man-22060-us005 b00 e1 frame relay mmd

8/14/2019 Man-22060-Us005 b00 e1 Frame Relay Mmd

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SSMTT-27M3 1

Users Manual

SSMTT-27M3

MAN-22060-US005 Rev B00

302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138

Tel: 1-408-363-8000 Fax: 1-408-363-8313

Frame Relay Option for

theE1 Module

Part of the MTT and xDSL


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2 Frame Relay for the E1 Module

WarningUsing the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by Sunrise

Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment.

CAUTIONS! Do not remove or insert the module while the test set is on. Inserting or re-

moving a module with the power on may damage the module. Do not remove or insert the software cartridge while the test set is on. Oth-

erwise, damage could occur to the cartridge.

End of Life Recycling and Disposal InformationDO NOT dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment(WEEE) as unsorted municipal waste. For proper disposal returnthe product to Sunrise Telecom. Please contact our local offices

or service centers for information on how to arrange the returnand recycling of any of our products.

EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equip-

ment (WEEE)The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive aims tominimize the impact of the disposal of electrical and electronic

equipment on the environment. It encourages and sets criteriafor the collection, treatment, recycling, recovery, and disposal of

waste electrical and electronic equipment.

2010 Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer: Contents subject to change without notice and arenot guaranteed for accuracy.


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SSMTT-27M3 3

Frame Relay

Table of Contents

1 Frame Relay ........................................................................5

1.1 Configuration .....................................................................51.1.1 E1 Configuration Notes ..................................................51.1.2 Frame Relay Configuration .............................................61.2 LMI Analysis ......................................................................9

1.3 PING Testing....................................................................121.3.1 PING Test: Echo Results ..............................................15

1.3.2 PING Test: InARP Results ............................................161.4 Fox Test ...........................................................................17

1.5 Statistics Analysis ............................................................211.6 GPRS Gb Analysis ..........................................................25

2 Reference ..........................................................................31

2.1 Frame Relay ....................................................................31

2.1.1 DLCI ..............................................................................312.1.2 LMI and/or In-Channel Signalling .................................332.2 GPRS ..............................................................................35

2.3 Express Limited Warranty ................................................38

Index .......................................................................................39


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SSMTT-27M3 5

1 Frame Relay

Frame Relay testing checks the status of a Frame Relay network.

When accessing this feature, the test set will take a few secondsto recongure. In the event that a mode is not supported whenentering the FRAME RELAY menu, you will see an error message.

The menu tree is shown in the following gure:

Figure 1 Frame Relay Menu Tree

1.1 Configuration

1.1.1 E1 Configuration Notes

TEST MODE: E1SINGL, E1DUAL

Tx SRC: TESTPAT mode only Test Payload: 2M or Nx64 The PAT SYNC LED will not light green, as a bit pattern is not

being transmitted and received. Select MONITOR for Statistics; TERM or DTE/DCE for LMI or

Fox testing. For further information on conguring the test set, see the

configuration section of the E1 module user manual.


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1.1.2 Frame Relay Configuration

To display the configuration screen, select from the modules mainmenu PROTOCOLS > FRAME RELAY > CONFIGURATION.

Figure 2 Frame Relay Configuration Screen

Congure the following:

Note: For all numeric entries, press SHIFT and use the numeric

keys unless noted.

INTERFACE

Options: UNI (F1), NNI (F2)

UNI: User-Network Interface.

NNI : Network-Network Interface.

EMULATIONOptions: USER (F1), NETWORK (F2)

USER: Emulate the user side of the UNI. NETWORK: Emulate the network side of the UNI.

PROTOCOLOptions: ANSI617 (F1), Q.933 (F2), LMI (F3), NO-LMI (F4)

Choose the protocol to use.

ANSI617: ANSI T1.617 standard protocol

Q.933: ITU-T Q.933 Frame Relay standard LMI: Local Management Interface standard NO-LMI: No LMI signalling

Note: Press AUTO to automatically congure the LMI and DLCIheader size.


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SSMTT-27M3 7

DLCI LENGTHOptions: 2 (F1), 3 (F2), 4 (F3)

Set the number of octets for the DLCI header.

The Data Link Connection Identier identies both directionsof a virtual connection.

DLCI VALUE

UNI DTE Options: DLCI Length 2: 01023, DLCI Length 3:065,535, DLCI Length 4: 08,388,606

UNI DCE and NNI Options: 16991

Set the DLCI value for your emulation; affects PING and Foxtesting.

This value is of only local signicance.

The DLCI value range is dependent on DLCI length.

T391 STATUS ENQUIRY (sec)Options: 530 seconds

Set the time interval at which a T391 Status Enquiry will besent.

This is a link status verication timer, sent by the user. After a

Status Enquiry is sent, the timer resets.

T392 STATUS (sec)Options: 530 seconds

Set the time interval at which a T392 Status Enquiry will be

sent.

