Mali and Honduras

By: Hayley LitchfieldBella Carrara

Lindsay WalkerGrace Daly

Definition of Development

The act of progress and growth in a country in the areas of economy, agriculture, government, and trade.

The country is aware of how to best use it’s resources and further expand their knowledge of their own country.

Hondureños

• Water pollutionWater pollution

• Weather disastersWeather disasters

• Deforestation Deforestation

• PoachingPoaching

IssuesIssues

Water PollutionWater Pollution• Due to: Due to:

–The rupture of the San The rupture of the San Andres’ mining company Andres’ mining company tube, 150 gallons of tube, 150 gallons of chemicals polluted the water.chemicals polluted the water.

Deterioration of water Deterioration of water sources & feederssources & feeders

Endangers :Endangers :

-Health of population -Health of population

-Investment in sectors-Investment in sectors

-Sustainability of economic & -Sustainability of economic & social developmentsocial development

-Environmental stability-Environmental stability

Hurricane Mitch 1998Hurricane Mitch 1998

EffectEffect: severe flooding that : severe flooding that devastated infrastructure & devastated infrastructure & communities communities

ResultResult: killed 5,600 people & : killed 5,600 people & caused $1 billion in damagecaused $1 billion in damage

DeforestationDeforestation

Forests are under attack by Forests are under attack by loggers seeking loggers seeking pine & pine & mahogany.mahogany.

*Red dots are areas of severe *Red dots are areas of severe deforestationdeforestation

LegalitiesLegalities Although there are laws prohibiting Although there are laws prohibiting

illegal logging, monitoring is lacking.illegal logging, monitoring is lacking.

Illegal LoggingIllegal Logging• Consumes 75-85% of hardwood Consumes 75-85% of hardwood

productionproduction

• 30-50% of coniferous production 30-50% of coniferous production is diminishing forests, biodiversity, is diminishing forests, biodiversity, while creating social conflicts while creating social conflicts

• Decreases rainfall, increases Decreases rainfall, increases evaporationevaporation

Mali

Geography of Mali

• In Western Africa• Flat, Sandy, plains• Sahara Desert• Weak rain fall (7-20in/year) • Rely on Niger River• Sahel

History of Issue in Mali

• Continuous drought- decline 1980’s• 1972-1974 great drought-lost 40% of herd• Ongoing desertification of the Sahel• 2003 famine• 1983- Lake Banzena dried up

Issues in Mali

• Deforestation• Desertification • Droughts• Poaching

Desertification

• a process by which land becomes increasingly dry until almost no vegetation grows on it, making it a desert

• Desertification is caused by the grazing of animals which kills the grasslands and allows sand to blow over from the Sahara.

Droughts

• 3.76% is arable land

• .03% is permanent crop land

• 96.21% is unusable land

Poaching

• In 2001- 13 mammal and 6 bird species along with 5 plants species were endangered

• Lack authority to prevent poaching

How it effects development

• Famine• Poverty• Loss of useful land and water• Food chain

Future of Mali• The environment will continue to

decline at a steady rate due to the increasing birth rate. The birth rate is predicted to double within the next 20 years which will cause enormous strain on the environment. Also, because most of the land is desert, the country can not produce more goods.

Works Cited"Case Study In Advocacy From Honduras." International Bicycle Fund. 2 June 2009

<http://www.ibike.org/library/honduras.htm>. "Country profile: Honduras." BBC News. 2 June 2009

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/ country_profiles/1225416.stm>.

"Development Progress." The World Bank. 1 June 2009 <http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/ COUNTRIES/LACEXT/HONDURASEXTN/ 0,,menuPK:295080~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:295071,00.html>.

"Environment." Oxfam's Cool Planet. 3 June 2009 <http://www.oxfam.org>. Path: http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/ontheline/explore/journey/mali/environ2.htm. "An

Environmental Crime in Honduras." Mines and Communities. 14 Apr. 2009. 29 May 2009 <https://webmail.darienps.org/OWA/ ?ae=Item&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAADwDHmi404oSLuJ47HGqmI5BwBq4gyyIHUfSZWqGnZ4vsUMAAAABnsOAADxF0Ysm1ijToOJfx W8WNYDAC3VUfGbAAAJ>.

"Honduras." World Resources Institute. 1 June 2009 <http://www.wri.org/publication/content/ 7890>.

Honduras This Week Online. 22 July 2002. 31 May 2009 <http://www.hondurasthisweek.com/special/ environment>.