man has a passion for food

8/2/2019 Man Has a Passion for Food

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Community health nursing is a population-focused, community-orientedapproach

aimed at health promotion of an entire population, and prevention ofdisease,

disability and premature death in a population. Unique to communityhealth nursing is

the opportunity for nurses to learn and develop partnershipskills with all stakeholders

and key actors in their communities. The experienceof community health nurses

heightens communication and leadership skills andallows for creativity in solving

community health problems. In cooperation withother disciplines, community nurses

are expected to have greater professionalautonomy to provide ethical and legal

nursing care services in differentcommunity settings, such as schools, homes and

health centres.

All community health services and care activities carried out respond to the needs,

health problems and health risks, cultural way of living, resources, and preferences of

the community. In a health-care system in transition, where currently the quality of

service is emphasized, community health nursing represents a profession that

responds to all categories of demands of the people.

The roles and responsibilities of the community health nurse thus vary and differ

according to the context of the health-care delivery system. The dynamic, complex

and emerging environment of health care presents complex healthcare demands of

the community that require different capabilities in todays community health nurses

and health-care professionals.

. The primary goal of community health nursing is to help a community protect and

preserve the health of its members, while the secondary goal is to promote self-care

among individuals and families. I


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The Community Health Nurse must be prepared to play amuch wider role than is

offered by her work in hospitals. There ismuch greater element of decision, making.

Management skills,administration of programmes, teaching and acting as a

teamleader, as well as a member of the health team are all importantperhaps the most

crucial requirement is that the nurse must beprepared to learn from the people, and

share leadership with themwhen it is necessary and to plan with them.

The functions of a community health nurse have been classified broadly under the

following heads:

1. Administration.

2. Communication.

3.. Nursing.

4. Teaching.

5. Research.

1. Administration :-

The nurse is responsible for the dayto-day assignment of the nursing staff and

supervision of thesepersonnal. She provides direction and leadership to those

whomshe supervises. She is reasponsible for planning, implementationand evaluation

of a practical plan of nursing administration with inthe primary health centre and its

associated sub centres.

2. Communication :-

This involves ability to maintain goodworking relationship with members of the

health team, related agencies and the community. She is a link between the patient,

Thefamily and the doctor. She participates in the staff and communitymeetings.

3. Nursing :-


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She provides comprehensive nursing careto individuals and families. This includes

family care of the pregnant women, before, at the time of and after delivery, care of

thenew born, the premature, the infant, toddler, the school child, nutrition and family

planning.

4. Teaching :-

Knowledge and skills of methods of individuals and group teaching, preperation and

use of simple teachingaids; training of dais and health workers ; participation in

student training programmes

5. Research :- These is probably far more research relavant tonursing than nurses

realise. A good deal of knowledge derived fromsociology and physchology is

relevant to public health nursing, Viz.,infant feeding and weaning, mother and child

relation ship nursingneeds and practices in the community, utilization of the existing

nursingservices, job analysis of nursing personel in the team

The four core functions of community health nursing practice are:

(1) community social capital, including community culture, and identification of

resources as key actors in the community healthcare system

(2) assessment of community health conditions, health risks and problems to identify

the health-care demands of the people

(3) design and implementation of comprehensive community health interventions,

care, services and programmes, and

(4) health policies/agreements developed at the local community level to drive

policies/agreements at the state and national levels for collaborative endeavours and

actions.

The characteristics of community social capital are:


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(1) focusing on human capacity in finding solutions for community health, which

depends upon an individuals own missions, roles and functions

(2) participation of stakeholders including the community to strengthen social ties and

encourage appreciation of the value of human capacity building for community self-

reliance

(3) being sensitive to the existence and use of community networks, volunteers,

groups engaged in community actions

(4) being aware of people who are involved in finding community solutions

(5) identifying social relationships among the community especially in health care,

which creates mutual benefits

(6) appearing trusting of, as opposed to fearing, others in the community

(7) requiring timeless communication, on a day-to-day basis, with people in the social

network.

Characteristics of the assessment process:

(1) a participatory process among stakeholders to encourage information sharing and

increase awareness on health risks and problems in the community

(2) community health-care team building comprising representatives from thecommunity or members of stakeholder organizations

(3) conducting the assessment process concurrently with other functions through out

the course of the community health-care interventions and programmes

(4) identifying community peoples health- care demands (individuals, families,

groups in the community), which lays a strong foundation for other functions


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(5) collecting up-to-date information, representing both the peoples

perspective/experiences and academic perspective.

(3) Comprehensive community health interventions, care, services, and programme

design and implementation;

This function targets the design and implementation of interventions, care, services

and programmes that respond to the health-care demands of the people in the

community in a culturally sensitive manner. This function ensures that necessary

health care and services are available and accessible to all, especially underserved

and vulnerable groups. It should be participatory in nature, especially with

stakeholders who are involved in the provision of interventions, care, services and

programmes; represent the interactive learning through action process of

stakeholders in designing and implementing the interventions, care, services and

programmes; require two essential sets of knowledge: (1) the health-care demands

evidently supported by four contributory factors; and 14 A framework for community

health nursing education

- solutions which may be practice guidelines, care models, practice modalities,

services reform, effective programmes and interventions, etc. from the literature, best

practice experiences, and research and development projects; critically select

interventions, care, services and programmes through consensus building of

stakeholders to fit well with their roles and missions for community health care; be

oriented towards the health outcomes of the entire community rather than service

oriented. Examples of ways of designing and implementing community health

interventions, care, services and programmes are care and service model


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development, regular design and implementation of intervention, care, services and

programmes, health-care initiatives,

etc.