T392 is a polling verication timer. It is used for transmitting

the STATUS (PVC status information).N391 FULL STATUS POLL (cyc)Options: 1255 cycles

Determine how often the test set will take a N391 Full Status

Poll.

The test set will send the status poll, after the entered numberof cycles has passed.

This is a Full Status enquiry counter sent by the user to the

network. After each message is sent, the N391 count is in-creased by 1. When the N391 set value has been reached,

the network should send a Full Status rather than a Statusmessage.


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N392 ERROR THRESHOLD (cyc)Options: 110 cycles

Set the error threshold cycle.

N392 is a count of errors occurring during the monitoredevents. This number should be equal to or less than the N393count.

This is a network timer, used as a counter for errors.

N393 MONITOR EVENTS (cnt)

Options: 110 events

Determine how many events must occur to trigger the counterto reset.

This is a monitored event counter. A monitored event is any

message received across the interface. An event can includeerrors or timer expiration.

The network will count the number of errors within N393 events.If the number of errors are greater than the N392 threshold,the network will report the link down. N392 is reset every N393

events. See Figure 27 for details.


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1.2 LMI Analysis

LMI reports information about frame relay connections at theUser-Network Interface (UNI). This allows the user and the net-

work to give each other information about the physical link andvirtual connections. The analysis begins as soon as you access

the screen.

LMI provides a number of specic services. It polls the user ornetwork to see if it is connected at the interface. It informs the userwhen virtual circuits are added or removed from the network, and

whether or not each circuit is active. It also reports on the avail-ability of a new virtual circuit. See Figure 3 for a depiction of timer

and counter based polling. Figure 4 shows sample screen.

Figure 3 N391 ad T391 Operation

Figure 4 LMI Analysis Screen


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Here are the reported results:

USERor NETWORKside (USER in the sample figure).

ELAPSED TIME: Length of the test so far.

LINK ERRORED TOTAL: Total number of errors for the link undertest.

TIME OUT ERROR: This counter increments when a proper Status

or Full Status response has not been received.

RESPONSE SEQ. NUMB: Number of Received Sequence Num-ber Errors (frame received out of order).

WRONG MESSAGE: Number of frames containing an invalid

message.

LINK OK TOTAL: Increments when a proper Status or Full Statusresponse is received.

STATUS: Reports current status message, such as Send Status

Enquiry, Receive Full Status, or Receive Status.

If congured as a NNI, the User and the Network sides will

report results. Press NETLMI (F2) to see the Network sideinformation. Press F2 again to return to the USERLMI side.

If congured as a UNI, the results are reported for whicheverside you have selected for emulation.

The following F-keys are available in the LMI Analysis screen:

PRINT(F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing. A sampleis shwn in the following gure:

Figure 5 LMI Sample Printout


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SSMTT-27M3 11

STOP/START(F4): Stop and restart the analysis.

PVC(F1): Shows the DLCI activity on the permanent virtual circuit

in the following screen:

Figure 6 LMI PVC Analysis Screen

Observe any new (just activated) and/or active DLCIs; each

corresponds to an individual PVC. A DLCI shifts from NEW to ACTIVE after a full status report

has been received from the DCE. The test set automatically sorts the DLCIs by number.

The following F-keys are available in the PVC Analysis screen:

LMI(F1): Returns to the LMI ANALYSIS screen.

PAGE-UP (F2)and PAGE-DN(F3): Scroll through the results, ifthere is more than one page of New/Active DLCIs.

PRINT(F4): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.


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1.3 PING Testing

This test veries continuity by sending PINGs from a local IPaddress to a destination IP address. Both ends must use the

TCP-IP protocol.Another use for this test is to check for network congestion. Thiswould be indicated by a test result showing a large difference be-

tween the maximum and minimm response times for each PING.

Figure 7 PING Test Configuration Screen


keys unless noted.

LOCAL IP

Enter the IP address of the local side which will send the PING.

DEST. IPEnter the distant IP address to receive the PING.

NLPID

Options: IP (F1), SNAPIP (F2)

Determine which Network Layer Protocol Identiers will be carriedinside the Frame Relay frame.

IP: Select to use Internet Protocol.

SNAPIP: Select Sub Network Access Protocol when no protocolis in use.

TIMEOUT (sec)

Determine how long (in seconds) the test set will wait for a re -sponse before declaring the test over.

No. OF PINGSOptions: 199

Determine how many PINGs will be sent to the destination IP

address.


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InARPOptions: MANUAL (F1), TIMED (F2), NoInARP (F3)

Inverse Address Resolution Protocol is used by a station to

request a protocol address corresponding to the station at theother end of the connection. The test set can send and receive

InARP information.

MANUAL: Enter information in the RESPSE TIME OUT eld.The InARP request will be sent only when you press InARP

in the PING TEST screen. TIMED: Sends an InARP automatically, according to your

conguration of the next two conguration items, InARP EN-QUIRY TIME and RESPSE TIME OUT (sec).

