malcolm knowles adult learning theory patricia farley ms rn cne walden university edd student educ...
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![Page 1: Malcolm Knowles Adult Learning Theory Patricia Farley MS RN CNE Walden University EdD Student EDUC 8101](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e0f5503460f94afa3a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Malcolm Knowles Adult Learning Theory
Patricia Farley MS RN CNEWalden University
EdD StudentEDUC 8101
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Questions to be addressed?
• What is andragogy?• What is the difference between
andragogy and pedagogy?• What are Malcolm Knowles
assumptions of adult learning?• What are some limitations of Knowles
adult learning theory?
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Andragogy
• Andragogy
• Alexander Kapp
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Malcolm Knowles
• Father of adult learning• Harvard University• Director of YMCA• Astronomy class• The Modern Practice of
Adult Education: Andragogy vs. Pedagogy
• Published over 230 articles & 18 books
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Pedagogy vs. Andragogy
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Six Assumptions of Andragogy
1. Self concept
2. Learner’s experience
3. Readiness to learn
4. Orientation to learning
5. Motivation to learn
6. Need to know
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Self Concept
Adults are actively involved in decisions that affect themselves
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The Role of the Learner’s Experience
Adults come into educational activities with experience
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Readiness to Learn
Adults are ready to learn when they need new information to cope effectively with life situations.
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Orientation to Learning
Adult learning experiences should be structured around life situations.
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Motivation to Learn
Adults are motivated by internal pressures
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The Need to Know
Adults must recognize the necessity of learning something prior to starting the process of learning.
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Strengths of Knowles Theory
• A set of core adult learning principles
• Can be applied to all
adult learning situations
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Limitations of Knowles Theory
• Based on observation and experience
• No valid measurement tool
• Various order of assumptions
• Adult experiences may be negative
• These assumptions can relate to children
• The impact of culture, race, gender or environment not mentioned
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Summary
• Andragogy remains the best known model of adult learning
• All theories have strengths/weaknesses.
• No single theory explains how every adult learns.
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