malta, 3rd october 2013 conference on implementation and enforcement of environmental legislation...

Malta, 3rd October 2013Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental legislation

Actions and policies in the implementation of the Air Quality Directive in Italy

Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna Bellinzona

Conference on Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Legislation


Guido Lanzani Head of Air Quality Unit

Environmental Monitoring AreaRegional Environmental Protection Agency

[email protected]

Silvia Anna BellinzonaDirector Environmental Monitoring Area

Regional Environmental Protection Agency

mailto:[email protected]




National legislation

Directive 2008/50/EC and Directive 2004/107/EC were transposed by legislative decree 13 August 2010, n. 155

ASSESSMENT

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION




The Legislative Decree 155/10 has been an opportunity to introduce a series of legislative solutions designed to overcome, in accordance with the new directive, the criticalities that the State and the Regions have met in the ten years of the application of Air Quality Legislation

• Missing or incomplete zoning of the territory

• Monitoring networks do not consistent with the standard or oversized

• Air quality plans do not always complete

• Incomplete transmission of data and information to the EC

• Lack of coordination between the State and the Regions with the result at Community level to represent an extreme fragmentation of activities and tools used at national level

National legislation




SOURCE : REPORT EEA 2012




Assessment: monitoring networks in Italy at the date of Directive implementation

SOURCE : REPORT EEA 2012




Stations - Year 2009 Urban Suburban Rural

Tipe of station T I F N.C. Tot. T I F N.C. Tot. T I F N.C. Tot. Total

Number of stations 254 19 134 2 409 42 84 81 1 208 1 23 69 0 93 710

Source: Ispra “annuario statistico 2010” – EOI Stations

Assessment: monitoring networks in Italy at the date of Directive implementation

• Too many traffic stations

• Not homogeneously distributed on the territory

• PM2.5 network to be completed

• Open question: meaning of «hot spot» : the worst situation or a point near emissions but still representative of exposition?




New dispositions

With the entry into force of Legislative Decree 155/10 have been provided:- New criteria for the zoning of the territory- New criteria for monitoring networks - Additional dispositions for the elaboration of air quality plans - Strengthening procedures for harmonization of the national and

regional tools

REGIONSCompetent authorities for air quality

assessment and management

STATE Coordination, and financial supportRules about related fields




Emission reduction in Italy (considering 100% in year 2000)

Source : ISPRA Emission Inventory

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

NOx (Mg)

NMVOC (Mg)

SOx (Mg)

NH3 (Mg)

PM10 (Mg)




Evolution of AQ in Milan




Assessment – Air Quality in Italy

PM10 d.v. exceedancees Year 2010Source: questionnaire decision 2004/461/CE

PM10 and NO2 did not comply with UE limits in some monitoring stations,

Ozone and BaP did not respect UE objectives

=> Air quality plans and programmes at regional and national level had (and have) to be implemented



Guido Lanzani Silvia Anna BellinzonaMODIS il 17 marzo 2005 (Text and image courtesy of NASA's MODIS Land Rapid Response Team)

50 km to Pre – Alps

90 km to AlpsBernina

4050 m a. s. l.

Grigna 2500 m a. s. l.

Milan and Po Valley




Orography influence on meteo conditions

High number of days with

anticyclonic conditions

Lack in wind




Lombardy Region – Emission Inventory

13

SNAP group NOx COV NH3 PM10 CO2 eqEnergy production and refineries 7% 0% 0% 2% 23%Residential heating 9% 7% 0% 50% 21%Industrial combustion 14% 1% 0% 4% 12%Production processes 3% 4% 0% 4% 5%Extracton and distribution of fuels 0% 3% 0% 0% 2%Solvent use 0% 38% 0% 1% 1%Road transport 55% 9% 1% 27% 23%Other mobile sources 10% 1% 0% 3% 2%Waste treatment and disposal 1% 0% 0% 0% 4%Agriculture 1% 16% 97% 5% 10%Other sources and sinks 0% 20% 0% 3% -3%

What to do:

Source: Inemar http://ww.inemar.eu




Residential heating: biomass contribution

Energy consumption

PM10 emissions

PM10 emission

factorTJ/year t/year g/GJ

Traditional open fireplace 4.398 3.383 860

Traditional stove burning wood 4.602 3.841 810

Cloded fireplace or insert 8.279 3.412 400

Innovative stove or boiler 566 140 240

Automatic stove burning pellets or chipped wood or BAT system burning wood

1.464 115 76

Natural gas 214.581 43 0,2

Gas oil 14.702 73 5,0

LPG 5.770 1,2 0,2

Fuel oil Forbidden 0 40




Traffic – PM10 Contribution

brakes




Lombardia PRIARegional Programme for Improving Air Quality

• public transport development• Trucks and HLV • Private duty vehicle fleets• Private cars and motocycles progressive ban of pre-euro, diesel euro I, II

and III cars and 2 strokes motorcycles

Traffic Emissions

• BAT for industrial plants within IPPC regional procedures• Continuous emissions monitoring system for main industrial plants• Complete shift of TE PP from conventional to methane integrated cycles

(7000 MWe)• Residential biomass combustion regulation

Stationary sources emissions

• Energy certification of buildings (new, existing)• Heat sharing out (within buildings with centralized heating plants)• Domestic boilers (4 Star boilers, …)

Energy saving

• Reduction of NH3 (a main PM10 precursory) emissions from agricoltural sewage shedding

Agriculture and breeding sectors




PRIA – Assesed scenarios

Achieve UE daily limits on PM10 in all PM10 monitoring

stations

50% Nox emission reduction is needed

>50% reduction on both PM10 primary and precursors emissions is needed

Achieve NO2 annual mean limit in all the traffic stations




Big Challange

Policy in order to limit both primary and secondary sources

Comparison Pro-Capita & Pro-GDP emissions Lombardia vs. EU27




Conclusions

• control of peaks – avoid critical situations

Local

• Regional Programme for Improving Air Quality (PRIA) (last one has been approved in Lombardia last 6th September)

Regional

• Coherence between climate and AQ policies (e.g residential biomass and renewables)

• Coherence in both development and transport policies

National

• Sectorial emission standards• Timing vehicles Euro VI standards)• Residential biomass combustion into fireplace and stoves; off-road; • tyres and brake)• Air quality with specific priority within EU funding?

European Union




Acknowledgments

A special thank to Fabio Romeo, Italian Ministry of Environment Land and Sea, for the contribution to this presentation with the descriptions of national situation

And…

Thank You for Your attention

malta, 3rd october 2013 conference on implementation and enforcement of environmental legislation...

Documents

air quality directive

air quality assessment

italy pm10

milan slide

wind slide

monitoring stations

po valley slide

ispra emission inventory