NoInARP: This selection causes the test set to not respond toInARP. It removes the following two InARP settings from thescreen.

InARP ENQUIRY TIMEOptions: Chose any time from 1 minute99:59

Determine the interval at which the test set will send an InARP.

Applies only to TIMED InARP.

RESPSE TIME OUT (sec)

Options: 0999 seconds

Determine how long the test set will wait for a response beforetiming out.

Press START (F4) to begin the test. When InARP is used, InARP

is sent to the gateway. The PING test begins after the test setreceives an InARP response from thegateway. The following

screen is displayed:

Figure 8 PING Test in Progress Screen


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The test set sends the Status Enquiry, and expects to receive

a Status or Full Status response from the network. When it hasreceived the proper number of responses (as set by the N391

count in the LMI screen), you will see a PVC READY message,indicating that you can press START (F4). Here are the results:

PINGs: Number of PINGs the test will consist of.

SENT: Number of PINGs sent so far.

PVC STATUS: Current transmission status (for example, Sendinga Ping or Receiving a Ping Echo).

InARP STATUS: Reports any InARP messages.

RECEIVE: Number of echo PINGs received.

UNREACH: Number of PINGs which were not reached; the num-ber of PINGs which were not responded to.

ROUND TRIP TIME: Displayed in milliseconds.

CUR: Round trip time of the current PING.

AVG: Average round trip time of a PING.

MAX: Longest round trip time of all PINGs.

MIN: Shortest round trip time of all PINGs.

The following F-keys are available:

ECHO (F1): Displays ECHO results described in Section 1.3.1.

InARP (F2): Displays InARP results described in Section 1.3.2.

PRINT (F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.

START/STOP (F4): Start or stop testing.


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1.3.1 PING Test: Echo Results

Pres ECHO (F1) in the PING TEST screen to see the following:

Figure 9 Echo Results Screen

This screen reports on the number of echo PINGs the test sethas sent in response to a PING from a specic IP address. The

following information is displayed:

No. of ECHOED IPS: Number of IP addresses which sent PINGSto the test set.

PAGE: Lists the page number you are viewing.

TIME: Timestamp of the last PING received from a destinationIP address.

PING FROM: IP address which sent the PING.TOTAL: Total number of PINGs received from the associated IP

address.


PING (F1): Returns to the PING TEST screen.

PAGE-UP(F2) and PAGE-DN (F3): Scroll through the available

screens.



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1.3.2 PING Test: InARP Resuls

Press InARP (F2) in the PING TEST screen to see the follow-ing:

Figure 10 InARP Statistics Screen

The following information is displayed:

TOTAL #: Number of messages reported for each messagetype.

SENT: Total number of sent InARPs.

RSP RCV: Total number of responses received to the sent

InARPs.

RSP T.O.: Total number of responses which timed out (did notcome within the RESPSE TIME OUT (sec) setting).

RCV: Total number of received InARP enquiries.

RSP SENT: Total number of responses sent by the test set.

LAST IP: Address of the last IP which the test set sent an InARPto and received a response from.


PING (F1): Returns to the PING TEST screen.

InArpRQ(F2): Manually send a request for an InARP to the gate-

way. Applies when InARP is set to MANUAL in the PING TESTCONFIGURATION screen.



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1.4 Fox Test

This test is used to stress a network by sending a large amountof data. Varying the CIR (Committed Information Rate) and FOX

frame length allows you to see how a network responds to dif-ferent traffic loads.

End-to-end connectivity of the Frame Relay network can be veried

by transmitting frames to a specic DLCI, then counting the framesreceived at that DLCI. Looping back on the line veries circuit capac-ity. This test is useful when the node to be tested is not using the

TCP-IP protocol. Figure 11 shows the conguration screen.

Note: In the E1 modules main menu test congurationscreen, theL1 (L2)-RX Port(s) must be set for TERM to conduct this test.

Figure 11 Fox Test Configuration Screen

Congure as follows:


keys unless noted.

LOAD (%)

Options: 195%

This is the percentage of the network capacity occupied by theCIR. For example, if CIR is 50% on a 2M line, then the load is

50%. This can also be expressed as the load maximum percent-age setting as being dependent on the TEST RATE and FRAMELENGTH. For example, if the TEST RATE is set to 2.048 Mbps

and the FRAME LENGTH is at 64, the maximum LOAD percent-

age would be 45.


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FRAME LENGTHOptions: 644096 bytes

Determine how many bytes of the FOX message will be transmit-

ted in each frame.

CIR (Kbps)

Observe the allowable CIR.

This rate congures itself automatically to correspond with theLOAD (%) chosen. If trafc exceeds the CIR (the user informa -

tion transfer rate), the network will begin congestion controlprocedures. This lets you see the CIR percentage not to be

exceeded.

