management functions & principles
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Management Functions & Principles. Overview. Managerial Environment Management Processes (Functions) Managerial Roles Universality of the Manager’s Job Managerial Skills AF Management Perspective Case Study. Managerial Environment . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Management Functions & Management Functions &
PrinciplesPrinciples
• Managerial Environment• Management Processes (Functions)• Managerial Roles• Universality of the Manager’s Job• Managerial Skills• AF Management Perspective• Case Study
OverviewOverview
Managerial Environment Managerial Environment
• Manager: individuals of an organization who direct the activities of others
• Organization: systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose
Characteristics
Managerial EnvironmentManagerial Environment
• Management: the process of getting things done effectively & efficiently through & with other people
– Effectiveness: doing the right thing; goal attainment
– Efficiency: the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs
Efficiency vs. EffectivenessEfficiency vs. Effectiveness
Managerial EnvironmentManagerial Environment
Management ProcessesManagement Processes
• Basics– Defining Goals– Establish Strategies– Develop General Plan
• Resource Constraints• Answer (who, what, etc.)• Up-to-date
PlanningPlanning
PlanningPlanning
• Essential Planning Activities– Understand the mission– Focus on desired result– Analyze the operating environment– Involve others in planning process– Divide the project into manageable portions– Determine key objectives– Analyze alternate courses of action– Select best course of action– Publish the plan– Modify as needed
OrganizingOrganizing
4 Steps of Organizing
OrganizingOrganizing
LeadingLeading
• Motivating• Direct activities of others• Select most effective communication channels• Resolve conflicts
ControllingControlling
• Monitor performance• Compare results with standards• Apply corrective action
Management ProcessesManagement Processes
Managerial RolesManagerial Roles
• Interpersonal• Informational• Decisional
Universality of Manager’s JobUniversality of Manager’s Job
• Level in the organization• Profit vs. not-for-profit• Size of organization• Transferability across national borders• Making decisions & dealing with change
Universality of Manager’s JobUniversality of Manager’s Job
• Distribution of time
Source: Adapted from T. A. Mahoney, T. H. Jerdee, and S. J. Carroll, “The Job(s) of Management.” Industrial Relations 4, no. 2 (1965), p. 103.
First Level Managers: Direct the day-to-day activities of subordinates
Middle Manager: Manage other managers; translate goals of top management into details lower-level managers can perform
Top Manager: Establishes policies that affect all organization members
Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
• Skills– General
• Conceptual: Mental ability to coordinate interest/activities
• Interpersonal: understand, mentor, motivate others• Technical: Use tools, procedures, techniques• Political: build power base & est. connections
– Specific (behaviors of effectiveness)
Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
• Skills– General– Specific (behaviors of effectiveness)
• Controlling organizational environment/resources• Organizing & coordinating• Handling information• Provide growth & development• Motivate & handle conflicts• Strategic problem solving
AF Management PerspectiveAF Management Perspective
• Philosophy– Management is a command responsibility– Managers must achieve greatest effect w/ available
resources– Decentralized operations = optimized resources– Centralized resource control is essential
• Policies
AF Management PerspectiveAF Management Perspective
• Philosophy• Policies
– Commanders ensure effective mgmt of human, materiel, & financial resources
– Decentralized operations (central as required)– Organizations, methods, & procedures must be
readily adaptable to changing conditions– Decision-making authority must be decentralized
to improve productivity/job satisfaction
Do Organizations Need Managers, Leaders, or Both?
Case StudyCase Study
• Managerial Environment• Management Processes (Functions)• Managerial Roles• Universality of the Manager’s Job• Managerial Skills• AF Management Perspective• Case Study
SummarySummary