ntiv
e,
prot
ectiv
e an
d re
med
ial m
easu
res.
The
risks
pos
ed b
y pe
st p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s, a
nd p
atho
gens
and
oth
er e
nviro
nmen
tal
stre
sses
, to
plan
tatio
n he
alth
sho
uld
be a
sses
sed
regu
larly
and
sys
tem
atic
ally,
so
that
pr
oble
ms
are
dete
cted
ear
ly a
nd a
ppro
pria
te re
med
ial s
trate
gies
are
impl
emen
ted.
Vario
us a
spec
ts o
f pla
ntat
ion
heal
th c
ould
be
mon
itore
d an
d do
cum
ente
d (a
ided
by
phot
ogra
phic
reco
rds
as a
ppro
pria
te) i
n as
sess
men
ts in
clud
ing
crow
n an
d fo
liage
co
nditi
on, p
rese
nce
of d
amag
ing
agen
ts a
nd d
escr
iptio
n of
dam
age
leve
ls.
Suc
cess
ful c
ontro
l or m
anag
emen
t of p
lant
atio
n he
alth
pro
blem
s m
ay re
quire
coo
rdin
ated
ac
tion
invo
lvin
g ad
jace
nt la
ndho
lder
s an
d ot
her f
ores
t ow
ners
.
Nur
sery
sto
ck u
sed
for p
lant
atio
n es
tabl
ishm
ent s
houl
d be
car
eful
ly s
cree
ned
or tr
eate
d so
as
to a
void
the
acci
dent
al s
prea
d of
wee
ds, p
atho
gens
or p
ests
.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.3.
3.1
If th
e in
trod
uctio
n of
an
exot
ic a
gent
is s
uspe
cted
, DE
PI’s
Bio
secu
rity
sect
ion
mus
t be
info
rmed
.A
n ‘e
xotic
age
nt’ r
efer
s to
non
-nat
ive
plan
t pes
ts, i
nsec
t or a
nim
al p
ests
, and
dis
ease
s.
4.3.
3.2
Whe
re th
ere
is a
kno
wn
risk
of in
trod
ucin
g pe
sts
and
path
ogen
s, th
e ris
k m
ust b
e m
inim
ised
thro
ugh
appr
opria
te tr
eatm
ent o
f equ
ipm
ent w
hen
mov
ing
from
kno
wn
infe
cted
are
as.
The
risk
asse
ssm
ent m
atrix
in A
ppen
dix
2 m
ay a
ssis
t in
eval
uatin
g th
e ris
k (b
ased
on
its
likel
ihoo
d an
d co
nseq
uenc
es) a
nd in
iden
tifyi
ng a
ppro
pria
te re
spon
ses.
‘Equ
ipm
ent’
refe
rs to
any
item
s (s
uch
as m
achi
nery
, veh
icle
s or
see
dlin
g tra
ys) t
hat c
ould
tra
nsfe
r pes
ts a
nd p
atho
gens
from
one
site
to a
noth
er.
4.3.
3.3
Tree
s in
the
vici
nity
of p
ower
line
s th
at a
re s
uffe
ring
from
dam
age
or d
isea
se m
ust b
e re
mov
ed w
here
they
are
at r
isk
of fa
lling
and
mak
ing
cont
act w
ith p
ower
line
s.P
lant
atio
n ow
ners
/man
ager
s ar
e en
cour
aged
to lia
ise
with
the
rele
vant
ele
ctric
ity
trans
mis
sion
or d
istri
butio
n co
mpa
ny to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
com
pany
or t
he p
lant
atio
n ow
ner i
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r tre
e re
mov
al w
here
nec
essa
ry.
46 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4
Pla
ntat
ion
road
ing
This
sec
tion
cove
rs th
e pl
anni
ng, d
esig
n, c
onst
ruct
ion,
mai
nten
ance
and
use
of
plan
tatio
n ro
ads
and
stre
am c
ross
ings
.S
ectio
n 4.
4 of
the
code
app
lies
to te
mpo
rary
and
per
man
ent (
plan
tatio
n) ro
ads,
as
defin
ed in
the
code
’s g
loss
ary.
Thu
s ‘ro
ads’
refe
rs to
tim
ber c
arta
ge in
frast
ruct
ure
(that
is,
suita
ble
for t
ruck
s) le
adin
g fro
m c
oupe
land
ings
(or l
og, c
hip
or o
ther
load
ing
site
s) to
the
road
net
wor
k be
yond
the
plan
tatio
n pr
oper
ty o
r est
ate,
or r
oadi
ng in
frast
ruct
ure
othe
rwis
e re
quire
d fo
r the
con
tinui
ng m
anag
emen
t of t
he p
lant
atio
n pr
oper
ty o
r est
ate.
The
plan
ning
, des
ign
and
cons
truct
ion
of p
lant
atio
n ro
ads
can
be s
ched
uled
to s
uit t
he
timin
g of
ope
ratio
ns th
ey a
re in
tend
ed to
ser
vice
. For
exa
mpl
e, it
is a
ckno
wle
dged
that
ro
ad c
onst
ruct
ion
or u
pgra
ding
to c
ater
for t
imbe
r car
tage
can
be
defe
rred
until
clo
se to
th
e sc
hedu
led
time
of h
arve
stin
g.
Cod
e pr
ovis
ions
for t
rack
s co
nstru
cted
or u
sed
for s
nigg
ing
or fo
rwar
ding
logs
from
with
in
a ha
rves
ting
coup
e to
a lo
g la
ndin
g or
load
ing
site
are
at s
ectio
n 4.
5.3.
‘Stre
am c
ross
ings
’ inc
lude
s cr
ossi
ngs
of s
tream
s an
d ot
her w
ater
way
s.
Sec
tion
4.4
does
not
app
ly to
road
s th
at a
re th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of a
road
aut
horit
y as
de
scrib
ed in
the
Roa
d M
anag
emen
t Act
200
4, u
nles
s an
arra
ngem
ent w
ith th
e ro
ad
auth
ority
to u
se s
uch
road
for p
lant
atio
n op
erat
ions
spe
cific
ally
requ
ires
othe
rwis
e.
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
The
man
agem
ent o
f all
road
s th
at a
re p
art o
f tim
ber
prod
uctio
n ta
kes
acco
unt o
f en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd c
ultu
ral v
alue
s, th
e sa
fety
of r
oad
user
s an
d th
e in
tend
ed u
se o
f the
ro
ad.
4.4.
1R
oad
pla
nnin
g
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
1.1
Roa
d pl
anni
ng fo
r ne
w ro
ads
mus
t:
i. id
entif
y an
d re
cord
pos
sibl
e en
viro
nmen
tal r
isks
and
con
stru
ctio
n di
fficu
lties
, so
that
ad
equa
te d
esig
n st
anda
rds
can
be u
sed,
and
so
that
con
stru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es c
an b
e tim
ed to
min
imis
e ris
ks a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith w
et w
eath
er
ii.
loca
te ro
ads
to m
inim
ise
risks
to e
nviro
nmen
tal v
alue
s, p
artic
ular
ly s
oil,
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d riv
er h
ealth
, dur
ing
both
con
stru
ctio
n an
d on
goin
g ro
ad u
se, w
hile
ens
urin
g ro
ad u
ser
safe
ty
iii.
min
imis
e th
e nu
mbe
r of
str
eam
cro
ssin
gs.
‘Iden
tify
and
reco
rd’ m
eans
in a
man
ner t
hat w
ould
allo
w v
erific
atio
n of
com
plia
nce
if ne
cess
ary
for c
ode
audi
ting
or m
onito
ring
requ
irem
ents
.
‘Stre
am c
ross
ings
’ in
this
inst
ance
incl
udes
cro
ssin
gs o
f stre
ams
and
othe
r wat
erw
ays.
Pla
ns fo
r per
man
ent a
nd te
mp
orar
y ro
ad(s
) sho
uld
be b
ased
on
field
insp
ectio
ns, t
o en
sure
that
all e
nviro
nmen
tally
sen
sitiv
e lo
catio
ns a
re id
entifi
ed a
nd a
ppro
pria
te d
esig
n an
d co
nstru
ctio
n te
chni
ques
ado
pted
. The
cod
e’s
glos
sary
defi
nes
a te
mp
orar
y ro
ad
as ‘a
tim
ber-e
xtra
ctio
n ro
ad c
onst
ruct
ed s
peci
fical
ly fo
r use
dur
ing
harv
estin
g an
d cl
osed
at
the
com
plet
ion
of o
pera
tions
’. Fo
r the
pur
pose
s of
this
gui
danc
e, th
e de
scrip
tion
may
be
ext
ende
d to
incl
ude
road
s co
nstru
cted
or u
sed
for p
lant
atio
n es
tabl
ishm
ent o
r re-
esta
blis
hmen
t tha
t are
to b
e cl
osed
at t
he c
ompl
etio
n of
thes
e op
erat
ions
.
Mat
chin
g th
e ro
ad ro
ute
with
the
topo
grap
hy o
f the
land
will
min
imis
e ea
rthw
orks
and
the
pote
ntia
l for
adv
erse
wat
er-q
ualit
y im
pact
s.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 47
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Und
erta
king
nec
essa
ry u
pgra
des
on s
tream
cro
ssin
gs a
long
the
plan
ned
carta
ge ro
utes
w
ithin
the
plan
tatio
n pr
oper
ty b
ound
ary
will
assi
st in
min
imis
ing
wat
er-q
ualit
y im
pact
s du
e to
incr
ease
d tra
ffic
volu
mes
.
Per
iodi
c re
view
s of
the
road
ing
netw
ork
will
help
to e
nsur
e ne
twor
ks a
re s
uffic
ient
for
inte
nded
use
s an
d co
mpl
y w
ith re
leva
nt s
tand
ards
, and
will
help
iden
tify
and
treat
any
ris
ks to
env
ironm
enta
l val
ues.
Whe
re th
ere
is p
oten
tial A
borig
inal
her
itage
pre
sent
, the
dev
elop
men
t of a
n A
borig
inal
C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t Pla
n (C
HM
P),
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
trad
ition
al o
wne
rs a
nd
any
othe
r rel
evan
t Abo
rigin
al g
roup
, will
assi
st in
iden
tifyi
ng a
nd m
itiga
ting
any
impa
cts
on
know
n cu
ltura
l her
itage
val
ues.
Whe
n pl
anni
ng ro
adin
g w
ithin
a p
lant
atio
n, th
e pr
ovis
ion
of a
ppro
pria
te fi
re a
cces
s ro
utes
sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed.
Ro
ad p
lann
ing
Exa
mp
le o
f g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
Pla
nnin
g an
d bu
ildin
g pe
rman
ent r
oads
wel
l in a
dvan
ce o
f har
vest
ing
oper
atio
ns:
• en
able
s th
em to
be
loca
ted
on a
lignm
ents
and
gra
des
that
pro
vide
the
requ
ired
stan
dard
of s
afe
acce
ss fo
r ex
pect
ed tr
affic
load
ings
, with
out c
ompr
omis
ing
wat
er
qual
ity o
r ot
her
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues
• al
low
s th
em to
be
cons
truc
ted
unde
r su
itabl
e w
eath
er c
ondi
tions
• al
low
s tim
e fo
r th
em to
bec
ome
wel
l-con
solid
ated
and
sta
ble,
prio
r to
use
• en
able
s co
nstr
uctio
n to
be
kept
to th
e m
inim
um n
eces
sary
to s
atis
fy m
anag
emen
t re
quire
men
ts (f
or e
xam
ple,
to m
inim
ise
as fa
r as
pos
sibl
e th
e ne
ed fo
r st
ream
cr
ossi
ngs)
.
4.4.
2R
oad
des
ign
Roa
d de
sign
incl
udes
the
cons
ider
atio
n of
traf
fic ty
pe a
nd v
olum
e, s
urfa
ce m
ater
ials
, ro
ad s
hape
as
wel
l as
road
infra
stru
ctur
e in
clud
ing
culv
erts
, dra
ins,
bat
ters
, brid
ges
and
ford
s.
Goo
d ro
ad d
esig
n is
vita
l for
mai
ntai
ning
wat
er q
ualit
y. It
is im
port
ant t
o co
ntro
l the
sp
eed
(and
hen
ce e
rosi
vity
) of w
ater
, and
to p
rovi
de th
e gr
eate
st p
ossi
ble
infil
trat
ion
to
trap
sed
imen
ts b
efor
e di
scha
rge
into
wat
erw
ays.
48 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
2.1
Pla
ntat
ion
road
s m
ust b
e de
sign
ed to
a s
tand
ard
capa
ble
of c
arry
ing
antic
ipat
ed tr
affic
w
ith re
ason
able
saf
ety,
and
mee
ting
code
requ
irem
ents
, par
ticul
arly
wat
er q
ualit
y.Im
port
ant c
onsi
dera
tions
in ro
ad d
esig
n in
clud
e th
e se
ason
of h
arve
stin
g, v
olum
e an
d ty
pe o
f tra
ffic,
con
stru
ctio
n st
anda
rds
spec
ified
in th
e pl
anni
ng s
chem
e (o
r a
perm
it is
sued
und
er th
e pl
anni
ng s
chem
e), a
nd th
e w
ater
-qua
lity
valu
es to
be
prot
ecte
d.
On
stee
p sl
opes
, eng
inee
ring
advi
ce w
ill as
sist
in m
inim
isin
g th
e ris
k of
road
failu
re.
Trac
ks s
houl
d be
des
igne
d w
ith a
vie
w to
min
imis
ing
slop
e an
d cr
oss
fall,
to a
ssis
t dr
aina
ge. ‘
Slo
pe’ m
eans
the
long
itudi
nal g
rade
of t
he tr
ack.
‘Cro
ss fa
ll’ m
eans
acr
oss
the
long
itudi
nal d
irect
ion
of th
e tr
ack.
Roa
d de
sign
sho
uld
seek
to in
crea
se th
e fre
quen
cy o
f roa
d dr
aina
ge in
are
as w
here
th
e ris
k of
soi
l ent
erin
g w
ater
way
s is
hig
h.
Dra
inag
e de
sign
sho
uld
max
imis
e th
e us
e of
dis
char
ging
wat
er to
veg
etat
ed a
reas
. S
edim
ent f
rom
ope
ratio
nal r
oads
is d
omin
ated
by
fine
susp
ende
d m
ater
ial,
ther
efor
e in
filtr
atio
n in
to s
oil i
s on
e of
the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e re
med
ial s
trat
egie
s.
Roa
ds m
ay b
e de
sign
ed a
nd m
anag
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
:
• R
oad
clas
sific
atio
ns, g
eom
etric
des
igns
and
mai
nten
ance
sta
ndar
ds fo
r low
vo
lum
e ro
ads
(Giu
mm
arra
200
1)
• U
nsea
led
road
s m
anua
l: G
uide
lines
to g
ood
prac
tice
(AR
RB
200
0)
• G
uide
lines
for a
sses
smen
t of a
pplic
atio
ns fo
r Per
mits
and
Lic
ence
s fo
r wor
ks o
n w
ater
way
s (S
incl
air
Kni
ght M
erz
2001
).