FECNOptions: 0 (F1), 1 (F2)

The Forward Explicit Congestion Notication bit is sent down-

stream to notify that node that the sending (upstream) node isexperiencing congestion, so congestion management procedures

should be undertaken. The use of the FECN bit is optional. 1means the node is experiencing congestion, 0 that it is not.

BECNOptions: 0 (F1), 1 (F2)

The Backward Explicit Congestion Notication bit is sent upstreamto notify that node that the sending (downstream) node is expe-

riencing congestion, so congestion management proceduresshould be undertaken. 1 means the node is experiencing conges-

tion, 0 that it is not. The use of the BECN bit is optional.

DEOptions: 0 (F1), 1 (F2)

The Discard Eligibility bit informs the network, by the customer,that if the network is experiencing congestion, this frame may

be discarded rst. Additionally, the network may set this bit if thecustomer has exceeded the CIR value subscribed to, again al -lowing the network to discard this frame rst if congestion occurs.

The DE usually has a value of 1 when it is in use.

Press START (F4) to begin the test and a results screen as inFigure 12 is displayed. If congured for LMI, the test set sends

the Status Enquiry, and expects to receive a Status or Full Sta-

tus response from the network. When it has received the propernumber of responses (as set by the N391 count in the LI screen),

you will see the PVC READY message, and be ready to startyour test.


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SSMTT-27M3 19

Figure 12 Fox Test Results Screen

The following information is displayed:

ST: The Start Time of the test.

ET: Elapsed time; how long the test has been running.

PVC STATUS: Status of the PVC connection.

CURRENT KBPS: Current test rate, corresponding to the CIR.

FECN FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a For-

ward Explicit Congestion Notication bit.

BECN FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a

Backward Explicit Congestion Notication bit.

DE FRAME: Count of the number of frames containing a DiscardEligibility bit.

BAD FRAME: Count of the number of frames which were receivedwith an incorrect byte alignment.

FCS ERROR: Count of the number of Frame Check Sequence

errors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames whichis used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer).

RSN ERROR: Count of the number of frames with ReceivedSequence Number errors (frame received out of order).

SSN ERROR: Count of the number of frames with Sent SequenceNumber errors (received with the wrong number).

Tx FRAME: Total count of transmitted frames.

Rx FRAME: Total count of received frames.

Note: When the test set is looped, as it often will be the case, thenumber of Received and Transmitted frames will be the same. If

the test set is connected to a TE, the frame counts could vary(depending on how each ones CIR is set).


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RESET(F2): Begins the test anew (the TX and RX FRAMES will

start from zero). PRINT(F3): Sends the data to the serial port for

printing. Figure 13 shows a sample printout.

Figure 13 Fox Test Sample Printout

FOXSTOP/FXSTART (F4): Pause the test and then continuetesting (the TX FRAMES and RX FRAMES number will increase

from where they left off).


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1.5 Statistics Analysis

This feature is available nly in the BRIDGE or MONITOR modes.It is applicable only to monitoring a Frame Relay line.

Figure 14 SA Monitor Configuration Screen

Congure as follows:


keys unless noted.

LONG FRAME LENGTH

Options: 10999

A frame longer than the length set here will be designated a long

frame.

SHORT FRAME LENGTHOptions 599; or up to one digit less than the Long FrameLength.

A frame shorter than the length set here will e designated a short

frame.

To start analysis, press ENTER and the following screen is dis-played:


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Figure 15 Frame Relay Performance Screen

The following F-keys are available in all of the analysis screens:

PAGE-UP(F1) and PAGE-DN(F2): Scroll through the results.

PRINT(F3): Sends the data to the serial port for printing.

STOP/START (F4): Stop the analysis and then restart a newone.

The following information is displayed in the analysis screenshown in Figure 15.

AVG UTIL (%): Average utilized percentage of the rate.

MAX UTIL (%): Highest utilized percentage of the rate.

MIN UTIL (%): Lowest utilized percentage of the rate.

AVG THRU (Kbps): Average transmitted frame rate.

MAX THRU (Kbps): Highest transmitted frame rate.

MIN THRU (Kbps): Lowest transmitted frame rate.

AVG FRAME/SEC: Average number of frames transmitted persecond.

MAX FRAME/SEC: Highest rate of frames transmitted per sec-

ond.

MIN FRAME/SEC: Lowest rate of frames transmitted per sec-ond.

Press PAGEDN to display the next screen of results. Statistics are

available for both lines or sides, if both are in use.


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Figure 16 Frame Relay Statistics Screen

The following information is displayed in the analysis screenshown in Figure 16.

AVG OCTET: Average octet length (number of bytes).

TOTAL FRAMES: Total number of frames received.

FECN FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Forward ExplicitCongestion Notification bit.

BECN: Number of frames containing a Backward Explicit Conges-

tion Notification bit.

DE FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Discard Eligibilitybit.

SHORT FRAMES: Number of Short Frames (as defined in theMONITOR CONFIGURATION screen).

