malaysia hr1
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
1/22
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
2/22
Human Rights
Ashraf Saad Galal, M.D
Professor of OphthalmologyChairman, Ethics Committee
Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityLicense of Law, Diploma in Public Law, Diploma in Private Law
Faculty of Law, Alexandria University
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
3/22
What is meant by Human Rights?
These are the basic standard rights and
freedoms to which all humans are entitled and
without which people cannot live in dignity as
human beings.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
4/22
Why Human Rights for Medical Students?
1. Develop and promote attitudes respecting basic human rightsin professional practice of care.
2. Prevent professional practice violating basic human rights of
patients.
3. Contribute to the rehabilitation of victims of human rights
abuse.
4. Contribute to the protection of human rights at the local,
national and international levels.
5. Promote integration of human rights into health policy
decisions.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
5/22
The course is comprised of:
A) Ten (10) lectures (1 hour each).
* Five (5) lectures: general principles of
international human rights,* Five (5) lectures: human rights pertaining to
the medical profession; patient rights.
B) Two (2) self learning sessions (2 hours each).
C) Two (2) discussion and interactive evaluation
sessions (2 hours each).
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
6/22
Lectures:Lecture 1: Introduction History of human rights
Lecture 2: Sources of international human rightsUniversal declaration of human rights
Covenants
International covenant on civil and political rights
International covenant on economic, social and cultural rights
Lecture 3: Sources of international human rightsTreaties and conventions:
International
Regional
Religion
Lecture 4: Categorization of human rights1st generation human rights (civil and political rights)
2nd generation human rights (economic, social and cultural rights)
3rd generation human rights
Lecture 5: Group rights
Women, Children, Minority, Refugee, Disability, Mentally ill,Indi enous eo le, Senior citizens
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
7/22
Lectures:Lecture 6: Patient rights
Lecture 7: Confidentiality
Lecture 8: Informed consent
Lecture 9: Genome and research
Lecture 10: Patient Responsibilities
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
8/22
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
9/22
Mesopotamia
Neo-Sumerian Code of Ur-Nammu (ca. 2050 BC):
The oldest legal codex extant today
The Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1780 BC):
It shows rules, and punishments if those rules are
broken, on a variety of matters, including women'srights, men's rights, children's rights and slave
rights.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
10/22
Persia
Cyrus cylinder Neo-Babylonian
Empire 539 BC,
a declaration of intentions by the
emperor Cyrus the Great
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
11/22
India
Edicts of Ashoka - Maurya Empire272-
231 BC
The edicts are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the
Pillars of Ashoka
* Ashoka the Great adopted Buddhism.* He pursued an official policy of nonviolence
tolerance, equality and the protection of human
rights.
a * Ashoka also showed mercy to those imprisoned,allowing them outside one day each year, and
offered common citizens free education at
universities and free hospitals.
* Ashoka defined the main principles of nonviolence,
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
12/22
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
13/22
Constitution of Medina ( )
It was drafted by Prophet Muhammad in 622 AD.
It constituted a formal agreement between Prophet Muhammad and allof the significant tribes and families of Yathrib.
The Constitution established:
* freedom of religion.
* the role of Medina as a sacred place (barring all violence and
weapons).
* the security of women.
* stable tribal relations within Medina.* a tax system for supporting the community in time of conflict.
* parameters for exogenous political alliances.
* a system for granting protection of individuals.
* a judicial system for resolving disputes.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
14/22
Constitution of Medina ( )
* Rights of non-Muslims:
1. The security (dhimma) of God is equal for all groups.
2. Non-Muslim members have equal political and cultural rights as
Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion.
3. Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the Ummah and
share the cost of war. There is to be no treachery between the two.
4. Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of the
Muslims.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
15/22
Magna Carta
- An English charter originally issued in 1215.
- It influenced the development of the common law and
many constitutional documents, such as the United
States Constitution and Bill of Rights.- It was originally written because of disagreements
amongst Pope Innocent III, King John and the English
barons about the rights of the King.
- It explicitly protected certain rights, allowing appeal
against unlawful imprisonment and the right to due
process according to law.
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
16/22
that all men are created equal,
that they are endowed by theirCreator with certain unalienableRights, that among these areLife, Liberty and the pursuit ofHappiness.
The United States Declaration of Independence 1776
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
17/22
(From Article VI) "All the citizens,
being equal in [the eyes of the law], are
equally admissible to all public dignities,
places, and employments, according to
their capacity and without distinction
other than that of their virtues and oftheir talents."
France Declaration of the Rights of Man andof the Citizen 1789
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
18/22
The Geneva Conventions (1864-1949):
consist of four treaties that set the
standards for international law forhumanitarian concerns.
The International Committee of the Red
Cross is the controlling body of the Geneva
conventions.
First Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded
and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field" (first adopted in 1864, last revision in
1949)
Second Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded,
Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea" (first adopted in 1949,
successor of the 1907 Hague Convention X)
Third Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" (first
adopted in 1929, last revision in 1949)
Fourth Geneva Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time
of War" (first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the 1907 Hague ConventionIV
International Humanitarian Law (laws of war)
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
19/22
World War II Crimes
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
20/22
The United Nations 1945
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
21/22
-
8/9/2019 Malaysia HR1
22/22