Brid
ges
shou
ld b
e de
sign
ed in
acc
orda
nce
with
AS
510
0 –
2004
Aus
tral
ian
Brid
ge
Des
ign
Cod
e .
Whe
re p
ossi
ble,
str
eam
cro
ssin
gs s
houl
d be
ade
quat
ely
elev
ated
, and
low
ap
proa
ches
mai
ntai
ned,
so
that
wat
er d
rain
s aw
ay fr
om th
e cr
ossi
ng p
oint
and
is
disc
harg
ed in
to v
eget
ated
are
as, r
athe
r th
an fl
owin
g di
rect
ly d
own
the
cros
sing
to th
e st
ream
cha
nnel
.
Pla
cing
gra
vel s
urfa
cing
with
a lo
w s
edim
ent-
gene
ratin
g po
tent
ial o
n th
e ro
ad a
rea
on b
ridge
app
roac
hes,
and
on
unsu
rface
d br
idge
s or
cul
vert
s, w
ill as
sist
in re
duci
ng
impa
cts
on w
ater
qua
lity.
Whe
re th
ere
are
exte
nded
ste
ep a
ppro
ache
s to
wat
erw
ays,
ex
tend
ing
the
leng
th o
f gra
vel s
urfa
cing
may
be
nece
ssar
y.
4.4.
2.2
All
fill d
ispo
sal a
reas
and
em
bank
men
ts m
ust b
e pl
anne
d an
d de
sign
ed to
min
imis
e so
il er
osio
n, m
ass
soil
mov
emen
t, an
d po
tent
ial w
ater
qua
lity
dete
riora
tion.
4.4.
2.3
Str
eam
cro
ssin
gs m
ust b
e de
sign
ed a
ccor
ding
to th
e na
ture
, siz
e an
d pe
riod
of fl
ow
(bot
h pr
e an
d an
ticip
ated
pos
t-ha
rves
t) an
d ch
arac
teris
tics
of th
e be
d an
d ba
nks
of th
e st
ream
.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 49
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4.
2.4
App
ropr
iate
dra
inag
e m
ust b
e pr
ovid
ed. S
paci
ng o
f dra
inag
e ou
tlets
alo
ng a
road
mus
t ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt s
oil e
rodi
bilit
y, th
e ra
infa
ll er
osiv
ity, a
nd th
e pr
oxim
ity o
f the
road
to
stre
ams.
Ene
rgy
diss
ipat
ing
stru
ctur
es o
r si
lt tr
aps
mus
t be
used
whe
re n
eces
sary
to
redu
ce w
ater
vel
ocity
and
trap
sed
imen
ts.
Roa
d de
sign
sho
uld
seek
to in
crea
se th
e fre
quen
cy o
f roa
d dr
aina
ge in
are
as w
here
th
e ris
k of
soi
l ent
erin
g w
ater
way
s is
hig
h.
Dra
inag
e de
sign
sho
uld
max
imis
e th
e us
e of
dis
char
ging
wat
er to
veg
etat
ed a
reas
. S
edim
ent f
rom
ope
ratio
nal r
oads
is d
omin
ated
by
fine
susp
ende
d m
ater
ial,
ther
efor
e in
filtr
atio
n in
to s
oil i
s on
e of
the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e re
med
ial s
trat
egie
s.
To a
void
turb
id w
ater
dis
char
ge in
to w
ater
way
s, e
nerg
y-di
ssip
atin
g st
ruct
ures
, silt
tr
aps
or o
ther
pro
tect
ive
mea
sure
s m
ay b
e us
ed to
dis
char
ge w
ater
into
und
istu
rbed
ve
geta
tion.
Pla
cing
ade
quat
e dr
aina
ge s
truc
ture
s ab
out 2
0 m
from
a w
ater
way
will
allo
w d
isch
arge
ont
o un
dist
urbe
d ve
geta
tion
and
max
imis
e th
e flo
w d
ista
nce
betw
een
the
drai
nage
out
let a
nd th
e w
ater
way
.
Add
ition
al d
rain
age
mea
sure
s sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed (s
uch
as c
row
ning
or
cros
s fa
ll) to
ens
ure
that
wat
er w
ithin
20
m o
f a w
ater
way
dis
char
ges
into
und
istu
rbed
ve
geta
tion.
Whe
re th
is is
not
pos
sibl
e, d
rain
age
shou
ld n
ot e
nter
dire
ctly
into
a
perm
anen
t or
tem
pora
ry s
trea
m w
ithou
t pas
sing
thro
ugh
an a
ppro
pria
te s
edim
ent
cont
rol s
truc
ture
(suc
h as
a s
edim
ent p
ond
or s
ilt tr
ap).
App
endi
x 1
prov
ides
an
appr
oach
to e
stim
atin
g ra
infa
ll er
osiv
ity.
Det
erm
inin
g r
un-o
ff v
olu
me
and
dep
th t
o a
ssis
t ro
ad d
rain
age
des
ign
Det
erm
ine
peak
dis
char
ge (Q
) usi
ng th
e ra
tiona
l met
hod
desc
ribed
in A
ustr
alia
n ra
infa
ll an
d ru
noff
: a g
uide
to fl
ood
estim
atio
n (P
ilgrim
, 198
7, p
293
).
The
ratio
nal m
etho
d us
es th
e eq
uatio
n Q
= C
. I. A
/360
, whe
re:
• Q
= p
eak
disc
harg
e (m
3s-1
)
• C
= r
un-o
ff co
-effi
cien
t (0.
85 fo
r ro
ad s
urfa
ce, 0
.1–0
.2 fo
r fo
rest
)
• I =
rai
nfal
l int
ensi
ty (m
m h
r-1)
for
desi
gn e
vent
(1-in
-5-
or 1
-in-1
0-ye
ar re
curr
ence
in
terv
al)
• A
= c
atch
men
t are
a.
To c
onve
rt r
un-o
ff vo
lum
e in
to a
min
imum
dep
th o
f wat
er fl
ow, u
se th
e V-
Not
ch w
eir
equa
tion
(Kin
g 19
54) D
= 5
5.Q
0.0
4 w
here
:
• Q
= p
eak
disc
harg
e m
3s-1
• D
= d
epth
of fl
ow in
mm
.
Thes
e ca
lcul
atio
ns c
an a
ssis
t in
dete
rmin
ing
the
appr
opria
te c
ulve
rt s
izes
to u
se
durin
g ro
ad c
ons
truc
tion.
50 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Ro
ad d
rain
age
des
ign:
Exa
mp
le o
f g
oo
d in
dus
try
pra
ctic
e
Ro
ad b
atte
r d
esig
n: E
xam
ple
of
go
od
ind
ustr
y p
ract
ice
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 51
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4.
2.5
Dra
inag
e on
to e
xpos
ed e
rodi
ble
soil
or o
ver
fill s
lope
s m
ust b
e av
oide
d w
here
pos
sibl
e.
Str
uctu
res
and
eart
hwor
ks re
quire
d to
avo
id s
uch
disc
harg
es m
ust b
e id
entifi
ed d
urin
g pl
anni
ng a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
as re
quire
d.
4.4.
2.6
Str
eam
cro
ssin
gs m
ust b
e ap
prop
riate
ly d
esig
ned
to m
inim
ise
barr
iers
to th
e pa
ssag
e of
fis
h an
d ot
her
aqua
tic fa
una.
For
guid
ance
, see
fish
pas
sage
requ
irem
ents
for w
ater
way
cro
ssin
gs (N
SW
Fis
herie
s 20
03),
at h
ttp:
//w
ww
.dpi
.nsw
.gov
.au/
__da
ta/a
sset
s/pd
f_fil
e/00
04/2
0269
3/W
hy-d
o-fis
h-ne
ed-t
o-cr
oss-
the-
road
_boo
klet
4.4.
3R
oad
co
nstr
uctio
n
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
3.1
Roa
d co
nstr
uctio
n m
ust b
e co
nduc
ted
in a
man
ner
cons
iste
nt w
ith p
lans
and
des
igns
.R
oad
co
nstr
uctio
n sh
ould
be
cond
ucte
d w
hen
rain
fall
and
soil
cond
ition
s m
inim
ise
the
risk
of e
rosi
on a
nd th
e po
tent
ial o
ff-si
te im
pact
on
wat
er q
ualit
y.
4.4.
3.2
All
fill d
ispo
sal a
reas
mus
t be
stab
ilised
and
reha
bilit
ated
whe
n no
long
er re
quire
d.
Sta
bilis
atio
n ca
n be
ach
ieve
d by
mea
sure
s su
ch a
s, b
ut n
ot li
mite
d to
, rev
eget
atio
n an
d th
e us
e of
ero
sion
-con
trol
mat
eria
ls. A
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
can
be fo
und
in
Uns
eale
d ro
ads
man
ual:
Gui
delin
es to
goo
d pr
actic
e (A
RR
B 2
000)
.
4.4.
3.3
Ade
quat
e te
mpo
rary
sta
bilis
atio
n m
ust b
e em
ploy
ed to
dea
l with
site
ear
thw
ork
drai
nage
and
ero
sion
-con
trol
if ro
ad c
onst
ruct
ion
is h
alte
d or
sus
pend
ed fo
r an
y re
ason
.S
tabi
lisat
ion
can
be a
chie
ved
by m
easu
res
such
as,
but
not
lim
ited
to, r
eveg
etat
ion
and
use
of e
rosi
on-c
ontr
ol m
ater
ials
. Add
ition
al in
form
atio
n ca
n be
foun
d in
Uns
eale
d ro
ads
man
ual:
Gui
delin
es to
goo
d pr
actic
e (A
RR
B 2
000)
.
4.4.
3.4
Qua
rry
mat
eria
ls m
ust n
ot b
e us
ed if
kno
wn
to b
e in
fect
ed w
ith P
hyto
phth
ora
cinn
amon
i.Th
e lik
elih
ood
of P
hyto
phth
ora
cinn
amom
i pre
senc
e in
qua
rry
mat
eria
ls m
ay b
e in
dica
ted
by s
urve
ying
sus
cept
ible
veg
etat
ion
spec
ies
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f the
qua
rry
for
evid
ence
of t
he p
atho
gen.
Ref
er to
A F
ield
Gui
de to
Pla
ntat
ion
Hea
lth S
urve
illanc
e in
Vi
ctor
ia (D
PI 2
008)
for
mor
e in
form
atio
n.
Whe
re w
arra
nted
, tes
ting
of th
e qu
arry
mat
eria
l for
the
path
ogen
prio
r to
use
wou
ld
prov
ide
grea
ter
cert
aint
y.
Test
ing
for
P. c
inna
mom
i is
avai
labl
e th
roug
h Fo
rest
Hea
lth s
taff
at th
e S
choo
l of
Fore
st a
nd E
cosy
stem
Sci
ence
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Mel
bour
ne.
52 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4.
3.5
Roa
d co
nstr
uctio
n op
erat
ions
mus
t ens
ure
that
:
i. di
stur
banc
e to
str
eam
bed
s an
d ba
nks
is k
ept t
o a
min
imum
ii.
soil
and
rock
fill
is n
ot p
ushe
d in
to s
trea
ms,
nor
pla
ced
into
a p
ositi
on w
here
ther
e
is a
ris
k th
at it
will
erod
e in
to a
str
eam
cem
ent,
raw
con
cret
e, s
oil fi
ll an
d ot
her
road
mak
ing
mat
eria
ls a
re n
ot s
pilt
into
w
ater
cour
ses
durin
g an
y co
nstr
uctio
n.
Go
od
co
nstr
ucti
on
pra
ctic
es
Exa
mp
les
of g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• E
nsur
ing
that
road
s ar
e co
nstr
ucte
d so
that
wat
er fl
ow o
r po
tent
ial w
ater
flow
al
ong
the
road
sur
face
and
/or
in ta
ble
drai
ns d
oes
not g
ener
ate
eros
ive
pow
er,
by in
stal
ling
drai
nage
str
uctu
res
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e sp
acin
gs s
peci
fied
in th
e ta
ble
belo
w, a
llow
ing
for
varia
tions
bas
ed o
n lo
cal e
xper
ienc
e.
• D
eter
min
ing
the
capa
city
of d
rain
age
stru
ctur
es (s
uch
as c
ulve
rts,
mitr
e dr
ains
and
w
ater
way
cro
ssin
gs) t
o co
pe w
ith 1
-in-5
-yea
r st
orm
eve
nts
usin
g th
e pr
oced
ure
outli
ned
in G
uide
line
4.4.
2.4.
• D
ispe
rsin
g di
scha
rge
from
road
dra
ins
onto
und
istu
rbed
veg
etat
ion
and
litte
r or,
whe
n th
ere
is n
o un
dist
urbe
d ve
geta
tion,
ont
o lo
ggin
g sl
ash
or, w
here
nec
essa
ry, o
nto
a sp
ecia
lly in
stal
led
non-
eros
ive
surfa
ce (s
uch
as ro
ck s
pill,
gutte
ring
or g
eofa
bric
).
• W
here
app
ropr
iate
, con
stru
ctin
g he
ad w
alls
and
sed
imen
t tra
ps in
tabl
e dr
ains
at
culv
ert i
nlet
s.
• W
here
ther
e is
evi
denc
e of
ero
sion
at d
rain
out
lets
, adj
ustin
g th
e dr
ain
spac
ing
to
redu
ce d
isch
arge
vol
umes
, or
rein
stat
ing
mea
sure
s to
dis
sipa
te o
r sl
ow th
e ou
tlet
disc
harg
e flo
w (s
uch
as ro
ck s
pill,
gut
terin
g or
str
aw b
arrie
rs).
• K
eepi
ng th
e w
idth
of v
eget
atio
n cl
eara
nce
alon
g ro
ad a
lignm
ents
to a
min
imum
. W
here
cle
arin
g ne
eds
to e
xcee
d 3
m fr
om th
e ro
ad e
dge,
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
pr
actic
es, i
nclu
ding
:-
reta
inin
g in
exc
ess
of 7
0% g
roun
dcov
er-
reta
inin
g an
d sp
read
ing
slas
h so
that
in e
xces
s of
70%
gro
undc
over
is a
chie
ved
- re
tain
ing
and
resp
read
ing
tops
oil
- pr
ovid
ing
artifi
cial
gro
undc
over
(suc
h as
geo
text
ile, s
traw
mul
ch o
r er
osio
n-co
ntro
l mat
ting)
.
Equ
ippi
ng u
nsta
ble
fill b
atte
rs o
ver
1 m
in h
eigh
t with
a d
rop
stru
ctur
e an
d di
ssip
ater
fo
r dr
aina
ge, a
nd/o
r en
cour
agin
g th
eir
reve
geta
tion.