LONG FRAMES: Number of Long Frames (as defined in theMONITOR CONFIGURATION screen).

FCS ERRORS:Count of the number of Frame Check Sequenceerrors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames which

is used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer).

ABORTED FRAMES: Number of frames which were aborted; thisusually indicates a link problem or a problem with the customers

equipment.


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Press PAGE-DN to display the next screen of results. In the screen,

shown on the left in Figure 17, press the ORE (F4) key to accessthe NEXT (MORE, F1) and PREVIUS (MORE, F2) keys which

allow you to scroll through all DLCI pages.

Figure 17 DLCI Analysis Screens

Select the DLCI you want to examine by using the keypad arrowkeys, press PAGE-DN and the DLCI FRAME RELAY STATISTICS

screen is displayed for the selected DLCI, as the right screen inFigure 17.

The following statistics are shown for an individual DLCI:

AVG OCTET: Average octet length (number of bytes).

TOTAL FRAMES: Total number of frames received.

FECN FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Forward ExplicitCongestion Notification bit.

BECN: Number of frames containing a Backward Explicit Conges-

tion Notification bit.

DE FRAMES: Number of frames containing a Discard Eligibilitybit.

SHORT FRAMES: Number of Short Frames (as defined in the

MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen).

LONG FRAMES: Number of Long Frames (as defined in the

MONITOR CONFIGURATION screen).

FCS ERRORS: Count of the number of Frame Check Sequenceerrors (this is a calculation performed in the last two frames which

is used to verify that data was not corrupted during transfer).

ABORTED FRAMES: Number of frames which were aborted,usually due to link problems or problems with a customers DTE

equipment.


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1.6 GPRS Gb Analysis

The General Packet Radio Service feature enhances your

measurement capabilities to ensure the performance of GPRS

networks, including GPRS over Frame Relay and GPRS overGSM.

GPRS Analysis conforms to ETSI Recommendations for GSMPhase 2+GSM 04.08, GSM 08.56, and GSM 08.58. For more

information see Section 2.

The test set monitors GPRS statistics over the Gb interface on aFrame Relay link carried on an E1 line. The test set verifies the

layer connection and starts measurements as soon as you enterthe Analysis screen. Theprotocol is determined in the FRAME RE-

LAY CONFIGURATION screen. Make sure to have the E1 modulein MONITOR or BRIDGE mode before using this feature.

The following F-keys are common to all screens:

PAGE-UP(F1), PAGE-DN(F2): Scroll through the screens.STOP/START(F2): Stop the analysis and then start it again.

PRINT(MORE, F1): Sends the data to the serial port for print-

ing.

SAVE(MORE, F2): Save the results to the second memory card.To access the saved file, escape out until you reach the module

main menu, then press MENU. From the test sets main menuselect VIEW/PRINT/STORE. Refer to your tes sets users manual

if you need more information.

Summary Screen

In this screen observe basic information about the GPRS layer.

Figure 18 GPRS Summary Screen

The following is displayed:

FRAME RELAY LMI: The standard in use.

DLCI ACTIVE: The DLCI that the statistics are taken from.

LINE 1and LINE 2 STATUS: Status of te physical interface.


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Mobility Management ScrensThere are two of these screens as shown in Figure 19. Table 1

defines the messages.

Figure 19 GPRS Mobility Management Screens

Bits

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 0 - - - - - - Mobility management messages0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Attach request0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Attach accept0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Attach complete0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Attach reject0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Detach request0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Detach accept0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Routing area update request0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Routing area update accept0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Routing area update complete0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Routing area update reject

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 P-TMSI reallocation command0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 P-TMSI reallocation complete0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Authentication & ciphering req.0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 Authentication & ciphering resp.0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Authentication & ciphering rej.0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Identity request0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 GSM status0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 GSM information

Table 1 Mobility Management Messages


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SSMTT-27M3 27

Session Management ScreensSession Management is hndled by the Servicing GPRS Support

Node (SGSN. The screens shown in Figure 20 report on these

messages. Table 2 defines the messages.

Figure 20 GPRS Session Management Screens

Bits8 7 6 5 4 3 2 10 1 - - - - - - Session management messages0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Activate PDP context request0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Activate PDP context accept0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Activate PDP context reject0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Request PDP context activation0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 Request PDP context activation reject0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Deactivate PDP context request0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 Deactivate PDP context accept0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Modify PDP context request0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Activate PDP context accept0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Activate AA PDP context request0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Activate AA PDP context accept

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Activate AA PDP context reject0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Deactivate AA PDP context request0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Deactivate AA PDP context accept0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 SM status

Table 2 Session Management Messages


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BSSGP ScreensThe Base Station System GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) layer deals

with the management protocol between theBSS (Base Station

System) and theSSN. The screens shown in Figure 21 reportstatistics on these messages. Table 3 defines the messages.