(4) Development of health policies/agreements

This function relies on critical analysis of the information and evidence gathered

during the community health assessment. Development of local health policies or

agreements requires at least three essentials. These are:

(1) shared understanding of the nature of apparent health-care demands of the

people,

(2) identifying social capital and resources for possible solutions to meet the demands

in health care,

(3) knowledge about the roles and functions of each stakeholder to fulfill the

missions and scope of work.

Methods to carry out this function mostly use platforms to encourage conversation

and communication among stakeholders. These include forums, conferences,

seminars, and the like. Indicators of success are workable agreements or policies on

community health care, especially at the local level.

(1) belief in human capacity

(2) participation of all stakeholders as team members, taking turns at being leaders

(3) using area-based evidence and information to guide the process and actions

(4) using actual activities and processes as the centre of functions

(5) putting emphasis on outcome-oriented rather than serviceoriented programmes,

and welcoming all possible means and solutions to achieve desirable outcomes.


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Role and Functions of the Community Health Nurse

Community health nurses have always practiced in a wide variety of settings and

assumed various roles. In this topic, the seven major roles and six of the most

common settings for CHN practice are examined. The seven major roles are:

clinician

educator advocate manager collaborator leader researcher

The role of the clinician or care provider is a familiar one for most people. In

community health the clinician views clients in the context of larger systems. The

family or group must be considered in totality. The community health nurse provides

care along the entire range of the wellness-illness continuum; however, promotion of

health and prevention of illness are emphasized. Skills in observation, listening,

communication, counseling, and physical care are important for the community health

nurse. Recent concerns for environment, sociocultural, psychological, and economic

factors in community health have created a need for stronger skills in assessing the

needs of populations at the community level.

One of the major functions of the community health nurse is that of health educator.

As educators, nurses seek to facilitate client learning on a broad range of topics. They


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may act as consultants to individuals or groups, hold formal classes, or share

information informally with clients. Self-care concepts, techniques for preventing

illness, and health promotion strategies are emphasized throughout the health

teaching process.

Two underlying goals in client advocacy are described. One goal of the community

health nurse as advocate is to help clients find out what services are available, which

ones they are entitled to, and how to obtain these services. A second goal is to inf

luence change and make the system more relevant and responsible to clients' needs.

Four characteristics required for successful advocacy are:

assertiveness willingness to take risks good communication and negotiation skills ability to identify resources and obtain results

The manager's role is common to all nurses. Nurses serve as managers when they

oversee client care, supervise ancillary staff, do case management, run clinics and

conduct community health needs assessment projects. The nurse engages in four steps

of the management process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling

evaluation. Each of these functions is described in the text. Specific decision-making

behaviors are part of the manager's role as well as human, conceptual and technical

skills.

Collaboration with clients, other nurses, physicians, social workers, physical

therapists, nutritionists, attorneys, secretaries, and other colleagues is part of the role

of the community health nurse. Collaboration is defined as working jointly with ot

hers in a common endeavor to cooperate as partners. Skills required for successful

collaboration are 1) communication skills, 2) assertiveness, and 3) consultant skills.


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The role of leader is distinguished from the role of manager. As a leader, the

community health nurse directs, influences, or persuades others to effect change that

will positively affect people's health. Acting as a change agent and influencing health

planning at the local, state and national levels are elements of the role of the leader.

In the ro Planner/Programmer

1. Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, andcommunities

2. Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical doctor3. Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, memoranda, and

circular for the concerned staff personnel

4. Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health matters

Provider of Nursing Care

1. Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home, clinic, school, orworkplace

2. Develops the familys capability to take care of the sick, disabled, or dependentmember

Community Organizer

1. Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning,organizing, implementing, and evaluating health services

2. Initiates and participates in community development activities


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1. le of researcher, community health nurses engage in systematic investigation,collection, and analysis of date to enhance community health practice. (The

research process is discussed in Chapters 12 and 24.) Research in community

health may ran ge from simple inquiries to complex agency or organizational

studies. Attributes of a nurse researcher include a questioning attitude, careful

observation, open-mindedness, analytical skills, and tenacity. Participates in

the conduct of survey studies and researches on nursing and health-related

subjects

4Coordinates with government and non-government organization in the

implementation of studies/research Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups

for health related services provided by various members of the health

teamCoordinates nursing program with other health programs like environmental

sanitation, health education, dental health, and mental health Planner/Programmer

5. Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, andcommunities

6. Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical doctor7. Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, memoranda, and


8. Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health matters


3. Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home, clinic, school, orworkplace


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4. Develops the familys capability to take care of the sick, disabled, or dependentmember

Community Organizer

3. Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning,organizing, implementing, and evaluating health services

4. Initiates and participates in community development activities

Recorder/Reporter/Statistician

1. Prepares and submits required reports and records2.

Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and reporting

3. Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records andreports

4. Prepares statistical data/chart and other data presentationChange Agent

Motivates changes in health behavior in individuals, families, groups, andcommunities that also include lifestyle in order to promote and maintain health

Trainer/Health Educator


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1. Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers(BHW), and hilots

2. Conducts training for RHMs and hilots on promotion and disease prevention3. Conducts pre and post-consultation conferences for clinic clients; acts as a

resource speaker on health and health related services

4. Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and print ads) for healtheducation purposes

5. Conducts pre-marital counselingPlanner/Programmer

1.Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and

communities

2.Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical doctor

3.Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, memoranda, and


4.Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health matters


1.Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home, clinic, school, or

workplace


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2.Develops the familys capability to take care of the sick, disabled, or

dependent member

Community Organizer

1.Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning,

organizing, implementing, and evaluating health services

2.Initiates and participates in community development activities

man has a passion for food

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