Tab
le 4
: Rec
om
men
ded
max
imum
dis
tanc
es (i
n m
etre
s) b
etw
een
run-
off
s,
cro
ss d
rain
s an
d c
ulve
rts
on
pla
ntat
ion
road
s
Ro
ad g
rad
e
Soi
l er
odib
ility
1:50
1° 2%
1:25
2° 4%
1:15
3.5°
6.5%
1:12
4.5°
8%
1:10
6° 10%
1:8
7° 12%
1:7
8° 14%
1:5
11°
20%
Low
250
170
130
115
100
100
100
100
Mod
erat
e20
015
012
010
510
010
010
0R
D
Hig
h16
013
011
095
8065
40R
D
No
tes:
1. R
D =
ro
ad d
isco
urag
ed. 2
. So
il er
od
ibili
ty c
an b
e d
eter
min
ed b
y re
ferr
ing
to
Ap
pen
dix
1.
Whe
re it
ind
icat
es t
hat
a p
artic
ular
site
has
ver
y hi
gh
ero
dib
ility
, the
max
imum
dis
tanc
es b
etw
een
dra
inag
e st
ruct
ures
may
nee
d t
o b
e re
duc
ed.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 53
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
Cul
vert
inst
alla
tio
n: E
xam
ple
of
go
od
ind
ustr
y p
ract
ice
54 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4.
4R
oad
mai
nten
ance
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
4.1
Roa
ds u
sed
for
timbe
r ha
ulag
e m
ust b
e m
aint
aine
d to
min
imis
e er
osio
n an
d pr
otec
t w
ater
qua
lity
and
othe
r en
viro
nmen
tal v
alue
s.G
oo
d m
aint
enan
ce p
ract
ices
Exa
mp
les
of g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• R
egul
ar m
aint
enan
ce o
f the
road
sha
pe a
nd s
urfa
ce d
urin
g an
d im
med
iate
ly
follo
win
g lo
g ha
ulag
e op
erat
ions
, to
mai
ntai
n th
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of th
e ro
ad
drai
nage
sys
tem
.
• W
here
it d
oes
not r
educ
e th
eir
effe
ctiv
enes
s, re
tain
ing
light
veg
etat
ion
and
orga
nic
debr
is w
ithin
tabl
e dr
ains
, to
trap
sed
imen
t.
• C
ontr
ollin
g ve
geta
tion
besi
de p
erm
anen
t roa
ds, t
o m
aint
ain
and
impr
ove
visi
bilit
y fo
r dr
iver
s.
• P
reve
ntin
g ve
geta
tion
from
inva
ding
the
road
sur
face
or
bloc
king
tabl
e dr
ains
.
• O
peni
ng re
gula
r ho
les
in a
ny s
oil w
indr
ows
that
form
on
the
oute
r ed
ge o
f roa
d ve
rges
, to
enab
le w
ater
to d
rain
from
the
road
sur
face
.
• K
eepi
ng ro
ad s
urfa
ces
and
tabl
e dr
ains
free
of l
oggi
ng s
lash
.
• P
reve
ntin
g cu
lver
t inl
ets
from
bec
omin
g bl
ocke
d w
ith s
oil o
r sl
ash.
• A
void
ing
the
unne
cess
ary
expo
sure
of s
oil s
urfa
ces
on ro
ad v
erge
s.
Man
y of
thes
e m
aint
enan
ce a
ctiv
ities
can
be
done
man
ually
.
Insp
ectin
g ro
ads
for
mai
nten
ance
pro
blem
s is
bes
t don
e du
ring
wet
wea
ther
, whe
n dr
aina
ge is
sues
bec
ome
mor
e ob
viou
s.
4.4.
4.2
Roa
d dr
aina
ge s
yste
ms
mus
t be
mai
ntai
ned
to m
inim
ise
eros
ion
and
the
disc
harg
e of
tu
rbid
wat
er in
to w
ater
way
s.
4.4.
4.3
Bla
ding
-off
of ro
ads
is o
nly
perm
itted
whe
re m
easu
res
are
in p
lace
to p
reve
nt p
oten
tial
adve
rse
impa
cts
on w
ater
qua
lity
and
whe
re e
ffect
ive
side
dra
inag
e ca
n be
mai
ntai
ned.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 55
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.4.
5S
usp
ensi
on
of
haul
age
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
5.1
Hea
vy v
ehic
le tr
affic
mus
t not
use
road
s in
pla
ntat
ions
whe
n pe
rsis
tent
wet
wea
ther
or
road
sta
bilit
y co
mpr
omis
e ro
ad d
rain
age
and
wat
er q
ualit
y.C
entr
al ty
re in
flatio
n, ro
ad w
ater
ing/
rollin
g an
d ot
her
tech
nolo
gy m
ay p
rovi
de s
uita
ble
prev
entiv
e or
rem
edia
l act
ions
to m
inim
ise
the
risks
to w
ater
qua
lity
of p
ersi
sten
t wet
or
dry
wea
ther
.
Roa
d su
rfaci
ng, a
nd u
pgra
ding
of s
trea
m c
ross
ings
to p
rote
ct w
ater
qua
lity,
can
re
duce
ris
ks to
wat
er q
ualit
y du
e to
road
usa
ge in
sub
optim
al p
erio
ds.
Ro
ad u
sag
e d
urin
g w
et c
ond
itio
ns
The
cont
inue
d us
e of
uns
urfa
ced
eart
hen
road
s du
ring
wet
wea
ther
can
pot
entia
lly
impa
ct o
n bo
th th
eir
perfo
rman
ce a
nd o
n su
bseq
uent
mai
nten
ance
, and
affe
ct o
ff-si
te
wat
er q
ualit
y. T
hese
impa
cts
are
due
to:
• th
e fo
rmat
ion
of r
uts,
whi
ch d
iver
t sur
face
wat
er a
way
from
dra
inag
e st
ruct
ures
• th
e de
grad
atio
n of
the
road
’s s
urfa
ce a
nd it
s sh
ape,
whi
ch in
hibi
ts th
e ra
pid
drai
nage
of w
ater
from
the
road
sur
face
• th
e m
obilis
atio
n of
sed
imen
t, as
the
form
erly
com
pact
road
sur
face
bre
aks
dow
n in
to lo
ose
part
icle
s, w
hich
can
be
read
ily tr
ansp
orte
d in
run
-off
whi
ch m
ay fi
nd it
s w
ay in
to w
ater
way
s.
Exa
mp
les
of g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• P
lann
ing
harv
estin
g an
d ca
rtag
e op
erat
ions
for
the
drie
r su
mm
er a
nd a
utum
n m
onth
s, w
hen
prol
onge
d pe
riods
of w
et w
eath
er a
re le
ss li
kely.
• S
uspe
ndin
g lo
g ca
rtag
e w
hen
wat
er is
run
ning
in ta
ble
drai
ns, o
r w
hen
ther
e is
an
obv
ious
like
lihoo
d of
the
road
sur
face
bei
ng d
amag
ed b
y lo
g tr
uck
traf
fic.
4.4.
5.2
Hea
vy v
ehic
le tr
affic
mus
t not
use
road
s in
pla
ntat
ions
whe
n pe
rsis
tent
dry
wea
ther
ca
uses
the
surfa
ce m
ater
ials
to u
nrav
el to
a d
egre
e th
at p
oses
a th
reat
to w
ater
qua
lity,
in
the
abse
nce
of s
uita
ble
prev
entiv
e or
rem
edia
l act
ions
to m
anag
e th
e ris
k to
wat
er q
ualit
y.
4.4.
6R
oad
clo
sure
s
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.4.
6.1
Roa
ds m
ust b
e cl
osed
(eith
er te
mpo
raril
y or
per
man
ently
) and
effe
ctiv
ely
reha
bilit
ated
w
here
they
are
no
long
er re
quire
d or
whe
re th
eir
cont
inue
d us
e w
ill th
reat
en
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues.
Sta
bilis
atio
n of
road
sur
face
s ca
n be
ach
ieve
d by
mea
sure
s su
ch a
s, b
ut n
ot li
mite
d to
, rev
eget
atio
n an
d th
e us
e of
ero
sion
-con
trol
mat
eria
ls.
Eff
ecti
vely
de-
com
mis
sio
ning
unw
ante
d r
oad
s
Exa
mp
les
of g
ood
ind
ust
ry p
ract
ice
• C
onst
ruct
ing
regu
larly
spa
ced,
ear
then
cro
ss d
rain
s on
pla
ntat
ion
road
s w
hich
are
to
be
perm
anen
tly c
lose
d to
all
traf
fic, s
o th
at w
ater
is re
gula
rly d
isch
arge
d fro
m
the
road
sur
face
into
und
istu
rbed
or
rege
nera
ting
vege
tatio
n, o
r in
to p
lant
ed a
reas
w
hich
can
trap
sed
imen
t.
• S
tabi
lisin
g th
e ro
ad s
urfa
ce, b
atte
rs a
nd fi
ll sl
opes
of p
erm
anen
tly c
lose
d ro
ads,
to
enc
oura
ge th
eir
reve
geta
tion
with
app
ropr
iate
spe
cies
.
4.4.
6.2
Roa
ds th
at a
re p
erm
anen
tly c
lose
d m
ust b
e ad
equa
tely
dra
ined
.
56 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.5
Ti
mbe
r ha
rves
ting
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g is
the
fellin
g of
tree
s, a
nd in
clud
es th
inni
ng o
f pla
ntat
ions
. M
anda
tory
Act
ions
rele
vant
to ti
mbe
r pr
oduc
tion
that
are
nec
essa
ry fo
r th
e pr
otec
tion
of
env
ironm
enta
l val
ues
are
desc
ribed
in s
ectio
n 4.
2.
4.5.
1T
imb
er h
arve
stin
g p
lan
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is p
repa
red
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f thi
s co
de
and
subm
itted
to th
e re
leva
nt lo
cal g
over
nmen
t prio
r to
the
com
men
cem
ent o
f tim
ber
prod
uctio
n.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.5.
1.1
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
mus
t be
subm
itted
to lo
cal g
over
nmen
t not
less
than
28
day
s be
fore
the
com
men
cem
ent o
f any
har
vest
ing
oper
atio
ns. T
he 2
8 da
y m
inim
um
lodg
emen
t tim
e m
ay b
e w
aive
d w
ith th
e ag
reem
ent o
f the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent.
4.5.
1.2
Whe
n pr
epar
ing
a Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
the
follo
win
g is
sues
mus
t be
addr
esse
d:
i. pr
otec
tion
of re
leva
nt e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s
ii.
met
hods
to m
inim
ise
impa
cts
on w
ater
qua
lity
and
river
hea
lth fr
om th
e op
erat
ion
and
asso
ciat
ed ro
ads
iii.
any
nece
ssar
y ar
rang
emen
ts w
ith th
e di
strib
utio
n au
thor
ity fo
r th
e el
ectr
ical
op
erat
iona
l con
trol
of p
ower
line
s du
ring
harv
estin
g.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 57
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.5.
1.3
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ust i
nclu
de:
i. la
ndow
ners
nam
e an
d ad
dres
s
ii.
the
mon
ths
durin
g w
hich
ope
ratio
ns a
re to
occ
ur
iii.
estim
ated
tim
ber
volu
mes
to b
e ha
rves
ted
iv.
prop
osed
hau
lage
rout
es
v.
a m
ap s
how
ing:
-
the
plan
tatio
n or
cou
pe lo
catio
n -
sign
ifica
nt fe
atur
es w
ithin
the
coup
e bo
unda
ry in
clud
ing
wat
erw
ays
and
any
area
s re
serv
ed o
r sp
ecifi
cally
man
aged
for
prot
ectio
n of
bio
dive
rsity
or
Abo
rigin
al c
ultu
ral
herit
age
valu
es-
the
area
(s) t
o be
har
vest
ed
- ne
w o
r up
grad
ed ro
ads
- po
wer
line
s-
plan
tatio
n in
frast
ruct
ure
vi.
cond
ition
s ap
plyi
ng to
the
oper
atio
n, in
clud
ing
any
perm
it co
nditi
ons
whe
re re
quire
d
vii.
fire
prot
ectio
n m
easu
res.
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
tem
plat
e fo
r pl
anta
tion
harv
estin
g is
pro
vide
d in
App
endi
x 4
as a
n ai
d to
pla
ntat
ion
owne
rs. U
se o
f thi
s te
mpl
ate
is n
ot m
anda
tory
. Pla
ntat
ion
owne
rs a
re e
ntitl
ed to
pre
pare
and
lodg
e a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n in
any
form
at th
at
mee
ts th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
requ
irem
ents
stip
ulat
ed b
y th
e co
de (a
s ab
ove)
.
Som
e la
rger
pla
ntat
ion
com
pani
es h
ave
com
preh
ensi
ve g
ener
ic fi
re p
rote
ctio
n do
cum
enta
tion
for
thei
r pl
anta
tion
esta
te. A
LG
A m
ay a
gree
to a
ccep
t suc
h do
cum
enta
tion
on a
per
iodi
c ba
sis
and
have
it re
ferr
ed to
in T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lans
th
ey lo
dge,
in p
refe
renc
e to
pro
vidi
ng th
e sa
me
exte
nsiv
e in
form
atio
n in
eac
h Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan,
pro
vide
d th
at, w
here
nec
essa
ry, a
ny c
oupe
-spe
cific
fire
pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s ar
e in
clud
ed in
the
appl
icab
le T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ay a
lso
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
abou
t:
i. th
e so
il er
osio
n ha
zard
cla
ss (o
r cl
asse
s) o
f the
cou
pe a
rea
and
asso
ciat
ed
oper
atio
nal r
estr
ictio
ns (s
uch
as th
e sl
ope)
ii.
the
type
(s) o
f har
vest
ing
syst
ems
to b
e em
ploy
ed
iii.
area
s w
ithin
or
adja
cent
to a
cou
pe th
at a
re to
be
excl
uded
from
har
vest
ing,
or
to w
hich
spe
cial
pre
scrip
tions
app
ly (s
uch
as b
iodi
vers
ity p
rote
ctio
n, h
abita
t en
hanc
emen
t, la
ndsc
ape
prot
ectio
n or
pro
tect
ion
of A
borig
inal
cul
tura
l her
itage
) an
d de
tails
of a
ny s
peci
al c
ondi
tions
or
pres
crip
tions
app
ropr
iate
to p
rote
ctin
g th
ose
area
s
iv.
met
hods
to m
inim
ise
the
risk
of im
pact
with
pow
er li
nes
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f the
ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns
v.
mea
sure
s to
be
empl
oyed
to p
rote
ct a
nd re
habi
litat
e so
ils a
nd to
ens
ure
mai
nten
ance
of w
ater
qua
lity
vi.
the
loca
tions
, des
ign,
con
stru
ctio
n, m
aint
enan
ce a
nd c
losu
re o
f log
ext
ract
ion
road
s
vii.
the
loca
tions
and
met
hods
of r
ehab
ilitat
ion
of lo
g la
ndin
gs a
nd d
umps
and
, whe
re
nece
ssar
y, s
iting
and
reha
bilit
atio
n m
easu
res
for
maj
or s
nig
trac
ks
viii.
way
s to
min
imis
e im
pact
s on
the
visu
al la
ndsc
ape
ix.
seas
onal
rest
rictio
ns.