Figure 21 GPRS BSSGP Screens

PDU type coding(Hexadecimal) PDU TypesPDUs between RL and BSSGP SAPsx00 DL-UNITDATAx01 UL-UNITDATAx02 RA-CAPABILITYx03 PTM-UNITDATAPDUs between GMM SAPsx06 PAGING PSx07 PAGING CSx08 RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATEx09 RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE-ACKTable continued on next page.

Table continued from previous page.PDU type coding(Hexadecimal) PDU Typesx0a RADIO-STATUSx0b SUSPENDx0c SUSPEND-ACK


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SSMTT-27M3 29

x0d SUSPEND-NACKx0e RESUMEx0f RESUME-ACKx10 RESUME-NACKPDUs between NM SAPsx20 BVC-BLOCKx21 BVC-BLOCK-ACKx22 BVC-RESETx23 BVC-RESET-ACKx24 BVC-UNBLOCKx25 BVC-UNBLOCK-ACKx26 FLOW-CONTROL-BVCx27 FLOW-CONTROL-BVC-ACKx28 FLOW-CONTROL-MSx29 FLOW-CONTROL-MS-ACKx2a FLUSH-LLx2b FLUSH-LL-ACKx2c LLC-DISCARDED

x40 SGSN-INVOKE-TRACEx41 STATUS0x50 DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC0x51 CREATE-BSS-PFC0x52 CREATE-BSS-PFC-ACK0x53 CREATE-BSS-PFC-NACK0x54 MODIFY-BSS-PFC0x55 MODIFY-BSS-PFC-ACK0x56 DELETE-BSS-PFC0x57 DELETE-BSS-PFC-ACKRESERVED All values not explicitly shown are

reserved for future use.Table 3 BSGP Messages


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Network Service StatisticsFigure 22 shows the network screen.

Table 4 shows the corresponding PDU (Packet Data Unit) for -mats.

Figure 22 GPRS Network Service Screen

PDU type coding

(8 1) PDU Name00000000 NS-UNITDATA00000010 NS-RESET00000011 NS-RESET-ACK00000100 NS-BLOCK00000101 NS-BLOCK-ACK00000110 NS-UNBLOCK00000111 NS-UNBLOCK-ACK00001000 NS-STATUS

00001010 NS-ALIVE00001011 NS-ALIVE-ACKOther values Reserved for future use.

Table 4 Network Session PDU Formats


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SSMTT-27M3 31

2 Reference

2.1 Frame Relay

Frame Relay is an ISDN packet-transfer protocol. Its governingstandards are ANSI T1.617 Annex D, and ITU-T Q.933 Annex

A. It is a bandwidth on demand packet switching network, whichcan deal with bursty trafc. It offers more speed and lower cost

than services such as X.25, due to its low overhead and customerCommitted Information Rate (CIR). Frame Relay does not haveerror checking abilities, so it relies on high-quality lines.

2.1.1 DLCI

Frame Relay arose from the need for faster local and wide areanetwork transfer of information. Primarily, it operates via Permanent

Virtual Circuits (PVCs). The physical link can be a leased line or B-

channels on either PRI or BRI ISDN. One physical link has multiplePVCs. The virtual circuits include the Data Link Circuit Identica-tion (DLCI), which addresses the data. The following table showsthe possible DLCI length and corresponding addresses:

Bit Length Address Range DLCI Header10 0 to 1023 2 octets16 0 to 65535 3 octets23 0 to 8388607 4 octets

Table 5 DLCI Heaers

DLCIs have only local User Network Interface (UNI) signicance,so a number can be reused in a Frame Relay network, as in the

following gure:

Figure 23 Frame Relay Networ

The DLCI also provides valuable status information pertainingto congestion. See Figure 24 for an explanation of headers and

congestion control:


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Figure 24 Frame Relay Headers and Congestion Control


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SSMTT-27M3 33

2.1.2 LMI and/or In-Channel Signalling

Local Management Interface (ANSI T1S1 terminology) or In-Chan-nel Signalling (T1.617 Annex D andQ.933 Annex A terminology)

perform status functions at the UNI. For simplicity we will use LMIterminology. See Figure 25 for a depiction of the UNI.

Figure 25 UNI

LMI checks the physical link status, informs the user of the ad-dition or deletion f a Virtual Circuit (VC), reports the status of allVCs on the physical link, and reports on the availability of new

VCs. See Figure 26 for LMI operations:

Figure 26 LMI Operation Example


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2.1.3 PING TestingEvery Internet device has its own Internet Protocol (IP) address.

Multiple LAN segments can be connected via a Frame Relay

network. A common way to discover whether two remote LANsegments using the TCP-IP protocol are connected is to send aPING (Internet Control Message Protocol) message from one seg-

ment to another. When the message is received, internet devicesacknowledge it by sending an echo message back.

