management as a science
TRANSCRIPT
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Prior to 1880 there has been a leading concept
that management is an inborn ability
Today, in large-sized business organizations,
ownership and management are separateidentities
Management as an Inborn orAcquired Ability
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Management Science is concerned
with developing and applying
models and concepts that help to
illuminate management issues and
solve managerial problems
Management as a Science
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The models used can often be
represented mathematically, butsometimes computer-based, visual or
verbal representations are used. The
range of problems and issues to
which management science has
contributed insights and solutions is
vast.
Scheduling airlines, both planes and
crew,
deciding the appropriate place to site
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Managing the flow of water fromreservoirs,
Identifying possible future
development paths for parts of thetelecommunications industry,
Establishing the information needs and
Appropriate systems to supply them
within the health service,
Identifying and understanding the
strategies adopted by companies for
their information systems
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A systematized body of knowledge
based on proper findings and exact
principles and is capable of verification
It is a reservoir of fundamental truthsand its findings apply safely in all the
situations.
In this sense, management is a
Management as a Science
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Like other sciences, management
has also developed certainprinciples, laws, generalization,
which are universal in nature and are
applicable wherever the efforts of the
people are to be coordinated.
The main reason for the inexactness
of science of management is that it
deals with the people and it is verydifficult to predict their behaviour
accurately.
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Management as an Art
Art refers to the way of doing
specific things; it indicates how an
object can be achieved.
Management as an Art
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George R. Terry, "Art is bringing about
of a desired result through the
application of skill."
Management is certainly an art as a
manager uses his skill, knowledge and
experience in solving various
problems, both complicated and non-
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"Management is the art and
science of preparing, organizing
and directing human efforts to
control the forces and utilize thematerial of nature for the benefit of
men.
Management is an Art and
Science Both
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Planning
Organizing
StaffingLeading
Controlling
Functions of Managers
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Informational: This role involves
the sharing and analyzing of
information
Interpersonal: This role involves
human interaction.
Decisional: This role involves
decision making.
Roles performed by managers
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Category Role Activity
Informational Monitor Seek and receive information; scan periodicals andreports; maintain personal contact with stakeholders.
Disseminator Forward information to organization members via memos,reports, and phone calls.
Spokesperson Transmit information to outsiders via reports, memos, andspeeches.
Interpersonal Figurehead Perform ceremonial and symbolic duties, such as greetingvisitors and signing legal documents.
Leader Direct and motivate subordinates; counsel andcommunicate with subordinates.Liaison Maintain information links both inside and outside
organization via mail, phone calls, and meetings.Decisional Entrepreneur Initiate improvement projects; identify new ideas and
delegate idea responsibility to others.Disturbancehandler Take corrective action during disputes or crises; resolveconflicts among subordinates; adapt to environments.Resource
allocatorDecide who gets resources; prepare budgets; set
schedules and determine priorities.Negotiator Represent department during negotiations of union
contracts, sales, purchases, and budgets.
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Communication
Listening Skills
Leadership Focus
Division of Work
SKILLS REQUIRED BY AMANAGER
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A manager's environment is
made up of constantly
changing factors
bothexternal and internal
Managerial Environments
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Directly interactive forces
Indirectly interactive forces
The External Environment
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Owners expect managers to watch over their interests and
provide a return on investments.
Customers demand satisfaction with the products and
services they purchase and use.
Suppliers require attentive communication, payment, and a
strong working relationship to provide needed resources.
Competitors present challenges as they vie for customers in
a marketplace with similar products or services.
Employees and employee unions provide both the people to
do the jobs and the representation of work force concerns to
Directly interactive forces
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Political
Legal,
Technological,Economic,
Global influences
Indirectly interactive forces
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Current Employees
Management
Especially corporate culture
The Internal Environment