Dis
cret
ion
abou
t wha
t inf
orm
atio
n is
incl
uded
in a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n ov
er a
nd
abov
e th
at re
quire
d by
the
man
dato
ry a
ctio
n of
the
code
rest
s w
ith th
e pl
anta
tion
owne
r or
nom
inee
resp
onsi
ble
for
the
prep
arat
ion
of th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan,
pr
ovid
ed th
at th
e co
de is
com
plie
d w
ith.
For
oper
atio
ns n
ear
pow
er li
nes,
adv
ice
may
be
soug
ht fr
om th
e re
leva
nt d
istr
ibut
ion
auth
ority
rega
rdin
g ne
cess
ary
prec
autio
ns, c
onsi
derin
g th
e av
aila
ble
clea
ranc
es a
nd
terr
ain
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f the
pow
er li
nes.
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ay c
onsi
der
any
obje
ctiv
es o
f reg
iona
l riv
er h
ealth
st
rate
gies
, sus
tain
able
wat
er s
trat
egie
s or
any
wat
er q
ualit
y pl
ans
prep
ared
by
the
CM
A o
r by
Mel
bour
ne W
ater
.
58 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.5.
1.4
A c
opy
of th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
and
any
supp
ortin
g pr
escr
iptio
ns m
ust b
e pr
ovid
ed to
the
harv
estin
g te
am le
ader
. The
pla
n’s
impl
emen
tatio
n, in
clud
ing
spec
ific
pres
crip
tions
to b
e ap
plie
d to
the
plan
tatio
n, m
ust b
e di
scus
sed
with
him
/her
. The
se
docu
men
ts m
ust b
e av
aila
ble
on-s
ite w
hile
tim
ber
prod
uctio
n is
in p
rogr
ess.
All
amen
dmen
ts a
nd v
aria
tions
to o
pera
tiona
l req
uire
men
ts (s
uch
as th
e re
mov
al o
f tre
es
from
buf
fers
for
safe
ty p
urpo
ses)
mus
t be
docu
men
ted
in th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
and
date
d by
the
harv
estin
g te
am le
ader
.
It is
reco
gnis
ed th
at a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n m
ay b
e pr
epar
ed b
y th
e ha
rves
ting
team
lead
er in
som
e ci
rcum
stan
ces.
It is
als
o re
cogn
ised
that
the
pers
on a
ssum
ing
the
role
of h
arve
stin
g te
am le
ader
may
cha
nge
durin
g th
e co
urse
of t
he h
arve
stin
g op
erat
ion.
Reg
ardl
ess,
the
curr
ent h
arve
stin
g te
am le
ader
of t
he h
arve
stin
g op
erat
ion
need
s to
hav
e a
copy
of t
he T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
on-s
ite w
hile
ope
ratio
ns a
re in
pr
ogre
ss.
The
harv
estin
g te
am le
ader
, or
othe
r no
min
ee o
f the
pla
ntat
ion
owne
r or
man
ager
, m
ay m
ake
amen
dmen
ts to
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n du
ring
the
harv
estin
g op
erat
ion.
Any
am
endm
ents
to a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n ne
ed to
be
such
that
the
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n re
mai
ns in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
he c
ode.
4.5.
1.5
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is c
urre
nt fo
r 24
mon
ths
follo
win
g lo
dgem
ent w
ith th
e lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent.
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
is c
urre
nt if
the
harv
estin
g op
erat
ion(
s) to
whi
ch it
rela
tes
com
men
ce(s
) with
in 2
4 m
onth
s of
lodg
emen
t (re
ceip
t by
the
LGA
) of t
he p
lan.
4.5.
1.6
A T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
appl
ies
to a
sin
gle
coup
e, a
num
ber
of c
oupe
s or
to a
n en
tire
plan
tatio
n's
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
.‘E
ntire
pla
ntat
ion’
s ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns’ m
eans
all
plan
tatio
n ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns
cond
ucte
d by
the
sam
e pl
anta
tion
owne
r or
man
ager
in a
n in
divi
dual
loca
l go
vern
men
t are
a, p
rovi
ded
the
disc
retio
n al
low
ed b
elow
is e
xerc
ised
by
the
LGA
.
4.5.
1.7
Loca
l gov
ernm
ent m
ay a
ccep
t the
lodg
emen
t of a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n fo
r m
ultip
le
loca
tions
and
ope
ratio
ns r
athe
r th
an in
divi
dual
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
ns if
it is
sat
isfie
d th
at th
e co
mpo
site
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n ad
equa
tely
cov
ers
the
info
rmat
ion
requ
ired
for
all c
oupe
s in
clud
ed in
the
plan
.
'Mul
tiple
loca
tions
and
ope
ratio
ns’ m
eans
eith
er m
ultip
le h
arve
stin
g co
upes
on
diffe
rent
pla
ntat
ion
area
s or
pro
pert
ies,
or
mul
tiple
cou
pes
in th
e sa
me
plan
tatio
n ar
ea
or p
rope
rty.
4.5.
1.8
For
larg
er o
pera
tions
cov
erin
g se
vera
l cou
pes
over
a p
erio
d of
yea
rs, a
Sch
edul
ing
Pla
n m
ay b
e pr
epar
ed a
nd s
ubm
itted
(with
the
agre
emen
t of l
ocal
gov
ernm
ent),
whi
ch
iden
tifies
:
i. co
upe
gene
ral l
ocat
ions
ii.
plan
ned
oper
atio
nal p
erio
ds
iii.
haul
age
rout
es
iv.
expe
cted
vol
umes
.
Sub
mitt
ing
a sc
hedu
ling
plan
is a
pra
ctic
e th
at is
sub
ject
to th
e ag
reem
ent o
f the
LG
A.
The
valu
e to
the
LGA
of r
ecei
ving
a s
ched
ulin
g pl
an is
that
it p
rovi
des
adva
nce
notic
e of
pla
nned
har
vest
ing
oper
atio
ns th
at m
ay a
ssis
t in
the
asse
ssm
ent o
f, an
d re
spon
se
to, i
mpl
icat
ions
for
loca
l roa
ds a
ffect
ed b
y he
avy
log
cart
age
traf
fic.
4.5.
1.9
A S
ched
ulin
g P
lan
repl
aces
the
need
to in
clud
e th
e in
form
atio
n fro
m 4
.5.1
.8 in
a T
imbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
Sub
mitt
ing
a S
ched
ulin
g P
lan
does
not
rem
ove
the
requ
irem
ent f
or th
e re
mai
ning
item
s in
4.5
.1.3
to b
e ad
dres
sed
in a
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n an
d su
bmitt
ed
at th
e ap
prop
riate
tim
e.
4.5.
1.10
A S
ched
ulin
g P
lan
is c
urre
nt fo
r up
to fi
ve y
ears
follo
win
g lo
dgem
ent w
ith lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent,
how
ever
any
sig
nific
ant v
aria
tions
mus
t be
com
mun
icat
ed to
loca
l go
vern
men
t prio
r to
thei
r im
plem
enta
tion.
‘Sig
nific
ant v
aria
tions
’ mea
n ch
ange
s to
cou
pe g
ener
al lo
catio
ns, p
lann
ed o
pera
tiona
l pe
riods
, car
tage
rout
es o
r ex
pect
ed v
olum
es th
at a
re li
kely
to a
lter
the
LGA’
s ab
ility
to
antic
ipat
e th
e im
plic
atio
ns o
f the
sch
edul
ed h
arve
stin
g op
erat
ions
, par
ticul
arly
on
loca
l ro
ad in
frast
ruct
ure.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 59
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.5.
2T
imb
er h
arve
stin
g
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Tim
ber
harv
estin
g is
con
duct
ed in
a m
anne
r ap
prop
riate
to th
e si
te, t
o m
anag
e th
e im
pact
on
soil,
wat
er a
nd o
ther
val
ues,
incl
udin
g bi
odiv
ersi
ty a
nd c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.5.
2.1
All
timbe
r ha
rves
ting
oper
atio
ns, i
nclu
ding
thin
ning
, mus
t be
cons
iste
nt w
ith th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan.
4.5.
2.2
The
loca
tion
of b
ound
arie
s m
ust b
e ea
sily
dis
tingu
isha
ble
in th
e fie
ld.
The
Tim
ber
Har
vest
ing
Pla
n ca
n re
fer
to o
bvio
us n
atur
al o
r ar
tifici
al fe
atur
es (s
uch
as
drai
nage
feat
ures
, roa
ds, t
rack
s, p
lant
atio
n bo
unda
ries
and
fire
brea
ks) f
or b
ound
ary
iden
tifica
tion,
that
do
not r
equi
re o
n-si
te m
arki
ng fo
r id
entifi
catio
n.
4.5.
3P
lant
atio
n in
fras
truc
ture
The
oper
atio
n of
a h
arve
stin
g co
upe
gene
rally
requ
ires
the
deve
lopm
ent a
nd u
se o
f sp
ecifi
c in
frast
ruct
ure,
incl
udin
g lo
g la
ndin
gs a
nd d
umps
, and
sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
tr
acks
. The
pla
nnin
g an
d us
e of
pla
ntat
ion
infra
stru
ctur
e m
ust b
e un
dert
aken
in a
m
anne
r th
at m
inim
ises
impa
cts
on e
nviro
nmen
tal v
alue
s.
‘Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
trac
ks’ a
re fo
rmed
or
unfo
rmed
inte
rnal
rout
es w
ithin
, or
asso
ciat
ed w
ith, t
he h
arve
stin
g co
upe
used
to e
xtra
ct lo
gs fr
om w
ithin
the
coup
e to
a
land
ing
or p
lace
whe
re lo
gs a
re s
tore
d an
d lo
aded
for
tran
spor
t fro
m th
e pl
anta
tion.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.5.
3.1
Pla
ntat
ion
infra
stru
ctur
e (in
clud
ing
trac
ks) m
ust b
e de
sign
ed, l
ocat
ed, c
onst
ruct
ed a
nd
mai
ntai
ned
to m
inim
ise
pote
ntia
l adv
erse
impa
cts
on s
oil a
nd w
ater
qua
lity.
Reh
abilit
atin
g tr
acks
and
oth
er in
frast
ruct
ure
at th
e ea
rlies
t opp
ortu
nity
will
min
imis
e th
e ris
k of
wet
-wea
ther
eve
nts
crea
ting
unac
cept
able
wat
er-q
ualit
y ou
tcom
es.
4.5.
3.2
The
plac
emen
t of l
og la
ndin
gs a
nd d
umps
mus
t avo
id a
reas
that
hav
e be
en e
xclu
ded
from
har
vest
ing
spec
ifica
lly fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
pro
tect
ing
or m
anag
ing
valu
es s
uch
as
biod
iver
sity
con
serv
atio
n, w
ater
way
s or
cul
tura
l her
itage
..
A s
ite u
sed
for
in-fi
eld
chip
ping
wou
ld b
e re
gard
ed a
s a
log
land
ing
unle
ss th
ere
is
no s
igni
fican
t so
il d
istu
rban
ce a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith it
s es
tabl
ishm
ent o
r us
e (re
fer
to th
e co
de’s
glo
ssar
y de
finiti
on o
f ‘la
ndin
g’).
A ‘l
og
dum
p’ i
s an
are
a w
here
logs
are
sto
ckpi
led
for
late
r tr
ansp
ort f
rom
the
plan
tatio
n th
at d
oes
not fi
t with
in th
e de
finiti
on o
f ‘la
ndin
g’ in
the
code
’s g
loss
ary.
‘Are
as th
at h
ave
been
exc
lude
d fro
m h
arve
stin
g’ m
eans
are
as w
ithin
or
adja
cent
to a
co
upe
that
are
sho
wn
on th
e Ti
mbe
r H
arve
stin
g P
lan
to b
e ex
clud
ed fr
om h
arve
stin
g fo
r an
y re
ason
(inc
ludi
ng: w
ater
qua
lity,
riv
er h
ealth
and
soi
l pro
tect
ion,
bio
dive
rsity
co
nser
vatio
n or
hab
itat e
nhan
cem
ent,
land
scap
e pr
otec
tion,
or
prot
ectio
n of
cul
tura
l he
ritag
e), w
heth
er th
e re
ason
is to
com
ply
with
pro
visi
ons
of th
e co
de o
r ot
her
lega
l re
quire
men
ts, o
r is
at t
he d
iscr
etio
n of
the
plan
tatio
n ow
ner
or m
anag
er.
4.5.
3.3
The
area
of l
og la
ndin
gs a
nd lo
g du
mps
mus
t be
min
imis
ed w
ithou
t com
prom
isin
g sa
fety
.
60 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Co
de
clau
ses
(Exp
lana
tory
sta
tem
ents
, op
erat
iona
l go
als
or
man
dat
ory
act
ions
)M
anag
emen
t g
uid
elin
es
4.5.
3.4
All
infra
stru
ctur
e m
ust b
e st
abilis
ed a
nd re
habi
litat
ed to
min
imis
e er
osio
n ris
k up
on
com
plet
ion
of o
pera
tions
, whe
re n
ot re
quire
d fo
r fu
ture
ope
ratio
ns. A
ll tr
acks
mus
t be
effe
ctiv
ely
reha
bilit
ated
to p
reve
nt s
oil e
rosi
on.
Reh
abilit
atio
n te
chni
ques
cou
ld in
clud
e dr
aini
ng th
e si
te, r
emov
ing
harv
estin
g de
bris
, rip
ping
to re
duce
com
pact
ion
and
resp
read
ing
tops
oil.
Exi
stin
g to
psoi
l may
be
stoc
kpile
d fo
r us
e in
the
reha
bilit
atio
n of
land
ings
.
4.5.
3.5
Ext
ract
ion
and
forw
ardi
ng tr
acks
mus
t be
loca
ted
to m
inim
ise
pote
ntia
l adv
erse
impa
ct
on s
oil a
nd w
ater
qua
lity
and
mai
ntai
n ef
fect
ive
drai
nage
to p
reve
nt s
oil e
rosi
on.
They
sho
uld
be p
lace
d at
the
grea
test
pra
ctic
able
dis
tanc
e fro
m w
ater
way
s, w
ithou
t co
mpr
omis
ing
safe
ty.
4.5.
3.6
Trac
ks m
ust h
ave
effe
ctiv
e dr
aina
ge to
pre
vent
soi
l ero
sion
. Cro
ss d
rain
s, w
here
use
d,
mus
t be
spac
ed a
nd a
ngle
d to
pre
vent
sur
face
run
-off
and
subs
eque
nt d
isch
arge
of
turb
id w
ater
into
str
eam
s or
dra
inag
e lin
es.
4.5.
3.7
Sni
ggin
g an
d fo
rwar
ding
trac
ks m
ust n
ot b
e bl
aded
off
whe
re th
is w
ould
resu
lt in
an
adve
rse
impa
ct o
n w
ater
qua
lity
or th
e lo
ss o
f top
soil
from
the
site
.
4.5.