In the example shown in Figure 27, a PING request can be sentfrom either the test set or the PC on Segment A, IP addres

200.25.1.2, to the PC on Segment B, IP address 192.35.26.7.When the request is received by 192.35.26.7, it will send an echo

message back to 200.25.1.2.

Figure 27 Frame Relay PING Testing


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SSMTT-27M3 35

2.2 GPRS

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is known as 2.5 Genera-tion wireless. GPRS deploys Packet Switched Technology in order

to deliver data over an existing GSM network. In theory, the datarate of a GPRS phone is up to 171.2 kbit/s over GSM 8 timeslots.

In practice, many mobiles share the bandwidth and the GPRSphase 1 mobile will support only two or tree timeslots on the air

interface. The initial data rate in GPRS phase 1 is expected at28 kbit/s. Figure 28 gives an overview of the GPRS network andtesting.

BTS

Voice Quality Testing,A-bis Monitoring,

GPRS over A-bisMonitoring

GPRS overFrame RelayMonitoring

2 Mbit/s Transmission Testing

A-bisA/A-ter

BTS

Internet

PSTN

Gs-BSSAP+

Gi-Ethernet 100TCP/IP, UDP

GGSN SGSN

B . . . G

Gr-MAP

Gd-MAP

...

VLR

AuC

HLR

SMSGMSC

BSC

MSC

SGSN

Gb

Gp-Ethernet100TCP/IP, UDPGTP 09.60

Figure 28 GPRS etwork


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There are two main GPRS elements over the GSM network, SGSN

and GGSN. Figure 29 shows the User Plane Protocol Stack andthe Control Plane Protocol Stack.

Figure 29 Protocol Stacks

Servicing GPRS Support Node (SGSN)SGSN controls all aspects of connection between the network

and Mobile Station by providing:

Session Management. Authentication and Mobility Management:- handover.

Connect to VLR (Visitors Location Register ) using Gs based

on BSSAP+ (Base Station Subsystem Application Part).Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)GGSN provides the following functions:

Counts the number of packets for billing purposes. Gateway to PDN (Public Data Network).


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SSMTT-27M3 37

Authentication and location management function.

Firewall

Packet Control Unit (PCU)

PCU locates at Base Station Controller (BSC) to convert packet datainto a radio format that can be transmitted. It provides for:

Radio Resource Management. Quality of Service (throughput, delay, reliability, priority).

Packet Data Protocol (PDP)PDP opens a session for a mobile to request a temporary IP ad-

dress (supporting IPv4 32-bit addressing).

GPRS Gb Protocol Stack

Layer 1 is dened in Frame Relay Forum FRF 1.1. Layer 2 provides Network Service. Layer 3 provides BSSGP, Base Station System GPRS Pro-

tocol. Layers 4 and 5 provide LLC, Logical Link Control.

Layer 7 provides SNDCP, Subnetwork Dependent ConvergenceProtocol.


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2.3 Express Limited Warranty

This Sunrise Telecom product is warranted against defects in

materials and workmanship during its warranty period. The war-

ranty period for this product is contained in the warranty page onhttp://www.sunrisetelecom.com.

Sunrise Telecom agrees to repair or replace any assembly or

component found to be defective under normal use during thisperiod. The obligation under this warranty is limited solely to repair-

ing or replacing the product that proves to be defective within thescope of the warranty when returned to the factory. This warranty

does not apply under certain conditions, as set forth on the war-ranty page on http://www.sunrisetelecom.com.

Please refer to the website for specic details.THIS IS A LIMITED WARRANTY AND THE ONLY WARRANTY

MADE BY SUNRISE TELECOM. SUNRISE TELECOM MAKES

NO OTHER WARRANTY, REPR SENTATION OR CONDITION,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS

FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENTOF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.


