malaysia - oecd · * see notes (ipu) parline database source: inter-parliamentary union (ipu)...
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Government at a GlanceSoutheast Asia 2019
Country Fact Sheet
Malaysia is laying a strong foundation for open government data availability and reuse
With 0.67/1, Malaysia has the second-highest score in SEA on the OURdata Index, which measures the openness, usefulness and re-usability of public sector data. It is one of the only countries in the region with initiatives to promote open government data reuse and to assess the main barriers to businesses and civil society reusing open government data.
Chapter 6. Digital and open government
Open-Useful-Reusable Government Data (OURdata) Index, 2018; Data availability (Pillar 1), 2018
Malaysia makes serious efforts to measure the financial benefitsof public sector ICT projects for all concerned
Malaysia is one of the only countries to establish methodologies for consistently measuring the financial benefits of information and communication technology (ICT) projects for central government, citizens and businesses. It also strives to use this information to inform policies and practices for ICT investments.
Chapter 6. Digital and open government
Measurement of direct financial benefits of ICT projects for central government, businesses and citizens, 2018
In Malaysia, women are less represented in political positions than in other SEA countries
In 2017, only one-tenth (10.4%) of Malaysian parliamentarians were women. This figure has not moved in the past decade, and remains below the SEA average of 20.2%. Women’s representation in political leader-ship positions is even rarer, with the share of women ministers at only 8.3%, slightly below the SEA average of 10.1% and significantly below the OECD average of 27.9%.
Chapter 3. Public employment
Share of women parliamentarians, 2008, 2014 and 2018 (lower or single house of parliament)Share of women ministers, 2008, 2014 and 2017
Malaysia
Fiscal balance(2016)
Government expenditures(2016)
Government investment*(2016)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
G@G /dataG@G /data
Fiscal rules: Types and legal foundation (2017)*
Government revenues(2016)
How to read the figures:Country value in blue
(not represented if not available)
Average of SEA countries in
purple
Range of SEA country values in
grey
Public Finance and Economics
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
20.0%23.3%
Malaysia
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
18.2%20.7%
Malaysia
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
3.0%n.a.
Malaysia
Values have been rounded. n.a. = not applicable or
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment and Women’s Representation
* See notes Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlook database (IMF WEO)
OECD average or value
in green
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlookdatabase (IMF WEO)
Sources: IMF, World Economic Ooutlookdatabase (IMF WEO)
Source: IMF Government Finance Statistics* See notes (IMF GFS) database
Share of womenparliamentarians
(2018)*
Share of womenministers
(2017)
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union* See notes (IPU) PARLINE database
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)“Women in Politics”
20.3%
10.4%Malaysia
0% 10% 20% 30%
10.1%
8.3%Malaysia
0% 10% 20% 30%
In how many countriesdo these typesof rules exist?
If yes, what is thelegal foundation?
Do these types of rules exist?
Budget balance (de�cit/surplus)
Legal foundations:
ConstitutionInternationalTreaty
Primary and/orSecondary Legislation
InternalRules/Policy
C IT L R
7642
Expenditure
Debt
Revenue
Politicalcommittment
P OtherO
33292715
R
L
NONO
YESYES
Malaysia
Who provides specialised budget analysisto the legislature?
(2017)
Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices, updated in 2018
In how many countriesdo these types
of support exist?
Parliamentary Budget O�ce or specialised research unit
Specialised sta� of Budget/Finance Committee
Specialised sta� in political party secretariats
Individual member’s sta� 3
54
1NONO
2219
2015
NONO
Malaysia
46.9%
50.8%Malaysia
35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%
Budget
Share of public sectoremployment filled by
women (2016)*
Source: International Labour Organization* See notes (ILO) ILOSTAT database
Employment in public sector (2016)*
% of total employment
Source: International Labour Organization* See notes (ILO) ILOSTAT database
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
15.4%
0%
16.3%
Malaysia
-30% -10%-20% 0% +10%
Malaysia -2.6%
-1.8%
Budgetary information made publicly available (2017)
Dedicated PPP units and value for moneyassessments of PPPs and TIPs (2017)
Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018Source: 2015 OECD Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures for Asian Countries, updated in 2018
In how many countriesis this informationpublicly available?
Budget proposal
Budget approved
Methodology and economic assumptions for establishing �scal projections
Sensitivity analyses of �scal and/or macroeconomic models 3
10
65NO
YES
33
33
28
24
Budget circular
Independent reviews/analyses of macroeconomic and/or �scal assumptions
Pre-budget report
Long term perspective on total revenue and expenditure
7
3
5
1
20
28
23
24n.a.
n.a.
NO
YESYES
NO
Malaysia
In how many countriesdoes this practice exist?
Use of public private partnerships
Dedicated PPP unit reporting to Ministry of Finance
Dedicated PPP units reporting to line ministries
Other PPP unit 1
410
2
NOYES 26
12
82
Use of relative value for money assessments for PPPs
Use of absolute value for money assessments for PPPs
Use of absolute value for money assessments for TIPs
3 11
YES
No dedicated PPP unit exists in central/federal government
n.a.n.a.n.a.
n.a.n.a.n.a.