4O
per
atio
nal r
estr
ictio
ns
Op
erat
ion
al g
oal
Dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns, t
imbe
r pr
oduc
tion
is m
odifi
ed o
r w
here
ne
cess
ary
susp
ende
d to
min
imis
e ris
ks to
soi
l and
wat
er q
ualit
y va
lues
.
Man
dat
ory
acti
ons
4.5.
4.1
Har
vest
ing
oper
atio
ns m
ust b
e re
stric
ted
or s
topp
ed w
here
ther
e is
a r
isk
to s
oil a
nd
wat
er q
ualit
y va
lues
dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns.
‘Tim
ber
harv
estin
g’ in
clud
es tr
ee fe
lling,
log
snig
ging
and
forw
ardi
ng, a
nd th
e so
rtin
g,
load
ing
and
cart
age
of ti
mbe
r. Th
e ac
tual
tim
ber
harv
estin
g op
erat
ions
that
may
nee
d to
be
rest
ricte
d or
sto
pped
dur
ing
or fo
llow
ing
wet
-wea
ther
con
ditio
ns w
ould
dep
end
on r
isk
asse
ssm
ents
con
duct
ed fo
r th
e sp
ecifi
c ha
rves
ting
loca
tion
and
cond
ition
s.
Soi
l and
wat
er-q
ualit
y va
lues
are
at r
isk
of b
eing
com
prom
ised
whe
n su
rface
wat
er
run-
off t
rans
port
s su
spen
ded
sedi
men
ts g
ener
ated
in th
e ha
rves
t cou
pe to
nea
rby
drai
nage
line
s. T
he p
oten
tial q
uant
ity a
nd d
urat
ion
of s
uspe
nded
sed
imen
t mov
emen
t ar
e im
port
ant r
isk
fact
ors.
The
ris
k is
incr
ease
d w
here
com
pact
ed s
oils
lead
to
chan
nelis
ed w
ater
flow
. Soi
l com
pact
ion
is m
ore
likel
y if
mac
hine
ry o
pera
tions
are
co
nduc
ted
whe
n so
il is
wet
.
A r
ange
of t
echn
ique
s to
ass
ist h
arve
stin
g (s
uch
as fl
otat
ion
tyre
s an
d th
e us
e of
ha
rves
ting
slas
h on
ext
ract
ion
trac
ks) c
an b
e us
ed to
ext
end
the
oper
atio
nal w
indo
w
for
com
plia
nce
with
the
code
, whi
le m
inim
isin
g th
e im
pact
of t
he o
pera
tion
on
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues.
4.5.
4.2
Ext
ract
ion,
forw
ardi
ng a
nd h
aula
ge m
ust b
e su
spen
ded
whe
n w
ater
beg
ins
to fl
ow
alon
g tr
acks
, exc
ept w
here
app
ropr
iate
pre
vent
ive
actio
ns h
ave
been
take
n to
add
ress
ris
ks to
off-
site
wat
er q
ualit
y.
Whe
n si
gnifi
cant
com
pact
ion,
rut
ting
or s
oil m
ixin
g is
like
ly to
occ
ur, o
n la
ndin
gs o
r tr
acks
, the
sus
pens
ion
of e
xtra
ctio
n, fo
rwar
ding
and
car
ting
oper
atio
ns w
ill pr
otec
t on
-site
soi
l and
wat
er q
ualit
y.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 61
5. Legislation relevant to private forestry
The State of Victoria and the Commonwealth have laws which are relevant to particular activities associated with timber production on private land. To assist the forest owner and manager, this guideline identifies some legislation, regulations and codes that must be observed. The list may not be comprehensive and obligations may change during the life of this publication. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure all relevant legal requirements are met.
The reader should not rely on these guidelines for an accurate statement of current laws and policies that may be in force at a particular time.
While local government are regulators of the code, they are not responsible for ensuring adherence with legislation that is not their statutory responsibility. The responsible authority is listed next to the legislation in Table 5.
Local government is responsible for their local planning scheme.
Table 5: List of laws not prescribed in the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Legislation Responsible authority
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 Aboriginal Affairs Victoria
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992
Department of Environment and Primary Industries
Country Fire Authority Act 1958 Country Fire Authority
Electrical Safety Act 1998 Energy Safe Victoria
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth)
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
Extractive Industries Development Act 1995 Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004 WorkSafe
Road Management Act 2004 VicRoads, local government as a road authority
Water Act 1989 Department of Environment and Primary Industries
Victoria Planning Provisions Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure. Local government for local planning scheme.
The following legislative provisions may be relevant to Chapters 3 and 4 of the code.
5.1 Legislation relevant to private native forests
5.1.1 Section 3.1 of code (Forest planning)
A planning permit is required from the LGA for timber production in native forest on private land. The planning permit must be approved prior to operations commencing. The Timber Harvesting Plan is assessed as part of the approval.
Under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment and the development of an Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP), undertaken in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal groups, may be required.
There may be requirements for protecting or minimising the impacts on water availability set out in the Water Act 1989 or Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994. These may be reflected in regional catchment strategies and regional river health strategies prepared by the relevant CMA, or planning schemes prepared by the LGA.
5.1.2 Section 3.2.1 of code (Water quality, river health and soil protection)
Measures to reduce the impact of timber harvesting on water quality and river health must take account of other requirements set out in special area plans made under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994. Any particular requirements to increase buffers due to the location of a water supply offtake point, or any other relevant requirements set out in special area plans, must be observed.
Stream crossings must be designed to comply with the Water Act 1989. Works, including stream crossings, on designated waterways require a works on waterways permit from the relevant CMA.
The Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 requires all landholders to control pest animals and noxious weeds on their property.
62 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 includes provisions to protect matters of national environmental significance, including listed threatened species and endangered ecological communities.
The Wildlife Act 1975 contains provisions to protect wildlife and includes requirements relating to the control of wildlife species causing damage.
Planning approval is required to remove native vegetation (clause 52.17 of planning schemes) and planning schemes may also contain additional requirements for the protection of biodiversity.
5.1.3 Section 3.2.2 (Conservation of biodiversity) and 3.2.3 (Forest health) of code
Chemicals
The use of chemicals for the control of pests and pathogens must be in accordance with relevant Commonwealth and State legislation, regulations, statutory codes of practice, instructions printed on product labels and any off-label permits. In particular, chemical use must comply with the relevant provisions of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992 and associated regulations.
Pest plants and animals
Under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, it is the responsibility of the landowner to control and eradicate all declared noxious weeds, and to prevent the spread of, and as far as possible eradicate, established pest animals.
5.1.4 Section 3.3 of code (Roading)
Local government is generally the road authority under the Road Management Act 2004 responsible for municipal roads. The road authority must manage roads for which it is responsible, in accordance with the requirements of the Act and any regulations or codes of practice made under that Act.
5.1.5 Section 3.3.1 of code (Road planning)
Consistent with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment, undertaken in collaboration with the relevant traditional owners, may be required.
The development of an Aboriginal cultural heritage plan, in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal group, will assist in identifying and mitigating any impacts on designated cultural values.
Threatened species may be protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth), or be the subject of an interim conservation order under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.
Road planning, including approval for stream and drainage line crossings, must comply with the Water Act 1989, the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, the planning scheme and any conditions of planning permits (refer clause 52.18 of planning scheme about the repair of municipal roads).
5.1.6 Section 3.3.2 of code (Road design)
Stream crossings must be designed to comply with the Water Act 1989. Works, including stream crossings, on designated waterways require a works on waterways permit from the relevant CMA. Guidelines for assessment of applications for Permits and Licences for works on waterways (Sinclair Knight Merz 2001) provides further information.
5.1.7 Section 3.3.3 of code (Road construction)
Known Aboriginal cultural heritage places must be properly identified in the field and appropriately marked and buffered from disturbance, in accordance with any CHMPs prepared under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
In the event of any Aboriginal object, place or human remains being discovered in the course of works, the person in charge of those works must report the discovery in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
Operations must comply with the requirements of the Electricity Safety Act 1998 and any relevant regulations and codes of practice prepared under that Act.
All quarries, gravel and borrow pits must be in accordance with the Extractive Industries Development Act 1995, the planning scheme, the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 and any associated regulations.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 63
5.1.8 Section 3.3.4 of code (Road maintenance)
Management of vegetation beside permanent roads that remain open must comply with the requirements of the planning scheme and the conditions of any planning permit.
Under clause 52.18 of the planning scheme, forest owners or managers are responsible for restoring any municipal roads that are used as a haulage route to the same condition they were in before the start of harvesting operations, to the extent of any damage caused as a result of the timber haulage operations.
5.1.9 Section 3.4.1 of code (Timber harvesting)
Known Aboriginal cultural heritage places must be properly identified in the field and appropriately marked and buffered from disturbance, in accordance with any CHMPs prepared under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
In the event of any Aboriginal object, place or human remains being discovered in the course of works, the person in charge of those works must report the discovery in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
All timber harvesting must comply with the requirements of the planning scheme, the approved Timber Harvesting Plan and the conditions of any planning permit.
5.1.10 Section 3.4.2 of code (Coupe infrastructure)
Under the Country Fire Authority Act 1958, harvesting may be prohibited in periods of high fire danger.
Safety – not in code
Operations must comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004, regulations made under that Act and any relevant compliance codes.
Operations must comply with the requirements of the Electricity Safety Act 1998 and any relevant regulations and codes of practice prepared under that Act.
5.1.11 Section 3.5.1 of code (Regeneration)
Use of pesticides in site preparation and/or seedling or regrowth/advanced growth liberation must comply with Commonwealth and State legislation and regulations.
Under the Wildlife Act 1975, browsing native animals that threaten regeneration may only be controlled under permits and in accordance with any associated conditions, as issued by relevant authorities.
Use of fire must be in accordance with the Country Fire Authority Act 1958 and any associated regulations, planning provisions and any planning permit conditions.
5.1.12 Section 3.5.2 of code (Stocking assessment and remedial treatment)
DEPI’s Permitted clearing of native vegetation – Biodiversity assessment guidelines indicates required regeneration quality standards for clear-fell and selective harvesting operations.
5.1.13 Section 3.5.3 of code (Tending)
Under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, it is the responsibility of the landowner to control and eradicate all declared noxious weeds, and to prevent the spread of, and as far as possible eradicate, established pest animals.
The use of chemicals for stem injection must be in accordance with relevant Commonwealth and State legislation, regulations and statutory codes of practice. Instructions printed on product labels or any off-label permits issued must be followed. In particular, chemical use must comply with the relevant provisions of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992 and associated regulations.
64 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
5.2 Legislation relevant to private plantations
According to Section 52.18-2 of the Victoria Planning Provisions (and local planning schemes):
‘The code does not apply to agroforestry, windbreaks or other amenity plantings, or to the occasional felling of trees for local uses on the same property or by the same landowner or manager. Small plantations and woodlots of five hectares or less are also exempt from the code, as are plantings established for non-commercial purposes. The code does not apply to revegetation operations conducted for the purposes of erosion or salinity control’.
An area planted for the purposes of timber production in a block of greater than 5 ha would be considered a plantation for the purposes of the code even if it is located on a larger farm used for other agricultural purposes.
5.2.1 Section 4.1 of code (Plantation planning and design)
Fire
Section 41 of the Country Fire Authority Act 1958 enables a municipal fire prevention officer to serve a fire prevention notice on the owner or occupier of land in respect of anything on that land. Thus, a plantation owner could be issued with a fire prevention notice that required (for example) steps be taken to provide or maintain firebreaks.
The wildfire management overlay provisions of planning schemes may require the preparation of a fire risk management plan by a plantation owner to the satisfaction of the LGA. A fire risk management plan for a plantation may include provisions for the siting and maintenance of firebreaks in respect of that plantation (refer to CFA guidelines).
For plantations greater than 500 ha in size, a forest industry brigade may be required. Provisions relating to the trigger point for, and obligations of, forest industry brigades are contained in the Country Fire Authority regulations 2004, part 5, which are accessible at www.austlii.edu.au.
Protection of landscape values must comply with the requirements of the planning scheme, and any local policies, as applicable. Refer to your relevant municipal strategic statement.
Planning permits
Plantation establishment and management in Victoria are controlled by the planning scheme under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Approval for plantation establishment, where required, must be obtained through the relevant planning scheme. Note that most plantations should not require a planning permit.
Instances where planning schemes may require a planning permit for plantation establishment include when:
• timber production is not specified as a section 1 (permit not required) use in the table of uses for the zone applying to the land concerned
• the proposed plantation does not meet the conditions specified for timber production in section 1 of the table of uses for the applicable zone
• a permit is required under the provisions of an overlay applying to the land concerned
• a permit is required under the provisions of clause 52.17 Native Vegetation.
Unless a planning permit is approved, a plantation must not be located within 100 m of any:
• dwelling in separate ownership
• land zoned for residential, business or industrial use
• site specified on a permit which is in force which permits a dwelling to be constructed.
This 100-metre proximity constraint is a planning scheme provision applying as a condition to timber production in section 1 of the table of uses in clauses 35.07-1 Farming Zone and 35.08-1 Rural Activity Zone. It is deemed to apply only to new (first rotation) plantations being established on land for the first time.
Existing use rights (refer to clause 63 of the relevant planning scheme) apply to plantations as they do to other land uses. Thus, if a dwelling is built, or land zoned as specified above, or a dwelling permit issued for a site, within 100 m of an existing lawfully established plantation, and the plantation owner intends to re-establish a subsequent plantation on the same land as the original plantation within 100 m of the circumstances specified above, a planning permit is not required.
Native vegetation
Any removal of native vegetation for plantation development must comply with the Victoria Planning Provisions and the local planning scheme, as applicable. This may require the provision of offsets.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 65
Power lines
The plantation must not be within 20 m of a power line whether on private or public land, except with the consent of the relevant electricity supply or distribution authority. Tree clearing in the vicinity of power lines is regulated by the Electricity Safety (Network Assets) regulations 1999. Non-authorised persons are prohibited from working on trees that may fall within up to 6 m of network assets. This minimum separation distance constraint (20 m) between a power line and a plantation is a planning scheme provision. It is deemed to refer to the minimum horizontal distance between any part of a power line structure (including wires) and any part of a tree in a plantation.
Adhering to this requirement at the time of establishment needs to cater for the expected size of trees at maturity / final harvest. There is no standard exception from this requirement based on the intended height of the plantation trees (for example, a Christmas tree plantation), but instances where the height of the trees is judged to not pose a risk to the integrity of an adjoining power line may be taken into consideration by the relevant electricity supply or distribution authority if consent is sought.
Aboriginal heritage
Sites of conservation or Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal cultural heritage significance are protected by law. Under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment and the development of an Aboriginal CHMP, undertaken in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal groups, may be required.
Water
Requirements for protecting or minimising the impacts on water availability may be set out in the Water Act 1989 or Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994. These may be reflected in regional catchment strategies and regional river health strategies prepared by the relevant CMA or in planning schemes prepared by the LGA.
5.2.2 Section 4.2.1 of code (Water quality, river health and soil protection)
Any particular requirements to increase buffers due to the location of a water supply offtake point or any other relevant requirements set out in a special area plan under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 must be observed.
