malaria & its management

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Malaria & its Management Pritam Singh MBA PM06

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a brief decription about malaria its cause, prevention and treatment

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Page 1: Malaria & its management

Malaria & its Management

Pritam SinghMBA PM06

Page 2: Malaria & its management

Malaria

• Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals.

• Its a disease of the blood that is caused by thePlasmodium parasite

• Transmitted from personto person by a particular type of mosquito.

Page 3: Malaria & its management

History

• The term malaria originates from Medieval Italian: mala aria — "bad air";

• in 1880, Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran made a scientific studies and observed parasites inside the red blood cells.

• In April 1894, a Scottish physician Sir Ronald Ross proved that the mosquito was the vector for malaria in humans.

• He isolated malaria parasites from the salivary glands of mosquitoes.

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Cause

• Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

• Malaria parasites belong to the genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa).

• malaria is caused by P. falciparum (75%), P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax(20%) and P. knowlesi.

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Sign & Symptoms

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Diagnosis

• Malaria is usually diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood films or by antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT).

• Confirmed by low number of platelets in the blood, and higher-than-normal levels of bilirubin in the blood combined with a normal level of white blood cells.

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Treatment

• Malaria is treated with oral chloroquine except malaria caused by P. falciparum.

• Malaria caused by P. falciparum requires treatment with oral quinine, given concurrently with pyrimethamine with sulfodoxine and a sulfonamide, such as sulfadiazine.

• For the hepatic stage of disease: primaquine phosphate, given daily for 14 days.

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Treatment

• Artemether is a potent and quick acting antimalarial agent, used for treating chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria, including cerebral malaria.

• Proguanil is an antiprotozoal and antimalarial, prescribed for prevention of malaria, treatment of malaria. It prevents the development of malaria parasites.

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Chemical classification

• 4 aminoquinolines: – Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Amodiaquine, Pyronaridine

• 8 aminoquinolines: – Primaquine, Tafenoquine, Bulaquine

• Cinchona alkaloids: – Quinine, Quinidine

• Quinoline methanol: – Mefloquine

• Biguanides– Proguanil, Chlorproguanil

Page 10: Malaria & its management

Chemical classification

• Diaminopyrimidines– Pyrimethamine

• Sulfonamides– Sulfadoxine, dapsone

• Tetracyclines: – tetracycline, doxycycline

• Naphthoquinone: – Atovaquone

• Sesquiterpene lactones: – Artesunate, artemether, arteether

Page 11: Malaria & its management

Prevention

There is an ABCD for prevention of malaria. This is:

Awareness of risk of malaria.Bite prevention.Antimalarial medication - Chemoprophylaxis (taking antimalarial medication exactly as prescribed).

Prompt Diagnosis and treatment.

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Thank you

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THANK YOU