MALE BREAST CANCER

Done by:Taghreed Eyuni.

9193004

OBJECTIVES:

•By the end of this presentation you will be able to:

* Define male breast cancer.* Identify the diagnostic test to be done.

* Know about the incidence of male breast cancer.* Understand the risk factors and clinical

manifestations.* Identify the treatment options for male breast

cancer.* Understand the nursing managements.

* Identify the important patient and family educational topics .

DEFINITION:

Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast in men. Most male breast cancer begins in cells lining the ducts. It is very rare and

it can occur in men at any age, but it is usually detected in men between 60 and 70 years of age. Male breast cancer makes up less than 1% of all cases of breast cancer.

( mayl brest KAN-ser)

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

* Physical exam and history

* Clinical breast exam

* Ultrasound * MRI

* Blood chemistry studies

* Biopsy

INCIDENCE:

In 2009, 371 men were diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK . Among men, breast cancer is the 26th most common cancer, accounting for less than 1% of male cancer cases.

Breast cancer incidence in males is strongly related to age. between 2007 and 2009, around 65% of male breast cancer cases were in men aged 65 years and over

INCIDENCE:

In 2011, about 2,140 men were diagnosed with the disease. For men, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is about 1 in 1,000.

Lisa Attebery, D.O., breast surgeon, assistant professor of surgery, Dept. of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, The Cancer Institute of Surgeryhttp:// . .www breastcancer org

:// . .http info cancerresearchuk org

INCIDENCE:

RISK FACTORS:

* Growing older* High estrogen levels: Breast cell growth —

both normal and abnormal.* Klinefelter syndrome: Men with Klinefelter

syndrome have lower levels of androgens (male hormones) and higher levels of estrogen (female hormones).

* A strong family history of breast cancer or genetic alterations.

* Radiation exposure: Having radiation therapy to the chest before age 30, and particularly during adolescence

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:

* A lump felt in the breast* Nipple pain

* An inverted nipple* Nipple discharge (clear or bloody)

sores on the nipple and areola)* Enlarged lymph nodes under the

arm

TREATMENTS OPTIONS:

* Surgery

* Chemotherapy

* Radiation therapy

: * Targeted therapy  is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other

substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells .

Modified radical mastectomy. The dotted line shows where the entire breast and some lymph nodes are removed. Part of the chest wall muscle may also be

removed.

Breast-conserving surgery. Dotted lines show the area containing the tumor that is removed and some of the lymph nodes that may be removed.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

Eliminate the things that contributed to breast cancer in the first place:

*Stop alcohol use, smoking. *Follow a weight reduction diet.

*Have moderate exposure to the sun and radiation.

*Adopt stress management techniques.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

* Always evaluate the patient’s feelings about his illness specially because of the gender and the diagnosis

* Determine patient’s level of knowledge and expectations.

* Administer analgesics for pain as needed.* Perform comfort measures to promote

relaxation and to relieve anxiety.* Provide skin care particularly in bony

prominences.* Provide measures to relive adverse effects of

treatment.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

* Watch for treatment complications, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, leucopenia, gastrointestinal ulceration, and bleeding.

* Monitor patient’s weight and nutritional intake for evidence of malnutrition.

* Monitor the patient’s pain level and the efficacy of administered analgesics and non-pharmacologic measures.

PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION:

PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION:

Educate the patient and take measures to prevent/ reduce lymphedema:

* Do prescribed exercises* Eat a weight loss diet (weight loss

reduces lymphedema)Educate the patient on what to do when he feels weak

* Balance rest and activity.* Do light exercise. Exercise can

reduce fatigue.* Follow energy-increasing diet or take

supplements

PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION:

* Educate the patient on the importance of following all doctor’s orders about medication, follow-up visits, lab tests, imaging tests and treatments.

* The patient must adhere to the medications and learn how to manage the side effects.

* Encourage the patient and his family to join a group therapy and join a breast cancer support group

PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION:

* Encourage the family to support the patient by staying with him during treatment. They must also learn how to help him when he is weak, nauseous or tired.

* Encourage friends to make contact with him because he may be shy to be seen because of having this female related disease.

REFERENSES:Male Breast Cancer ReferencesAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare & National Breast Cancer Centre 2006. Breast cancer in Australia: an overview, 2006. Cancer series no. 34. cat. no. CAN 29. Canberra: AIHWBraunwald, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 16th Edition. McGraw-Hill. 2001Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T. Robbins Pathological Basis of Disease Sixth Ed. WB Saunders Company 1999.

Giordano SH: A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist 10 (7): 471-9, 2005.

National Cancer Institute. 'Male Breast Cancer: Treatment' [online]. U.S. National Institutes of Health, 2006. Available at URL:

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/malebreast/HealthProfessional (Last accessed: 14/3/2007).

:// . . / - -http www hisbreastcancer org information about ma- - .le breast cancer html

ANY QUESTION!