As at December 2013, special area plans had been developed for 46 of the 134 declared water supply catchments. These catchment land use and management plans specify where various land uses may be undertaken, and how they should be undertaken, to minimise any adverse effects on water-related values.
Information about declared water supply catchments with special area plans is available from http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/landuse-water-supply-catchments.
Stream crossings must be designed to comply with the Water Act 1989. Works, including stream crossings, on designated waterways require a works on waterways permit from the relevant CMA.
Section 188 of the Water Act 1989 enables bodies such as CMAs to declare a waterway or part of a waterway in its catchment a designated waterway. A designated waterway may be all or part of a river, creek, stream, watercourse, natural channel in which water regularly flows, lake, lagoon, swamp or marsh.
Declaring designated waterways enables CMAs to make by-laws regulating activities carried out on such waterways, including the requirement for works on waterways permits.
Each CMA has its own set of maps that identify the reaches of waterways in the CMA’s catchment that have been declared to be designated waterways. Some CMAs have used the waterways mapped on the Vicmap Hydro 1:25,000 hydrology dataset as their reference for designated waterways.
There may be scope for plantation owners to negotiate arrangements with individual CMAs to enable the issue of a works on waterways permit covering multiple stream crossings or other works, provided nominated conditions are met.
5.2.3 Section 4.2.2 of code (Conservation of biodiversity)
Where prepared, action statements and/or recovery plans for species listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth) must be adhered to, to the extent that they apply to private land.
Any removal of native vegetation must comply with the native vegetation retention provisions (clause 52.17) of the planning scheme, as applicable.
Under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, all landholders have a responsibility to control pest animals and noxious weeds on their property.
The Wildlife Act 1975 contains provisions to protect wildlife, and includes requirements relating to control of wildlife species causing damage.
66 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
5.2.4 Section 4.3.1 of code (Site preparation)
Burning operations
Any burning operations conducted as part of site preparation activities must comply with the Country Fire Authority Act 1958 and any other relevant Acts, regulations and gazetted codes of practice, as required. Many LGAs have municipal fire plans that provide direction on safe conduct of burning operations.
Aboriginal heritage
Under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment and the development of an Aboriginal CHMP, undertaken in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal groups, may be required.
In the event of any Aboriginal object, place or human remains being discovered in the course of works, the person in charge of those works must report the discovery in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
5.2.5 Section 4.3.2 of code (Chemical usage)
Biosolids
Where biosolids or other organic wastes or industrial by-product additives are used, they must be used in accordance with the law and conditions of any required approvals. Application of biosolids should be guided by the EPA publication 943 Guidelines for Environmental Management: Biosolids Land Application.
Biosolids (for example, sludge from municipal and industrial waste, including stabilised organic solids derived from the treatment of sewage) may be considered as a fertiliser source. The EPA is the responsible regulatory authority for approvals, where required.
Chemicals
The use of chemicals must be in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and statutory codes of practice. Instructions printed on product labels or any off-label permits issued must be followed. In particular, chemical use must comply with the relevant provisions of the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 and the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act 1992 and associated regulations.
5.2.6 Section 4.3.3 of code (Plantation health)
Under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, it is the responsibility of the landowner to control and eradicate all declared noxious weeds, and to prevent the spread of, and as far as possible eradicate, established pest animals.
Under the Wildlife Act 1975, browsing native animals that threaten plantation establishment or re-establishment may only be controlled under permits and in accordance with any associated conditions, as issued by relevant authorities.
5.2.7 Section 4.4.1 of code (Road planning)
Road planning, including approval for stream and drainage line crossings, must comply with the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, the Water Act 1989 and the planning scheme, and any conditions of planning permits (refer to clause 52.18 of the planning scheme about the repair of municipal roads).
Under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment and the development of an Aboriginal CHMP, undertaken in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal groups, may be required.
Threatened species may be protected under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth) or be subject to an interim conservation order under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.
5.2.8 Section 4.4.2 of code (Road design)
Stream crossings must be designed to comply with the Water Act 1989. Works, including stream crossings, on designated waterways require a works on waterways permit from the relevant CMA or water authority.
5.2.9 Section 4.4.3 of code (Road construction)
All quarries, gravel and borrow pits must be managed in accordance with the Extractive Industries Development Act 1995, the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, the planning scheme and any associated regulations.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 67
Where discovered, Aboriginal cultural heritage must be identified in the field and appropriately marked and buffered from disturbance, in accordance with any CHMPs prepared under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
In the event of any Aboriginal object, place or human remains being discovered in the course of works, the person in charge of those works must report the discovery in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.
5.2.10 Section 4.4.4 of code (Road maintenance)
Under clause 52.18 of the planning scheme, forest owners or managers are responsible for restoring municipal roads used as cartage routes to the same condition they were in before the commencement of harvesting operations, to the extent of any damage caused as a result of the harvesting operations. An agreed assessment of current road infrastructure condition negotiated by both parties prior to cartage of logs will assist this process. If multiple companies use the same road concurrently there may need to be negotiation based on log volumes and loads.
5.2.11 Section 4.5 of code (Timber harvesting)
All timber harvesting must comply with the requirements of clause 52.18 of the planning scheme and the conditions of any planning permit (where required and as specified in the local planning scheme).
Tree clearing in the vicinity of power lines is regulated by the Electricity Safety (Network Assets) regulations 1999. Non-authorised persons are prohibited from working on trees that may fall within up to 6 m of network assets.
5.2.12 Section 4.5.1 of code (Timber harvesting plan)
Under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment and the development of an Aboriginal CHMP may be required, undertaken in collaboration with traditional owners and any other relevant Aboriginal groups.
Section 52 of the Aboriginal Heritage regulations 2007 describes the circumstances when timber production activities trigger the requirement for a CHMP. A planning permit must be required under the planning scheme for a CHMP to be required for timber production activities. Since current planning scheme provisions do not require a planning permit for timber harvesting of a plantation, harvesting itself will not trigger a requirement for a CHMP.
Where a CHMP was required at the initial establishment phase of a plantation, it is possible that the CHMP contains provisions that must be adhered to during the harvesting of that plantation.
5.2.13 Section 4.5.4 of code (Operational restrictions)
Any known Aboriginal cultural heritage places must be identified in the field and appropriately marked and buffered from disturbance in accordance with any CHMPs (where prepared or relevant).
Other relevant operational restrictions might also be prescribed elsewhere. This may include, but not be limited to, conditions on a planning permit, and restrictions under the Forests Act 1958, Country Fire Authority Act 1958.
Safety
All operations must be conducted in a manner that meets all safety and duty of care requirements.
All operations must comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004, regulations made under that Act and any relevant compliance codes.
Operations must comply with the requirements of the Electricity Safety Act 1998 and any relevant regulations and codes of practice prepared under that Act.
68 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Appendix 1: Soil erosion hazard and soil permeability field guide and assessment kit
Field guide & assessment kit Soil erosion hazard & soil permeability Assessment & classification
Prepared by the Centre for Forest Tree Technology* March 1999
* Input provided by: Simon Murphy and Pat Lane, Centre for Forest Tree Technology, NRE David Rees and Abdur Rab, Centre for Land Protection Research, NRE David Cummings, Catchment Agriculture Services, NRE NRE Field Staff who participated in related workshops
Field guide and assessment kit contents
• Assessment & classification procedure, field sheets and equipment
• Procedure flowchart and soil texture triangle
• Distilled water
• 2 x 500 ml specimen jars with sealable lids, 4x120 ml
• 1.5m measuring tape
• Colour card
Other desirable equipment to supplement the kit could include:
• a spade/shovel and/or a soil auger for soil assessment
• a clinometer for slope and tree height assessment
• reference books, such as- Mc Donald R.C. et al (1990), Australian Soil and Land Survey, Field Handbook, 2nd Ed., Inkata Press- Forestry Commission of Tasmania (1993), Forest Practices - Forest Soil Conservation Manual. Soils- Charman P.E.V and Murphy B.W. (Ed.) (1991), Soils: their Properties and Management - A Soil Conservation Handbook
for New South Wales, Sydney University Press- Northcote K.H (1992), A factual key for the recognition of Australian soils, Rellim Technical Publications.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 69
Part A: Assessment & classification procedure - soil erosion hazard & soil permeability
Assessment site
Where soil type, depth and permeability are generally uniform over the area to be assessed, an assessment of the soil profile or soil horizon can be carried out anywhere on the area. Uniform soil conditions are usually indicated by uniform forest cover and understorey, as indicated by species and structural development. Where soil type, depth or soil permeability varies then appropriate assessment of this variation is required. A soil auger may be useful to confirm uniformity of soil type and depth. Within these requirements, assessment may take the form of freshly exposing the soil profile to an appropriate depth (the depth that soil disturbance is likely to occur, unlikely to be beyond 80 cm. except for roading side-cuts) for assessing soil erosion hazard, and to a depth of 50 cm. for assessing soil permeability. Soil assessment can be made in a number of ways: by using soil profiles exposed in nearby roading works, or uprooted trees; by digging soil pits where soils are shallow; or a combination of the previous methods.
Soil horizon assessment
A soil horizon is a layer of soil that has different characteristics to those of layers above or below in the soil profile. Horizons are most easily recognised by a change in colour down a vertical profile. Other characteristics that denote horizonal change are texture, structure and amount of organic matter. Boundaries between horizons can be sharp and obvious, or more gradational. The most common profile encountered in forest soils is a dark brown A horizon overlying a lighter coloured B horizon. The A horizon often grades from a very dark, organic rich A1 to a slightly lighter coloured, less organic A2. There will then be a gradual change in colour into the mineral B horizon. These changes are often adequately recognised as topsoil (A horizon) and subsoil (B horizon). C horizons underlie the B horizon, and are essentially weathered rock that hasn’t yet broken down into soil.
In the field, each horizon, to the likely depth of disturbance, needs to be assessed. Thin layers (generally < 10 cm thick) are not usually considered to be significant unless they occur at the soil
surface and are therefore particularly important. In some soil types there are specific soil horizons which are at high risk of erosion if exposed/disturbed. If the logging operations do not specifically disturb these horizons then they need not be included in an assessment.
Soil texture assessment (tables A and B)
Soil texture refers to the size distribution of mineral particles finer than 2 mm. In relation to infiltration and permeability, generally, Sands, Loamy sands, Clay sands, Sandy loams and loams have very rapid to moderately rapid infiltration and permeability irrespective of pedality. Increasing clay and to some extent silt content reduces infiltration and permeability dramatically while increasing water-holding capacity. In relation to the susceptibility of soil to breakdown, generally, this increases as the content of non-dispersive clays decreases.
In the field soil texture can be indicated by the behaviour of a small handful of soil when moistened and kneaded into a ball and then pressed out between thumb and forefinger (McDonald et al. 1990). Take a sample of soil sufficient to fit comfortably into the palm of the hand. Moisten the soil with water, a little at a time, and knead into a ball until the soil just fails to stick to the fingers. Add more water or more soil until this condition is reached. The ball is called a bolus. Continue kneading until there is no apparent change in consistency of the bolus, usually a working time of 1-2 minutes. Two factors indicate the texture. The first is the feel of the bolus, and the second is its shearing characteristics. Shearing is determined by pressing the bolus out between the thumb and forefinger, and estimating the length of the resultant soil ribbon. The attached “Field Texture Grade table” indicates texture class based on these characteristics.
Soil aggregate stability assessment (Table A)
Soils can be assessed by wetting soil aggregates or peds and observing their slaking and dispersion. A soil ped is a naturally formed aggregate of soil particles. They can be thought of as clods. Peds vary in size from “crumbs” 2-5 mm in diameter to large clods over 50 mm in diameter. Generally they will be < 50 mm diameter. When wet peds can disperse (lose all their structural entity and disintegrate into ultimate particles), slake (break rapidly into much smaller but still discrete soil aggregates) or remain largely unaffected. Generally, soils that disperse are very erodible, soils that slake are moderately erodible and soils that remain unaffected are only slightly erodible.
70 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
In the field this can be indicated by the behaviour of a soil ped when immersed in a transparent container of distilled water (visual assessment). The size of the ped is not important as long as it is large enough to observe its response to immersion. For example, a 2 cm diameter ped would suffice. It is important to place the ped in the container with as little force as possible so as to reduce any breaking up the ped by impact. The container should be left to stand, with no shaking or handling. Slaking can be evaluated after 5-10 minutes, where a collapse of the whole ped into much smaller aggregates would indicate high slaking. Very dispersible soil peds will show dispersion within about 10 minutes and have dispersed completely within 2 hours. Slight dispersibility is indicated by a slight cloudy halo after 2 hours. Extremely stable soils will show no dispersion even by the next day.
Soil structure assessment (Table A)
Soil structure refers to the distinctness, size and shape of peds. Rankings of soil structure are based on the generalisation that highly pedal soils are less easily detached than weakly pedal or apedal soils. In general terms, well structured (friable) clay soils, gravels and coarse sands have low susceptibility to breakdown, massive (but non-dispersive) clays and clay loams are moderately susceptible to breakdown, while dispersive clays, detachable fine sandy clays and silts are susceptible to breakdown.
In the field soil structure can be indicated by determining the grade of pedality and the size of peds (McDonald et al. 1990). This can be indicated by subjecting a handful of soil (moderately moist condition) to a moderate crushing force and observing the remaining peds. Highly pedal soils will break into a few smaller peds that constitute more than 2/3 of the original mass. Moderately pedal soils will break into peds that constitute more than 1/3 of the original mass. Apedal or weakly pedal soils will break into fragments and individual particles. This test is probably the most difficult to describe and assess. If there are uncertainties in using this test or deciding on a structure category, a discussion with a local soil expert would be helpful.
Soil colour assessment (Table A)
Soil colour as indicated by a freshly broken aggregate of moist soil (moisten if soil is dry), can be a useful guide when evaluating soil susceptibility to breakdown. Generally, darker colours indicate that soils are less susceptible to breakdown, while pale ‘washed out’ colours indicate an increasing susceptibility to breakdown. There are exceptions to this relationship, and if local soils are regarded as being erosion prone from experience, the colour may be disregarded as a guide.
In the field the use of the attached colour chart provides a simple guide to colour classification. These colours are a guide and are not identical to those in formal soil colour charts (e.g. Munsell charts). As soil will often not match perfectly with the colour chart, classify the soil colour to its nearest shade.
Soil organic matter assessment (tables A and B)
Soil organic matter, as indicated by soil colour, a greasy feel and short thick ribbon when textured, can be a useful guide when evaluating soil infiltration and permeability, and soil susceptibility to breakdown. Generally, topsoils have higher levels of organic matter than subsoils. This can assist in the binding of topsoil aggregates and reduce aggregate susceptibility to detachment. Darker soils usually have higher organic matter (e.g. typical surface forest soils that are rich in decaying litter). Roots other than very fine ones are not regarded as organic matter in this context.
In the field, soil organic matter is assessed visually and during the soil texture assessment.
