mammals
DESCRIPTION
Mammals. 4,629 species Phylum Chordata "back-boned animals" Four Distinct Features. Mammal Characteristics. Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrates = true back-bone - Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord - Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mammals
• 4,629 species• Phylum Chordata
"back-boned animals"
Four Distinct Features
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Mammal Characteristics
• Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrates = true back-bone
- Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord
- Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull)
- Endoskeleton
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Mammal Characteristics
• Class Mammalia – Subclass Prototheria
– Subclass Theria
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Mammal Characteristics
• Class Mammalia
Distinguishing Features
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Mammal Characteristics
*Exception to the Rule:
1) monotremes:
2) marsupials:
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Mammals in Michigan
9 Orders of Mammals in MI– Didelphimorphia– Insectivora– Chiroptera– Primates– Carnivora– Perissodactyla– Artiodactyla– Lagomorpha– Rodentia
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A. Monotremes (Order Montremata)
e.g, echidnas & duck-billed platypus
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWORDERLY OVERVIEW
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MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
B. Marsupials
1. South American Marsupials
a. Order Didelphimorphia
Wooly opossum Virginia opossum Mouse opossum
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B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
a. Order Dasyuromorphia
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
Tasmanian devil
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B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
b. Order Peramelemorphia
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
Rabbit-eared bandicoot
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B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
c. Order Diprotodontia…
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
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Feather-tail gliderEastern gray kangaroo
KoalaKoala
Honey possum
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Xenarthra (= Edentata)
(anteaters, sloths, armadillos)
Giant anteater Nine-banded armadilloNine-banded armadillo
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C. Placental Mammals
– Order Insectivora
(shrews, moles, tenrecs)
Short-tailed shrewShort-tailed shrew Eastern mole
Streaked tenrec
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Dermoptera
(colugos)
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Chiroptera
(bats)
Mastiff batMastiff bat
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Primates
(lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans)
Ring-tailed lem
ur
Orang-utan
Japanese macacques
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C. Placental Mammals
–Order Carnivora
(dogs, cats, weasels, bears, hyenas, mongooses, civets, pinnipeds)
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Gray wolf Cheetah
Grizzly bear
California sea lion
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Cetacea
(whales, dolphins)• toothed whales (odontocetes)
Orca whale
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Cetacea
(whales, dolphins)
• baleen whales (mysticetes)Blue whale
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Proboscidea
(elephants)African elephant
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Perissodactyla
Odd-toed ungulates(horses, rhinos, tapirs)
Asiatic tapir
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–Order ArtiodactylaC. Placental Mammals
Even-toed ungulates(pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats, cattle)
Dromedary camel Caribou
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Lagomorpha
(rabbits, hares, pikas)Rocky Mountain pika
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C. Placental Mammals–Order Rodentia
(squirrels, gophers, kangaroo rats, voles, porcupines, capybara)
N. pocket gopher
Prairie vole
Capybara
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Hair/Fur/Pelage
• key distinguishing feature
Dreiartgruppen:
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Hair = body covering for:1) insulation;
2) coloration
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
2) Coloration
c) disruptive coloration -
d) warning coloration
• Pelage consists of stiff guard hairs and downy underfur
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
• vibrissae:
• - Majority of mammals (excluding humans) molt hair annually or bi-annually
• hair follicle:
• hair: nonliving; consists of dead epidermal cells; strengthened by keratin (a structural protein)
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Figure 2-2
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Structure of Hair
1) medulla: inner layer of cells;
2) cortex: middle layer of cells;
3) cuticular scales:
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Figure 2-3
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands
Mammary glands - milk production for young; key distinguishing feature – Consists of alveoli for
milk secretion – alveoli:
– Alveoli connect to milk ducts which open into nipples
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands Endocrine Control:
– Mammary gland development linked to
– Milk production stimulated by secretions of prolactin & somatotropin (growth hormone)
– Nursing provides the stimulus to the pituitary to continue prolactin production & lactation
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Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands • Endocrine Control:
– Nursing also stimulates the release of oxytocin,