malcolm ballantine - u3asites.org.uk · powerpoint presentation author: malcolm created date:...
TRANSCRIPT
Malcolm Ballantine
Halesworth & District
Personality Assessment What is ‘personality’?
Two Approaches Trait: Many independent descriptors
Type: Single pithy descriptor
Two Approaches - Examples ‘Trait’ approach – eg NEO PI-R
‘Type’ approach – eg Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
‘Big Five’: Development No prior theory of personality
The ‘Adjective Check List’ (Gough & Heilbrun, 1983)
List words (300) that describe temperament
Ask volunteers to rate people they know on these words
Construct correlations
Analyze for patterns of correlation (factor analysis)
Established five factors – the ‘Big Five’
Has since been replicated many times
Development of the NEO PI-R Confirm the structure of the ‘Big Five’
Extend this structure by ‘drilling down’
Construct a questionnaire to assess against this easily
NEO PI-R The Revised Version of the NEO Personality Inventory
Paul T Costa & Robert R McCrae 1985 – 1992
Five ‘domains’ (the Big Five); six ‘facets’ per domain
240 items: eight per facet
No measure dependent on just one item
Four items positively keyed; four negatively
No ‘hidden scales’ – eg to check for haphazard responses
NEO PI-R: Structure Five ‘Domains’ – the ‘Big Five’
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism - Facets N1 Anxiety
N2 Angry Hostility
N3 Depression
N4 Self-Consciousness
N5 Impulsiveness
N6 Vulnerability
Extraversion - Facets E1 Warmth
E2 Gregariousness
E3 Assertiveness
E4 Activity
E5 Excitement Seeking
E6 Positive Emotions
Openness to Experience - Facets O1 Fantasy
O2 Aesthetics
O3 Feelings
O4 Actions
O5 Ideas
O6 Values
Agreeableness - Facets A1 Trust
A2 Straightforwardness
A3 Altruism
A4 Compliance
A5 Modesty
A6 Tendermindedness
Conscientiousness - Facets C1 Competence
C2 Order
C3 Dutifulness
C4 Achievement Striving
C5 Self-Discipline
C6 Deliberation
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Katherine Briggs & Isabel Briggs Myers
Based on theories of Carl Gustav Jung
Key Concept: Preference
MBTI Four Preference Dichotomies
Extraversion vs Introversion
Where do you prefer to focus your attention?
Sensing vs INtuition
How do you prefer to take in information?
Thinking vs Feeling
How do you make decisions?
Judging vs Perceiving
How do you deal with the outer world?
The E-I Dichotomy Extraversion Introversion
Like variety & action
Enjoy interacting with people
Develop their ideas through discussion
Learn by talking & doing
Interested in how other people do things
Like quiet for concentration
Enjoy focussing on a task
Develop their ideas internally
Learn by reading and reflecting
Enjoy working alone without interruptions
The S-N Dichotomy Sensing Intuition
Focus on immediate issues
Provide a realistic & practical perspective
Like to perfect standard ways of doing things
Build to conclusions by collecting facts
Draw on their own & others’ experience
Follow their inspirations
Provide connections & meanings
Like solving new, complex problems
Start with the ‘big picture’, fill in the facts
Prefer change, new ways of doing things
The T-F Dichotomy Thinking Feeling
Focus on the tasks
Use logical analysis to understand & decide
Want mutual respect and fairness
Are firm-minded, can give criticism when appropriate
Apply principles consistently
Focus on people’s interactions
Use values to understand & decide
Want harmony & support
Are empathetic, prefer to accommodate to reach consensus
Apply values consistently
The J-P Dichotomy Judging Perceiving
Want to plan their work and follow their plan
Like to get things settled and finished
Feel supported by structure and schedules
Reach conclusions by deciding quickly
Focus on timely completion of work
Want to have flexibility in their work
Like to be spontaneous
Feel restricted by structure and schedules
Leave things open as long as possible
Focus on enjoying the process
Sixteen Types
ISTJ
ISFJ
INFJ
INTJ
ISTP
ISFP
INFP
INTP
ESTP
ESFP
ENFP
ENTP
ESTJ
ESFJ
ENFJ
ENTJ
Sixteen Types: This Group ISTJ
2
ISFJ
3 INFJ
0 INTJ
3
ISTP
1
ISFP
0 INFP
0 INTP
0
ESTP
1
ESFP
0 ENFP
3 ENTP
0
ESTJ
4
ESFJ
0 ENFJ
0 ENTJ
1
Interpreting the Questionnaires You are saying something about yourself
Using the framework built into the questionnaire
Which is also designed to ‘catch you off guard’
The results compare you with others
…and, for the NEO PI-R…
The scores are converted to ‘T-Scores’
ie with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10