Stoniness of soil assessment (tables A and B)
Stoniness of the soil, referring to coarse fragments >20mm, normally lowers the water-holding capacity of soils, however, this effect is generally counteracted by the higher infiltration and permeability of stony soils compared to soils with no or few stones. Surface stones protect soil aggregates and particles from raindrop splash and detachment and also slow run-off and transportation of detached materials. Subsurface stones act in the same way if exposed by erosion, thereby restricting continued soil loss. In the field, a visual assessment of stones or coarse fragments is made for each horizon.
Soil mottling assessment (Table B)
Soil mottling, as indicated by spots, blotches or streaks of subdominant colours different from the soil matrix colour, can be a reasonable indicator of the drainage status of the soil. Compounds of iron form a range of colours from red through yellow to a blue-grey or green-grey depending on the aeration and drainage status of the soil. Soils having poor drainage may have subsoils which are frequently mottled with reds and yellows, with deeper subsoils having grey bluish and greenish mottles. Mottling may, but not always, reflect poor drainage status, since mottling may be a relic feature, or associated with weathering of parent material. In the field, a visual assessment of mottling development is made.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 71
Depth to impeding layer assessment (Table B)
Depth to an impeding layer, as indicated by depth to (1) marked soil texture contrast into a clay B horizon, or (2) largely impervious parent rock material, has a significant impact on the water-holding capacity of the soil.
In the field, this can be assessed by exposing the soil profile to a depth of 50 cm. or to the impeding layer, whichever is the lesser.
Stand height assessment (Tables B and D)
Stand height refers to the general height of a mature forest stand on the site prior to logging or roading. Generally, taller forests grow on permeable soils which are less erosive.
Erosivity index assessment (Table D)
Erosivity index is derived from average annual rainfall data, including rainfall intensity and duration. For Victoria this is mapped in Figure 1.
Slope assessment (Table D)
Slope throughout the area is assessed, both in an overall sense and also in relation to the length and uniformity of slope.
Revegetation capacity assessment (Table D)
Revegetation capacity refers to the capacity of the site to revegetate quickly (within two growing seasons) with good ground cover, which will protect soil from erosive forces.
Table 1: Field texture grade
Field texture grade Behaviour of moist bolus Clay content (%)
S Sand Coherence nil to very slight, cannot be moulded; sand grains of medium size; single sand grains adhere to fingers.
Commonly less than 5%
LS Loamy sand
Slight coherence; sand grains of medium size; can be sheared between thumb and forefinger to give minimal ribbon of about 5 mm.
About 5%
SL Sandy loam
Bolus coherent but very sandy to touch; will form ribbon of 15-25 mm; dominant sand grains are of medium size and are readily visible.
10%-20%
L Loam Bolus coherent and rather spongy; smooth feel when manipulated but with no obvious sandiness or ‘silkiness’; may be somewhat greasy to the touch if much organic matter present; will form ribbon of about 25 mm.
About 25%
SiL Silty loam Coherent bolus; very smooth to often silky when manipulated; will form ribbon of about 25 mm.
About 25%, silt 25% or more
SCL Sandy clay loam
Strongly coherent bolus, sandy to touch; medium size sand grains visible in finer matrix; will form ribbon of 25–40 mm.
20%-30%
CL Clay loam Coherent plastic bolus, smooth to manipulate; will form ribbon of 40–50 mm.
30%-35%
SiCL Silty clay loam
Coherent smooth bolus, plastic and often silky to the touch; will form ribbon of 40–50 mm.
30%-35%, silt 25% or more
C Clay Plastic bolus; smooth to touch; in light clays, slight resistance to shearing between thumb and forefinger, increasing with heavier clays; in medium-to-heavier clays, handles like plasticine and can be moulded into rods without fracture; will form ribbon of >50 mm.
35% or more
72 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Figure 1: Average annual erosivity index, Victoria (Sheridan and Rosewell 2003)
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 73
Part B: Field sheet for assessment and classification of (a) soil erosion hazard and (b) soil permeability
Coupe address: ________ ________ ________ ________ Coupe name: __________________________________(FMA) (Block) (Comp) (Coupe)
Table 2: Soil erosion hazard classification
Table C classification (from tables A and B) Results
Table D rating V. Low Low Medium High V. high Horizon
Low LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH Table C
Moderate LOW LOW MEDIUM HIGH V. HIGH* Table D
High LOW MEDIUM HIGH V. HIGH* V. HIGH* Classif'n* A V. HIGH classification indicates that the site may not be suitable for harvesting using conventional
ground-based systems (that is, rubber-tyred skidder or bulldozer).
Table 3: Soil permeability classification
Soils with HIGH permeability and low potential for overland flow
Soils with LOW permeability and high potential for overland flow
Results
Horizon
Table C
Table D
Table B Score <18 >18 Classif'n
COMMENTS
Location(s) of sample site(s):
Brief description of soil profile at each sample site:
Variation of soil types over study area:
Other comments
Officer: _________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________
74 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Table A : Soil susceptibility to breakdown – assessment & rating
Soil factor* Scoring HorizonSoil texture C SiCL, CL, SCL SiL, L, SL, LS, S
Score: 1 4 7
Soil aggregate stability
Unaffected Slaking, slight dispersibility
Very dispersible
Score: 1 7 15
Soil structure Highly pedal Peds evident Apedal
Score: 1 3 5
Soil colour Black, red-black, dark brown
Light brown, light red
Pale yellow, grey, white
Score: 1 2 3
Soil organic matter
High Moderate Low
Score: 1 4 7
Stoniness of soil layer #
>50% 10-50% <10%
Score: 1 2 3
LOW <17 MOD 17-27 HIGH >27 Total score:
* Evaluated for moderately moist soil, to a depth of 80 cm, or as appropriate# Refers to stones greater than 20mm in size
Rating:
Table B: Soil permeability – assessment & rating
Soil factor* Scoring HorizonSoil texture L, SL, LS, S SiCL, CL, SCL,
SiLC
Score: 1 4 7
Soil organic matter
High Moderate Low
Score: 1 2 3
Depth to impeding layer within the profile
>50cm 50-25cm <25cm
Score: 1 3 5
Soil mottling Not present Slight Well developed, pale colours
Score: 1 2 3
Stoniness of soil layer #
>50% 10-50% <10%
Score: 1 2 3
Stand height (m)**
>40 28-40 <28
Score: 1 2 3
V. HIGH <11 HIGH 11-18 LOW >18 Total score:
* Evaluated for moderately moist soil, to a depth of 80 cm, or as appropriate# Refers to stones greater than 20mm in size** Refers to a mature forest stand height prior to logging or roading
Rating:
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 75
Table C: Soil erodibility classification
Table A rating Results
Table B rating Low Medium High High V. high Horizon
V. high V. LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH Table C
High LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH V. HIGH* Table D
Low MEDIUM HIGH V. HIGH V. HIGH* V. HIGH* Classif'n
Table D: Soil erosion site factor – assessment & rating
Site factor Scoring HorizonErosivity Index* <590 591 – 1469 >1470
Score: 1 3 5
Slope (degrees)
0 – 8 9 – 21 >21
Score: 2 4 7
Slope length / uniformity #
Short uniform Long broken Long uniform
Score: 1 2 3
Revegetation capacity **
Good Moderate Poor
LOW <10 MOD 10-14 HIGH >14 Total score:
Rating:
* As indicated by Figure 1: Average annual erosivity index, Victoria
** Refers to the capacity of the site to revegetate quickly (within two growing seasons) with good ground cover, following disturbance
# Short slopes - <150 m between major (>5°) slope breaks Broken slopes - variable, complex or benchy slopes Long slopes - >150 m between major (>5°) slope breaks
76 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Appendix 2: Risk assessment matrix
A risk assessment matrix is a tool you can use to assess a risk by evaluating its likelihood of occurring and its potential consequences. This can help you identify the appropriate response and prioritise control measures.
Below is an example of a risk assessment matrix. Other risk assessment approaches may be adopted for this purpose, and users or organisations may apply different judgements about the potential consequences, likelihoods and corrective actions associated with their particular operating environment, in light of the management systems that they already have in place.
How to use the matrix
1. Consider what could go wrong with an activity (i.e., an incident).
2. Determine the potential severity of an incident (consequences).
3. Determine the likelihood of an incident occurring or re-occurring (likelihood).
4. Based on the consequence and likelihood use the matrix to determine the risk level.
Consequences
Likelihood Negligible Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Rare L L L M M
Unlikely L L M M H
Possible L M M H H
Likely M M H H VH
Almost certain M H H VH VH
Risk level What should I do?
Very high (VH) Immediate action required
High (H) Action plan required, senior management attention needed
Moderate (M) Specific monitoring or procedures required, management responsibility must be specified
Low (L) Manage through routine procedures
Consequences
How severely could the incident cause damage?
Catastrophic very serious, long-term environmental impairment, environmental disaster, huge cost
Major severe environmental damage, major cost
Moderate serious, medium-term environmental effects, high cost
Minor some short-term environmental and financial impacts
Negligible minor/low environmental and financial impacts
Likelihood
How likely is the incident to occur or re-occur?
Almost certain expected to occur in most circumstances, more than once a year
Likely expected to occur on an annual basis, once a year
Possible might possibly occur at some time, once in five to 30 years
Unlikely not expected to occur, once in 30 to 100 years
Rare may only occur in exceptional circumstances, less than once in 100 years
For further information, refer to Australian Standard AS4360: Risk Management.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 77
Appendix 3: Plantation development notice template
Introduction
This model Plantation Development Notice template has been developed to assist plantation owners prepare and lodge a Plantation Development Notice in accordance with the provisions of section 4.1 of the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014.
Section 4.1 of the code indicates the circumstances in which a Plantation Development Notice must be prepared and submitted to the relevant CMA, and what must be included in a Plantation Development Notice. Extracts of some relevant provisions of the code are provided in the notes below.
It is not mandatory to use this template to prepare a Plantation Development Notice for plantation establishment. Plantation owners are free to prepare and lodge a Plantation Development Notice in any format that complies with the requirements of the code.
Notes
Timber production on private land in Victoria
Timber production on private land in Victoria is subject to the provisions of the applicable municipal planning scheme. These provisions include clause 52.18 which, amongst other things, requires that all timber production activities (unless otherwise exempted) must comply with the code, to the satisfaction of the responsible LGA.
Relevant extracts from the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Description of land to which code applies (section 1.2.4)
‘The code does not apply to agroforestry, windbreaks or other amenity plantings, or to the occasional felling of trees for local uses on the same property or by the same landowner or manager. Small plantations and woodlots of five hectares or less are also exempt from the code, as are plantings established for non-commercial purposes. The code does not apply to revegetation operations conducted for the purposes of erosion or salinity control.’
Application of the code (4 Code Application – Plantations)
‘Plantations are managed stands of trees of either native or exotic species, planted or sown primarily for timber production purposes.’
Mandatory actions in section 4.1.1.2 and 4.1.1.3, relating to plantation planning and design, reads:
‘For new plantations where a planning permit is not required, a Plantation Development Notice must be lodged with the local government not less than 28 days prior to the commencement of site preparation. The 28 day minimum lodgement time may be waived with the agreement of the local government.’
‘A Plantation Development Notice must include:
• the landowners name and address
• the total area to be planted
• species to be planted
• year of planting
• a map of the plantation, showing:- the location of the plantation- any access roads or tracks- power lines- any retained native vegetation within the plantation boundaries.’
Advice to plantation ownersThe code defines a ‘new plantation’ as a plantation development where the previous land use was not plantation. Thus, lodgement of a Plantation Development Notice is not required for the re-establishment of subsequent plantation rotations on the same land.
A primary function of a Plantation Development Notice is to notify a LGA of the intent of the plantation owner to establish and manage a plantation for timber production or other commercial purposes. A plantation owner may choose to lodge a Plantation Development Notice for subsequent plantation rotations, or for a plantation to which the code does not apply: for example, to document that plantation trees have (again) been established with the objective of managing them for timber production (commercial) purposes.
Plantation owners are encouraged to obtain acknowledgment of lodgement of the Plantation Development Notice from the applicable LGA.
78 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Forward this completed Plantation Development Notice to the LGA in whose jurisdiction the plantation will be developed.
Plantation Development Notice
This notice is lodged with the ______________________________________________ (insert local government authority name) in accordance with the provisions of section 4.1 of the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014.
Signed_____________________________________(Plantation owner / manager)
Date_______________________
Section A: Plantation owner
1 Name (company or plantation owner)
2 Name of contact person (if different to above)
3 Postal address
4 Contact number/sB/H
A/H
Mobile
5Is the plantation owner also the owner of the land on which the plantation is sited? Yes No If No, provide landowner details at section B below
Section B: Landowner
Complete this section if the plantation owner is NOT the landowner.
6 Name (company or plantation owner)
7 Name of contact person (if different to above)
8 Postal address
9 Contact number/s B/H
A/H
Mobile
10 Property address on which plantation to be established (e.g. property’s rural road number address)
Rural road number
Road name
Rural district (locality)
11 Parish, section, Crown allotment(s) and/or plan of subdivision no. (refer to property title or rates documents)
Parish
Section
Crown allotment / plan of subdivision no.
12 Municipal property no. or other property reference
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 79
Section D: Description of the plantation (or woodlot/timberbelt areas)
a) List new plantation(s) being established
b) Optional: list existing plantation(s), if not previously covered by a Plantation Development Notice.
Stand number Species Area to be planted (ha) Year of planting
e.g. Eucalyptus muellerana (yellow stringybark)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total area to be planted:
Section E: Plantation map
Show plantation area(s) referred to in this notice by drawing on an existing map (e.g. 1:25,000 Vicmap series - enlarged if necessary) and attaching it to this notice, or sketch a location map on this page.
Access roads or tracks
Power lines
Native vegetation
Other (please specify):
Plantation boundary
Property boundary
Rivers or creeks
Other (please specify):
MAP REFERENCE:
Grid reference:
Map sheet name:
Map sheet number:
Scale: 1:
x x x x Map reference
(of plantation centre)
LEGEND:
N
80 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Appendix 4: Timber harvesting plan template
Introduction
This model plantation1 Timber Harvesting Plan template has been developed to assist plantation owners prepare and lodge a Timber Harvesting Plan in accordance with the provisions of section 4.5.1 of the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014.
Section 4.5.1 of the code indicates when a Timber Harvesting Plan must be prepared and submitted to the relevant CMA, and what must be included in a Timber Harvesting Plan. Extracts of some relevant provisions from the code are provided in the notes below.
It is not mandatory to use this template to prepare a Timber Harvesting Plan for plantation harvesting. Plantation owners are free to prepare and submit a Timber Harvesting Plan in any format that complies with the requirements of the code.
Plantation owners are encouraged to consider obtaining professional advice when preparing a Timber Harvesting Plan.
Timber production on private land in VictoriaTimber production on private land in Victoria is subject to the provisions of the applicable municipal planning scheme. These provisions include clause 52.18 which, amongst other things, requires that all timber production activities (unless otherwise exempted) must comply with the code, to the satisfaction of the responsible LGA.