Yes, for all projects Yes, for those abovecertain monetary threshold
Yes, ad hoc basis Yes, other
NONO
Malaysia
Strategic Human Resources Management
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.55Malaysia
Type ofrecruitment system
usedin central government
(2018)*
Extent of delegation of HRM practices
in line ministriesin central government
(2018)*
Extent of the use of performance
assessments in HR decisions in central government (2018)*
Collection andavailability of
administrative HR data in central government
(2018)*
Extent of the use of separate HRM practices for senior civil servants in central government
(2018)*
0.50
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.40Malaysia
0.70
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.69Malaysia
0.75
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
11.00Malaysia
0.68
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.85Malaysia
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
Source: OECD Strategic Human ResourcesManagement Survey * See Notes
G@G /data
Budget
Open Government
Top five national policy objectives ofopen government initiatives
(2018)*
* See Notes Source: OECD (2018) Open Government and Open Data Survey
In how many countriesis this a national
objective?
Improve accountability of public sector
Improve responsiveness to citizens / businessImprove transparency of public sector
Improve e�ectiveness of public sector
4
66
5
NO
YESYES
Improve the e�ciency of the public sector
Prevent and �ght corruption
Improve citizen participation in policymaking
Increase citizen trust in public institutions
4333
YES
YES
Generate economic growth 1
YES
NO
NONO
Malaysia
National policy objectives
1. Yes
1 2 3
Malaysia
2. No, but open government initiatives are integrated in other strategies 3. No, there is no single strategic document including open government initiatives, nor are they integrated in other strategies
37.5% 12.5%50.0%
* See Notes Source: OECD (2018) Open Government and Open Data Survey
Existence of a single nationalopen government strategy
(2018)*
Existence of a main national citizens portal forgovernment services and of a legally recognised
digital identification (e.g. digital signature)mechanism (2018)
Source: OECD survey on digital government performance 2018
* See Notes Source: Source: Gallup World Poll (database)
0.66
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.40
0.54
Malaysia
Dataavailability
Dataaccessibility
Governmentsupport to re-use
Satisfaction and confidence across public services(2017)*
79%
Judicial system Education system
78%
20
40
60
80
100
Health care
MalaysiaAverage
Range
71%
83%75% 68%69%55% 56%
Malaysia
Existence of a legally recogniseddigital identi�cation
(e.g. digital signature) mechanism
Existence of a main nationalcitizens portal
for government services
Number of countrieswhere it exists
YES
YES 7
9
Open Government Data
Serving Citizens
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Digital Government
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data (2017)*
* See notes Source: OECD Survey on Open Government Data
Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Digital Government
Notes• Government investment data for Viet Nam is for 2013. Data is recorded on a cash basis and refer to the government sector of budgetary central government. • Types and legal foundation of fiscal rules - Viet Nam’s revenue rules are referring to National Assembly’s resolutions for a 10-year financial strategy and a 5 year socioeconomic development plan. • Top five national policy objectives of open government initiatives - Countries selected the top five national policy objectives out of nine. • Satisfaction and confidence across public services - Health care and education data for Viet Nam are for 2016. Due to missing data, the SEA average does not include the countries listed for the following charts: • Government investment - Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Viet Nam; • Employment in public sector - Cambodia; • Share of public sector employment filled by women - Cambodia; • Share of women parliamentarians - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar; • Strategic HRM - Myanmar; • Top five national policy objectives of open government initiatives - Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Myanmar; • Existence of a single national open government strategy - Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR, Myanmar; • OURdata index - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar; • Satisfaction and confidence across public services - Brunei Darussalam, Myanmar, Viet Nam (for judicial system).
Source: OECD survey on digital government performance
In how many countriesare these
measurements used?
Measure the direct �nancial bene�tsof ICT projects in the central government
Measure the �nancial bene�ts for businessesof public ICT projects
Measure the �nancial bene�ts for citizensof public ICT projects
3
YES
YES
3
3
YES
Malaysia
Measurement of direct financial benefits ofICT projects for central government,
businesses and citizens(2018)
Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019This first edition of Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 draws on data collections from 10 Southeast Asian countries to better inform public sector reforms and evidence-based policy making in the region, with a key focus on a citizen-centric public service. The comparable data presented here also supports peer-to-peer learning between countries. This dashboard of key indicators aims to help policy makers and citizens analyse the relative performance of governments in this highly diverse and fast-developing region. Comparisons are also made against OECD countries in the region such as Australia, Korea, Japan and New Zealand. The 34 indicators cover key aspects of public management, including public finance and economics, public employment, budgeting practices and procedures, strategic human resources management, digital and open government, and citizen-centric services.Copyright © OECD, ADB 2019. This Work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) public license.
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264305915-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance Southeast Asia 2019 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: http://oe.cd/gov-data-sea