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SSMTT-27M3 39

Index

C

Cautions; 2

D

DLCI Analysis ScreenABORTED FRAMES; 24AVG OCTET; 24

BECN; 24DE FRAMES; 24

FCS ERRORS; 24FECN FRAMES; 24

LONG FRAMES; 24SHORT FRAMES; 24TOTAL FRAMES; 24

EEcho Results ScreenNo. of ECHOED IPS; 15

PAGE; 15PING F-key; 15

PING FROM; 15TIME; 15TOTAL; 15

F

Figures01 Frame Relay Menu Tree; 5

02 Frame Relay Conguration Screen; 6

03 N391 and T391 Operation; 904 LMI Analysis Screen; 905 LMI Sample Printout; 1006 LMI PVC Analysis Screen; 11

07 PING Test Conguration Screen; 1208 PING Test in Progress Screen; 14

09 Echo Results Screen; 1510 InARP Statistics Screen; 16

11 Fox Test Conguration Screen; 1712 Fox Test Results Screen; 1913 Fox Test Sample Printout; 20

14 SA Monitor Conguration Screen; 2115 Frame Relay Performance Screen; 22

16 Frame Relay Statistics Screen; 2317 DLCI Analysis Screens; 24

18 GPRS Summary Screen; 2519 GPRS Mobility Management Screens; 2620 GPRS Session Management Screens; 27


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21 GPRS BSSGP Screens; 28

22 GPRS Network Service Screen; 30

23 Frame Relay Network; 3124 Frame Relay Headers and Congestion Control; 32

25 UNI; 3326 LMI Operation Example; 33

27 Frame Relay PING Testing; 3428 GPRS Network; 35

29 Protocol Stacks; 36Fox Test Configuration ScreenBECN; 18

CIR (Kbps); 18DE; 18

FECN; 18FRAME LENGTH; 18

LOAD (%); 17Fox Test Results ScreenBAD FRAME; 19

BECN FRAME; 19CURRENT KBPS; 19

DE FRAME; 19ET; 19

FCS ERROR; 19FECN FRAME; 19FOXSTOP/FXSTART F-key; 20

PVC STATUS; 19RESET F-key; 20

RSN ERROR; 19Rx FRAME; 19

SSN ERROR; 19ST; 19TX FRAME; 19

Frame Relay ConfigurationDLCI LENGTH; 7

DLCI VALUE; 7EMULATION

NETWORK; 6USER; 6

INTERFACE

NNI; 6

UNI; 6N391 FULL STAT POLL (cyc); 7N392 ERROR THRESHOLD (cyc); 7

N393 MONITOR EVENTS (cnt); 8

Figures continued


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SSMTT-27M3 41

PROTOCOLANSI617; 6

LMI; 6No-LMI; 6Q.933; 6

T391 STATUS ENQUIRY (sec); 7T392 STATUS (sec); 7

Frame Relay Performance ScreenAVG FRAME/SEC; 22

AVG THRU (Kbps); 22AVG UTIL (%); 22MAX FRAME/SEC; 22

MAX THRU (Kbps); 22MAX UTIL (%); 22

MIN FRAME/SEC; 22

MIN THRU (Kbps); 22MIN UTIL (%); 22

Frame Relay Statistics ScreenABORTED FRAMES; 23

AVG OCTET; 23BECN; 23

DE FRAMES; 23FCS ERRORS; 23

FECN FRAMES; 23LONG FRAMES; 23

SHORT FRAMES; 23TOTAL FRAMES; 23

Frame Relay Technology

ANSI T1.617 Annex D; 31Data Link Circuit Identication (DLCI); 31

In-Channel Signalling (T1.617 Annex D and Q.933 An; 33ITU-T Q.933 Annex A; 31

Local Management Interface (ANSI T1S1 terminology); 33Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs); 31PING Testing; 34

Virtual Circuit (VC); 33

GGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Technology

Control Plane; 36GSM network; 35

User Plane; 36GPRS Gb Analysis BSSGP Screens; 28GPRS Gb Analysis Mobility Management Screens; 26

GPRS Gb Analysis Network Service Statistics Screen; 30GPRS Gb Analysis Session Management Screens; 27

Frame Relay Configuration continued


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GPRS Gb Analysis Summary Screen

DLCI ACTIVE; 25FRAME RELAY LMI; 25

LINE 1 and LINE 2 STATUS; 25I

InARP Statistics ScreenInArpRQ F-key; 16

LAST IP; 16PING F-key; 16

RCV; 16RSP RCV; 16RSP SENT; 16

RSP T.O.; 16SENT; 16

TOTAL #; 16

LLMI Analysis Screen

ELAPSED TIME; 10LINK ERRORED TOTAL; 10LINK OK TOTAL; 10

NETLMI F-key; 10NETWORK; 10

PVC F-key; 11RESPONSE SEQ. NUMB; 10

STATUS; 10TIME OUT ERROR; 10USER; 10

WRONG MESSAGE; 10

PPING Conguration Screen

DEST. IP; 12InARP

MANUAL; 13NOInARP; 13TIMED; 13

InARP ENQUIRY TIME; 13LOCAL IP; 12

NLPIDIP; 12

SNAPIP; 12No. OF PINGS; 13

RESPSE TIME OUT (sec); 13TIMEOUT (sec); 12

PING Test Screen

AVG; 14CUR; 14


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SSMTT-27M3 43

ECHO F-key; 14InARP F-key; 14

InARP STATUS; 14MAX; 14

MIN; 14PINGs; 14

PVC STATUS; 14RECEIVE; 14ROUND TRIP TIME; 14

SENT; 14UNREACH; 14

PVC Analysis ScreenLMI F-key; 11

S

Statistics Analysis Configuration Screen

LONG FRAME LENGTH; 21SHORT FRAME LENGTH; 21

T

Tables01 Mobility Management Messages; 26

02 Session Management Messages; 2703 BSSGP Messages; 29

04 Network Session PDU Formats; 3005 DLCI Headers; 31

WWarnings; 2

Warranty; 38

PING Test Screen continued


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man-22060-us005 b00 e1 frame relay mmd

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