The code and Timber Harvesting Plans for plantationsChapter 4 of the code describes harvesting as the felling of trees, and includes thinning of plantations.
Section 4.5 of the code deals with timber harvesting, and section 4.5.1 with Timber Harvesting Plans. The following extracts are from the code’s mandatory actions in respect of Timber Harvesting Plans.
‘A Timber Harvesting Plan must be submitted to local government not less than 28 days before the commencement of any harvesting operations.’
‘A copy of the Timber Harvesting Plan and any supporting prescriptions must be provided to the harvesting team leader. The plan’s implementation, including specific prescriptions to be applied to the plantation, must be discussed with him/her. These documents must be available on-site while operations are in progress.’
‘A Timber Harvesting Plan is current for 24 months following lodgment with the local government.’
Section 4.5.1 of the code refers to specific items that must be included in a Timber Harvesting Plan, under mandatory actions. Other items that may be included in a Timber Harvesting Plan are stated under Management guidelines in this document.
Advice to plantation ownersA person preparing a Timber Harvesting Plan is encouraged to refer to the code, particularly 4.2 Environmental Values in Plantations, 4.4 Plantation Roading and 4.5 Timber Harvesting. It is recommended that a Timber Harvesting Plan be prepared by, or with assistance from, a person familiar with applying the relevant provisions of the code to timber production in plantations.
The Timber Harvesting Plan represents the plantation owner’s instructions to the harvesting operators on how the harvesting is to be conducted in the field. Thus, preparation of a thorough Timber Harvesting Plan is not just a statutory
obligation of the plantation owner; it is a means by which the expectations of the owner can be made clear to those responsible for the conduct of the harvesting operation.
1 The code defines plantations as managed stands of trees of either native or exotic species, planted or sown primarily for timber production purposes.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 81
Notes to the template
These notes should be read in conjunction with Chapter 4 of the code.
Section A: Owner, property and plantation descriptionThis section provides the responsible authority with general information about the plantation owner, the location and features of the plantation to be harvested, and the harvesting and cartage intentions.
Plantation owner
1. Plantation owner’s name Name of the person(s) / company who own(s) the plantation to be harvested.
2. Postal address Address for correspondence to the plantation owner.
3. Contact person’s name Name of the plantations owner’s representative, if applicable.
4. Contact numbers Contact numbers for the plantation owner or their representative.
5. Landowner’s name Name of the person(s) / company who own(s) the land, if it is different to the plantation owner (for example, if the plantation is on leased land).
Plantation location
6. Municipality The name of the shire / city in which the plantation to be harvested is located.
7. Property address The physical address of the property / land, where possible using the property’s rural road number address (a) and /or the municipal property no. (b).
8. Cadastral and map references Describe the location of the area to be harvested (the coupe) by providing the details indicated.
9. Land use zone / overlay Refer to the relevant municipal planning scheme map to identify how the land on which the plantation is located is zoned, and whether it is affected by an overlay.
10. Planning permit no. The reference number for relevant planning permit (for plantation establishment) issued, if applicable.
11. Water supply catchment Indicate if the area to be harvested is in a designated water supply catchment. Further information is on DEPI’s website, at www.depi.vic.gov.au.
Attributes of the plantation area to be harvested (the coupe)
12. Soil type and erodibility A general description (including the soil profile, texture, colour and structure) of the coupe’s soils and their relative stability (that is, their proneness to erosion). For example, the description might be, ‘Heavy yellow clay, low erosion potential’ or ‘Gradational sandy loam (granite sand), easily erodible’. Any variation in soil type across the coupe should be noted.
13. Slope range The range of slopes encountered on the land to be harvested, from the gentlest to the steepest. The slope of the land is measured using a clinometer, or calculated from a large scale contour map, and is expressed in degrees (e.g. min. 12° to max. 25°).
14. Plantation species and age Indicate the species and stand age of the plantation.
15. Area of coupe The net area to be harvested, in hectares. This figure does not include areas reserved from harvesting within the coupe boundary.
82 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Harvesting and cartage
16. Silvicultural system Silviculture refers to the management actions undertaken in a plantation to influence its growth, harvest, and regeneration or re-establishment. Here you should indicate the intended harvesting system (e.g. clearfall), and the intended re-establishment method (for example, hand plant with seedlings), where applicable. An intermediate harvest to reduce tree stocking is called a thinning.
17. Estimated volumes of timber to be harvested Estimate the volume (in cubic metres or tonnes) of each type of wood product that is expected to be produced from the coupe (for example, 500 cubic metres sawlogs, 800 cubic metres pulpwood, 300 tonnes firewood).
18. Harvesting contractor Name of the person / contractor / company who will carry out the harvesting operation.
19. Harvesting equipment Description of equipment and techniques to be used to fell trees and extract the logs within the coupe (for example, chainsaw and skidder, harvester and forwarder or chainsaw and cable).
20. Scheduled harvesting period Indicate the anticipated commencement and completion dates of harvesting.
21. Cartage contractor Name of the person / contractor / company who will carry out log cartage from the coupe.
22. Proposed timber cartage route(s) Indicate the road route(s) by which the timber is to be carted, from the coupe to destination(s) or to entry onto a highway.
Section B: Conditions applying to the harvesting operationsThe Timber Harvesting Plan needs to indicate how all the relevant provisions of the code are to be applied to the particular harvesting area (coupe) for which it has been prepared.
The operational goals, mandatory actions and guidance set out in the code need to be considered, and appropriate responses explicitly documented in the Timber Harvesting Plan.
Conditions applied to harvesting operations covered by the Timber Harvesting Plan may need to exceed the minimum requirements outlined in the code to reflect other statutory obligations (for example, planning permit conditions and state environmental protection policies), or, where required, to protect environmental values.
The location and nature of many of the conditions to apply to the timber harvesting operations will also need to be indicated on the map that forms part of the Timber Harvesting Plan. Refer to the explanatory notes in section C for guidance on map preparation.
For effective translation of the Timber Harvesting Plan to the on-coupe harvesting operation, it will generally be necessary for the plantation owner to arrange for the location of coupe boundaries, log landings and dumps, road alignments and other areas requiring special attention to be marked in the field.
Any amendments made to the Timber Harvesting Plan after it is prepared and lodged should be noted in the amendment table of the plan, and recorded on the coupe map as appropriate. A copy of the amended Timber Harvesting Plan should be lodged with the responsible authority.
Protection of environmental values (code reference 4.2)
1. Waterways: water quality and soil protection (code reference 4.2.1) Indicate measures to be taken to control timber harvesting operations in the vicinity of waterways to protect them, and any associated riparian vegetation, from disturbance and exposure that could reduce water quality. Also, outline measures that will be undertaken to protect and rehabilitate soils. Specify any restrictions that apply to harvesting and machinery in the vicinity of waterways.
2. Slope limitations (code reference 4.2.1) Specify the maximum slope on which harvesting will be carried out on this coupe. Mark the location of any areas where the maximum slope is exceeded on the coupe map.
3. Conservation of biodiversity (code reference 4.2.2) Specify any other areas where harvesting is to be excluded or restricted for biodiversity conservation purposes (such as areas of native vegetation), and indicate any special conditions or prescriptions appropriate to protecting these areas. Mark these areas on the coupe map.
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Roading and cartage (code reference 4.4)
4. Road planning and design (code references 4.4.1, 4.4.2) Specify the type, location and design standards for any new or upgraded timber roads (including stream crossings) and road infrastructure (such as culverts, drains, batters, bridges and fords). Mark the location of existing, new or upgraded roads on the coupe map.
5. Road construction (code reference 4.4.3) Specify the construction methods of any new or upgraded timber roads and the location of any quarries, gravel and borrow pits. Specify the design and drainage measures required to minimise soil erosion, mass soil movement, water quality deterioration and landscape impact. Mark the location of any quarries, pits or fill disposal areas on the coupe map.
6. Road maintenance (code reference 4.4.4) Specify any maintenance works to road surfaces, road edges and road drainage systems, required to protect the road foundation and to disperse and filter water before it enters streams.
7. Suspension of cartage (code reference 4.4.5) Specify any weather or road surface moisture conditions when roads are to be closed to timber traffic, to avoid threatening water quality or the integrity and serviceability of the road.
8. Road closures (code reference 4.4.6) Specify any rehabilitation measures to be taken where roads are to be closed, either temporarily or permanently.
Plantation infrastructure – (code reference 4.5.3)
9. Log landings and dumps Specify any conditions relating to the location, construction and maintenance of log landings and log dumps to minimise soil degradation and water-quality deterioration. Specify the rehabilitation measures to be undertaken on the landings and dumps when the sites are no longer required. Mark the location of log landings and dumps on the coupe map.
10. Snig tracks and forwarding tracks Specify any conditions relating to the location and use of snig and forwarding tracks to minimise adverse impact on soil and water quality. Outline the rehabilitation measures to be undertaken on snig and forwarding tracks at the completion of harvesting operations. Mark the location of major snig and forwarding tracks on the coupe map.
Other operational measures
11. Wet weather and seasonal restrictions (code reference 4.5.4) Specify any conditions when timber harvesting operations (particularly snigging, forwarding and landing operations) must be restricted or stopped, when soils are wet and there is a risk to soil and water values (further to the suspension of cartage information at item 7).
12. Power line protection measures Specify any conditions regarding harvesting operations near power lines (where required).
13. Protection of landscape values Specify any measures to be taken to protect landscape values.
14. Fire protection measures Specify any conditions regarding fire protection, including fire-fighting equipment required and restrictions to certain activities on days of extreme fire danger.
15. Other harvesting operational requirements Specify any conditions relating to aspects of the harvesting operations not covered above. This could also include instructions to the harvesting contractor about matters not covered by the code (such as maximum stump height or log grading standards).
84 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Section C: Coupe map preparationA map of the area to be harvested (coupe) must form part of the Timber Harvesting Plan (code reference 4.5.1).
Map scale
Ideally, the chosen map scale is such that the area to be harvested occupies approximately 50–75% of the page, when drawn on an A4 sheet. Often, this would mean a map scale of 1:10,000 or larger. A smaller scale map (down to 1:25,000) can be used for larger coupes that are uniform in nature. A map showing contours is preferable. In most instances, a satisfactory base map can be produced by enlarging the appropriate section from a 1:25,000 topographic map (Vicmap series).
Standard map information
Standard map information includes:
• a north arrow
• the map scale
• the source of the map
• a legend showing the map symbols used to represent features and operational conditions.
Coupe and harvesting information
The code stipulates that the Timber Harvesting Plan must include a map showing:
• the plantation or coupe location
• significant features within the coupe boundary, including waterways and any areas reserved or specifically managed for protection of biodiversity or Aboriginal cultural heritage values
• the area(s) to be harvested
• new or upgraded roads
• power lines
• plantation infrastructure (including log landings and dumps, and snigging and forwarding tracks).Other information that may usefully be shown on a Timber Harvesting Plan coupe map includes:
• other areas excluded from harvesting, or to which special conditions apply
• existing roads and tracks (including roads to be used for log cartage)
• bridges and culverts
• designated crossings on waterways for machinery (including temporary crossings)
• quarries, pits and fill disposal areas
• soil erosion hazard classes of the coupe area
• fuel dumps and machinery servicing areas
• any existing or new firebreaks.
Supporting information
In addition to the Timber Harvesting Plan coupe map showing the information listed above, the following supporting information is helpful, and its inclusion with a Timber Harvesting Plan is encouraged, where it is available:
• a smaller scale map (1:25,000 or 1:50,000 scale) of A4 size, showing the general locality of the area to be harvested
• a map showing the cadastral details (parish, Crown allotment) of the land on which the harvesting is to occur (refer to DEPI interactive maps)
• a copy of a recent aerial photograph of the area to be harvested.
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 85
Timber Harvesting Plan
This plan is lodged with the ________________________________________________ (insert local government authority name) in accordance with the provisions of section 4.5 of the Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014.
Signed_____________________________________(Plantation owner / manager)
Date_______________________
Plan lodgement acknowledged _____________________________________ (LGA receiving officer)
Date_______________________
This template provides plantation owners / managers with a suggested format for a Timber Harvesting Plan. The template includes space for responses about mandatory actions that must be included in a Timber Harvesting Plan, as well as responses about any guidance items. The use of the template is not compulsory, and any guidance items included are at the discretion of the plantation owner / manager.
To assist in the completion of this plan, refer to Chapter 4 of the code and to the explanatory notes that accompany this template. Attach additional pages if extra space is required.
Section A: Owner, property and plantation description
Plantation owner
1 Plantation owner’s name
2 Postal address
3 Name of contact person (if different to plantation owner)
4 Contact number/sB/H
A/H
Mobile
5 Landowner’s name (if not plantation owner)
Plantation location
6 Municipality
7a Property address
86 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
7b Municipal property no.
8 Cadastral and map referencesCrown allotment / plan of subdivision no.
Section
Parish
AMG grid reference
1:100,000 map sheet name
9 Land use zone / overlay
10 Planning permit no. (if applicable)
11 Area to be harvested in designated water supply catchment?
Yes No
Attributes of the plantation area to be harvested (the coupe)
12 Soil type and erodibility
13 Slope range (degrees)min: max:
14 Plantation species and age Species
Age
15 Area of coupe (hectares)
Harvesting and cartage
16 Silvicultural system
17 Estimated volumes of timber to be harvested
18 Harvesting contractor
19 Harvesting equipment
20 Scheduled harvesting period from: to:
21 Cartage contractor
22 Proposed cartage route(s)
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 87
Section B: Conditions applying to the harvesting operations
Protection of environmental values (code reference 4.1)
1 Waterways: water quality and soil protection
2 Slope limitations
3 Conservation of biodiversity
Plantation roading (code reference 4.4)
4 Road planning and design
5 Road construction
6 Road maintenance
7 Suspension of cartage
8 Road closures
Plantation infrastructure (code reference 4.5.3)
9 Log landings and dumps
10 Snig tracks and forwarding tracks
Other operational measures
11 Wet weather and seasonal restrictions
12 Power line protection measures
13 Protection of landscape values
14 Fire protection measures
15 Other harvesting operational requirements
The attached coupe map forms part of this Timber Harvesting Plan.
Plan prepared by:
88 Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014
Timber harvesting plan amendments
Table 1: Amendment table
Amendment no. Date Timber Harvesting Plan item no.
Amendment
Amendments prepared by
Signed_____________________________________
Date_____________________________________
Management guidelines for private native forests and plantations Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 89
Section C: Coupe map
LEGEND:
Complete the legend table to show the map symbols used to represent existing features and planned operational requirements.
Coupe boundary Areas of 30° slope or greater
Streams, pools and wetlands
Log landings and dumps
Drainage lines Snig or forwarding tracks
Existing roads and tracks Designated crossings on waterways for machinery
Roads to be constructed or upgraded
Areas excluded from harvesting
Bridges, culverts Other special condition areas
Quarries, gravel and borrow pits
Fuel dumps, machinery servicing areas
Power lines Firebreaks
Soil erosion hazard classes Other:
Scale: 1:
Map source:
Coupe ID:
N
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